CALIBRATION DEVICE

Abstract

Calibration device for a diagnostic device, the diagnostic device comprising a digital imaging device arranged to record an image of at least one sample container containing at least one biological sample. According to the invention, methods include of digitally imaging said at least one sample container, thus obtaining a first image processing the first image, thus obtaining a second image printing a representation of the second image onto a substrate by means of a printing method, thus obtaining the calibration device, wherein said processing of the first image comprises applying at least one transfer function to the first image. The invention further relates to a corresponding calibration device, and a method of calibrating a diagnostic device by means of the calibration device.

Claims

1-17. (canceled)

18. A method for manufacturing a calibration device for a diagnostic device comprising a digital imaging device arranged to record an image of at least one sample container, the method comprising the steps of: digitally imaging at least one sample container containing at least one biological sample to obtain a first image; processing the first image to obtain a second image, wherein the processing of the first image comprises applying at least one transfer function to the first image; and printing a representation of the second image onto a substrate to obtain a calibration device.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising: calculating the at least one transfer function such that a third image obtained by digitally imaging the calibration device with the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device substantially corresponds to an image of said at least one sample container obtained by digitally imaging said at least one sample container with the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising: computing at least a part of the at least one transfer function by: printing a testchart with known color values onto a test substrate; taking an image of the testchart with the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device, thereby obtaining a fourth image; and comparing the color values of the fourth image with the known color values of the testchart.

21. The method of claim 18, further comprising: obtaining the first image via the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device.

22. The method of claim 20, further comprising: obtaining the first image by a further digital imaging device that has substantially identical optics and a higher resolution relative to the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein said at least one transfer function comprises a transfer function compensating for a difference between the further digital imaging device and the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device.

24. The method of claim 18, further comprising: applying an adhesive layer and a substantially transparent sealing layer to the substrate, thereby encapsulating the representation of the second image printed onto the substrate.

25. The method of claim 18, wherein the step of printing the representation of the second image onto the substrate comprises printing the representation of the second image onto said substrate in color.

26. A calibration device for calibration of a diagnostic device that comprises a digital imaging device arranged to record an image of at least one biological sample, the calibration device comprising: a substrate; a printed layer printed on the substrate; and the printed layer comprising a printed representation of at least one sample container that contains at least one biological sample of known properties; and wherein said printed representation is arranged on the substrate such that an image of the calibration device taken with the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device substantially corresponds to another image of said at least one sample container that is obtained by digitally imaging said at least one sample container with the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device.

27. The Calibration device according to claim 26, further comprising: an adhesive layer applied onto at least the printed layer; and a substantially transparent sealing layer applied onto the adhesive layer.

28. The Calibration device according to claim 26, wherein the substrate is a substantially planar substrate.

29. The Calibration device according to claim 26, wherein the substrate is three-dimensional.

30. The Calibration device according to claim 26, wherein at least one of the sealing layer and the substrate is a state chosen from the group consisting of transparent, opaque and translucent.

31. The Calibration device according to claim 26, further comprising: at least one three-dimensional part arranged on an edge of the device.

32. The Calibration device according to claim 26, wherein said substrate comprises a nanoporous silica layer, the nanoporous layer comprising an attribute selected from the group consisting of: comprising nanoparticles having a diameter ranging between 5 and 20 nm; comprising a polymeric binder that has a weight ranging from 10% to 25% of a weight of a comparable silica polymeric binder; and comprising a dry thickness lower than 60 μm

