An object is to provide a polyamic acid resin composition that can form a varnish with a low viscosity and serves to produce, through curing, coat film with good mechanical characteristics. Another object is to provide a polyamic acid resin composition in which the acid anhydride terminal group is low in reactivity with diamine and which can give a varnish that does not suffer significant precipitation of diamine. These objects can be met by a polyamic acid resin composition that contains: (a) polyamic acid and (b) a compound as represented by chemical formula (1). (In Chemical formula (1), Z is a di- or higher-valent organic group containing 2 or more carbon atoms, V is a structure as represented by chemical formula (2), and k is an integer of 2 or more.) (In In Chemical formula (2), δ represents oxygen or sulfur atom and W represents an electron-withdrawing group, and R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 represent independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

Objects of the present invention are: to obtain a polyimide that is excellent in heat resistance, transparency, and optical isotropy and is soluble in an organic solvent; to provide, by using either a polyimide or a polyamic acid which is a precursor or the polyimide, a product or a member that is highly required to have heat resistance and transparency; and particularly to provide a product and a member both of which are obtained by applying a polyamic acid solution and a polyimide solution of the present invention to the surface of an inorganic substance such as glass, metal, metal oxide, or a single crystal silicon. These objects can be attained by a polyimide acid and a polyimide which are each prepared from an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a monomer having a fluorene structure.

The present invention provides a method of forming N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-functionalized paracyclophane. The present method is carried out by adding 4-carboxyl-paracyclophane into N,N′-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) to form N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-functionalized paracyclophane. The present invention further provides a chemical film on a substrate and a method of forming the same, wherein the chemical film includes N-hydroxysuccinimide ester-functionalized poly-para-xylylene.

The invention provides protein adhesives and methods of making and using such adhesives. One type of protein adhesive described herein contains lignin and ground plant meal or an isolated polypeptide composition obtained from plant biomass. Other types of protein adhesives described herein contain a plant protein composition and either a hydroxyaromatic/aldehyde, urea/aldehyde, or amine/aldehyde component.

Coated pharmaceutical packages may comprise a glass body formed from a borosilicate glass composition having a Type 1 chemical durability according to USP 660, the glass body having an interior surface and an exterior surface and a wall extending therebetween. A low-friction thermally stable coating having a thickness of ≤1 μm may be positioned on at least a portion of the exterior surface. The low-friction coating may comprise a silane. The portion of the exterior surface of the coated pharmaceutical package may have a coefficient of friction that is at least 20% less than an uncoated pharmaceutical package formed from the same borosilicate glass composition.

Coated pharmaceutical packages are disclosed. The coated pharmaceutical packages may include a glass body formed from one of a borosilicate glass composition that meets Type 1 criteria according to USP <660> or an alkali aluminosilicate glass having a Class HGA 1 hydrolytic resistance when tested according to the ISO 720-1985 testing standard. A low-friction coating may be positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body the low-friction coating may include a polymer and a coupling agent disposed between the polymer and the first surface of the glass body. A coefficient of friction of the portion of the coated pharmaceutical package with the low-friction coating is at least 20% less than a coefficient of friction of a surface of an uncoated pharmaceutical package formed from the same glass composition.

Coated pharmaceutical packages may comprise a glass body formed from a borosilicate glass composition having a Type 1 chemical durability according to USP 660, the glass body having an interior surface and an exterior surface and a wall extending therebetween. A low-friction thermally stable coating having a thickness of ≤1 μm may be positioned on at least a portion of the exterior surface. The low-friction coating may comprise a silane. The portion of the exterior surface of the coated pharmaceutical package may have a coefficient of friction that is at least 20% less than an uncoated pharmaceutical package formed from the same borosilicate glass composition.

A class of solvent resistant, flexible copolyimide substrates having high optical transparency (>80% from 400 to 750 nm) that is retained after brief exposure to 300° C., near-zero birefringence (<0.001) and a maximum CTE of approximately 60 ppm/° C. is disclosed. The copolyimides are prepared from alicyclic dianhydrides, aromatic cardo diamines, and aromatic diamines containing free carboxyl groups. The substrates are manufactured from solutions of the copolyimides containing multifunctional epoxides in the form of single layer films, multilayer laminates and glass fiber reinforced composite films. The substrates can be used in the construction of flexible optical displays, and other microelectronic and photovoltaic devices that require their unique combination of properties.

A flexible substrate with a high optical transparency (>80% from 400 to 750 nm) that is retained after exposure to 300° C., near-zero birefringence (<±0.001), and a relatively low CTE (<60 ppm/° C.) is disclosed. The substrate may be manufactured as single layer, polyimide films and as a multi-layer laminate comprising a polyimide layer and a thin glass layer. The polyimides may include alicyclic dianhydrides and aromatic, cardo diamines. The films formed of the polyimides can serve as flexible substrates for optical displays and other applications that require their unique combination of properties.

Coated pharmaceutical packages are disclosed. The coated pharmaceutical packages may include a glass body comprising a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface. The glass body may be a glass container formed from a borosilicate glass composition and the first surface is an exterior surface of the glass container. A low-friction coating may be positioned on at least a portion of the first surface of the glass body. In embodiments, the low-friction coating may be a fluoropolymer.