ISOLATED STENTING WITH DUAL LUMEN ASPIRATION

Abstract

Catheter based systems for isolated stenting of an intravascular lesion can include two expandable occlusion devices with a balloon expandable stent or self-expanding stent therebetween. Expandable occlusion devices can be expanded in a distal direction and a proximal direction in relation to the lesion to occlude vasculature. A treatment agent can be injected into a cavity formed between the expandable occlusion device. A coating can be applied to one or both occlusion devices to prevent adherence to the treatment agent. The stent can be deployed across the lesion while the occlusion devices are in place. Fragments dislodged during stenting can be aspirated.

Claims

1. An intravascular treatment system comprising: a balloon guide catheter comprising: a distal end, a proximal end, a balloon positioned approximate the distal end, an inflation lumen in communication with the balloon, a drug delivery lumen, and a device delivery lumen; and a delivery tube sized to be positioned within the device delivery lumen of the balloon guide catheter, the delivery tube comprising an expandable occluding element thereon.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising: a stent surrounding the delivery tube and positioned in a proximal direction in relation to the expandable occluding element.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising: a sheath surrounding the stent, the stent is self-expandable, the sheath is positioned to inhibit the stent from expanding, and the sheath is movable to allow the stent to expand.

4. The system of claim 3, the expandable occluding element is self-expandable, the sheath is positioned to inhibit the expandable occluding element from expanding, and wherein the sheath is movable to allow the expandable occluding element to expand.

5. The system of claim 3, wherein the expandable occluding element is inflatable.

6. The system of claim 2, the delivery tube further comprises an angioplasty balloon, and the stent surrounds the angioplasty balloon.

7. The system of claim 1, the delivery tube and the balloon on the balloon guide catheter each respectively comprises a coating thereon effective to inhibit adherence with an intravascular lesion sealing agent.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the drug delivery lumen comprises a coating therein to inhibit adherence with an intravascular lesion sealing agent.

9. A method for treating an intravascular lesion in a blood vessel, the method comprising: expanding a distal occlusion element, which is disposed in a distal direction in relation to the lesion, and expanding a proximal occlusion element, which is disposed in a proximal direction in relation to the lesion, thereby creating an isolated cavity in the blood vessel, the isolated cavity containing the lesion; injecting a liquid into the isolated cavity via a first catheter lumen; and aspirating the isolated cavity via a second catheter lumen.

10. The method of claim 9, further comprising: expanding a stent across the lesion within the isolated cavity.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the step of injecting the liquid into the isolated cavity via the first catheter lumen further comprises: injecting an intravascular lesion sealing agent into the isolated cavity via the first catheter lumen.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein steps are performed in the following order: expanding the distal occluding element; expanding the proximal occlusion element; injecting the liquid into the isolated cavity via the first catheter lumen; and expanding the stent across the lesion within the isolated cavity.

13. The method of claim 12, the step of expanding the distal occlusion element further comprises: unsheathing the distal occlusion element to cause the distal occlusion element to self-expand, and the step of expanding the stent across the lesion within the isolated cavity further comprises: unsheathing the stent to cause the stent to self-expand.

14. The method of claim 10, further comprising: aspirating the isolated cavity via the second catheter lumen before expanding the stent across the lesion within the isolated cavity and after expanding the stent across the lesion within the isolated cavity.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein steps are performed in the following order: creating the isolated cavity in the blood vessel, the isolated cavity containing the lesion; expanding the stent across the lesion within the isolated cavity; aspirating fragments from the lesion; injecting the liquid into the isolated cavity via the first catheter lumen, the liquid comprising a lesion treatment agent; aspirating the liquid comprising the treatment agent; injecting a saline solution into the isolated cavity; and collapsing the distal occlusion element and the proximal occlusion element.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein expanding the stent across the lesion within the isolated cavity further comprises inflating an angioplasty balloon over which the stent is positioned.

17. The method of claim 9, further comprising: injecting a saline solution into the isolated cavity via the first catheter lumen while simultaneously aspirating the isolated cavity via the second catheter lumen.

18. The method of claim 9, further comprising: translating an elongated member comprising the distal occlusion element thereon through the second catheter lumen.

