METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING DECORATIVE MOLDED BODY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING PROCESSED PRODUCT USING DECORATIVE MOLDED BODY
20220227031 · 2022-07-21
Assignee
Inventors
- Masahiro Onishi (Aichi, JP)
- Kenji Kimura (Aichi, JP)
- Takahiro Shinozaki (Aichi, JP)
- Yasuyuki Miwa (Aichi, JP)
Cpc classification
B29C2045/14213
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B32B2255/10
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C2045/14131
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B32B27/06
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C2045/0079
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C45/14688
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B32B3/08
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B32B7/12
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29L2031/7232
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C2045/14696
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C45/14065
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29K2705/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C45/1418
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C45/14377
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29K2083/005
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B32B27/308
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C45/0001
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B60R13/005
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B29C45/0053
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B32B3/30
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
B29C45/16
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
Abstract
The disclosure provides a method for manufacturing a decorative molded body and a method for manufacturing a processed product using the decorative molded body. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body includes: a film preparation step of molding a decorative film in a planar shape; a molding preparation step of, in a mold, disposing a transparent layer as an insert and disposing the decorative film of the planar shape; and a film forming step of, while supplying in the mold a material of a molded layer and molding the molded layer, forming the decorative film to follow an unevenness of a back surface of the transparent layer.
Claims
1. A method for manufacturing a decorative molded body, comprising: a film preparation step of molding a decorative film in a planar shape; a molding preparation step of, in a mold, disposing a transparent layer as an insert and disposing the decorative film of the planar shape; and a film forming step of, while supplying in the mold a material of a molded layer and molding the molded layer, forming the decorative film to follow an unevenness of a back surface of the transparent layer.
2. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 1, wherein in the film preparation step, the decorative film is molded in a planar and predetermined contour shape, and in the molding preparation step, in the mold, the transparent layer is disposed as an insert and the decorative film of the planar and predetermined contour shape is disposed.
3. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 1, wherein in the film forming step, while the material of the molded layer is supplied to the mold heated and the molded layer is molded by heating and pressurizing by the mold, the decorative film is formed, by pressurizing the material of the molded layer, to follow the unevenness of the back surface of the transparent layer.
4. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 3, wherein in the film forming step, the material of the molded layer is supplied by injection molding to the mold heated.
5. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 1, wherein the molded layer is molded from a thermosetting material, and the thermosetting material is any one of silicone rubber, epoxy resin, or phenolic resin.
6. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 5, wherein the thermosetting material is a material taking on a liquid state at room temperature.
7. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 5, wherein the decorative film includes a decorative layer molded from indium, and the thermosetting material is silicone rubber which is a material moldable at a temperature lower than a whitening temperature of indium.
8. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 1, wherein the decorative film comprises a base material sheet molded from acrylic resin or non-stretchable PET resin, and a decorative layer formed on a surface of the base material sheet.
9. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 1, wherein the molded layer is formed from a viscoelastic material, and the decorative molded body further comprises a mounting member detachably mounted on a back surface side of the molded layer and held by a viscoelastic force of the molded layer.
10. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 1, wherein the decorative molded body is an emblem for automobiles.
11. The method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 9, wherein the decorative molded body is an emblem for automobiles; and the mounting member is an electromagnetic wave radar device.
12. A method for manufacturing a processed product using a decorative molded body, comprising: a step of manufacturing by the method for manufacturing the decorative molded body according to claim 1; and a step of, to the decorative molded body manufactured, peeling the molded layer from the transparent layer and the decorative layer to mold a processed product comprising at least the transparent layer and the decorative film.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
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DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS
[0060] (1. Outline of a Decorative Molded Body)
[0061] The decorative molded body has a configuration in which a transparent layer is disposed on a surface layer and a decorative film is disposed on the back surface of the transparent layer. The decorative film is made of a colored material. The decorative film has, for example, gloss. The decorative film penetrates the transparent layer and becomes visible to a person from the surface (exposed surface) of the transparent layer.
[0062] Further, instead of making the decorative film visible from the entire area of the surface (exposed surface) of the transparent layer, the decorative film may be made visible from only a part by partial masking. In this way, by designing the shape of the transparent layer and the visible portion of the decorative film, it is possible to manufacture decorative molded bodies with various designs.
[0063] The decorative molded body can be used, for example, for emblems for automobiles, emblems attached to products, key chains, straps, or the like. The emblems for automobiles are, for example, emblems disposed on the front grill parts of automobiles, emblems disposed on the steering wheels, or the like.
