Wound dressing material comprising fibrillated accellular dermis matrix and biodegradeable polymer, and preparation method therefor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wound dressing material comprising a fibrillated acellular dermis matrix and a biodegradable polymer aqueous solution and, more specifically, to: a wound dressing material comprising 5-20 wt % of a fibrillated acellular dermis matrix, 0.5-5 wt % of a biodegradable polymer, and 75-94.5 wt % of water; and a preparation method therefor.

Claims

1. A wound dressing comprising 5 to 20% by weight of fiberized acellular dermal matrix, 0.5 to 5% by weight of biocompatible polymer and 75 to 94.5% by weight of water, wherein the fiberized acellular dermal matrix is prepared by pulverizing acellular dermal matrix with a cutting mill, the fiberized acellular dermal matrix is in the form of cotton, and the fiberized acellular dermal matrix has a fiber length of 200 to 1,000 μm, wherein the biocompatible polymer is gelatin, hyaluronic acid, collagen, poloxamer, or a mixture thereof, and wherein the wound dressing is in a dosage form of a paste.

2. The wound dressing according to claim 1, wherein the biocompatible polymer is gelatin.

3. The wound dressing according to claim 1, which has the viscosity of 10,000 to 20,000 cP.

4. The wound dressing according to claim 1, which comprises 8 to 12% by weight of fiberized acellular dermal matrix, 1 to 2% by weight of biocompatible polymer and 86 to 91% by weight of water.

5. A method for preparing a wound dressing which comprises: pulverizing acellular dermal matrix by using a cutting mill to obtain fiberized acellular dermal matrix; dissolving biocompatible polymer in water to obtain a biocompatible polymer aqueous solution; mixing the fiberized acellular dermal matrix and the biocompatible polymer aqueous solution to obtain a mixture comprising 5 to 20% by weight of fiberized acellular dermal matrix, 0.5 to 5% by weight of biocompatible polymer and 75 to 94.5% by weight of water; and sterilizing the mixture, wherein the fiberized acellular dermal matrix is in the form of cotton and has a fiber length of 200 to 1,000 μm, the biocompatible polymer is gelatin, hyaluronic acid, collagen, poloxamer, or a mixture thereof, and the wound dressing is in the form of a paste.

6. The method for preparing a wound dressing according to claim 5, wherein the acellular dermal matrix is prepared by a method comprising: a) removing epidermis of allograft skin; b) removing cells in dermis; c) mixing glycerol, propylene glycol and a basic solvent or solution; d) dissolving sucrose in the solution to a final concentration of 20 to 40% by weight to obtain a cryoprotectant; e) penetrating the cryoprotectant into the skin from which epidermis and cells in dermis are removed; and f) freeze-drying the cryoprotectant-penetrated skin.

7. The method for preparing a wound dressing according to claim 6, wherein the mixing ratio of glycerol, propylene glycol and the basic solvent or solution is 0.5˜2:0.5˜2:6˜10, based on weight.

8. The method for preparing a wound dressing according to claim 6, wherein the basic solvent or solution is selected from the group consisting of distilled water, normal saline, phosphate-buffered saline, Hank's balanced salt solution, Tris-buffered saline, N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-3-aminopropanesulfonic acid buffer, Bicine buffer, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer, N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid buffer, piperazine-N,N′- bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid) buffer, cacodylate buffer, 2-(N- morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid buffer, Minimum Essential Media, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Media, RPMI 1640, Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Media, Defined Keratinocyte-SFM without bovine pituitary extract, Keratinocyte-SFM with bovine pituitary extract, and a mixture thereof.

9. The method for preparing a wound dressing according to claim 5, wherein the biocompatible polymer is dissolved in water at the temperature of 50 to 70° C.

10. The method for preparing a wound dressing according to claim 5, wherein the sterilization is carried out by radiation sterilization.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a photograph of the fiberized acellular dermal matrix in the form of cotton.

(2) FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope photograph of the fiberized acellular dermal matrix in the form of cotton.

(3) FIG. 3 is a photograph of the wound dressing prepared by mixing the fiberized acellular dermal matrix and gelatin aqueous solution in the form of paste.