19. A method for constructing an intravascular treatment system, the method comprising: selecting a guide catheter comprising a first expandable element thereon, a first lumen, and a second lumen; selecting a delivery tube sized to be positioned within the second lumen, the delivery tube comprising a second expandable occluding element thereon; collapse a stent over the delivery tube; and applying one or more coatings to the first expandable occluding element, the second expandable occluding element, the stent, and an interior of the first lumen, the one or more coatings effective to inhibit adherence with an intravascular lesion sealing agent.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising at least one of the following steps: positioning a sheath over the stent to thereby inhibit expansion of the stent; and positioning an angioplasty balloon under the stent.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] The above and further aspects of this invention are further discussed with reference to the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals indicate like structural elements and features in various figures. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating principles of the invention. The figures depict one or more implementations of the inventive devices, by way of example only, not by way of limitation.

[0029] FIG. 1A is an illustration of an intravascular treatment system during a treatment step, according to aspects of the present invention;

[0030] FIGS. 1B and 1C are cross-sectional views of the treatment system as indicated in FIG. 1A;

[0031] FIGS. 2A through 2J are a sequence of illustrations depicting steps of treatment of an intravascular lesion using the treatment system illustrated in FIGS. 1A through 1C, according to aspects of the present invention;

[0032] FIGS. 3A and 3D are a sequence of illustrations depicting steps of treatment of an intravascular lesion using an alternative treatment system, according to aspects of the present invention;

[0033] FIGS. 3B and 3C are cross-sectional views of the treatment system as indicated in FIG. 3A;

[0034] FIGS. 4A through 4C are a sequence of illustrations depicting steps of treatment of an intravascular lesion using another alternative treatment system, according to aspects of the present invention;

[0035] FIGS. 5A through 5C illustrate variations of a cross-section of a catheter of an intravascular treatment system, according to aspects of the present invention;

[0036] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram outlining steps for treating an intravascular lesion, according to aspects of the present invention; and

[0037] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram outlining steps for constructing an intravascular treatment system, according to aspects of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] FIG. 1A is an illustration of an intravascular treatment system 100a during treatment of a lesion P in a blood vessel BV. FIGS. 1B and 1C are cross-sectional views of the treatment system 100a as indicated in FIG. 1A. FIGS. 2A through 2J illustrate treatment steps using the treatment system 100a illustrated in FIG. 1. Referring collectively to FIGS. 1A through 1C and FIGS. 2A through 2J, the treatment system 100a can include a balloon guide catheter 102 and a delivery tube 108a with a stent 110a carried over the delivery tube 108a. The system 100a can be configured to create an isolated cavity C within a blood vessel BV and deliver the stent 110a and/or other treatments such as drugs and aspiration to a lesion P within the isolated cavity C. The system 100a is elongated along a longitudinal axis 10.

[0039] The balloon guide catheter 102 can include a distal end 124. The balloon guide catheter 102 can further include an expandable element 112 (hereinafter “proximal balloon”) positioned approximate to the distal end 124 of the balloon guide catheter 102.

[0040] The proximal balloon 112 can have a collapsed configuration and an expanded configuration. In the collapsed configuration, the expandable material of the proximal balloon 112 can be collapsed around the balloon guide catheter 102 to allow the balloon guide catheter 102 to traverse vasculature. In the expanded configuration, the proximal balloon 112 can be inflated via the inflation lumen 128. The proximal balloon 112 can be expanded such that the proximal balloon 112 apposes the inner walls of the blood vessel BV.

[0041] Alternatively, the proximal expandable element 112 can be made of porous material. The pores of the proximal expandable element 112 can be sized to inhibit dislodged fragments F from the lesion P from passing through the proximal expandable element 112. The pores of the proximal expandable element 112 can be sized to allow the passage of blood.