[0064] Further, the transparent layer constituting the decorative molded body is intended to have an uneven back surface on the opposite side of the exposed surface in terms of design. Moreover, the decorative film is formed following the uneven back surface of the transparent layer. By forming the back surface of the transparent layer to be uneven and disposing the decorative film in accordance with the unevenness in this way, a decorative molded body with designability can be obtained.
[0065] Furthermore, as compared with the case where a space (gap) is formed between the decorative film and the uneven back surface of the transparent layer, a decorative molded body with a more beautiful design is obtained when the decorative film is formed to neatly follow the uneven back surface of the transparent layer so that no space (gap) exists. Therefore, it is an important element in the design that the decorative film is formed to neatly follow the uneven back surface of the transparent layer. In the present example, no space (gap) is formed between the decorative film and the back surface of the uneven back surface of the transparent layer.
[0066] (2. Configuration of the Decorative Molded Body 1)
[0067] The configuration of the decorative molded body 1 is described with reference to
[0068] The decorative molded body 1 comprises a transparent layer 10 that constitutes a surface. As shown in
[0069] As shown in
[0070] The decorative molded body 1 further comprises a paint layer 20. The paint layer 20 corresponds to the black filled part in
[0071] By making the paint layer 20 a deep color such as a black color, for example, the designability of the decorative part described later can be improved. Here, in the present example, as shown in
[0072] The decorative molded body 1 further comprises a decorative film 30. The decorative film 30 is made of, for example, a glossy material. The decorative film 30 is formed in a predetermined contour shape. In the present example, the decorative film 30 has an outer shape slightly smaller than the outer peripheral surface shape of the transparent layer 10. For example,
[0073] As shown in
[0074] Here, it is known that indium will whiten when heat of temperature about higher than, for example, 120° C.-150° C. is applied. Hereinafter, said temperature is referred to as a whitening temperature. That is, it is necessary that indium is not subjected to heat higher than the whitening temperature. As described later, the shaping of the decorative film 30 is performed at a temperature lower than the whitening temperature.
[0075] The decorative film 30 is formed to follow the unevenness of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. That is, the decorative film 30 is shaped into an uneven shape corresponding to the unevenness of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. However, at the portion where the paint layer 20 is formed, the decorative film 30 is disposed on the back surface of the paint layer 20. That is, the decorative film 30 is adhered to the transparent layer 10. Therefore, at the portion where the paint layer 20 is not applied, the decorative film 30 is transmissive through the transparent layer 10 and becomes visible to a person from the exposed surface 11 (surface) of the transparent layer 10.
[0076] The decorative film 30 is in close contact with the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 without having a space (gap). That is, since the decorative film 30 is formed to neatly follow the uneven back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10, the design from the exposed surface of the transparent layer 10 becomes very beautiful. Here, the decorative layer 32 is located at the transparent layer 10 side, and the base material sheet 31 is located at the opposite side of the transparent layer 10. That is, the color of the decorative layer 32 is transmissive through the transparent layer 10.
[0077] The decorative molded body 1 further comprises a frame 40. The frame 40 is disposed to face the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. The frame 40 has a function of supporting other members constituting the decorative molded body 1. Furthermore, the frame 40 functions as a part to be attached to the other member to which the decorative molded body 1 is attached.
[0078] The frame 40 is, as shown in
[0079] The frame main body 41 is formed in a frame shape. The frame main body 41 is formed in an arbitrary shape continuous in a circumferential direction, for example, a circular frame shape, an elliptical frame shape, a polygonal frame shape (including a quadrangular frame shape, a triangular frame shape, etc.). The frame main body 41 is formed, for example, in a shape corresponding to the outer peripheral surface shape of the transparent layer 10. For example, when the outer peripheral surface shape of the transparent layer 10 is circular, the outer shape of the frame main body 41 is also circular. However, the outer peripheral surface shape of the transparent layer 10 and the outer shape of the frame main body 41 may be different from each other.
[0080] In the present example, the outer peripheral dimension (for example, outer diameter) of the frame main body 41 is substantially the same as the inner peripheral dimension (for example, inner diameter) of the cutout portion 12c of the transparent layer 10. That is, one end surface (left surface in
[0081] The frame main body 41 is stuck to a part of the back surface of the decorative film 30. In the present example, the frame main body 41 is formed in a frame shape (for example, a circular frame shape or a quadrangular frame shape) corresponding to a predetermined contour shape (for example, a circle or a quadrangle) of the decorative film 30. The frame main body 41 is stuck to the peripheral edge of the decorative film 30 over the entire periphery. That is, the frame main body 41 sandwiches the decorative film 30 between the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 (the peripheral edge of the convex surface 12b).
