Anhydrous polymorphs of [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-(cyclopentylamino)-9H-purin-9-YL)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-YL)] methyl nitrate and processes of preparation thereof
09718853 · 2017-08-01
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
International classification
C07H19/20
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
C07H19/173
CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
Abstract
The present invention provides novel anhydrous polymorph forms of [(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-(cyclopentylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)]methyl nitrate (compound A), a selective adenosine A.sub.1 receptor agonist with a number of therapeutic uses including the treatment of elevated intra-ocular pressure. Also provided are methods for the preparation of the anhydrous polymorphic forms of compound A, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of treatment. ##STR00001##
Claims
1. An aqueous pharmaceutical composition formulated for ophthalmic administration comprising a suspension of polymorph A2 of compound A, [2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(6-(cyclopentylamino)-9H-purin-9-yl)-3,4-dihydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-yl)]methyl nitrate: ##STR00006## having the following crystal data, C.sub.15H.sub.20N.sub.6O.sub.6; Mr=380.37; Orthorhombic crystal system; P2.sub.12.sub.12.sub.1 space group; a=5.51796(17) Å; b=7.14615(29) Å; c=42.9738(29) Å and V=1694.55(14) Å.sup.3; a surfactant and a preservative, wherein the aqueous pharmaceutical composition is at least about 75% free of other polymorphic forms of compound A.
2. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 that is at least about 80% free of other solid forms of compound A.
3. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 that is at least about 90% free of other solid forms of compound A.
4. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 that is at least about 95% free of other solid forms of compound A.
5. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 that is at least about 99% free of other solid forms of compound A.
6. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 that is 100% free of other solid forms of compound A.
7. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the surfactant is selected from the group consisting of polysorbate 80, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 20, polyoxyl 40 stearate, poloxamers, tyloxapol, polyolester (POE) 35 and castor oil.
8. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the preservative in selected from a quaternary ammonium salt, benzalkonium chloride, cetrimide, chlorobutanol, sorbic acid and boric acid.
9. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, further comprising one or more pharmaceutically acceptable ingredients selected from the group consisting of carriers, excipients, diluents, additives, viscosity enhancing agents, and buffers.
10. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, comprising compound A at a concentration selected from the group consisting of 0.152, 0.3, 0.46, 0.61, 0.76, 0.91, and 2.42% W/V.
11. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, comprising compound A at a concentration of 0.152-0.76% W/V.
12. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 11, wherein compound A comprises an X.sub.90 particle size distribution of about 10.240-14.356 microns.
13. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 12, wherein compound A comprises an X.sub.50 particle size distribution of about 6.285-7.082 microns in diameter.
14. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 13, wherein compound A comprises an X.sub.10 particle size distribution of about 0.907-1.809.
15. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises 0.46% W/V compound A.
16. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 15, wherein the composition remains stable at 5° C. for 18 months.
17. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 1, wherein the formulation comprises 0.76% W/V compound A.
18. The aqueous pharmaceutical composition of claim 17, wherein the composition remains stable at 5° C. for 18 months.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(8) Embodiments of the present invention provide anhydrous polymorphs of Compound A.
Definitions
(9) Some chemical structures herein are depicted using bold and dashed lines to represent chemical bonds. These bold and dashed lines depict absolute stereochemistry. A bold line indicates that a substituent is above the plane of the carbon atom to which it is attached and a dashed line indicates that a substituent is below the plane of the carbon atom to which it is attached.
(10) The term “effective amount” as used herein refers to an amount of a selective adenosine A1 agonist that is effective for: (i) treating or preventing elevated IOP; or (ii) reducing IOP in a human.
(11) The term “subject” is intended to include organisms, e.g., prokaryotes and eukaryotes, which are capable of suffering from or afflicted with a disease, disorder or condition associated with elevated IOP. Examples of subjects include mammals, e.g., humans, dogs, cows, horses, pigs, sheep, goats, cats, mice, rabbits, rats, and transgenic non-human animals. In certain embodiments, the subject is a human, e.g., a human suffering from, at risk of suffering from, or potentially capable of suffering from an increase in IOP. In another embodiment, the subject is a cell.
(12) The term “treat,” “treated,” “treating” or “treatment” includes the diminishment or alleviation of at least one symptom associated or caused by the state, disorder or disease being treated. In certain embodiments, the treatment comprises the induction of elevated IOP, followed by the activation of the compound of the invention, which would in turn diminish or alleviate at least one symptom associated or caused by the elevated IOP. For example, treatment can be diminishment of one or several symptoms of a disorder or complete eradication of a disorder.
(13) The term “about” or “substantially” usually means within 20%, more preferably within 10%, and most preferably still within 5% of a given value or range.
(14) Methods of Preparation and Studies
(15) Synthesis of Compound A
(16) The following Scheme1 shows the reaction scheme in the preparation of Compound A. The preparation of Compound A is described in detail.
(17) The quantities detailed are calculated for a production batch of approximately 40 gms of Compound A. The production described can be scaled up.