[0042] The balloon guide catheter 102 can include one or more lumens. Each lumen can be used independently of one another at the same or different time. Each lumen 116, 118, 128 can facilitate multiple tasks, including aspiration and delivery of drugs and/or components of the systems 100a-c illustrated and described herein. In one example, each lumen can be used simultaneously to perform different treatment steps. The balloon guide catheter 102 can include a drug delivery lumen 118. The drug delivery lumen 118 can enable users of the system 100a to deliver drugs, including ICAD treatment agents 120, through the system 100a directly to the desired location. The drug delivery lumen 118 can include low friction materials and/or standard materials with one or more liners. The liners can include PTFE, polyimide, HDPE, and other similar low friction polymers. Alternatively, or in addition to, the drug delivery lumen 118 can have one or more coatings of material to inhibit the ICAD treatment agent 120 from adhering to the drug delivery lumen 118. The coating of the drug delivery lumen 118 can facilitate delivery of the ICAD treatment agent 120 and prevent residual amounts of the ICAD treatment agent 120 from remaining within the drug delivery lumen 118. The coatings can include low friction materials, including PTFE, plasma treatment, fluoropolymers, and other low friction polymers. The balloon guide catheter 102 can also include a device delivery lumen 116. The device delivery lumen 116 can facilitate delivery of components sized to fit within the device delivery lumen 116, such as the delivery tube 108, to the appropriate location within the vasculature. In one example, the device delivery lumen 116 can be used to aspirate. The balloon guide catheter 102 can also include an inflation lumen 128, as illustrated in FIG. 4B. The inflation lumen 128 can be in fluid communication with the proximal balloon 112 and can used to inflate and deflate the proximal balloon 112. The balloon guide catheter 102 can be sufficiently long such that a proximal end of the balloon guide catheter 102 can be positioned outside the patient when the treatment system 100a is positioned at the lesion P. Configured as such, a user (e.g. physician) can manipulate the proximal end of the balloon guide catheter 102 to position the distal end 124 of the balloon guide catheter 102.

[0043] The delivery tube 108a can be positioned within the device delivery lumen 116 of the balloon guide catheter 102. The delivery tube 108a can be sized to be translatable through the device delivery lumen 116 of the balloon guide catheter 102. The delivery tube 108a can be advanced through the balloon guide catheter 102 and extended in a distal direction 14 from the distal end 124 of the balloon guide catheter 102. The delivery tube 108a can further extend in a distal direction 14 from the lesion P when placed across the lesion P.

[0044] The delivery tube 108a can include a distal balloon 114a. The distal balloon 114a can be expandable such that the distal balloon 114a can appose the inner walls of the blood vessel BV. The delivery tube 108a can include an inflation lumen 132 to inflate the distal balloon 114a.

[0045] The system 100a can include a stent 110a surrounding the delivery tube 108a, as illustrated in cross section in FIGS. 1C and 1n profile in FIG. 2A. The stent 110a can be positioned in a proximal direction 12 from the distal balloon 114a on the delivery tube 108a. When the system 100 is placed for treatment, the stent 110a can be positioned in a distal direction 14 from the proximal balloon 112. The system 100a can include a sheath 106 surrounding the delivery tube 108a and the stent 110a. The sheath can inhibit the stent 110a from self-expanding.

[0046] The proximal balloon 112 can be positioned in a proximal direction 12 from the distal balloon 114a. An isolated cavity C can be created between the proximal balloon 112 and the distal balloon 114a. The isolated cavity C can contain the lesion P. When the proximal balloon 112 and the distal balloon 114a are in an expanded configuration, the proximal balloon 112 and the distal balloon 114a can prevent fragments F from the lesion P from migrating away from the lesion P.

[0047] The system 100a can be delivered over a guidewire 104. The guidewire 104 can facilitate manipulating the system 100a to the site of the lesion P.

[0048] FIGS. 2A through 2J are a sequence of illustrations depicting steps of treatment of an intravascular lesion P using the treatment system 100a including a distal balloon 114a on the delivery tube 108a.

[0049] In FIG. 2A, the intravascular treatment system 100a can be advanced through the vasculature to the lesion P. To reach the position illustrated in FIG. 2A, first a guidewire 104 can be extended through vasculature of the patient and positioned across the lesion P, then the balloon guide catheter 102 and the delivery tube 108a can be translated in the distal direction 14 over the guidewire 104 to the illustrated position. The balloon guide catheter 102 can be advanced until the proximal balloon 112 is in a proximal direction 12 from the lesion P. The delivery tube 108a including the distal balloon 114a in a collapsed configuration can then be translated through the device delivery lumen 116 of the balloon guide catheter 102 and extended from the distal end 124 of the catheter 102. The delivery tube 108a can be extended until the collapsed distal balloon 114a is in a distal direction 14 from the lesion P. The stent 110a in a collapsed configuration can be positioned between the distal balloon 114a and the proximal balloon 112. A sheath 106 can be positioned over the stent 110a while the intravascular treatment system 100a is being positioned within the blood vessel BV. The sheath 106 can prevent the stent 110a from self-expanding at an undesired time or location.

