Disclosed are a touch sensor and a method of fabricating the same. An insulator of the touch sensor contains a polymer and has an array of vertically aligned nanowires structure. Therefore, the touch sensor can be easily changed in thickness, which facilitates change in electrostatic capacity, thereby increasing sensitivity of the touch sensor. In addition, the present invention can simplify an existing complicated process of fabricating a touch sensor.

A fast algorithm is used to study the transient behavior due to the step-like pulse. This algorithm consists of two parts: The algorithm I reduces the computational complexity to T.sup.0N.sup.3 for large systems as long as T<N; The algorithm II employs the fast multipole technique and achieves scaling T.sup.0N.sup.3whenever T<N.sup.2 beyond which it becomes T log.sub.2 N for even longer time. Hence it is of order O(1) if T<N.sup.2. Benchmark calculation has been done on graphene nanoribbons with N=10.sup.4 and T=10.sup.8. This new algorithm allows many large scale transient problems to be solved, including magnetic tunneling junctions and ferroelectric tunneling junctions that could not be achieved before.

A fast algorithm is used to study the transient behavior due to a step-like pulse applied to a nano-chip. This algorithm is carried out on a computer and consists of two parts: The algorithm I reduces the computational complexity to T.sup.0N.sup.3 for large systems as long as T<N; The algorithm II employs the fast multipole technique and achieves scaling T.sup.0N.sup.3 whenever T<N.sup.2 beyond which it becomes T log.sub.2 N for even longer time. Hence it is of order O(1) if T<N.sup.2. Benchmark calculation has been done on graphene nanoribbons with N=10.sup.4 and T=10.sup.8. This new algorithm allows many large scale transient problems to be solved, including magnetic tunneling junctions and ferroelectric tunneling junctions that could not be achieved before, and using less computing capacity.