DONEES AND DONORS MATCHING PLATFORM WITH DONEE VALIDATION AND NEEDS VERIFICATION
20210398179 · 2021-12-23
Assignee
Inventors
Cpc classification
G06Q30/0201
PHYSICS
G06F3/0484
PHYSICS
G06Q30/0633
PHYSICS
International classification
G06Q10/06
PHYSICS
Abstract
A donees and donors matching platform with donee validation and needs verification is provided. In some embodiments, the platform is a computer system for matching donors and donees comprising a processor, programmed with computer instructions, which when executed, cause the processor to: present a graphical user interface for matching donors and donees, including a portion for presenting an option for a donee to register with the system and a portion for presenting an option for the donee to state their needs; execute a validation algorithm to validate the donee's identity and the donee's stated needs; and present a graphical user interface portion that displays a validated donee's verified needs and a portion that presents an option for a donor to fulfill at least some of the verified needs.
Claims
1. A computer system for matching donors and donees, the system comprising: at least one processor; an event management module configured to enable a system administrator to create and manage system supported events, wherein each event represents a particular natural or man-made disaster or crisis that has adversely impacted multiple individuals, and wherein donees are those individuals who claim a need as a result of being impacted by one of the events; and a computer-readable storage medium having instructions stored thereon which are executable by the at least one processor and which when executed, cause the processor to: present a first graphical user interface including a portion allowing a first donee to register with the system; present a second graphical user interface including a portion allowing the first donee to select a first event representing a first natural or man-made disaster or crisis that has impacted the first donee; present, in response to the first donee selecting a first event, a third graphical user interface including a portion displaying one or more resource types associated with the first event by the system, and allowing the first donee to select a first resource type of the displayed resource types; present, in response to the first donee selecting a first resource type, a fourth graphical user interface including a portion displaying one or more resources associated with the first event by the system, and allowing the first donee to identify the first donee's needs related to the first event from the displayed resources; execute a validation algorithm to validate the first donee's identity and the first donee's identified needs, wherein the validation algorithm comprises a detection and decisioning algorithm configured to automatically obtain data regarding the first donee, the identified needs and the first event and generate a needs score according to rules stored in the system to assess the first donee's integrity for the identified needs for the first event; present a fifth graphical user interface portion displaying the verified needs of the first donee based on the result of the executed validation algorithm; and present a sixth graphical user interface portion allowing a first donor to fulfill at least some of the verified needs of the first donee.
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. The system of claim 1 further comprising an electronic marketplace for matching donees and donors, including an ecommerce component including a seventh graphical user interface allowing the first donee to create an electronic shopping basket, as part of the first donee's identification of needs related to the first event, with specific items and an eighth graphical user interface allowing the first donor to identify the first donee and purchase the specific items in the electronic shopping basket for the first donee.
5. The system of claim 4 wherein the items comprise a subset of items available from a trusted third party retailer, and the validation algorithm comprises a portion configured to validate the third party retailer.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a resources/needs matching component, a set of application programming interfaces (APIs) to an ecommerce platform, a rules engine adapted to create and store the rules used by the validation algorithm, a scoring module adapted to generate the needs score and a data management module adapted to obtain, manage, and store data needed by the system.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the computer instructions, when executed, further cause the processor to: determine, via a resource filter module. the resources associated with the first event based on characteristics of the first event.
8. The system of claim 7, comprising one or more event templates stored in the computer-readable storage medium and which are configured to provide a consistent set of information and rules for particular event types.
9. The system of claim 1 wherein for each event, the system stores event information including event type and information regarding one or more of the magnitude, geographic scope and other event information.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein graphical user interface displaying one or more resource types associated with the first event further comprises displaying a plurality of resource types associated with the first event.
11. The system of claim 6, wherein the resources/needs matching component comprises a ninth graphical user interface allowing the first donee to publish the first donee's needs related to the first event through the system and a tenth graphical user interface allowing donors to find the first donee, view the first donee's needs, select the first donee, and make resources available to meet the first donee's needs.