(4) FIG. 4 is a graph representing the change of body weight according to elapsed time in rats of each group of Experimental Example 3.

(5) FIG. 5 is a graph representing wound contraction percentage.

(6) FIG. 6 is optical microscope photographs of the tissues obtained after 6 weeks of wound healing with H&E staining and 100× magnification.

(7) FIG. 7 is optical microscope photographs of the tissues obtained after 6 weeks of wound healing with MT staining and 200× magnification.

(8) FIG. 8 is optical microscope photographs of the tissues obtained after 2 weeks of wound healing with CD31 immunostaining and 100× magnification.

(9) FIG. 9 is optical microscope photographs of the tissues obtained after 6 weeks of wound healing with CD31 immunostaining and 100× magnification.

(10) FIG. 10 is optical microscope photographs of the tissues obtained after 6 weeks of wound healing with Victoria blue staining and 100× magnification.

(11) FIG. 11 is optical microscope photographs of the tissues obtained after 6 weeks of wound healing with fibronectin immunostaining and 100× magnification.

(12) FIG. 12 is optical microscope photographs of the tissues obtained after 6 weeks of wound healing with laminin staining and 200× magnification.

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

(13) Hereinafter, the present invention is explained in more detail with the following examples. However, the following examples are only intended to facilitate understanding of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.

(14) Because human skin tissue harvested from a donor (cadaver) is prohibited from being used in an experiment, pig skin—which is the closest to human skin—is used for preparing samples according to the method of the following Example.

Example

(15) (1) Pig skin was washed with saline solution.

(16) (2) The pig skin was cut at the size of 5×10 cm.sup.2.

(17) (3) The pig skin was immersed in 1M NaCl (Sigma, USA) solution.

(18) (4) A 38° C. incubator (P-039, CoreTech, Korea) was prepared.

(19) (5) The reaction of the pig skin immersed in 1M NaCl (Sigma, USA) solution was carried out in the 38° C. incubator (P-039, CoreTech, Korea) with stirring for about 6 to 24 hours.

(20) (6) Epidermis was removed by using forceps.

(21) (7) The dermis from which the epidermis has been removed was washed with phosphate-buffered saline.

(22) (8) The washed dermis was immersed in 0.5% SDS and reacted with stirring at room temperature for 1 hour to remove cells from the dermis.

(23) (9) The dermis from which cells have been removed was washed with phosphate-buffered saline.

(24) (10) Glycerol (Sigma. USA), propylene glycol (Sigma, USA) and phosphate-buffered saline (Gibco, USA) were mixed in the weight ratio of 1:1:8.

(25) (11) Sucrose (Sigma. USA) was added to the solution of step (10) as the final concentration of 30% by weight and dissolved to obtain a cryoprotectant.

(26) (12) A low-temperature bath (P-039. CoreTech, Korea) was set at 4° C.

(27) (13) The pig skin of step (9) was put in the 4° C. low-temperature bath, and then the cryoprotectant was penetrated into the pig skin for 12 hours.

(28) (14) The penetration-completed pig skin was put in a Tyvek bag (Korea C&S Co., Ltd., Korea).

(29) (15) A freezing dryer (Genesis 25XL, VirTis, USA) was prepared.

(30) (16) The Tyvek bag of step (14) was put in the freezing dryer and frozen to −70° C. at the rate of −1° C. per minute, and then dried under the vacuum of 5 torr for 24 hours to obtain a freeze-dried acellular dermal matrix.

(31) (17) The freeze-dried acellular dermal matrix was pulverized and fiberized by the use of a cutting mill (Pulverisette19, FRITSCH, Germany).

(32) (18) To 1.25 g of gelatin water was added to make 100 ml, and gelatin was dissolved at 60° C. to obtain a gelatin aqueous solution.

(33) (19) 11 g of the fiberized acellular dermal matrix of step (17) was mixed with 89 g of the gelatin aqueous solution of step (18) to prepare a paste.

(34) (20) The paste of step (19) was put into a syringe and double-packaged with a P.E.T tray and Tyvek bag, and sterilization was then carried out by e-beam irradiation.