(18) Step 1: 1 Liter of ethanol was charged into a reactor and stirred rapidly. 0.3 kg of 6-chloroadenosine and 0.267 kg of cyclopentylamine were added to the ethanol in the reactor. The reactor was heated to reflux for 2 hr, then cooled to 8 degrees C. and kept under these conditions for 12 hours. The crystallized material was filtered from the mother liquid and the solid cake was washed with 0.33 L of ethanol to produced a wet cake. The wet cake was dried to obtain N6-cyclopentyladenosine (0.249 kg).
(19) Step 2: Dimethoxypropane was used to protect the 2′ and 3′ hydroxyls on the sugar unit. 3.7 liters of acetone was charged into the reactor and was stirred rapidly. 0.249 kg of N6-cyclopentyladenosine; 0.386 kg of dimethoxypropane and 0.148 kg of p-toluenesulfonic acid were added to the acetone (3.7 L) in the reactor. The reactor was heated to 40 degrees C. for 1.5 hours. The solvents were then removed by distillation under vacuum at 40 degrees C. to prepare a dry crude material. 3.1 L of ethyl acetate were then added to the dry crude material obtained. The solution was then cooled to 6 degrees C. and 0.5N NaOH solution was added by dripping until a pH of 8 was reached. This equated to approximately 1.55 L of NaOH solution. After the phase separation was complete, 0.78 L of saturated sodium chloride 20% solution was added to the organic phase. 0.78 L of saturation sodium chloride 20% solution was added again. The two phases were stirred for 30 minutes. The organic phase that was ethyl acetate based was separated and dried with 0.157 kg of sodium sulfate and washed with 1 L of ethyl acetate. The solution was filtered and evaporated to an oil under vacuum at 55 degrees C. To the remaining oil 1.2 L of hexane and 0.3 L of ethyl acetate were added. The reaction mixture was heated to 55 degrees C. for 3 hours and then the solution was cooled to 5 degrees C. and maintained at this temperature for 12 hours. The solids were filtered and the resulting cake was washed with a 0.625 L of ethyl acetate:hexane (1:4) solution. After drying the solid 140 g of 2′,3′-isopropylidene-N.sup.6-cyclopentyl adenosine was obtained.
(20) Step 3: Nitration of the 5′ position of 2′,3′-isopropylidene-N.sup.6-cyclopentyl adenosine obtained in Step 2 was carried out with a nitric acid acetic anhydride mixture. 0.127 L of dichloromethane was charged into the reactor and stirred rapidly. 140 g of 2′,3′-isopropylidene-N.sup.6-cyclopentyl adenosine was added and the reaction solution was cooled to −20 degrees C. 0.547 L of a solution composed of 0.127 L nitric acid 65% in 0.420 L of acetic anhydride was added at a rate that kept the reaction mixture below −15 degrees C.—the temperature range of between −23 to −18 degrees C. has been found to be the preferred target range. If the temperature increases, then impurities were found to be generated. The addition of the acid mixture took about 0.5 hr. The mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and then quenched into 0.35 L of cold saturated sodium bicarbonate solution. The pH was corrected to 7 by the addition of solid sodium bicarbonate to the aqueous later. The organic phase was separated and the aqueous layer extracted with 0.4 L of dichloromethane. The organic phases were combined and washed with 0.6 L of saturated sodium chloride solution. The organic phase containing 2′,3′-isopropylidene-N.sup.6-cyclopentyladenosine-5′-nitrate was then separated for use in Step 4 below.
(21) Step 4: Because of its lability the protected 2′,3′-isopropylidene-N.sup.6-cyclopentyladenosine-5′-nitrate was hydrolyzed directly without purification. The solution from Step 3 was evaporated at 20 degrees C. under vacuum to an oil. The oil was cooled to less than 2 degrees C. 1.95 L of trifluoroacetic acid:water (3:1) solution was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 0.5 hours and allowed to warm to room temperature while being stirred. After that, the sodium bicarbonate solution was prepared and cooled to less than 10 degrees C. The sodium bicarbonate solution was added to the reaction mixture to quench the reaction. The ethyl acetate was added to the reaction vessel and the pH was adjusted and the organic layer was worked up and dried with sodium sulfate. The resulting product solution was then dried several times with magnesium sulfate and the material stripper to form crude Compound A.
(22) The crude compound A was then recrystallized from ethanol. The crude compound A material was dissolved in ethanol then concentrated to half volume to crystallize for 36 hours. After that the resulting product was isolated by filtration to provide Compound A. .sup.1H-NMR (DMSO-d.sub.6): δ 1.49-1.58 (m, 4H), 1.66-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.89-1.94 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.17 (m, 1H), 4.28-4.33 (m, 1H), 4.48 (bs, 1H), 4.65-4.87 (m, 3H), 5.5 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 5.63 (d, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.17 (bs, 1H), 8.30 (s, 1H); MS (ES.sup.+): m/z 381.35 (M+1); Anal. Calculated for C.sub.15H.sub.20N.sub.6O.sub.6: C, 47.37; H, 5.30; N, 22.10. Found: C, 47.49; H, 5.12; N, 21.96.