[0082] The attaching member 42 is provided so as to protrude at the back surface side of the frame main body 41. A plurality of attaching members 42 are provided, for example, in the circumferential direction of the frame main body 41. In the present example, the attaching members 42 are provided at four locations at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. Further, although not shown, the attaching member 42 may have a locking claw or a locking hole, for example.
[0083] The decorative molded body 1 further comprises a molded layer 50. The molded layer 50 is disposed to face the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. Specifically, the molded layer 50 is at the back surface 12 side of the transparent layer 10 and is disposed in close contact with the back surface of the decorative film 30. That is, the decorative film 30 is placed to be sandwiched between the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 and the molded layer 50.
[0084] Therefore, the surface side of the molded layer 50 is formed in a shape corresponding to the unevenness of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. On the other hand, the back surface side of the molded layer 50 may have a shape having no unevenness or a shape having unevenness. In the present example, the back surface of the molded layer 50 is formed in the same uneven shape as the unevenness of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. That is, the back surface of the molded layer 50 has a concave surface at a position corresponding to the concave surface 12a of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10.
[0085] The molded layer 50 is, for example, an injection molded body, that is, a molded body molded by injection molding. The molded layer 50 is molded from, for example, a thermosetting material. Here, the thermosetting material is formed by applying heat and pressure. The molded layer 50 is molded from silicone rubber, epoxy resin, phenol resin, or the like as a thermosetting material. For example, the molded layer 50 may be molded from a viscoelastic material such as silicone rubber, for the purpose of exerting the holding force of the mounting member 70 described later.
[0086] Further, as the thermosetting material, a material that can be molded at a temperature lower than the whitening temperature of indium is applied. In particular, as a thermosetting material, silicone rubber that can be molded at a temperature lower than the whitening temperature is suitable. Furthermore, in relation to the molding temperature (whitening temperature), a material taking on a liquid state at room temperature, for example, liquid rubber, is applied as the thermosetting material. However, as the thermosetting material, it is also possible to apply a material taking on semi-solid at room temperature.
[0087] Further, as the thermosetting material, a material having translucency can be applied. For example, a translucent silicone rubber can be applied to the thermosetting material. In this case, if a backlight is provided, the light of the backlight passes through the molded layer 50, the decorative film 30 and the transparent layer 10, and a person can visually recognize the light from the exposed surface of the transparent layer 10.
[0088] Furthermore, the molded layer 50 is disposed on the inner peripheral side of the frame main body 41. In particular, the molded layer 50 is in close contact with whole circumference of the inner peripheral surface of the frame main body 41. That is, the molded layer 50 is formed along the back surface of the base material sheet 31 of the decorative film 30 and the inner peripheral surface of the frame main body 41 and is formed in a bottomed tubular shape in the present example. A concave place is formed at the center on the back surface side of the molded layer 50.
[0089] The decorative molded body 1 further comprises a sealing member 60. The sealing member 60 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the cutout portion 12c on the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. Furthermore, the sealing member 60 is disposed on the outer peripheral side of the frame main body 41. That is, the sealing member 60 is formed in a circumferential shape, that is, over whole circumference at the outer peripheral side of the frame main body 41. In particular, the sealing member 60 is disposed in a state of close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the cutout portion 12c and in a state of close contact with the outer peripheral surface of the frame main body 41. That is, the sealing member 60 has a function of sealing between the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 and the frame main body 41.
[0090] Here, as described above, the decorative film 30 is disposed to be sandwiched between the back surface 12 and the frame main body 41 of the transparent layer 10. Moreover, the sealing member 60 is disposed to straddle the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 and the frame main body 41. Thus, the sealing member 60 buries the outer peripheral edge of the decorative film 30. Therefore, the sealing member 60 has a sealing function and also has a function of improving designability by burying the outer peripheral edge of the decorative film 30.
[0091] The sealing member 60 may be molded from, for example, a thermosetting material. However, the sealing member 60 may also be molded from a thermoplastic material. The sealing member 60 may be molded from the same material as the molded layer 50, for example. That is, the sealing member 60 is molded from silicone rubber, epoxy resin, phenol resin, or the like. The sealing member 60 is molded from a material taking on a liquid state at room temperature.
[0092] Here, the sealing member 60 is adhered directly to the cutout portion 12c of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. That is, the sealing member 60 is visually recognized from the exposed surface which is the surface of the transparent layer 10. Therefore, a coloring material may be used for the sealing member 60. In particular, the sealing member 60 does not appear to have a boundary line at the boundary between the sealing member 60 and the paint layer 20 by making the color the same as that of the paint layer 20.
