The present invention discloses a method for enhancing the recovery factor of heavy oil by in-situ oil-water emulsion with high phase inversion point, and the method is aimed at the development of heavy oil reservoir by water injection under the condition that the performance parameters of crude oil emulsion meet the following three specific requirements: (A) The viscosity of the crude oil is less than 6,000 mPa.Math.s; (B) At the reservoir temperature, the phase inversion point of the crude oil emulsion is greater than or equal to 70%, and the emulsion viscosity corresponding to the phase inversion point is 2-6 times of the crude oil viscosity; (C) At the reservoir temperature, when the water cut is less than or equal to the phase inversion point, the flow rate ratio of crude oil emulsion to crude oil is 0.2 to 0.9.

The present invention provides a method for monitoring precipitation of at least one wax component from a hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream during the flow of said fluid stream through a fluid transport system having at least one in-flow point and at least one out-flow point. The method comprises: i) introducing at least one labelled wax into said hydrocarbon-containing fluid stream at at least one in-flow point; and ii) measuring the relative or absolute concentration of said labelled wax in at least one sample taken at at least one out-flow point. The method may comprise sampling and analysing wax components from the hydrocarbon-containing fluid, identifying suitable wax components and generating labelled waxed based upon such components. Methods of generating labelled waxes and their uses are provided, along with corresponding methods for asphaltenes.

A sensor can include a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region including a conductive material and an alkene-interacting metal complex.

Systems and methods are provided for authenticating working fluids. The systems and methods include exposing at least a portion of a working fluid containing a UV-reactive chemical marker to light having wavelengths in the range of about 10-400 nm, thereby causing the chemical marker to generate a signal. The signal can be detected via a sensor system and compared to a reference signal that is associated with an authentic working fluid. An output may be generated to indicate whether the working fluid is the authentic working fluid.

Technologies are generally described for gas filtration and detection devices. Example devices may include a graphene membrane and a sensing device. The graphene membrane may be perforated with a plurality of discrete pores having a size-selective to enable one or more molecules to pass through the pores. A sensing device may be attached to a supporting permeable substrate and coupled with the graphene membrane. A fluid mixture including two or more molecules may be exposed to the graphene membrane. Molecules having a smaller diameter than the discrete pores may be directed through the graphene pores, and may be detected by the sensing device. Molecules having a larger size than the discrete pores may be prevented from crossing the graphene membrane. The sensing device may be configured to identify a presence of a selected molecule within the mixture without interference from contaminating factors.

The present invention discloses a method for enhancing the recovery factor of heavy oil by in-situ oil-water emulsion with high phase inversion point, and the method is aimed at the development of heavy oil reservoir by water injection under the condition that the performance parameters of crude oil emulsion meet the following three specific requirements: (A) The viscosity of the crude oil is less than 6,000 mPa.Math.s; (B) At the reservoir temperature, the phase inversion point of the crude oil emulsion is greater than or equal to 70%, and the emulsion viscosity corresponding to the phase inversion point is 2-6 times of the crude oil viscosity; (C) At the reservoir temperature, when the water cut is less than or equal to the phase inversion point, the flow rate ratio of crude oil emulsion to crude oil is 0.2 to 0.9.

The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, and systems for identifying marked hydrocarbon fluids. These compositions, methods, and systems utilize a gas chromatography marker including a pyrrolidinone. The methods and systems can identify the presence or absence of the gas chromatography marker and/or the pyrrolidinone. The compositions, methods, and systems can optionally utilize a spectroscopic marker.

A sensor can include a conductive region in electrical communication with at least two electrodes, the conductive region including a conductive material and an alkene-interacting metal complex.

The present invention relates to methods for the identification of compounds in carbohydrate mixture compositions as well as the determination of carbohydrate mixture composition patterns, based on e.g. orthogonal cross determining migration time (indices) using capillary gel electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence and identifying said carbohydrate components based on comparing said migration time (indices) with standard migration time (indices) from a database which data are preferably also orthogonal cross determined. In a further aspect, the present invention relates to a method for carbohydrate mixture composition pattern profiling, like glycosylation pattern profiling using capillary gel electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CGE-LIF). In another aspect, the present invention refers to a system for an automated determination and/or identification of carbohydrates and/or carbohydrate mixture composition patterns (e.g.: glycosylation patterns). Finally, the present invention relates to a database containing e.g. orthogonal cross normalized migration times and/or migration time indices of carbohydrates.

The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, and systems for identifying marked hydrocarbon fluids. These compositions, methods, and systems utilize a gas chromatography marker including a pyrrolidinone. The methods and systems can identify the presence or absence of the gas chromatography marker and/or the pyrrolidinone. The compositions, methods, and systems can optionally utilize a spectroscopic marker.