Systems and methods for separating a biogas or other gaseous material into its constituent parts, including solid methane and carbon dioxide, using liquid nitrogen in a processing chamber. The individual parts may be extracted from the processing chamber. Separation and extraction can be performed on a mobile processing plant.

A process for treating effluent streams in a renewable transportation fuel production process is described. One or more of the sour water stream and an acid gas stream are treated directly in thermal oxidation section. The process allows the elimination or size reduction of a sour water stripper unit, waste water treatment plant, and sulfur recovery unit.

A carbon dioxide production system 10A includes: a fuel cell stack 16; a separation unit 20 that separates anode off-gas into a non-fuel gas including at least carbon dioxide and water and a regenerative fuel gas; a second heat exchanger 32 that separates water from the non-fuel gas; a water tank 42; and a carbon dioxide recovery tank 48 that recovers the carbon dioxide after the water has been separated.

An environmental control system employs an electrolysis cell utilizing an anion conducting membrane. A power supply is coupled across the anode and cathode of the electrolysis cell to drive reactions to reduce oxygen and/or carbon dioxide in an output gas flow. A cathode enclosure may be coupled with the electrolysis cell and provide an input gas flow and receive the output gas flow. A first electrolysis cell may be utilized to reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in an output flow that is directed to a second electrolysis cell, that reduces the concentration of oxygen. The oxygen and/or carbon dioxide may be vented from the system and used for an auxiliary purpose. An electrolyte solution may be configured in a loop from a reservoir to the anode, to provide a flow of electrolyte solution to the anode. Moisture from the cathode may be collected and provided to the anode.

The invention relates to a process for the combined production of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon mixture, in which the residual gas of a PSA H.sub.2 (12) is separated by permeation in order to reduce the hydrocarbon content thereof and the hydrocarbon-purified gas is separated at a low temperature to produce a carbon dioxide-rich liquid (22).

Methods and systems to achieve clean fuel processing systems in which carbon dioxide emissions (1) from sources (2) may be processed in at least one processing reactor (4) containing a plurality of chemoautotrophic bacteria (5) which can convert the carbon dioxide emissions into biomass (6) which may then be used for various products (21) such as biofuels, fertilizer, feedstock, or the like. Sulfate reducing bacteria (13) may be used to supply sulfur containing compounds to the chemoautotrophic bacteria (5).

A method for preparing a ceramic composition while simultaneously reducing the quantity of carbon dioxide from municipal solid waste that would discharge into environment includes decomposing the municipal solid waste to generate a carbon dioxide-water vapor mixture, providing a matrix, the matrix containing a reactant; and contacting the carbon dioxide-water vapor mixture with the matrix to promote a reaction between the carbon dioxide of the carbon dioxide-water vapor mixture and the reactant of the matrix. The reaction forms a product, thereby producing the ceramic composition.

Methods of preparing and using a metal-organic framework (MOF) are provided herein, including methods of using an MOF comprising a repeat unit of the formula [ML].sub.n, wherein M is a divalent metal ion and L is a ligand of the formula: ##STR00001##
The MOFs provided herein may be used in the separation of two or more molecules from each other. In some embodiments, the molecules are ethylene and ethane. In some embodiments, UTSA-280 may be synthesized from calcium oxide (CaO) or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH).sub.2) and squaric acid (SA) through mechanochemical synthesis.

Disclosed is an absorbent containing an amine for absorption of an acid gas in a biogas, and a biogas purification system using the same.

Multi-fiber, fiber optic cable assemblies may be configured so that the terminal ends of the cables have pre-assembled back-post assemblies that include pre-assembled ferrules, such as MPO ferrules that meet the requisite tolerances needed for fiber optic transmissions. To protect the pre-assembled components from damage prior to and during installation, pre-assembled components may be enclosed within a protective housing. The housing with pre-assembled components may be of a size smaller than fully assembled connectors so as to be sized to fit through a conduit. The remaining connector housing components for the multi-fiber connectors may be provided separately and may be configured to be attached to the back-post assembly after installation of the cable.