[0050] In FIG. 2B, the distal balloon 114a can be inflated to circumferentially appose walls of the blood vessel BV. Similarly, the proximal balloon 112 can be inflated via the inflation lumen 128 of the balloon guide catheter 102 to circumferentially appose the walls of the blood vessel BV. The expanded distal balloon 114a and the expanded proximal balloon 112 can create an isolated cavity C within the blood vessel BV. The distal balloon 114a can be configured to inflate before, after, or simultaneously with the proximal balloon 112.

[0051] In FIG. 2C, an ICAD treatment agent 120 can be released into the isolated cavity C. The ICAD treatment agent 120 can be delivered through the drug delivery lumen 118 of the balloon guide catheter 102. The balloons 112, 114a can inhibit the treatment agent 120 from migrating away from the treatment area by confining the treatment agent to the cavity C.

[0052] The ICAD treatment agent 120 can be one or more drugs or fluids designed to stabilize the lesion P and/or form a seal against the lesion P. In one example, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can be one or more antiplatelet and/or anticoagulant drugs. The ICAD treatment agent 120 can be a flexible sealing material that can alter shape upon treatment of the lesion P through angioplasty and/or stenting. Further, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can facilitate maintaining open capillary pathways. In one example, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can prevent thrombosis locally by being delivered to a particular location within the blood vessel BV and confined to such particular location through expanded occlusion elements 112, 114a, as illustrated in FIG. 2C. The ICAD treatment agent 120 can be released over a predetermined time period. The time period over which an ICAD treatment agent 120 can be released can be based on the size of the lesion P, location of the lesion P, type of ICAD treatment agent, and other factors. In one example, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can be released when the system 100a comes into contact with a ruptured lesion P. Once a lesion P ruptures, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can be released and allowed to form a seal on the exterior surface of the remaining part lesion P in the blood vessel BV. In another example, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can be released when blood flow becomes stagnant or minimal.

[0053] In some treatments, aspiration can be applied through the aspiration lumen 116 of the balloon guide catheter 102 to prevent pressure buildup in the cavity C due to the addition of the treatment agent 120.

[0054] In FIG. 2D, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can adhere to the exterior surface of the lesion P, forming a seal. The ICAD treatment agent 120 can additionally adhere to the inner walls of the blood vessel BV in one example. Alternatively, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can be designed such that the agent 120 does not adhere to the endothelial layers of the blood vessel BV. The seal of ICAD treatment agent 120 on the lesion P can be flexible, such that the seal can alter shapes during intravascular treatment steps, including inflating and deflating an angioplasty balloon 126 and/or expanding a stent 110a, 110b across the lesion P. The isolated cavity C can be aspirated via an aspiration lumen 116. In one example, the device delivery lumen 116 can serve as the aspiration lumen when an aspiration source is connected to the system 100a.

[0055] In some treatments, saline solution and/or ICAD treatment agent 120 can be supplied through the drug delivery lumen 118 while aspirating to prevent negative pressure and blood vessel collapse in the cavity C.

[0056] In FIG. 2E, the sheath 106 surrounding the stent 110a can be moved in a proximal direction 12 to expose the stent 110a. The stent 110a can self-expand within the lumen of the blood vessel BV and press into the plaque of the lesion P. The stent 110a can be made of material capable of self-expanding to an expanded configuration once the sheath 106 is moved in a proximal direction 12. In one example, the stent 110a can be made of shape memory material. Alternatively, or in addition to, the stent 110a can be made of super elastic material. In one example, the superlattice alloy can be Nitinol or an alloy of similar properties. When the stent 110a is in the expanded configuration, the stent 110a can keep the blood vessel BV open.

[0057] When the stent 110a presses against the lesion P, fragments F can become dislodged. The expanded distal balloon 114a and expanded proximal balloon 112 can confine the fragments F to within the isolated cavity C and prevent the fragments F from travelling proximally or distally through the blood vessel. When an aspiration is applied, the fragments F can be removed from the blood vessel BV. The device delivery lumen 116 of the balloon guide catheter 102 can be dimensioned to provide passage for fragments F to enter the lumen of the balloon guide catheter 102 while the delivery tube 108a is extended therethrough. In one example, a saline solution 130 can be injected into the isolated cavity C while the stent 110a is expanded across the lumen of the blood vessel BV and across the lesion P. Simultaneously or subsequently, the isolated cavity C can be aspirated through the aspiration lumen 116. In one example, the saline solution can be injected into the isolated cavity C and aspirated at the same rate, thereby maintaining the proximal balloon 112 and the distal balloon 114a in an expanded configuration. By injecting and aspirating the saline solution, fragments of the lesion can continue to become dislodged, and subsequently removed from the blood vessel BV.