33. The Calibration device according to claim 32, wherein the polymeric is polyvinyl-alcohol.

34. The Calibration device according to claim 32, wherein the dry thickness is between 10 μm and 40 μm.

35. A Method for calibrating a diagnostic device, the diagnostic device comprising a digital imaging device arranged to record an image of at least one biological sample, the method comprising the steps of: printing a layer on a substrate, wherein the printed layer comprises a printed representation of at least one sample container that contains at least one biological sample of known properties, and wherein said printed representation is arranged on the substrate such that an image of a calibration device taken with a digital imaging device of a diagnostic device substantially corresponds to another image of said at least one sample container that is obtained by digitally imaging said at least one sample container with the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device; imaging the calibration device with the digital imaging device of the diagnostic device, thus obtaining a calibration image; comparing the calibration image with said at least one biological sample of known properties.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the step of comparing the calibration image with said at least one biological sample of known properties comprises a step selected from the group consisting of: comparing the calibration image with said image of said at least one sample container containing at least one biological sample of known properties; and performing diagnostics on the calibration image to determine whether said known properties are correctly diagnosed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Further details of the invention will now be explained in reference to the following figures, which show:

[0028] FIG. 1: a schematic representation of a method of manufacturing a calibration device;

[0029] FIG. 2: a schematic representation of a method of calibrating a diagnostic device;

[0030] FIG. 3: a schematic representation of an embodiment of the structure of a calibration device;

[0031] FIG. 4: a representation of a calibration device provided with a three-dimensional part.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

[0032] FIG. 1 illustrates schematically a method of manufacturing a calibration device according to the invention.

[0033] Firstly, at least one biological sample 1 of known properties is introduced into at least one sample container 17, as is conventionally known. In this case, a bio-card of six sample containers 17 is illustrated. This biological sample 1 may e.g. comprise one or more blood samples of known blood group, treated with appropriate reagents. These reagents may cause coagulation, colour changes, and/or floating or settling out to varying degrees of the solid reaction products. These changes are typically determinant for diagnosing the known properties of the biological samples.

[0034] Subsequently, the sample containers 17 containing the biological samples 1 are digitally imaged, either by utilising a digital imaging device 2 such as a digital camera of a diagnostic device of the type for which the calibration device is intended, or by a separate digital camera. This imaging step results in a first image 3, which is a raw image of the sample containers 17.

[0035] The first image 1 is then processed by applying a transfer function f thereto as will be described below, thereby generating a second image 4.

[0036] Second image 4 is then printed onto a substrate 6 utilising a printing method, represented schematically by printer 5, thus obtaining calibration device 7 in its most basic form. Substrate 6 may be, for instance, paper, card, transparent film, or a three-dimensional substrate, and the printing method may be an inkjet, laser-printing, lithographic, or any other convenient method.

[0037] FIG. 2 illustrates a method of calibrating a diagnostic device according to the invention. Firstly, a calibration device 7 as described above is provided, which is then imaged with a digital imaging device 2 of a diagnostic device 10, thereby obtaining a calibration image 8. A diagnosis 9 is carried out upon the calibration image 8, to determine whether the known properties of the original biological samples 1 are correctly diagnosed. If not, the diagnostic device must be adjusted, or sent for repair. In short, the calibration device 7 of the invention merely replaces the actual biological samples for calibration of the diagnostic device.

[0038] The diagnosis 9 may alternatively or additionally comprise comparing the calibration image 8 with the first image 3. It allows to slightly adjust the calibration device to compensate a slight drift in its lighting or imaging hardware, or just to measure the drift from a photometric point of view rather than from a biological diagnostic point of view. In this case, a testchart with known colour values is preferably superimposed to the first image 3 in an area that does not contain any representation of a biological sample. The testchart eases the reading of a particular colour value for comparison with the desired output stemming from the first image 3.

[0039] Typically, the diagnostic device is arranged to generate a result among N possible results. If the calibration device comprises representations of clear examples of the known properties to be calibrated among the N possible results, the calibration is binary: either the diagnostic device correctly diagnoses each sample, or fails for one or more possible results. Advantageously, the calibration device can furthermore comprise representations of biological samples that are close to the decision boundary, i.e. that exhibit a property less strongly, and thus could possibly be diagnosed in more than one of the N classes. By using such a representation close to the decision boundary, or by using several representations of properties crossing the decision boundary, a slight degradation in the performance of the diagnostic device can be identified, since the properties of the original biological samples will be misdiagnosed first for the representations close to the decision boundary.