(23) ##STR00003## ##STR00004##
Preparation of Polymorphs A1 and A2
(24) ##STR00005##
(25) During the preparation of ophthalmic solutions of Compound A, variability was seen in particle growth size and stability. Because of the variability, efforts have been made to establish if one or more polymorphs could be isolated and purified in order to overcome the variability in particle size growth and stability.
(26) Crystallization Study:
(27) The Compound A material used for crystallization experiments was taken from a CMC batch prepared substantially as described in steps 1 to 4 above, which was subsequently found to comprise a mixture of approximately 67 percent of form A1 and approximately 33 percent of Form A2.
(28) Form A1
(29) Several slow evaporations crystallisations as detailed in Table 1 below gave crystals using solvents ethyl acetate, isopropyl, acetate, MEK and 2-methoxyethanol that were used for establishing the crystal and molecular structure of Form A1 as shown in
(30) temperature.
(31) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Results of the slow evaporation crystallization experiments. Solvents μl of solvents Temperature Crystals 1,4-Dioxane 400 RT Form A1 MEK* 400 RT Too small Trifluoroethanol 400 RT Too small Ethyl Acetate* 400 RT Form A1 Isopropyl acetate* 400 RT Form A1 1,2-Dimethoxyethane 400 RT Glass 2-Methoxyethanol 400 RT Form A1 3-Methyl-2-butanone* 400 RT Form A1 DMF 400 RT Glass Iso-propanol* 400 RT Too small Ethanol/Water (80:20)* 400 RT Too small Ethanol/Water (90:10)* 400 RT Too small *To dissolve the material, the mixture was warmed up to 60° C. and kept at this temperature for approximately 30 min. Following, it was left for crystallization at room temperature (RT). MEK: Methylethyl ketone. DMF: Dimethylformamide.
(32) Approximately 3-8 mg of Compound A was placed into 8 ml vials to which 400 μL of solvent as detailed in Table 1 was added. The experiments were carried out at room temperature. Each 8 ml vial was placed in a 20 ml vial that was then closed and a small hole was pierced in the cap of the 20 ml vials. The vials were left at room temperature. A single colorless crystal (plate shaped) of approximate size 0.35×0.25×0.05 mm was directly collected from the ethyl acetate solution and mounted on a goniometer. The measurements were performed at room temperature (296K). The final crystallographic data are as shown in Table 2 below:
(33) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Crystal data and Structure refinement for Compound A - Form A1 Identification Form A1 Empirical Formula C.sub.15H.sub.20N.sub.6O.sub.6; Formula Weight Mr = 380.37; Crystal System Monoclinic crystal system; Space Group P2.sub.1 space group; Unit Cell Dimensions a = 5.546(2) Å; b = 7.107(2) Å; c = 21.929(9) Å; V = 858.8(5) Å.sup.3 [degrees] 96.501(8) Z 2. T[K] 296(2) Å 0.71073 D.sub.c [g/cm.sup.3] 1.471 [mm.sup.−1] 0.115 F(000) 400 Crystal size [mm.sup.3] 0.35 × 0.25 × 0.05 Range of data collection [degrees] 3-27.4 Reflections collected 5868 Independent reflections 3315 [R.sub.int = 0.0268] Completeness to = 27.4 [%] 97.8 Max. and min. transmission 0.9942 and 0.9606 Data/restraints/parameters 3315/1/289 Goodness-of-fit on F.sup.2 1.063 Final R indices[l > 2(l)] R1 = 0.0418, wR2 = 0.0970 R indices (all data) R1 = 0.0556, wR2 = 0.1050 Absolute structure parameter −0.1(12) Extinction coefficient 0.081(8)
(34) The single crystal measurements were performed on Nonius Kappa-CCD diffractometer equipped with Oxford Cryostream Liquid Nitrogen Cooler using MO K radiation. The data for form A1 was collected up to theta=27.5° at 296K yielding 5868 reflections. Data reduction was performed using HKL Scalepack (Otwinowski & Minor 1997) and cell parameters were obtained using Denzo and Scalepak (Otwinowski & Minor 1997) from 2569 within theta range 1 to 27.5°. The structure was solved using direct methods by SHELXZ-97 (Sheldrick, G. M. 1997a).
(35) In addition to the single x-ray crystallography data, powder diffraction data was also collected on a D8 Advance diffractometer using CuK.sub.α1 radiation (1.54016 Å) with germanium monochromator at Room Temperature. The data were collected from 2.5 to 32.5° theta with 0.016° theta steps on solid state LynxEye detector. The sample was measured in an 8 mm long capillary with 0.5 mm diameter.
(36) Crystalline anhydrous polymorph form A1 is preferably characterized by a PXRD spectra having peaks at about 17.5, 20.5, 21.2, 22.7, 24.8, 33.2 and 42.1+0.2 degrees 2 theta.