[0058] In some treatments, saline solution supply rate and aspiration rate can be controlled to manage pressure within the cavity C.

[0059] In FIG. 2F, aspiration can continue via the aspiration lumen 116, causing more fragments F of the lesion P to be dislodged. The fragments F dislodged from the lesion P can continue to be confined to the isolated cavity C and removed through the device delivery lumen 116 of the balloon guide catheter 102.

[0060] In FIG. 2G, the distal balloon 114a can be deflated, while the proximal balloon 112 can remain inflated. Aspiration of fragments F can continue.

[0061] In FIG. 2H, the delivery tube 108a including the deflated distal balloon 114a can be retracted into the device delivery lumen 116 of the balloon guide catheter 102. The expanded stent 110a can remain across the lesion P within the isolated cavity C. Aspiration can continue via the aspiration lumen 116 such that dislodged fragments F of the lesion P can continue to be removed through the lumen of the balloon guide catheter 102. Fragments too large to be aspirated while the delivery tube 108a extends from the distal end 124 of the balloon guide catheter 102 can be aspirated into the balloon guide catheter 102 once the delivery tube 108a is moved proximally into the balloon guide catheter 102.

[0062] In FIG. 2I, the proximal balloon 112 can be deflated. The expanded stent 110a can remain across the lesion P. The ICAD treatment agent 120 can remain as a seal along the exterior surface of the remaining lesion P and along the inner walls of the blood vessel BV, allowing the blood vessel BV to remain open.

[0063] In FIG. 2J, the balloon guide catheter 102 including the proximal balloon 112 can be removed from the blood vessel BV. The expanded stent 110a can be implanted within the blood vessel BV and ICAD treatment agent 120 can remain within the blood vessel BV as a seal around the lesion P and/or inner walls of the blood vessel BV approximate to the lesion P. The combination of the expanded stent 110a and the ICAD treatment 120 seal can keep the blood vessel BV open.

[0064] In one example, the stent 110a can be deployed prior to the injection of the ICAD treatment agent 120. Upon expanding the distal balloon 114a and the proximal balloon 112 as described herein, the sheath 106 surrounding the stent 110a can be moved in a proximal direction 12 to expose the stent 110a. The stent 110a can self-expand within the lumen of the blood vessel BV and press into the plaque of the lesion P. As the stent 110a presses against the plague of the lesion P, fragments F can become dislodged. The isolated cavity C can be aspirated through the aspiration lumen 116 to remove dislodged fragments F. After aspirating the dislodged fragments F, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can be released into the isolated cavity as described in FIG. 2C. Aspiration via the aspiration lumen 116 can aspirate the ICAD treatment agent 120 and any fragments F dislodged as a result of the release of the ICAD treatment agent 120. Upon aspirating the ICAD treatment agent 120, a saline solution can be released into the isolated cavity C. The distal balloon 114a and the proximal balloon 112 can be deflated, and the stent 110a can remain expanded across the lesion P.

[0065] FIGS. 3A and 3D are a sequence of illustrations depicting steps of treatment of an intravascular lesion P using a treatment system 100b having a balloon guide catheter 102 as illustrated in FIGS. 1A through 1C and 2A through 2J and a delivery tube 108b having a similar construction to the delivery tube 108a illustrated in FIGS. 1A through 1C and 2A through 2J with an exception that a distal self-expanding element 114b is used in place of the distal balloon 114a. FIGS. 3B and 3C are cross-sectional illustrations of the system 100b as indicated in FIG. 3A.