[0040] Alternatively, to detect a slight degradation of the diagnostic device, an intermediate representation of the diagnostic may be used. Typically, a diagnostic device is computing one or several parameters from the image, each resulting in a score. These scores are then categorised into said N classes. Instead of comparing the categorised score resulting from processing the image 8 from the calibration device, the calibration method may compare the score computed from first image 3 or calibration image 8 at the time when the diagnostic device is running according to specifications, with the scores computed from image 8 at a later time. In this way, the degradation of the diagnostic device can be detected before it gets to the stage in which misinterpretation of a calibration device 7 occurs. Since misinterpretation of calibration device 7 is thereby prevented, the diagnostic device still functions according to specifications, and thus can continue to be used in its daily function, but thanks to the detection of the degradation, a maintenance procedure can be scheduled on that device, and proper actions can be taken to avoid interrupting the business that relies on the diagnostic device.

[0041] It should thus be understood that calibration image 8 should substantially correspond to first image 3, within the system limitations and system tolerances. Since the printing method and indeed the material of the substrate 6 and any sealing layers (see below) applied thereto may alter the colours of the first image, this must be taken into account by applying the above-mentioned transfer function f to the first image so as to obtain the second image which, when printed and subsequently imaged by the digital imaging device 2 of the diagnostic device, will give a calibration image 8 substantially corresponding to first image 3.

[0042] Transfer function f can be calculated by printing a colour test chart comprising a set of colour patches with known RGB values (Cc) using the same above-mentioned printing method. These known RGB values are modified by the printing method and the materials of the substrate 6, and this modification can be determined by imaging the colour test chart in the diagnostic device 10, and comparing each of the measured RGB values (Ct) of the image of the colour test chart with the corresponding known RGB values. Such measurements can be effected using software that generates ICC profiles. From this comparison, a transfer function g: Cc Ct can be calculated, which can be inverted to give transfer function f, which can also be expressed as f: Ct Cc. To compute function f, two main steps are involved: The first step comprises selecting every colour value Cti of a regular and complete RGB grid, convert it to a given colour space, for example Lab, project this colour on the measured gamut, i.e. the envelope in said colour space defined by the totality of all Ct values, and obtaining colour Ctip. This step is called “gamut mapping”, and does only modify value Cti if Cti is outside said colour gamut. The second step comprises selecting the neighbouring colours of Ctip in the set of Ct measurements—expressed in said colour space—find a linear combination of Ct values that are approximately equal to value Ctip, and apply this linear combination to the values Cc that correspond to selected colours Ct, and obtain a value Cci. Transfer function f is embodied as a set of values f:Cti Cci. In the process of computing said linear combinations, a smoothness constraint may be applied to function f:Cti Cci. Transfer function f can be applied to the first image 3 e.g. in a commercial image editing package such as Adobe Photoshop®, so as to generate the second image 4. It should be further noted that, when calculating the transfer function g, the printed colour test chart should be printed in exactly the same manner as the calibration device 7, and the ink should be allowed to dry and stabilise before the RGB values of the test chart are measured.

[0043] In the case in which the resulting second image is of an unacceptably low resolution e.g.

[0044] due to lowpass filtering caused by both the lens and sensor of the digital imaging device 2 when producing the first image 3, resulting in an unacceptably low resolution calibration image 8 when the calibration device 7 is imaged by the lens and sensor of the digital imaging device 2 of the diagnostic device 10 thereby again being subjected to further lowpass filtering, the digital imaging device used for generating the first image 3 may have a higher resolution than the digital imaging device 2 of the diagnostic device 10. Such a higher resolution digital imaging device should ideally have optics exhibiting the same geometric projection properties as the digital imaging device 2 of the diagnostic device 10, but a higher resolution. Since the two digital imaging devices will not be identical, a transfer function h between the two digital imaging devices 2 must be calculated, e.g. by comparing RGB values of images of a colour test chart imaged by the higher resolution digital imaging device and of the same colour test chart imaged by digital imaging device of the diagnostic device 10. The inverse of function h must in consequence be applied to the said first image 3 taken by the higher resolution digital imaging device when calculating transfer function f above.