(37) In Table 3 the intensity, 2 theta and D spacing are listed together with the HKL indices. Because intensity as well as 2 theta values are dependent on the radiation used, therefore the D spacing was implemented. The radiation used was CuK.sub.α1. 2
(38) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 HKL, 2 theta, D spacing and intensity from the powder diffraction of Form A1 (P2.sub.1) h k l D spacing 2θ Intensity 0 0 1 21.757 4.058 3.070(29) 0 0 2 10.878 8.121 1.910(36) 0 0 3 7.252 12.194 0.623(59) 0 1 1 6.745 13.115 0.025(65) 0 1 2 5.943 14.895 2.323(93) −1 0 1 5.498 16.109 3.19(30) 1 0 0 5.480 16.162 6.84(33) 0 0 4 5.439 16.283 0.91(15) −1 0 2 5.192 17.064 1.06(15) 1 0 1 5.147 17.214 4.07(16) 0 1 3 5.072 17.472 11.87(17) −1 0 3 4.697 18.878 0.92(18) 1 0 2 4.642 19.104 16.40(23) 0 0 5 4.351 20.393 0.5(17) 1 −1 −1 4.346 20.420 20.7(26) 1 1 0 4.337 20.462 19.5(15) 0 1 4 4.317 20.559 10.14(40) 1 −1 −2 4.190 21.187 42.01(46) 1 1 1 4.166 21.309 7.14(92) −1 0 4 4.160 21.342 1.29(81) 1 0 3 4.106 21.624 1.29(24) 1 −1 −3 3.916 22.686 77.44(52) 1 1 2 3.884 22.876 12.02(34) 0 1 5 3.709 23.971 2.41(28) −1 0 5 3.664 24.270 0.03(28) 0 0 6 3.626 24.530 1.18(60) 1 0 4 3.617 24.590 5.78(63) 1 −1 −4 3.589 24.791 22.15(38) 1 1 3 3.554 25.035 5.20(97) 0 2 0 3.547 25.082 14.93(93) 0 2 1 3.501 25.419 9.96(33) 0 2 2 3.373 26.405 0.01(32) 1 −1 −5 3.256 27.371 1.19(38) −1 0 6 3.238 27.525 0.76(70) 0 1 6 3.229 27.604 2.8(13) 1 1 4 3.223 27.658 12.60(99) 1 0 5 3.198 27.873 0.26(46) 0 2 3 3.187 27.977 0.30(44) 0 0 7 3.108 28.699 0.65(36) 1 −2 −1 2.981 29.953 14.3(20) 1 2 0 2.978 29.982 0.2(25) 0 2 4 2.971 30.050 5.21(90) 1 −1 −6 2.946 30.318 7.63(44) 1 −2 −2 2.929 30.494 1.64(66) 1 2 1 2.921 30.581 0.0(11) 1 1 5 2.916 30.638 2.36(86) −1 0 7 2.881 31.021 5.24(41) 1 0 6 2.848 31.390 2.6(62) 0 1 7 2.847 31.397 0.1(62) 1 −2 −3 2.831 31.580 11.04(53) 1 2 2 2.819 31.720 3.23(48) −2 0 1 2.766 32.335 1.54(44) 0 2 5 2.750 32.539 4.6(62) −2 0 2 2.749 32.548 1.3(64) 2 0 0 2.740 32.657 1.45(63) 0 0 8 2.720 32.908 0.37(43) 1 −2 −4 2.699 33.163 18.54(59) −2 0 3 2.689 33.286 0.53(97) 1 2 3 2.684 33.350 0.65(92) 2 0 1 2.673 33.500 2.6(11) 1 −1 −7 2.669 33.550 0.12(97) 1 1 6 2.643 33.894 0.46(44) −2 0 4 2.596 34.521 1.31(47) −1 0 8 2.583 34.701 0.04(83) 2 −1 −1 2.577 34.778 1.6(15) 2 0 2 2.574 34.832 0.3(12) 2 −1 −2 2.563 34.978 1.06(92) 2 1 0 2.556 35.081 0(15) 1 0 7 2.556 35.086 3(15) 1 −2 −5 2.549 35.182 9.2(11) 0 1 8 2.539 35.316 2.7(16) 0 2 6 2.536 35.369 2.3(26) 1 2 4 2.533 35.412 4.6(16) 2 −1 −3 2.515 35.673 7.10(49) 2 1 1 2.501 35.874 0.56(48) −2 0 5 2.479 36.208 0.01(47) 2 1 5 2.089 43.279 5.9(61) 1 −2 −8 2.088 43.295 0.3(65) 2 2 2 2.083 43.403 2.0(33) 0 1 10 2.080 43.471 2(110) −2 0 8 2.080 43.474 1(120) 0 3 5 2.078 43.519 0.7(59) 1 2 7 2.074 43.615 9.8(13) 1 −3 −4 2.056 44.008 9.4(15) 2 0 6 2.053 44.070 0.0(17) 1 3 3 2.049 44.156 2.0(11) 1 −1 −10 2.036 44.452 5.63(92) 2 −2 −5 2.032 44.555 7.3(10) 1 1 9 2.019 44.850 2.3(18) 2 2 3 2.018 44.889 0.0(21) 0 2 9 1.998 45.362 0(670) 2 −1 −8 1.996 45.403 70(970)
Form A2
(39) None of the crystallization trials or techniques attempted, including (i) slow evaporation of solvent, (ii) vapor diffusion of non polar solvent into liquid solution of Compound A and (iii) polar solvent and temperature controlled crystallization with slow cooling rate; yielded suitable crystals of Form A2 for single crystal analysis. In some experiments, such as, for example, in the temperature controlled crystallizations using various mixtures of ethanol/water, very thin needles were obtained. In most of the cases the crystals seemed to be twinned crystals, however none of these crystals gave enough reflections to obtain