[0066] FIGS. 3A through 3D illustrate an intravascular treatment system 100b including a self-expanding distal occlusion element 114b disposed on a delivery tube 108b. As the system 100b is placed across the lesion P as illustrated in FIG. 3A, the self-expanding element 114b can be inhibited from expanding by the sheath 106. The stent 110a can also be inhibited from self-expanding by the sheath 106. As illustrated in FIG. 3D, the sheath can be retracted proximally to allow the self-expanding element 114b to circumferentially appose the wall of the blood vessel BV. The self-expanding element can be impermeable to fluids to effectively seal the blood vessel BV when expanded. The distal occlusion element 114b can be made of shape memory material, including shape memory polymers such as polyurethane. Treatment can proceed following the steps illustrated in FIGS. 2B through 2J. The proximal balloon 112 can be inflated before, after, or simultaneously with the expansion of the distal occlusion element 114b. The stent 110a can be self-expandable, and the sheath 106 can be pulled proximally to allow the stent 110a to self-expand. The delivery tube 108b need not include an inflation lumen 132 (see FIG. 1B) when both the stent 110a and distal occlusion element 114b are self-expandable.

[0067] FIGS. 4A through 4C are a sequence of illustrations depicting steps of treatment of an intravascular lesion P using another alternative treatment system 100c. The intravascular treatment system 100c illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C can have a balloon guide catheter 102 as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2A through 2J, and 3A through 3B and a delivery tube 108c having a similar construction to the delivery tube 108a illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2A through 2J with an exception that a balloon expanded stent 110b is used in place of the self-expandable stent 110a. The system 100c need not include a sheath 106 when neither the stent 110b nor the distal balloon 114a rely on the sheath 106 to inhibit respective self-expansion thereof. Alternatively, the intravascular treatment system 100c illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C can have a delivery tube 108c having a similar construction to the delivery tube 108b illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B with an exception that a balloon expanded stent 110b is used in place of the self-expandable stent 110a. When the system includes a self-expandable distal occlusion element 114b, the system 100c can include a sheath 106 that be positioned to inhibit expansion of the distal occlusion element 114b as illustrated in FIG. 3A that can be moved to allow the distal occlusion element 114b to expand.

[0068] The system 100c can further include an angioplasty balloon 126 disposed on the delivery tube 108c. The angioplasty balloon 126 can be disposed on the delivery tube 108c in the proximal direction from the distal balloon 114a.

[0069] In FIG. 4A, the system 100c can form an isolated cavity C by expanding the proximal balloon 112 and the distal balloon or self-expanding element 114a, 114b. Expanding the distal occlusion element 114a, 114b can be achieved with steps illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B when the distal occlusion element is inflatable and can be achieved with steps illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B when the distal occlusion element is self-expandable. The stent 110b need not be sheathed to inhibit expansion. Following the step illustrated in FIG. 4A, the treatment can include delivery and aspiration of a treatment agent 120 similar to as illustrated in FIGS. 2C and 2D,

[0070] In FIG. 4B, the angioplasty balloon 126 can be inflated. When the angioplasty balloon is inflated, the stent 110b covering the angioplasty balloon 126 can also be expanded. The angioplasty balloon 126 can be inflated to press the stent 110b into the lesion P. In some treatments, the angioplasty balloon 126 can expand the blood vessel BV. In one example, the angioplasty balloon 126 can include a compliant membrane that allows the angioplasty balloon 126 to expand to a desired size. The angioplasty balloon 126 can further include a non-compliant wrap configured to restrict the expanded size of the angioplasty balloon 126. The angioplasty balloon 126 can be inflated while the proximal balloon 112 and the distal occlusion element 114a, 114b remain inflated.

[0071] In FIG. 4C, the angioplasty balloon 126 can be deflated while the stent 110b remains expanded against the lesion P and implanted within the blood vessel BV. Inflation and deflation of the angioplasty balloon 126 can dislodge fragments F of the lesion P. The fragments F can be inhibited from flowing from the lesion site P due to the expanded proximal balloon 112 and the distal balloon 114a. Following the step illustrated in FIG. 4C, the treatment steps can proceed as illustrated in FIGS. 2E through 2J.

[0072] In one example, the sequence for treating an intravascular lesion P can be conducted in a particular order. In some treatments, the distal occlusion element 114a, 114b and the proximal balloon 112 can be expanded simultaneously. Alternatively, the distal occlusion element 114a, 114b can be first expanded to first block the blood flow downstream, then the proximal balloon 112 can then expanded to block blood flow to the lesion P. Alternatively, the proximal balloon 112 can be inflated first prior to the system 100a crossing the lesion P.