[0045] FIG. 3 illustrates schematically an embodiment of the cross-sectional structure of a calibration device 7 according to the invention.

[0046] In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, calibration device 7 comprises a structure 15, which in the present example is a sandwich structure. This structure comprises a substrate 11, upon which an ink layer 12 constituting a printed representation of the second image 4 is deposited. The substrate 11 may be for instance a 100 μm PET foil, which exhibits excellent transparency, excellent thermal and dimensional stability, and excellent ageing properties. This PET foil may be, for instance, coated with a substantially crack and defect free SiO.sub.2-based nano-porous layer, which exhibits excellent printing stability, transparency and resolution. This silica nanoporous layer is ideally composed of nanoparticles with a diameter ranging between 5 and 20 nm and a polymeric binder, preferably polyvinyl-alcohol with content in the 10-25 wt % range compared to silica. The dry thickness is ideally lower than 60 μm and preferably in the 10-40 μm range. This kind of silica nanoporous layers is fully compatible with pigmented inks which provide higher resolution and stability than fully dyed ones. For the printing, an Epson Stylus Pro® R3880 inkjet printer using pigment-based inks has proven suitable, since this printer exhibits a gamut large enough to print the required colours with the required degree of accuracy. The ink layer 12 is applied to the nano-porous layer, and after the ink has dried, and considered as part of the printing method, an adhesive layer 13 is applied, and a sealing layer 14 is applied thereto, e.g. using standard lamination equipment. Sealing layer 14 may, for instance, be a plastic card such as a sheet of polycarbonate, lending structural stability to the calibration device 7. Alternatively, glass may be used for sealing layer 14. However, if the substrate 11 exhibits sufficient structural stability on its own, sealing layer 14 may simply be a thin polymer foil.

[0047] In the case of a non-transparent calibration device 7, the ink layer 12 may be printed on matt paper or an opaque foil, and an appropriate sealing layer 14 may be adhered thereto.

[0048] Since the ink layer 12 is sealed by adhesive layer 13 and sealing layer 14, it is not exposed to oxygen or other chemicals which may accelerate deterioration and fading of the pigments in the ink. Ideally, an adhesive should be chosen for the adhesive layer 13 that does not interact with the pigments of the ink layer 12, to further avoid deterioration of the ink.

[0049] However, it should be noted that the structure of FIG. 3 is merely one example of a possible structure. If an ink with sufficient oxygen stability can be utilised, adhesive layer 13 and sealing layer 14 may be dispensed with entirely, and the ink layer 12 may be applied directly onto a transparent or nontransparent substrate 11, such as the above-mentioned PET foil, paper, card, or any other convenient material presenting the required printing properties.

[0050] Alternatively, substrate 11 may comprise three-dimensional structure, e.g. at least partially reflecting the shape of the at least one sample container 17. For instance, the ink layer 12 may be printed onto a flat surface of the substrate, the other surface being 3-D structured representing the profile of half of the thickness of the at least one sample container 17. Or, the ink layer 12 may be printed onto a 3-D structured substrate representing the entire profile of the at least one sample container 17.

[0051] Advantageously, the calibration device 7 may comprise an additional three-dimensional part 16 attached thereto, e.g. by adhesive, form-fitting, rivets, clips or similar, to an edge of the structure 15, as shown in FIG. 4. This three-dimensional part 16 is formed substantially as a flange, arranged substantially perpendicular to the plane of the structure 15, and assists in the handling of the calibration device 7 by automated diagnostic devices, by replicating the form of the equivalent part of the real sample containers 17 that the automated handling system manipulates. Three-dimensional part 16 may further comprise a protective aluminium foil for automatic identification and position detection.

[0052] Although the invention has been described in terms are specific embodiments, variations thereto are possible for the skilled person without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.