[0093] That is, the sealing member 60 may be the same color as the paint layer 20. On the other hand, the molded layer 50 may be a translucent material as described above. In this case, the sealing member 60 and the molded layer 50 have different colors. Of course, if the molded layer 50 does not have translucency, the sealing member 60 and the molded layer 50 may have the same color.
[0094] The decorative molded body 1 further comprises a mounting member 70. The mounting member 70 is, for example, a functional component such as an electromagnetic wave radar device or the like. The mounting member 70 is detachably mounted on the back surface side of the molded layer 50. In particular, the mounting member 70 is mounted in the concave place at the back surface side of the molded layer 50. Here, when the molded layer 50 is a viscoelastic body molded from a viscoelastic material, the mounting member 70 is firmly held by the viscoelastic force of the molded layer 50. The housing of the mounting member 70 is molded from, for example, AES resin, polycarbonate resin, acrylic resin, or the like.
[0095] (3. Manufacturing Method of the Decorative Molded Body 1)
[0096] A method of manufacturing the decorative molded body 1 is described with reference to
[0097] (3-1. Overall Flow of the Manufacturing Method)
[0098] The overall flow of the method for manufacturing the decorative molded body 1 is described with reference to
[0099] Further, the decorative film 30 is manufactured (molded) in parallel with the manufacturing of the transparent layer 10 (S3: film preparation step). The decorative film 30 here is formed into a planar and predetermined contour shape. First, in the film preparation step, a strip-shaped sheet which is a material of the decorative film 30 is manufactured (S3a: strip-shaped sheet preparation step). Then, in the film preparation step, by cutting out a predetermined outline shape from the strip-shaped sheet, the decorative film 30 of the planar and predetermined contour is obtained (S3b: film cut step).
[0100] Further, the frame 40 is manufactured in parallel with the manufacturing of the transparent layer 10 and the manufacturing of the decorative film 30 (S4: frame preparation step). The frame 40 is molded, for example, by injection molding. Further, the mounting member 70 is manufactured (S5: mounting member preparation step).
[0101] Subsequently, the transparent layer 10, the decorative film 30, a frame 40 and a mounting member 70, each of which manufactured in parallel, are unitized by molding the molded layer 50 and the sealing member 60 (S6: unitization step). First, in the unitization step, a primary unit is manufactured by disposing the transparent layer 10, the decorative film 30 and the frame 40 in a mold and by molding the molded layer 50 and the sealing member 60 (S6a: primary unit manufacturing step). Here, the molded layer 50 and the sealing member 60 are molded by, for example, injection molding. Moreover, the transparent layer 10 and the frame 40 serve as inserts in molding the molded layer 50 and the sealing member 60. Subsequently, in the unitization step, the mounting member 70 is mounted on the primary unit (S6b: secondary unit manufacturing step).
[0102] As described above, in the film preparation step (S3), the decorative film 30 is molded in a planar and predetermined contour shape. That is, when the decorative film 30 is cut into a predetermined contour shape in a planar shape, the yield of a single piece of the decorative film 30 can be increased. Since the decorative film 30 is relatively expensive among the constituent members of the decorative molded body 1, it is possible to effectively reduce the cost of the decorative molded body 1 by increasing the yield of the decorative film 30.
[0103] Further, since the transparent layer 10 and the frame 40 are inserts, the transparent layer 10 and the frame 40 are pre-molded elements. Furthermore, the decorative film 30 is also pre-molded in the film preparation step (S3). That is, the transparent layer 10, the frame 40 and the decorative film 30 are each pre-molded. Then, in the unitization step of molding the molded layer 50 and the sealing member 60, the transparent layer 10, the frame 40 and the decorative film 30 are integrated. Therefore, the manufacturing steps related to the transparent layer 10, the frame 40 and the decorative film 30 can be made into parallel manufacturing lines. Hence, the yield of the decorative molded body as a product can be increased as compared with the manufacturing line in which each step is in series.
[0104] (3-2. Unitization Step)
[0105] Next, details of the unitization step (S6) are described with reference to
[0106] As shown in
[0107] Subsequently, as shown in
[0108] Subsequently, as shown in
[0109] Here, after the mold matching, in the molds 81, 82 and 83, the transparent layer 10, the frame 40 and the decorative film 30 are disposed. The transparent layer 10 and the frame 40 are disposed in the molds 81, 82 and 83 as inserts for injection molding. In the molds 81, 82 and 83, the center upper cavity A is formed by the upper mold 83, the decorative film 30 and the frame 40. Further, the center lower cavity B is formed by the transparent layer 10 and the decorative film 30. Furthermore, the outer peripheral cavity C is formed by the intermediate mold 82, the cutout portion 12c of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 and the frame 40.