Experimental Example 1: Measurement of Viscosity

(35) Measurement of viscosity was carried out by measuring the torque required to rotate a disk in a fluid according to a rotational viscometer test. The following method was repeated six (6) times, and the results are represented in Table 1.

(36) (1) To measure the viscosity at room temperature (25° C.), a rotational viscometer was set at 25° C. by the use of a circulator.

(37) (2) 1 ml of samples was put into the rotational viscometer, and a disk was rotated to measure the viscosity value due to the torque.

(38) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 No. Viscosity (cP) 1 15069.00 2 13024.58 3 16210.50 4 14671.25 5 13444.00 6 16396.00 Aver. 15158.15

Experimental Example 2: Measurement of Loss on Drying

(39) Loss on drying was measured by the following method, and the results are represented in Table 2.

(40) (1) Samples (about 1 g) were put into the weighing bottles, and the weights of initial weighing bottles and samples were measured.

(41) (2) After drying at 105° C. for 4 hours, the weights of the weighing bottles containing the samples were measured.

(42) (3) Loss on drying was determined with the weights of before and after drying by the use of the following equation.

(43) $\frac{a+b-c}{b}\times 100$

(44) a: initial weight of weighing bottle

(45) b: weight of sample

(46) c: weight of weighing bottle and sample after drying at 105° C. for 4 hours.

(47) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Measurement Lot Criteria C0002A1 C0003A1 C0004A1 Measured a 143.3997 144.9985 143.4826 143.5162 143.4552 144.3332 143.2802 143.9697 143.1487 value (g) b 1.0262 1.0084 1.0442 1.0327 1.0234 1.0259 0.9973 1.0273 1.0482 c 143.51 145.1852 143.6485 143.6344 143.5955 144.4665 143.4587 144.1157 143.3372 Result (%) 89.25 81.49 84.11 88.55 86.29 87.01 82.10 85.79 82.02

Experimental Example 3: Evaluation of Efficacy on Impaired Skin Regeneration

(48) According to the following Table 3, 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into each group. A collagen sponge was prepared by freeze-drying bovine collagen (Bioland, Korea) and using carbodiamide as a crosslinking agent, and Madecassol, a commercially available product (Dongkook Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Korea), was purchased. Experimentation was carried out at the SPF Laboratory Animal Center of Dongguk University Biomedi Campus.

(49) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Group Criteria Example Paste prepared in Example 1 ml Control 1 Madecassol 1 ml Control 2 Gelatin 1 ml Control 3 Collagen sponge (diameter: 20 mm) Positive Control Normal rat Negative Control Removal of whole layers of skin

(50) At 2 wounds of each rat, the Example and Controls were applied or grafted. To prevent loss of the graft, at the wound sites the primary dressing was carried out with Tegaderm™ (3M), and the secondary dressing was carried out with a compression bandage. For about 10 days when exudate was produced, dressings were changed every day.

(51) The body weight of each rat was measured, and the results are represented in FIG. 4. The difference of the body weight between normal rats of the Positive Control and experimental groups was within 20%, and so there was no change in the body weight due to operation and dressing.

3-1. Evaluation of Wound Contraction Percentage and Dermal Regeneration

(52) Wound areas were calculated by a Leopard program, and the results are represented in FIG. 5 as wound contraction percentages. In addition, those results as well as the results of dermal regeneration are represented in the following Table 4.

(53) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Negative Control Example Control 1 Control 2 Control 3 Wound 85% 50% 70-80% 80-85% 70% contraction Dermal ++ ++++ ++ ++ +++ regeneration

(54) As can be seen from the above results, the paste of the Example shows much better effect as compared with the control groups.

3-2. Histological Observation (H&E Staining and MT Staining)

(55) After 6-week experimentation, the animals were sacrificed, and the tissues including wound sites were removed. After 24-hour fixation in 10% neutral buffered formalin solution, the tissues impaired by burns were taken, dehydrated and embedded in paraffin. The tissues were sectioned at the thickness of 5 μm with a microtome and attached to slides. After deparaffinization and rehydration processes, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and Masson's trichrome (MT) staining were carried out.

