A formed web comprising discrete three-dimensional elements formed therein, wherein at least some of the discrete three-dimensional elements comprise chads with corresponding apertures, wherein the aperture has a perimeter, wherein the chad has a length, wherein the chads are attached along a portion of the aperture perimeter which forms a connection segment, wherein the connection segment is less than about 50% of the entire aperture perimeter, and wherein the web comprises a film.

A film for conveying in an industrial process, industrial fabrics made from the film, and methods of manufacture. The film has a plurality of protrusions separated by land areas. Each protrusion comprises a top member having opposing lateral edges and is supported by opposed compression resistant first and second end walls, which with at least one of the lateral edges define an aperture extending through the film to provide a flow path. The base edge of each end wall has a configuration selected from at least one of the base edge being convexly curved away from the protrusion body; and each end wall extending below at least a part of each of the first and second lateral edges and being connected to each of the first and second lateral edges. The film structure provides physical properties equivalent to a woven fabric, with improved strength, stability and compression resistance.

An air-permeable cover includes a substrate having a plurality of holes. The substrate has a first surface on which one end of each of the plurality of holes is open, and the first surface has a plurality of first protruding portions. The plurality of first protruding portions is arranged in regions between the plurality of holes on the first surface in accordance with an arrangement of the plurality of holes.

According to some illustrative embodiments, a protective product is provided that includes: at least one expandable slit paper sheet, said at least on expandable slit paper being expanded between opposing ends of said slit paper; a first embossed paper sheet facing said expanded slit paper sheet and a second paper sheet facing an opposite side of said at least one expanded slit paper sheet, at least one of said first embossed paper sheet and said second paper sheet being fixed to said expanded slit paper sheet at the opposing ends of said expanded slit paper sheet and thereby maintaining said expanded paper in its expanded state, said first embossed paper sheet having a plurality of embossings that increase the rigidity of said embossed paper sheet, whereby inhibiting deformation of said embossed paper sheet that is fixed to said expanded slit sheet paper.

A corrugated alternate displacement cushion may be formed from a corrugated cardboard sheet having cutout rows of cutout sections that are spaced in the transverse direction across the corrugated cardboard sheet and separated by corresponding lands. The cutout sections of adjacent cutout rows do not overlap in the transverse direction. When the corrugated cardboard sheet is folded up around transverse creases, inner and outer sides of the cutout sections may be covered by lands of other cutout rows such that air pockets defined by the cutout sections are formed within the corrugated alternate displacement cushion.

A hierarchical sandwich core in the form of a honeycomb, i.e. having repetitive and periodic lattice materials. The sandwich core can be made up of a macroscopic honeycomb structure with sandwich cell walls having a mesoscopic cellular core. The longitudinal axis of cells of the mesoscopic honeycomb cell can be perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cells of the macroscopic honeycomb structure. Alternatively, if a foam core is used having mesoscopic cells the shape of the mesoscopic cells can be made during the foaming process so that they are elongate in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cells of the macroscopic honeycomb structure.

To provide a railway wheel which is excellent in corrosion fatigue resistance. The railway wheel according to the present embodiment has a chemical composition consisting of: in mass %, C: 0.65 to 0.80%, Si: 0.10 to 1.0%, Mn: 0.10 to 1.0%, P: not more than 0.030%, S: not more than 0.030%, Cr: 0.05 to 0.20%, Sn: 0.005 to 0.50%, Al: 0.010 to 0.050%, N: 0.0020 to 0.015%, Cu: 0 to 0.20%, Ni: 0 to 0.20%, Mo: 0 to 0.20%, V: 0 to 0.20%, Nb: 0 to 0.030%, and Ti: 0 to 0.030%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. A plate portion has a matrix structure composed of pearlite.

A method of manufacturing an activated composite web includes laminating a film layer to a nonwoven web to form a composite web, forming a plurality of apertured protuberances in the film layer, and passing the composite web through intermeshing elements to form an activated composite web. The intermeshing elements form a plurality of first lanes, with first widths, substantially unaffected by activation, and a plurality of second lanes, with second widths. The second widths are less than the first widths. Portions of the plurality of apertured protuberances define first apertures in the first lanes and second apertures in the second lanes. The cross-sections of the second apertures are larger than the first apertures. The first apertures have their major axes substantially aligned in the first direction while the second apertures have their major axis substantially aligned in the second direction. An activated composite web also is provided.

Provided is a composite (A) including a metal plate (B) and a reinforcing member (C) that is made of a resin. The metal plate (B) includes a joint portion (2) that is continuous with one end of a body portion (1), a hole that is formed through the body portion (1) in a thickness direction of the body portion (1) in the proximity of the joint portion (2), and a guide portion provided around the hole. The reinforcing member (C) continuously includes a main portion (5), a coupling portion (6) formed in the hole (3), and a locking portion (7) that is held in close contact with a surface on another side of the body portion (1). The guide portion (4) is at least one of a protruding portion provided on at least one of a rear side and a lateral side relative to the hole (3) in a direction from the body portion (1) to the joint portion (2), and a recessed portion extended from a front side relative to the hole (3) to the hole (3) in the direction from the body portion to the joint portion. In insert molding of the composite (A), a molten resin is introduced preferentially into the hole (3). With this, the joint portion (2) is formed reliably in good condition free from adhesion of the resin.

A composite panel having a plurality of carbon plies, a perforated metallic foil comprising several apertures and being secured to the plurality of carbon plies, and a protective layer made from resin secured to the metallic foil. The perforated metallic foil is embedded in the protective layer through its apertures. A free surface of the protective layer forms a top side of the composite panel. The thickness of the protective layer between the top side of the composite panel and the perforated metallic foil is at least 15 micrometers and the perforated metallic foil has a thickness of not more than 30 micrometers. The plurality of apertures in the aggregate defines an open area of not more than 40% of the surface area and a maximum distance between two opposed points in a perimeter of an aperture is equal to or less than 3 mm