12. The system of claim 1, further comprising a set of APIs to facilitate the ability for donees and donors to automatically be connected to predetermined ecommerce platforms or other online systems through which needed resources may be obtained, the fourth graphical user interface comprising a portion allowing a first donee to view and select resources available from at least one of the predetermined ecommerce platforms or other online systems, and further comprising an ecommerce basket for storing and displaying the resources selected by the first donee.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the fourth graphical user interface comprises a portion allowing the first donor to view and select some or all of the resources in the ecommerce basket and buy the resources for the first donee.
14. The system of claim 1, comprising a rules engine adapted to create and store rules relating to needs verification, a scoring module adapted to generate a needs score; and a validation module adapted to generate a validity score to assess the validity of a donee's needs for an event.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the rules engine comprises electronically stored rules relating to validating events, and the instructions further cause the processor to: determine the suitability of resources prior to the first donee's selection of one or more resources; and determine what resources are displayed or accessible to the donee via the fourth graphical user interface as the one or more resources associated with the first event.
16. The system of claim 15 comprising a scoring module configured to generate one or more scores by applying the rules for a given event type using data about the first event and the first donee.
17. The system of claim 1 comprising a data management module that obtains, manages, and stores data needed by the system, including one or more data about events, donors, donees and resources.
18. The system of claim 1, the instructions further cause the processor to present, in the fourth graphical user interface, links to sources of the one or more resources.
19. (canceled)
20. The system of claim 1, wherein the system allows a second donee to register with the system, select the first event, and identify the second donee's needs related to the first event, and the instructions further cause the processor to: generate a second needs score to assess the second donee's integrity for the identified needs for the first event; generate a relative ranking of the first and second donees identifying which is more in need; and based on the generated relative ranking, displaying, on the fifth graphical user interface, the donee with greater need in a higher ranked position.
21. The system of claim 1, further comprising a rules engine adapted to create and store the rules used by the validation algorithm; and a scoring module adapted to generate the needs score, wherein the needs score comprises one or more scores based on stored rules for a given event type and data about the first event and the first donee.
22. The system of claim 21, wherein the needs score comprises an access verification score, the access verification score generated based on a set of criteria from the following; the validity that the first event occurred; a probability the first donee was impacted by the first event; a credibility of the magnitude of the first donee impact; a weighted value of first donee need; and a confirmation of first donee identity.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] The present disclosure, in accordance with one or more various embodiments, is described in detail with reference to the following figures. The figures are provided for purposes of illustration only and merely depict typical or example embodiments.
[0021]
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[0029]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0030] It will be appreciated by those having skill in the art that the implementations described herein may be practiced without these specific details or with an equivalent arrangement. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the implementations of the invention.
[0031]
[0032] The event management module 106 for managing supported events may enable the creation of events to be supported by the system. One or more event templates may be created, stored and used to provide a consistent set of information and rules for various event types. Examples of some events are shown in
[0033] The resources/needs matching component 108 may comprise a set of graphical user interfaces that may enable donees to identify their needs and publish this information through the system and graphical user interfaces that may enable donors to find the donees, view their needs, select a donee and make resources available to meet the donee's needs. Examples of sample interfaces are provided below.
[0034] The system may also include a set of APIs 116 to an ecommerce platform and/or other systems for obtaining other resources. For example, an API may connect to an ecommerce system of a validated partner (e.g., an online retailer) such that donees can select available resources (e.g., products or services) that they need and add them to an ecommerce basket. When a donor elects to provide some or all of the resources to the donee, the donor may select the basket (and/or portions thereof) and buy the items through the online retailer. The system APIs facilitate the ability for donors select the items and automatically be connected to the ecommerce platform.
[0035] According to another aspect of the invention the system may include a rules engine 110 for creating and storing rules relating to needs verification and a scoring module for generating needs scores. The rules may be electronically stored rules relating to validating events and a donee's stated needs. Examples of some of the type of rules are described below. The scoring module 114 may be used to generate one or more scores by applying the rules for a given event type using data about the event and the individual donee. Examples of some of the types of scores are described below.