proper cell parameters. These crystals were however used to attempt X-ray powder diffraction. Therefore the X-ray Powder Diffraction Pattern (XRPD) was obtained and attempts were then made for solving the structure of the Form A2 from the powder data. The first step was to obtain the proper unit cell. After several trials, two possible cell settings were obtained. Both were orthorhombic although with different Bravais face centering. One of these cells was a face centred cell C, while the other was primitive P. Based on the fact that the cell C could be transformed into a smaller one, namely P, the latter was refined and attempts to solve the structure with this configuration setting were made. Also, with the P cell the asymmetric unit was reduced to 1 molecule with C it concerned 2 symmetry independent molecules. For the cell refinement the Pawley fit was used. A Pawley fit based on the high resolution X-ray diffraction pattern was used to check the purity of the sample. The main purpose of the Pawley fit is to refine cell parameters from the complete pattern. In the Pawley method, profiles are analytical, their width is constrained to follow a Caglioti law with the three refinable parameters U, V, W as defined in most of the Rietveld-derived software. The software used for calculation in this project was Topas with following criteria of fit:
(40) Y.sub.o,m and Y.sub.c,m are the observed and calculated data, respectively at data point m.
(41) M the number of data points,
(42) P the number of parameters,
(43) W.sub.m the weighting given to data point m which for counting statistics is given by w.sub.m=1/σ(Y.sub.o,m).sup.2 where σ(Y.sub.o,m) is the error in Y.sub.o,m
(44)
(45) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Parameters of the Pawley fit for Compound A - Form A2 Identification Form A2 T[K] 293(2) Å 1.54056 Crystal System Orthorhombic crystal system; Space Group P2.sub.12.sub.12.sub.1 space group; Unit Cell Dimensions a = 5.51796(17) Å; b = 7.14615(29) Å; c = 42.9738(29) Å; V = 1694.55(14) Å.sup.3 Capillary size 0.5 × 0.8 Range for data collection 2-22.5 R.sub.exp 1.52 R.sub.wp 2.64 Rp 1.91 R.sub.Bragg 7.8 GOF 1.74
(46) For the structure solution, the Topas 3.0 software was employed (Bruker-AXS, 2005) using simulated annealing method. The model was built on the Z-matrix and several torsion angles were set as free variables. The obtained model was not refined except for the unit cell. The H-atoms were included based on geometry and H-Bond scheme.
(47) XRPD patterns were obtained using a high-throughput XRPD set-up. The plates were mounted on a Bruker GADDS diffractometer equipped with a Hi-Star area detector. The XRPD platform was calibrated using Silver Behenate for the long d-spacings and Corundum for the short d-spacings.
(48) Data collection was carried out at room temperature using monochromatic CuKα radiation in the 2-theta region between 1.5 degrees and 41.5 degrees, which is the most distinctive part of the XRPD pattern between the polymorph forms. The diffraction pattern of each well was collected in 2 theta ranges (1.5 degrees≦2 theta≦21.5 degrees for the first frame, and 19.5 degrees≦2 theta≦41.5 degrees for the second) with an exposure time of 30 seconds for each frame. No background subtraction or curve smoothing was applied to the XRPD patterns. The carrier material used during XRPD analysis was transparent to X-rays and contributed only slightly to the background.
(49) Crystalline anhydrous polymorph form A2 is preferably characterized by PXRD spectra having peaks at about 16.9, 18.1, 19.1, 20.8, 21.3, 22.0, 22.8, 23.8, 24.9, 25.0, 29.1, 29.8, 34.2 and 35.8+0.2 degrees 2 theta.
