The invention proposes a method comprising (i) using a lignocellulosic raw material based process for production of synthetic gas; (ii) introducing the syngas to a Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalytic synthesis (FTS) process and generating Fischer-Tropsch products, wherein the synthetic gas production process comprises the steps a) extracting lignins and hemicelluloses by putting solid lignocellulosic raw material in contact with a mixture composed of at least water and formic acid, at atmospheric pressure under temperature between 80° C. and 110° C., b) fractionating the obtained primary solid fraction (PSF) and primary liquid fraction (PLF); c) recovering and obtaining an intermediate liquid fraction (ILF); d) separating the lignins; e) gasifying at least part of said primary solid fraction (PSF) for producing synthetic gas.

Disclosed is a hydrocarbon composition containing isomerised paraffins having specific cut-off points in a distillation curve, a density from 768.0 to 772.0 and an average carbon number of 14.3 to 15.1. The hydrocarbon composition can be used as a fuel or fuel component, especially a jet fuel. Disclosed is also a method to produce a hydrocarbon composition. The isomerised paraffins in the hydrocarbon composition can be from a renewable source.

A reformer assembly for a fuel cell includes a vortex tube receiving heated fuel mixed with steam. A catalyst coats the inner wall of the main tube of the vortex tube and a hydrogen-permeable tube is positioned in the middle of the main tube coaxially with the main tube.

An adsorption material is disclosed that comprises a metal-organic framework and a plurality of ligands. The metal-organic framework comprising a plurality of metal ions. Each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands is amine appended to a respective metal ion in the plurality of metal ions of the metal-organic framework. Each respective ligand in the plurality of ligands comprises a substituted 1,3-propanediamine. The adsorbent has a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of greater than 2.50 mmol/g at 150 mbar CO.sub.2 at 40° C. Moreover, the adsorbent is configured to regenerate at less than 120° C. An example ligand is diamine 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine. An example of the metal-organic framework is Mg.sub.2(dobpdc), where dobpdc.sup.4− is 4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate. Example applications for the adsorption material are removal of carbon dioxide from flue gas and biogasses.

Processes for the production of hydrocarbons from a renewable feedstock in which the renewable feedstock is partially hydrogenated prior to being deoxygenated. The partially hydrogenation utilizes a lower pressure, lower purity or both hydrogen gas compared to the deoxygenation. The partially hydrogenated product may be stored in containers and transported to be deoxygenated. Prior to partially hydrogenation, the feedstock may be pretreated. After deoxygenation an isomerization zone may be used to increase the cold flow properties for a diesel fuel.

The present technology provides compositions that include at least about 98 weight percent (“wt %”) n-paraffins which, among other surprising features, may be suitable for use as a diesel fuel, an aviation fuel, a jet fuel blendstock, a blendstock to reduce the cloud point of a diesel fuel, a fuel for portable heaters, and/or as a charcoal lighter fluid. The composition includes at least about 98 wt % C.sub.7-C.sub.12 n-paraffins, where at least about 10 wt % of composition includes n-decane, at least about 20 wt % of the composition includes n-dodecane, and at least about 75 wt % of the composition includes even carbon number paraffins. The composition also includes less about 0.1 wt % oxygenates and less than about 0.1 wt % aromatics. The composition may be produced by a process that includes hydrotreating a biorenewable feedstock comprising at least one of palm kernel oil, coconut oil, babassu oil, microbial oil, or algal oil.

The present invention relates to methods of processing lignocellulosic material to obtain hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose and other high-value products such as asphalt and bio oils. Also provided are hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose, and other high-value products such as asphalt and bio oils.

The present invention provides a novel cost efficient method for carbonizing lignocellulosic material to carbonized particles or agglomerates, preferably carbon powder. Also uses of said particles or agglomerates are disclosed.

A device powered by a method of heating a gas by directing X-rays at a mass of hafnium 178 to induce gamma rays. The gamma rays are directed at a heat exchanging apparatus, resulting in a stream of heated gas. This process powers a Hafnium gas turbine engine capable of providing shaft power or thrust to mechanical devices.

Embodiments include a method for converting renewable energy source electricity and a hydrocarbon feedstock into a liquid fuel by providing a source of renewable electrical energy in communication with a synthesis gas generation unit and an air separation unit. Oxygen from the air separation unit and a hydrocarbon feedstock is provided to the synthesis gas generation unit, thereby causing partial oxidation reactions in the synthesis gas generation unit in a process that converts the hydrocarbon feedstock into synthesis gas. The synthesis gas is then converted into a liquid fuel.