(56) In the case of H&E staining, paraffin was removed from the tissue sections with xylene, and the tissue sections were rehydrated with 100, 90, 80, 70% ethanol and distilled water for 5 minutes each. After rinsing with distilled water, the tissues were used. After staining with Harris hematoxylin for 3 minutes, the tissues were rinsed with distilled water for 5 minutes. After washing, the tissues were stained with eosin for 5 minutes, dehydrated with 70, 80, 90, 100% ethanol and xylene, and mounted with Shandon Synthetic Mountant (Thermo Scientific, USA). In the case of MT staining, paraffin was removed from the tissue sections with xylene, and the tissue sections were rehydrated with 100, 90, 80, 70% ethanol and distilled water for 5 minutes each. After rinsing with distilled water, the tissues were used. After reaction with 60° C. Bouin's solution (IMEB, USA) for 1 hour, the tissues were rinsed with distilled water. After reaction and washing, the tissues were again treated with Biebrich scarlet-acid fuchsin, phosphomolybdic-phosphotungstic acid and aniline blue stain solution (IMEB, USA) for 5 minutes each, and rinsed with distilled water. The tissues were dehydrated with 70, 80, 90, 100% ethanol and xylene, and mounted with Shandon Synthetic Mountant (Thermo Scientific, USA).

(57) The results of H&E staining and MT staining are represented in FIGS. 6 and 7, respectively. From FIG. 6, it can be known that in the Example group although regeneration did not reach to the epidermal layer, new blood vessels, fibroblasts, monocytes and some macrophages were observed in the dermal layer. From FIG. 7, it can be known that because of initial regeneration of the dermis in the Example group, the regeneration of collagen fiber was thicker than in the other groups.

3-3. CD 31 Immunostaining

(58) In the process of healing skin damage, angiogenesis is important. As such, to evaluate angiogenesis, the results of CD 31 immunostaining of the tissues 2 weeks and 6 weeks after experimentation are represented in FIGS. 8 and 9, respectively.

(59) As can be seen from FIG. 8, in the tissues 2 weeks after experimentation angiogenesis was not observed in the Negative Control and Control 1 groups, but new blood vessels in brown were observed in the Control 2 and Control 3 groups, and many invasion of new blood vessels was observed in the Example group. As can be seen from FIG. 9, in the tissues 6 weeks after experimentation new blood vessels were not observed in other groups, but new blood vessels were still observed in the Example group. From this, it can be known that dermal regeneration was still progressing.

3-4. Victoria Blue Staining

(60) Formation of elastin—which has an important effect on elasticity of the skin—plays an important role in completeness of dermal regeneration. Accordingly, to observe elastin formation in dermis 6 weeks after wound healing, Victoria blue staining was carried out, and the results are represented in FIG. 10.

(61) As can be seen from FIG. 10, in the Positive Control group and Example group elastin in blue was observed, and weak expression of elastin was observed in the Control 3 group.

3-5. Fibronectin Immunostaining

(62) Fibronectin—which is extracellular matrix (ECM) having an important effect on elasticity of the skin—plays an important role in dermal regeneration. Accordingly, to observe fibronectin formation in dermis 6 weeks after wound healing, immunostaining was carried out, and the results are represented in FIG. 11.

(63) As can be seen from FIG. 11, in the Positive Control group and Example group fibronectin in brown was observed. However, in the Negative Control group and Control 1 group fibronectin was expressed very weakly.

3-6. Laminin Staining

(64) The basement membrane between dermis and epidermis is important extracellular matrix (ECM) in epidermal regeneration. If the regeneration of basement membrane is weak, skin diseases such as blister formation may occur. Accordingly, to observe the formation of basement membrane in dermis 6 weeks after wound healing, laminin staining was carried out, and the results are represented in FIG. 12.

(65) As can be seen from FIG. 12, in the Example group and Control 3 group laminin in brown was observed as similar with the Positive Control group, and in the Control 2 group much laminin was expressed in dermal layer other than the basement membrane. However, in the Negative Control group and Control 1 group laminin was expressed very weakly.