(50) In Table 5 the intensity, 2 theta and D spacing are listed together with the HKL indices. Because intensity as well as 2 theta values are dependent on the radiation used, therefore the D spacing was implemented. The radiation used was CuK.sub.α1. 2
(51) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 HKL, 2 theta, D spacing and intensity from the powder diffraction of Form A2 (P2.sub.12.sub.12.sub.1) h k l D spacing 2θ Intensity 0 0 2 21.487 4.109 3.341(28) 0 0 4 10.743 8.223 2.277(38) 0 0 6 7.162 12.348 0.690(57) 0 1 1 7.049 12.547 0.802(58) 0 1 2 6.781 13.045 0.032(57) 0 1 3 6.395 13.837 1.088(68) 0 1 4 5.950 14.877 2.330(82) 0 1 5 5.495 16.117 2.50(22) 1 0 1 5.473 16.182 16.69(24) 0 0 8 5.372 16.489 0.31(12) 1 0 2 5.345 16.574 0.02(12) 1 0 3 5.149 17.207 0.78(11) 0 1 6 5.059 17.517 9.55(14) 1 0 4 4.908 18.058 15.49(17) 0 1 7 4.657 19.043 2.50(33) 1 0 5 4.643 19.098 18.42(35) 1 0 6 4.371 20.300 0.0(12) 1 1 0 4.367 20.317 14.0(13) 1 1 1 4.345 20.423 21.46(33) 0 0 10 4.297 20.652 4.4(20) 0 1 8 4.294 20.669 14.2(23) 1 1 2 4.280 20.737 34.73(53) 1 1 3 4.178 21.251 62.18(36) 1 0 7 4.104 21.637 3.26(21) 1 1 4 4.046 21.951 64.81(39) 0 1 9 3.970 22.375 3.18(21) 1 1 5 3.894 22.821 67.15(41) 1 0 8 3.849 23.089 0.02(22) 1 1 6 3.729 23.844 23.77(31) 0 1 10 3.683 24.147 1.11(24) 1 0 9 3.611 24.636 5.44(27) 0 0 12 3.581 24.843 1.32(64) 0 2 0 3.573 24.900 0.0(10) 0 2 1 3.561 24.987 16.0(37) 1 1 7 3.559 25.001 57.1(34) 0 2 2 3.525 25.247 7.78(28) 0 2 3 3.467 25.675 0.11(25) 0 1 11 3.428 25.972 0.02(26) 0 2 4 3.390 26.264 0(1200) 1 0 10 3.390 26.264 0(1200) 1 1 8 3.389 26.278 .sup. 13(11) 0 2 5 3.299 27.003 0.24(27) 1 1 9 3.223 27.658 6.71(31) 0 1 12 3.202 27.843 4.61(77) 0 2 6 3.197 27.882 0.02(89) 1 0 11 3.188 27.961 0.02(42) 0 2 7 3.088 28.889 3.68(33) 0 0 14 3.070 29.067 0.02(57) 1 1 10 3.063 29.129 13.39(58) 1 0 12 3.004 29.716 0.3(17) 0 1 13 3.000 29.754 0.3(90) 1 2 0 2.999 29.765 4.9(81) 1 2 1 2.992 29.839 23.29(88) 0 2 8 2.975 30.012 0.81(68) 1 2 2 2.970 30.060 4.79(66) 1 2 3 2.936 30.426 0.16(34) 1 1 11 2.912 30.680 1.09(34) 1 2 4 2.889 30.931 2.18(35) 0 2 9 2.861 31.241 3.31(36) 1 0 13 2.836 31.524 2.60(83) 1 2 5 2.832 31.569 13.87(87) 0 1 14 2.820 31.700 0.94(41) 1 1 12 2.769 32.301 1.3(12) 1 2 6 2.766 32.335 12.9(14) 2 0 0 2.759 32.425 2.17(88) 2 0 1 2.753 32.493 3.93(89) 0 2 10 2.747 32.564 2.65(63) 2 0 2 2.737 32.698 1.03(41) 2 0 3 2.709 33.037 0.47(39) 1 2 7 2.695 33.219 13.32(50) 0 0 16 2.686 33.333 0.44(92) 1 0 14 2.682 33.376 0.02(88) 2 0 4 2.672 33.507 1.62(43) 0 1 15 2.659 33.677 0.31(39) 0 2 11 2.637 33.974 0.0(33) 1 1 13 2.636 33.985 1.5(34) 2 0 5 2.627 34.103 3.97(60) 1 2 8 2.619 34.214 14.87(53) 2 0 6 2.575 34.818 0.3(46) 2 1 0 2.574 34.829 2.2(52) 2 1 1 2.569 34.893 4.43(92) 2 1 2 2.556 35.086 4.65(43) 1 0 15 2.543 35.270 0.0(11) 1 2 9 2.540 35.312 11.6(13) 2 1 3 2.533 35.405 0.15(98) 0 2 12 2.529 35.461 5.87(80) 2 0 7 2.517 35.648 0.0(15) 0 1 16 2.514 35.683 0.0(25) 1 1 14 2.511 35.724 2.5(15) 2 1 4 2.503 35.847 15.03(56) 2 1 5 2.466 36.409 3.57(54) 1 2 10 2.459 36.504 1.95(65) 2 0 8 2.454 36.585 0.02(56) 0 2 13 2.427 37.018 2.26(64) 2 1 6 2.422 37.086 1.62(68) 1 0 16 2.415 37.201 1.13(49) 1 1 15 2.396 37.514 2.28(58) 2 0 9 2.389 37.623 4.3(25) 0 0 18 2.387 37.646 0.0(30) 0 1 17 2.383 37.716 0.6(17) 1 2 11 2.379 37.785 8.3(82) 0 3 1 2.378 37.795 2.2(80) 2 1 7 2.374 37.873 2.95(98) 0 3 2 2.368 37.974 1.72(55) 0 3 3 2.350 38.273 0.02(46) 0 2 14 2.328 38.639 6.6(11) 0 3 4 2.326 38.687 2.9(18) 2 0 10 2.322 38.754 0.9(66) 2 1 8 2.321 38.764 