Embodiments of this application provide a power system. An output terminal of a power supply or a DC-to-DC unit is cascaded. In addition, according to the power system provided in embodiments of this application, a quantity of cables from the power supply or the DC-to-DC unit to the DC-to-AC unit may be further reduced by cascading an output terminal of the power supply or the DC-to-DC unit and cascading an input of the DC-to-AC unit.

A thermoelectric generator consists of circuits arranged in parallel rows, in which thermocouples in adjacent rows are facing each other by the same-named junctions, forming alternating narrow zones of hot and cold junctions. At least one of the layers is a layer of thermal energy thermocouples, the repeatability of the rows of circuits of which is two times less than the repeatability of the rows of circuits of thermocouples generating electricity. Hot and cold zones between the rows of thermocouple circuits of all layers of thermocouples generating electricity and hot and cold junctions of the rows of thermocouple circuits of thermal energy are superimposed, respectively, by tight contact on each other by junctions and substrates, ensuring internal heat exchange between them. In addition, the generator is provided with an external heat supply circuit to the hot zone area and a heat removal circuit from the cold zone area.

A rapidly deployable modular microgrid including a plurality of renewable and other energy generation technologies, energy storage technologies, energy distribution networks, and intelligent control systems capable of managing the flow of electrical energy between one or more locations of energy generation, storage, and consumption are disclosed. The aforementioned microgrid may be delivered and rapidly deployed to provide primary or secondary electricity for a variety of purposes; including but not limited to household electrification, commercial or industrial productivity, grid resiliency, water pumping, telecommunication systems, medical facilities, and disaster relief efforts.

A steam generator comprises: a pressure vessel; a gas inlet to the pressure vessel, arranged to receive hydrogen and oxygen under pressure; an ignition means within the pressure vessel, arranged to ignite hydrogen and oxygen received at the gas inlet; a water jacket in or on the pressure vessel; a water inlet arranged to receive water under pressure and feed it to the water jacket; a spray outlet within the pressure vessel; and a steam outlet for the outlet of steam from the pressure vessel. In use, water received at the water inlet passes along the water jacket to provide cooling of the pressure vessel and is output at the spray outlet to provide a water spray (and/or film) that mixes with the ignited hydrogen and oxygen to vaporize the water spray.

The disclosed technology includes methods of extracting geothermal energy, generally comprising the steps of: insertion of a thermal mass into a Heat Absorption Zone, absorbing heat in thermal mass, raising the thermal mass to a Heat Transfer Zone, and transferring the heat from the thermal mass. The acquired heat can be used to generate electricity or to drive an industrial process. The thermal mass can have internal chambers containing a liquid such as molten salt, and can also have structures facilitating heat exchange using a thermal exchange fluid, such as a gas or a glycol-based fluid. In some embodiments, two thermal masses are used as counterweights, reducing the energy consumed in bringing the heat in the thermal masses to the surface. In other embodiments, solid or molten salt can be directly supplied to a well shaft to acquire geothermal heat and returned to the surface in a closed loop system.

A method includes collecting energy resource data for the specific geographic location over a predetermined time period, calculating power curves and matrices for at least two energy technologies based on the collected energy resource data, estimating the potential of generated electric power over time of the at least two energy technologies based on the calculated power curves and matrices, the time period, and the characteristic parameters of each of the at least two energy technologies, simulating different base load and power variations based on the estimation of the potential generated electric power and different distribution of the electric power generation of the at least two energy technologies, identifying an optimal distribution of the at least two energy technologies by analyzing the base load and power variations for each simulation, and choosing the distribution of the electric power generation with the highest base load and lowest power variation.

A method for controlling an electrical installation at least one of an electrical energy source or an energy sink. The electrical installation is coupled to a power grid. The method includes a period of time having a start time and a duration being specified, an upward flexibility Fo, which includes a forecast maximum feed-in power increase or feed-out power decrease, and a downward flexibility Fu, which includes a forecast maximum feed-out power increase or feed-in power decrease, being set for the period of time, a selling threshold price Pv and a purchasing threshold price Pe being set for the period of time, and an electricity trading transaction being concluded for the period of time. The electricity trading transaction includes a base value, a base quantity, a base price, a date on which the electricity trading transaction is to be carried out.

A structure, system, and method directed to building dwellings, shopping areas, government offices, towns, factories, hospitals and the like on the moon. The structure, system, and method utilize horizontal hole cavities on the moon such that dwellings, shopping areas, factories, government offices, towns, unmanned robot devices, and the like are placed in the horizontal hole cavities where cosmic rays and ultraviolet are not directly incident. Additionally, vertical hole cavities are utilized for building elevators and stairs. In addition, pipes supplying oxygen produced by photosynthesis devices on the moon's surface and carbon dioxide produced by humans in the cavity are used as conduits.

In one aspect, a method to determine a capacity of a microgrid includes applying a current test load to the microgrid and measuring a current through an energy storage device, the current indicating a charging status of the energy storage device based on a current load being applied to the microgrid through activated power outlets being served by the microgrid and the current test load, the energy storage device being integrated with the microgrid. The method also includes, responsive to a determination that the measured current based on the current load being applied to the microgrid and the current test load indicates that the energy storage device is discharging, determining the capacity of the microgrid, wherein the capacity is the current load being applied to the microgrid through activated power outlets and a test load applied to the microgrid immediately preceding the current test load.

Different systems to achieve solar power conversion are provided in at least three different general aspects, with circuitry that can be used to harvest maximum power from a solar source (1) or strings of panels (11) for DC or AC use, perhaps for transfer to a power grid (10) three aspects can exist perhaps independently and relate to: 1) electrical power conversion in a multimodal manner, 2) alternating between differing processes such as by an alternative mode photovoltaic power converter functionality control (27), and 3) systems that can achieve efficiencies in conversion that are extraordinarily high compared to traditional through substantially power isomorphic photovoltaic DC-DC power conversion capability that can achieve 99.2% efficiency or even only wire transmission losses. Switchmode impedance conversion circuits may have pairs of photovoltaic power series switch elements (24) and pairs of photovoltaic power shunt switch elements (25).