[0036] According to another aspect of the invention the system may include a data management module 118 for obtaining, managing and storing data needed by the system. The data may include data about events, donors, donees, resources, and partners, among other types of data. The data may include data entered into the system by system administrators, donors, donees and partners. It may also include data automatically obtained by the system, including for example, data obtained about donee's from publicly available sources to verify the claimed needs of donees.
[0037] With reference to
[0038] According other technical aspects of the invention, the system may include a resource filter module 108 that includes programming instructions to determine the suitability of resources for a selected event, e.g., the goods and services based on the likely needs of donees based on a variety of factors, including for example, the event characteristics, the locale of the event and/or other factors. Additionally, the system may include programming instructions 104 to calculate a needs score for different donees and provide a relative ranking to determine the donees most in need. Based on the ranking, the system may include programming instructions to display the donees with greater need in a higher ranked position. Other techniques may be used to ensure that the resources flow to those individuals most in need first.
[0039] By way of example the system may include programming instructions to make a determination of the suitability of needs to determine whether a set of available goods and services are suitable for the donee, prior to the donee explicitly requesting support (e.g., placing the goods or services in their basket) for a said item. Similar to the financial sector where a customer is assessed for “suitability” of a loan or financial aid, a suitability micro-score may be generated to determine the needs of a donee based on a variety of factors. The needs micro-score may be used by programming instructions to determine what is displayed and/or accessible to the donee on the platform. The programming instructions may be configured such that the platform does not display or make available to the donee resources (e.g., goods or services) that are not deemed within reason for the donee's impact claim and/or where the good or service benefit does not outweigh the cost. By way of example, the score may take into account information about the donee prior to the event, the impact of the event and the likely current needs of the donee based on the event. In the case of a loan, a loan for 250K would not be rendered to an individual on the platform who has debt of 100K, and no secured assets that exceed the value of the loan.
[0040] By way of further example the system may include programming instructions to make a determination of the, the calculation of the score may take into consideration various factors, including for example: [0041] Financial Score: relative financial suitability based on value of the net worth, assets and/or prior lifestyle of the individual [0042] Urgency of Critical Resources Score: relative value of items that are most needed based on trending analysis [0043] Relative ranking of the request based on hierarchy of needs based on event impact
Other factors may be used and different factors may be used based on different events and needs.
[0044] By way of example the system may include programming instructions to make a determination of the relative ranking of needs scores. For example, the system may calculate a stack ranking of donees from most urgent and eligible to least urgent and eligible. Based on urgency and/or eligibility, donees request may be stacked rank (e.g., similar to the result set from a google search), validating that donees with the most urgent needs (e.g., food, water, pharmacy) are met first. Once basic needs are met, prioritization may be determined based on the categorization of necessary and discretionary human needs. The platform 100 may systematically, and continuously rank each donee and/or donee request as new information is provided and the population of events and donees evolve. The algorithm may create a relative ranking taking into consideration, for example, the following: [0045] Access Verification Score [0046] Suitability of Needs Score [0047] Eligibility of Needs [0048] Relative aggregate cost of needs [asking or 1M worth of needs or 1K] [0049] Alternative Contributions programs [insurance, local community activity, family associated, unemployment]
[0050] Similar to student financial aid, donees will be ranked, continuously, allowing for the individuals with the most urgent needs to be surfaced and fulfilled first, accelerating a faster path to recovery.
[0051] As shown for example in
[0052] As shown for example in
[0053] As shown for example in
[0054] As shown for example in
[0055]
[0056] An important technology tool that the system may use is a validation module 122 (
[0057] By way of example, the tables below show some of the variables and micro-scores. While the AVS may be an aggregate score of a collection of micro-scores; micro-scores will be generated to inform the AVS and/or to be used independently. The term AVS is used for convenience of reference only. The scores may include a variety of types of scores that are generated according the rules stored in the system.