1.8(59) 1 2 12 2.299 39.146 1.3(32) 1 0 17 2.298 39.167 0.0(43) 0 3 5 2.296 39.214 11.8(17) 1 1 16 2.288 39.351 2.64(54) 2 1 9 2.266 39.753 5.2(23) 0 1 18 2.264 33.775 0.0(26) 0 3 6 2.260 39.850 1.52(90) 2 0 11 2.254 39.973 4.10(57) 0 2 15 2.235 40.318 1.37(55) 1 2 13 2.221 40.582 0.5(43) 0 3 7 2.221 40.591 4.1(43) 2 1 10 2.208 40.835 0.02(60) 1 0 18 2.191 41.165 0.0(15) 1 1 17 2.188 41.230 3(14) 1 3 0 2.187 41.246 1(25) 2 0 12 2.186 41.274 2(24) 1 3 1 2.184 41.302 6(49) 2 2 0 2.184 41.310 0(40) 2 2 1 2.181 41.366 8.8(38) 0 3 8 2.178 41.433 2.1(33) 1 3 2 2.176 41.469 11.6(29) 2 2 2 2.173 41.533 2.8(12) 1 3 3 2.162 41.747 11.1(12) 2 2 3 2.159 41.810 7.1(18) 0 1 19 2.156 41.860 2.7(15) 2 1 11 2.149 42.003 5.0(99) 0 0 20 2.149 42.016 0(14) 0 2 16 2.147 42.052 0.9(81) 1 2 14 2.145 42.087 2.4(56) 1 3 4 2.143 42.132 3.6(29) 2 2 4 2.140 42.195 6.3(12) 0 3 9 2.132 42.370 5.30(72) 1 3 5 2.119 42.624 2.3(32) 2 0 13 2.118 42.651 0.2(49) 2 2 5 2.116 42.686 6.8(25) 1 1 18 2.095 43.148 1.4(22) 1 0 19 2.093 43.194 0.2(81) 1 3 6 2.092 43.219 3(11) 2 1 12 2.090 43.254 6.0(89) 2 2 6 2.089 43.280 2.5(44) 0 3 10 2.083 43.398 0.10(84) 1 2 15 2.072 43.657 6.91(88) 0 2 17 2.064 43.835 0.0(11) 1 3 7 2.060 43.913 5.9(22) 0 1 20 2.058 43.968 4(18) 2 2 7 2.057 43.974 0(17) 2 0 14 2.052 44.098 0.99(86) 0 3 11 2.034 44.512 1.2(11) 2 1 13 2.031 44.581 6.0(12) 1 3 8 2.026 44.704 10.2(16) 2 2 8 2.023 44.764 8.8(23) 1 1 19 2.008 45.105 0(38) 1 0 20 2.002 45.252 0(2700) 1 2 16 2.001 45.286 0(4300)
Controlling the Formation of the Form of Polymorph
(52) It has been found that the formation of the particular polymorphic form can be controlled. As described above the Form A1 can be obtained predominantly via recrystallization from ethanol or under slow evaporation conditions.
(53) It has also been established that ripening or curing of Compound A particles suspended in an aqueous suspension formulated for ocular delivery at 40 degrees C. for a relatively short period of time formed polymorph form A2 from polymorph form A1. The aqueous suspension samples were kept at 40 degrees C. for up to 108 hours and monitored by particle size measurement, XRPD and microphotography. Particle size measurements showed that average sizes increased significantly over 15 hours. Thereafter, sizes remained effectively constant to 108 hours. XRPD analyses indicated a change in polymorph content from about 74% A1 to 26% A2 at time zero to 0% A1 to 100% A2 at 108 hours at 40 degrees C.
(54) When the aqueous suspension ocular formulation containing Compound A in the A1 polymorph is stored at 2-8° C., a temperature required to limit decomposition of Compound A over long term storage, the habit of the suspended particles changes slowly over a period of 6 to 12 months. During this time the small irregular particles of suspended drug change to rod-like habits, with many particles having a length along the longest dimension over 100 microns. These changes make it much more difficult to resuspend Compound A particles by sonication and shaking in order to form a homogeneous suspension for dosing.
(55) The conversion of the A1 form to the A2 form has been found to limit any further changes to particle habit, size or polymorph content when the aqueous suspension, which is suitable for ocular delivery of the drug, is stored over a 6 month period at either 5° C. or 25° C. Also, the cured aqueous suspension is more easily resuspended by shaking, a favourable characteristic for suspension formulations for ocular drug delivery.