[0110] Here, as described above, the molds 81, 82 and 83 are heated to a predetermined temperature. Therefore, the decorative film 30 is easily deformed by the heat of the molds 81, 82 and 83. Further, when the decorative layer 32 of the decorative film 30 is formed of indium, whitening of indium can be prevented by setting the temperature of the molds 81, 82 and 83 to be equal to or lower than the whitening temperature of indium.
[0111] Subsequently, as shown in
[0112] The supplied molding material is then heated by the molds 81, 82 and 83 and subjected to pressure. Therefore, the molding material supplied to the center upper cavity A is cured and the molded layer 50 is molded. At this time, the decorative film 30 is adhered to the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 with an adhesive. In this way, by supplying the molding material of the molded layer 50 to the molds 81, 82 and 83, the molded layer 50 is molded and at the same time, the decorative film 30 is molded to follow the unevenness of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10.
[0113] Furthermore, simultaneously with the supply of the molding material into the center upper cavity A, as shown in
[0114] Subsequently, as shown in
[0115] (4. Effect of the Decorative Molded Body 1)
[0116] In the decorative molded body 1, the molded layer 50 is molded from a thermosetting material. Thermosetting materials are molded by applying heat and pressure. The decorative film 30 can be formed to follow the unevenness of the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 by the heat and pressure during the molding of the molded layer 50. Therefore, it is possible to make the decorative film 30 follow the shape of the uneven back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10 without performing preforming and by a method different from vacuum forming or vapor deposition. As a result, the decorative molded body 1 can be made at low cost and with good designability.
[0117] Further, the decorative molded body 1 comprises the frame 40 which is an element different from the sealing member 60 and the molded layer 50, it is thereby possible that the frame 40 has a frame function of the decorative molded body 1, i.e., a support function for the transparent layer 10, the decorative film 30, the molded layer 50, and the like. By making the frame 40 having the support function and the molded layer 50 different elements, it is possible to apply materials according to the respective purpose. Therefore, the decorative molded body 1 can be made at low cost and with good designability and can further have a good support function.
[0118] Furthermore, the decorative molded body 1 has the sealing member 60 at the outer peripheral side of the frame 40 on the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. Here, in order to dispose the decorative film 30 in a desired area on the back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10, the outer shape of the decorative film 30 is made slightly larger than the desired area. Furthermore, in order to firmly stick the decorative film 30 to the frame main body 41, the decorative film 30 protrudes to the outer peripheral side of the frame main body 41 in the sticking step (S12). However, even if the outer peripheral edge of the decorative film 30 protrudes toward the outer peripheral side beyond the desired area and the frame main body 41, the decorative film 30 is buried in the sealing member 60 at the same time as the sealing member 60 is molded. Therefore, the designability of the decorative molded body 1 can be improved.
[0119] (5. Others)
[0120] In the above, the case that the molded layer 50 is molded by injection molding is given as an example. In addition to this, by disposing the molding material of the molded layer 50 in a semi-solid state in the center upper cavity A formed between the upper mold 83 and the decorative film 30 and by compression-molding it, the molded layer 50 and the decorative film 30 may be molded.
[0121] (6. Method for Manufacturing a Processed Product Using a Decorative Molded Body)
[0122] A method of manufacturing a processed product 100 using the decorative molded body 1 is described with reference to
[0123] In the method for manufacturing the processed product 100, as shown in
[0124] Subsequently, with respect to the manufactured decorative molded body 1a, the frame 40, molded layer 50 and the sealing member 60 are peeled off from the transparent layer 10 and the decorative film 30 to mold the processed product 100 comprising the transparent layer 10, the paint layer 20 and the decorative film 30 (step S30). In this way, the processed product 100 is manufactured. In the processed product 100, it is possible to make the decorative film 30 follow the shape of the uneven back surface 12 of the transparent layer 10. As a result, the processed product 100 can be made at a low cost and with a good designability.
[0125] The decorative molded body 1a as an intermediate body for manufacturing the processed product 100 may be configured not to have the sealing member 60. Further, the decorative molded body 1a as the intermediate body may be configured not to have the frame 40.
[0126] Further, in the above, the processed product 100 does not include the sealing member 60 as an example, but may have the sealing member 60. In this case, the objects to be peeled off are the frame 40 and the molded layer 50. In this case, in step S30, the frame 40 and the molded layer 50 are peeled off from the transparent layer 10, the decorative film 30 and the sealing member 60, and the processed product 100 comprising the transparent layer 10, the paint layer 20, the decorative film 30 and the sealing member 60 is manufactured.