[0058] To facilitate this, according to another aspect of the invention, the system may include a rules engine 110 for creating and storing rules relating to needs verification and a scoring module for generating needs scores. The rules may be electronically stored rules relating to validating events, donee's stated needs, donors resources, and/or other items to be validated. Examples of some of the type of rules are described below. The scoring module 114 may be used to generate one or more scores by applying the rules for a given event type using data about the event and the individual donee and other factors as desired. Examples of some of the types of scores are described below. Application of the scores may be determined by use case, context, and economic value of request.
[0059] Nodes of related variables which could be used to derive a particular AVS score may include but are not limited to, type of request, the context surrounding request, explicit data inputs, inferences, known fraud scores to validate or invalidate the claim when triangulated around what is a known truth, i.e., did an event in said location occur and was the individual impacted in such a manner as to be rendered in need of help.
[0060] EXAMPLE: Calculating the access verification score that a family of X living in Y city lost all belongings in a Z disaster. Result set is a score that would validate that said family's need for critical resources. [0061] Cal A: Validity that Disaster Occurred [0062] Cal B: Probability that individual Impacted [0063] Cal C: Credibility of the magnitude of individual impact [0064] Cal D: Weighted value of need ask based on raw value of total requests [0065] Cal E: Confirmation of individual identity
TABLE-US-00001 Value Measurement Variable Inputs Output Weight A Disaster Disaster Tracking Data Binary: .10 Occurred Trending Searches Google 1 or 0 State of Emergency Declarations Fed | Local B Proximity to Average Radius Maximum Score .20 Disaster Wind | of Disaster Type 1-10 Address of Individual & GPS | IP of Individual Device Address within 80% radius Incidence of Insurance Claims Relative to Location C Magnitude of User submitted requests Score .30 Disaster Pictures of user assets 1-10 Impact Average of Value of Insurance Claims Related to Disaster D Validity of Requested needs Score .30 Requests Pictures of impacted assets 1-10 Total value of requests Quality of life pre disaster E Confirmation Email Address Score .10 of Identity Phone Number 1-10 Address Validation TOTAL ACCESS VERIFICATION SCORE #
The output of AVS will be used to decision and approve the request of the individual in accordance with rules stored in the system (e.g. that the score is greater than some threshold).
Example Input Variables
[0066] The following are examples of variables that may be used. This is not a comprehensive list. Other variables may be used. This also shows an example of a source for the information and the variable type. For the variable types stored in the system, the system may store and use the source to identify from where the system may obtain the data.
TABLE-US-00002 Variable Sample Source Variable Type Name System Explicit Phone Number System Explicit Email Address System Explicit Physical Address System Explicit Pre/Post Paid Phone Plan Payfone Implicit #Children Census Implicit | Explicit #Dependents Census Implicit | Explicit Kids Ages Census | Commerce Trxs Implicit | Explicit Homeowner Plaid Implicit Mortgage Value Plaid Implicit Professional Title LinkedIn Implicit Tenure With Company LinkedIn Implicit Self Employed LinkedIn Implicit Average Income GlassDoor Implicit Car Owner Insurance Provider Implicit Car Type | Age Insurance Provider Implicit Uber/Lyft Rating Uber/Lyft Implicit AirBnB Rating AirBnB Implicit Quality of Life Facebook | Instagram Implicit Credit worthiness Credit Scores | Alternatives Implicit Cash on Hand Plaid Implicit EE Needs Request System Explicit Damaged Goods TruePic Explicit Unemployment claims Government Implicit Fraud Complaints Federal Trade Commission Implicit Transportation Patterns Waze | Google Maps Implicit Insurance Policy (personal Insurance Provider Explicit items or umbrella coverage) Velocity of insurance Score Insurance Provider Explicit Facebook or instagrams Facebook | Twitter Implicit Twitter word monitoring Credit Loan Debit Plaid Explicit Spending Categories Plaid Implicit Complaints On Social Platform | Rating Social media Implicit Score Uber|AirBnB|Upwork|Fiveer Device Data [IP, Type] Payfone Implicit Area Zipcode Event Proximity Disaster Proximity | Zillow Implicit Average Home Value Proximity to Disaster https://www.dataminr.com/ Implicit