(56) The particle size analyses were performed on a Cilas 1180 Particle Size Analyzer. The parameters used were liquid mode, sample refractive index=1.62 (determined using Cargille immersion oils), liquid refractive index=1.333 (value for water), 30 second measurement, 180 rpm stirring, 120 rpm pump circulation, no sonication, 5 repeat measurements.
Formulation Example
(57) A batch of sterile material of Compound A was prepared as described above under the “Synthesis of Compound A”. The resulting Compound A material was then sterilized with gamma irradiation at up to 40 kGray and then formulated into the following aqueous formulations:
(58) Aqueous Formulation
(59) TABLE-US-00006 Ingredient %, W/V Compound A 0.152-0.76 Sodium CMC 0.7 Benzalkonium Chloride 0.01 Polysorbate 80 0.3 Citric Acid Monohydrate 0.152 (7 mM) NaOH/HCl pH 5.1 ± 0.1 NaCl q.s. to 270-330 mOsm Purified Water q.s. to 100.00
(60) Various concentrations of Compound A formulation lots were prepared from 0.152, 0.30, 0.61, 0.91, 2.42, 0.46, 0.76%, W/V to provide for the ability to deliver different levels of Compound A per drop of formulation. For example one drop of the 0.152%, W/V of compound A would deliver 50 mcg per drop, 0.30%, W/V would deliver 100 mcg per drop, right through to 0.76% W/V delivering 250 mcg per drop. The formulation lots were then heated to undergo the curing step and convert the A1 polymorph form of Compound A to the A2 polymorph form of Compound A. The curing step was undertaken by placing the formulation lots at 40 degrees C. for 48 hours and then reverting the formulations lots to the desired longer term storage conditions for stability studies.
(61) Two of the formulation lots, namely 0.46% W/V of Compound A and a 0.76% W/V were studied for long term stability and particle size growth at 5 degrees Celsius and 25 degrees Celsius for 6 months. Two of the formulation lots, namely 0.46% W/V of Compound A and a 0.76% W/V were studied for long term stability and particle size growth at 5 degrees Celsius for 18 months. The results are tabulated below in Table 6.
(62) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 Particle Size Time Distribution Formulation (months) Impurities pH (microns) 0.46% at 0 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.746 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.992 X.sub.90 = 14.087 0.46% at 1 1% 5.0 X.sub.10 = 0.907 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.285 X.sub.90 = 13.485 0.46% at 3 1% 5.0 X.sub.10 = 1.792 5° C. X.sub.50 = 7.082 X.sub.90 = 14.356 0.46% at 6 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.777 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.939 X.sub.90 = 13.698 0.46% at 12 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.398 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.679 X.sub.90 = 13.396 0.46% at 18 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.666 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.882 X.sub.90 = 13.074 0.46% at 0 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.746 25° C. X.sub.50 = 6.416 X.sub.90 = 13.698 0.46% at 1 1% 5.0 X.sub.10 = 1.036 25° C./60% RH X.sub.50 = 6.416 X.sub.90 = 13.698 0.46% at 3 3% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.656 25° C./60% RH X.sub.50 = 6.705 X.sub.90 = 12.805 0.46% at 6 4% 5.0 X.sub.10 = 1.809 25° C./60% RH X.sub.50 = 6.741 X.sub.90 = 12.380 0.76% at 0 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.524 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.773 X.sub.90 = 12.778 0.76% at 1 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.115 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.456 X.sub.90 = 12.944 0.76% at 3 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.455 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.745 X.sub.90 = 13.104 0.76% at 6 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.541 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.638 X.sub.90 = 11.833 0.76% at 12 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.407 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.635 X.sub.90 = 12.314 0.76% at 18 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.611 5° C. X.sub.50 = 6.840 X.sub.90 = 12.672 0.76% at 0 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.524 25° C./60% RH X.sub.50 = 6.773 X.sub.90 = 12.778 0.76% at 1 1% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.056 25° C./60% RH X.sub.50 = 6.107 X.sub.90 = 11.551 0.76% at 3 2% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.446 25° C./60% RH X.sub.50 = 6.691 X.sub.90 = 12.724 0.76% at 6 3% 5.1 X.sub.10 = 1.619 25° C./60% RH X.sub.50 = 6.292 X.sub.90 = 10.240
(63) It can be seen from the results in Table 6 that the particle size distributions of the two formulation lots are stable over the time under the conditions tested. The results also show that the levels of impurities and pH remain stable for the formulations at 5 degrees Celsius over 18 months, while there is a slow increase in the impurities for the formulations held at 25 degrees Celsius over 6 months.
(64) The present invention and its embodiments have been described in detail. However, the scope of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of any process, manufacture, composition of matter, compounds, means, methods, and/or steps described in the specification. Various modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to the disclosed material without departing from the spirit and/or essential characteristics of the present invention. Accordingly, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure that later modifications, substitutions, and/or variations performing substantially the same function or achieving substantially the same result as embodiments described herein can be utilized according to such related embodiments of the present invention. Thus, the following claims are intended to encompass within their scope modifications, substitutions, and variations to processes, manufactures, compositions of matter, compounds, means, methods, and/or steps disclosed herein.