[0073] Regardless of the order of expansion of the proximal balloon 112 and distal occlusion element 114a, 114b, once expanded, the proximal balloon 112 and distal occlusion element 114a, 114b can be effective to create the isolated cavity C containing the lesion P. Next, the ICAD treatment agent 120 can be injected into the isolated cavity C via the drug delivery lumen 118. Lastly, the stent 110a, 110b disposed on the delivery tube 108a-c can be expanded into the lesion within the isolated cavity and implanted within the blood vessel BV. The stent can 110a, 110b can press against the plague of the lesion P causing fragment F to become dislodged.

[0074] In some treatments, the isolated cavity C can be aspirated before expanding the stent 110a, 110b into the lesion P and after expanding the stent 110a, 110b across the lesion. Alternatively, the isolated cavity C can be aspirated only after expanding the stent 110a, 110b across the lesion P. Alternatively, the isolated cavity C can be aspirated simultaneously while the stent 110a is self-expanding within the blood vessel BV.

[0075] In one example, the delivery tube 108a-c and the balloon guide catheter 102 of the intravascular treatment system 100a-c can have one or more coatings of material to inhibit adherence with the ICAD treatment agent 120. Further, in one example, the proximal balloon 112 and the distal occlusion element 114a, 114b can have one or more coatings of material to inhibit adherence with the ICAD treatment agent 120.

[0076] FIGS. 5A through 5C illustrates variations of a cross-section of the balloon guide catheter 102 of the intravascular treatment system 100a-c. FIG. 4A illustrates a balloon guide catheter 102 having a distal end 124 and a proximal end 122 and a balloon 112 disposed proximate to the distal end 124 of the catheter 102. The balloon guide catheter 102 can include one or more lumens, such that each lumen can facilitate multiple tasks, including aspiration and delivery of drugs and/or components of the system 100a-c.

[0077] FIG. 5B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a proximal portion relative to the proximal balloon 112 of the balloon guide catheter 102. The balloon guide catheter 102 can include a device delivery lumen 116, a drug delivery lumen 118, and an inflation lumen 128. The delivery tube 108a-c can be sized to fit within the device delivery lumen 116. The device delivery lumen 116 can also be the aspiration lumen. The drug delivery lumen 118 can facilitate delivery of the ICAD treatment agent 120 and saline solution to the isolated cavity C within the blood vessel BV. The inflation lumen 128 be in fluid communication with the proximal balloon 112 and be configured to inflate and deflate the proximal balloon 112.

[0078] FIG. 5C illustrates a cross-sectional view of a distal end 124 of the balloon guide catheter 102. At the distal end 124, the balloon guide catheter 102 can include a device delivery lumen 116 and a drug delivery lumen 118.

[0079] FIG. 6 is a flow diagram of a method 200 for treating an intravascular lesion. In step 202, an isolated cavity can be created in a blood vessel surrounding a lesion.

[0080] In step 204, a liquid can be injected into the isolated cavity via a first catheter lumen. The liquid can be an ICAD treatment agent designed to stabilize the lesion and/or form a seal against the lesion.

[0081] In step 206, the isolated cavity can be aspirated via a second catheter lumen. The second catheter lumen can be independent from the first catheter lumen.

[0082] In step 208, a stent can be expanded across the lesion within the isolated cavity.

[0083] FIG. 7 is a flow diagram of a method 300 for treating an intravascular lesion. In step 302 a guide catheter having two or more lumens therethrough and a first expandable occlusion element is selected. The guide catheter can be a balloon guide catheter as illustrated and described herein, a variation, thereof, or an alternative thereto as appreciated and understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art according to the teaching herein.

[0084] In step 304, a delivery tube translatable within a lumen of the guide catheter and having a second expandable element can be selected. The delivery tube can be a delivery tube 108a-c as illustrated and described herein, a variation, thereof, or an alternative thereto as appreciated and understood by a person having ordinary skill in the art according to the teaching herein.

[0085] In step 306, a stent can be collapsed over the delivery tube.

[0086] In step 308, the first and second expandable elements and a different lumen of the guide catheter than the lumen through which the delivery tube is translatable can be coated with a material effective to inhibit adherence of such components with an intravascular lesion sealing agent.

[0087] The descriptions contained herein are examples of embodiments of the invention and are not intended in any way to limit the scope of the invention. As described herein, the invention contemplates many variations and modifications of the intravascular treatment system, including alternative materials, alternative device structures, alternative treatment steps, etc. Modifications apparent to those having skill in the pertinent art to which this invention relates and are intended to be within the scope of the claims which follow.