To provide an anti-cancer agent sensitivity determination marker, which marker can determine whether or not the patient has a therapeutic response to the anti-cancer agent, and novel cancer therapeutic means employing the marker. The anti-cancer agent sensitivity determination marker, the anti-cancer agent including oxaliplatin or a salt thereof and fluorouracil or a salt thereof, contains one or more substances selected from among an amino-acid-metabolism-related substance, a nucleic-acid-metabolism-related substance, a substance in the pentose phosphate pathway, a substance in the glycolytic pathway, a substance in the TCA cycle, a polyamine-metabolism-related substance, 7,8-dihydrobiopterin, 6-phosphogluconic acid, butyric acid, triethanolamine, 1-methylnicotinamide, NADH, NAD.sup.+, and a substance involved in the metabolism of any of these substances.

A method uses an Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC) surfactant based bio film that reacts with a material in a known manner, and a device that utilizes such a biofilm, to detect material of interest is provided. The principles of the present invention are particularly useful in detecting/measuring a material.

This invention relates to the preparation of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“glyphosate”) from N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (“PMIDA”), and more particularly to methods for control of the conversion of PMIDA, for the identification of reaction end points relating to PMIDA conversion and the preparation of glyphosate products having controlled PMIDA content.

The present invention relates to method for the direct detection and/or quantification of at least one compound with a molecular weight of at least 200, wherein the compound to be detected and/or quantified is a chemically complex molecule, wherein said chemically complex molecule is substituted with at least two groups R, wherein each R group means independently —OH, —OP(O)(OH)2 or —P(O)(OH)2, with the proviso that at least two R are independently selected from —P(O)(OH)2 and —OP(O)(OH)2, wherein the compound or compounds to be detected and/or quantified are within a biological matrix, wherein said biological matrix is a biological fluid, a biological tissue, stomach contents, intestine contents, stool sample or a culture cells, wherein the method comprises performing a chromatography and identifying the retention time and/or the intensity of the signal by means of a mass or radioactivity detector.

The present invention relates to method for the direct detection and/or quantification of at least one compound with a molecular weight of at least 200, wherein the compound to be detected and/or quantified is a chemically complex molecule, wherein said chemically complex molecule is substituted with at least two groups R, wherein each R group means independently —OH, —OP(O)(OH)2 or —P(O)(OH)2, with the proviso that at least two R are independently selected from —P(O)(OH)2 and —OP(O)(OH)2, wherein the compound or compounds to be detected and/or quantified are within a biological matrix, wherein said biological matrix is a biological fluid, a biological tissue, stomach contents, intestine contents, stool sample or a culture cells, wherein the method comprises performing a chromatography and identifying the retention time and/or the intensity of the signal by means of a mass or radioactivity detector.

This invention relates to the preparation of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“glyphosate”) from N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (“PMIDA”), and more particularly to methods for control of the conversion of PMIDA, for the identification of reaction end points relating to PMIDA conversion and the preparation of glyphosate products having controlled PMIDA content.

This invention relates to the preparation of N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (“glyphosate”) from N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (“PMIDA”), and more particularly to methods for control of the conversion of PMIDA, for the identification of reaction end points relating to PMIDA conversion and the preparation of glyphosate products having controlled PMIDA content. One such method involves obtaining a series of Fourier transform infrared (“FTIR”) analyses of the PMIDA content of the aqueous reaction medium or a sample thereof during the course of the reaction. From a plurality of FTIR analyses, a projection is made of the batch reaction time or continuous oxidation residence time within the oxidation reaction zone at which a target conversion or end point may be anticipated to be attained or is attained.

Biomarkers of pancreatic cancer are described, as well as methods using these compounds for detecting pancreatic cancer. The methods can be used to diagnose a patient's health state, or change in health state, or for diagnosing risk of developing or the presence of pancreatic cancer. The method comprises analyzing a sample from a patient to obtain quantifying data for one or more than one of the metabolite markers; comparing the quantifying data to corresponding data obtained for one or more than one reference sample to identify abnormalities in the level of the metabolite marker(s) in the sample; and making a diagnosis if an abnormality is observed. Standards and kits for carrying out the method are also described.

Biomarkers of pancreatic cancer are described, as well as methods using these compounds for detecting pancreatic cancer. The methods can be used to diagnose a patient's health state, or change in health state, or for diagnosing risk of developing or the presence of pancreatic cancer. The method comprises analyzing a sample from a patient to obtain quantifying data for one or more than one of the metabolite markers; comparing the quantifying data to corresponding data obtained for one or more than one reference sample to identify abnormalities in the level of the metabolite marker(s) in the sample; and making a diagnosis if an abnormality is observed. Standards and kits for carrying out the method are also described.

The present disclosure is directed to methods and systems for detecting a chemical substance. The methods and systems include chemically modifying a sample of a substance of interest through combination with a reagent to increase the volatility of the substance of interest. The systems and methods further include performing an analysis of the substance of interest.