Example of Micro-Scores
[0067]
TABLE-US-00003 Urgency of In- Type of Event demand Critical Historical Data on Most In-demand Needs Services Trending Data on Most In-demand Needs Contextual Categories In-demand Needs Severity of Impact Relative To Others Financial Score FICO Alternative Score Liquidity | Balance Financial Institutions Mobility Score Commuting Patterns Most Frequent Modality of Movement Vehicle Ownerships Auto Insurance Medical Score Frequency of Visits Age and History Pre Existing Conditions Prescriptions Chronic or Acute Conditions Medical Insurance Infrastructure Dwelling Address Score Value of Dwelling Basics Pre-Event Property Insurance Personal Insurance Commerce Score Necessity vs. Discretionary Spend Brands Purchased More Frequently From Channel of Buying Social Score Twitter Followers LinkedIn Followers FB|Insta| Followers Contacts Average Messages Breath of Network Behavioral Score Assisting Others Context Tweets | Retweets Charity Associations Donations Patterns Media Mentions Actions in NextDoor Food Insecurity Food Supply [Foodbank, Schools, Home] Score Food Choices Frequency of Dining Out Average Cost Per Meal FoodStamps Used Identity Score Government ID Tax ID | SSN 3rd Party Verification Social Links Criminal PEP | Sanctions Activity Score Property Crimes Violent Crimes Sex Crimes Traffic Violations Fraud Activity | Complaints Sentiment Score Emotive Communications on Social Language on Communication Apps Device Behavior Search Statistics Heart Rate | Apple Device Community Infra Town Population Score % Town Impacted Proximity to Large City Average Home Value Average Salary Economic Costs Economic Value of Requested Claims Score Time Horizon, Economic Impact of No Fulfillment of Claims Basket of Goods vs. Medical Bills, Medical Bills higher economic value and high impact on accelerating recovery
[0068] Use case 1: Guest request use of a home on AirBnB under the claim that they are impacted by the California wildfires. [0069] Claim: Access to Open Homes Listing on AirBnB provided by homeowners who want to help individuals displaced by California wildfire. [0070] Outcome: A validity threshold of the AVS to initiate approval of the transaction. [0071] Variables Signals Pre Booking [0072] Address verification of requestor [0073] Affordability of AirBnB home based on income level [5M home rented but income level only to substantiate a 250K home based on lifestyle] [0074] Location and trajectory of California wildfires [0075] Device location of requester [0076] Air quality in proximity to requester device location [0077] Timing of requester booking to event claim [family reunion] [0078] Statistical probability of people with asthma [google search compared to claim] [0079] Family size based on linked in social networks [0080] Previous behaviors, complaints, score on AirBnB [0081] Scores and comments on other platforms, Uber, LinkedIn, FB, Instagram [0082] Variables Signals During Booking to ensure Integrity of Provided AVS [0083] Social Postings, Individual and activity at address [0084] Density of activity at location 13 people vs. 100 people [0085] Formal complaints to authorities [0086] Sentiment commentary within NextDoor for particularly home location
[0087] Use case 2: Individual(s) request a basket of goods via a Branded Website [Everest—Walmart] to support their basic needs during after being impacted by COVID-19 [0088] Claim: Access to goods that are purchased by the good intentions of others, is made available to individuals who have been validated that they need those goods and cannot reasonably purchase those goods themselves. [0089] Outcome: A validity threshold of the AVS to initiate approval of a request for access. [0090] Variables Signals Pre-Request for Access to Goods [0091] Address verification of requestor [0092] Ownership or Not of home [0093] Value of home and average income of area [0094] Number of children, Age of Kids [0095] Items Needed for Kids of Said ages [pedialyte] [0096] Employed before COVID-19 Impact [before February 1t] [0097] Unemployment claims in last 3 months [0098] Social channels, pictures of children [0099] Natural language detection in postings to support claim of single, unemployed [0100] mother and 5 kids [0101] Device location of requester [0102] Family size based on linked in social networks [0103] Previous behaviors, complaints, score on AirBnB|Uber, Other [0104] Scores and comments on other platforms, Uber, LinkedIn, FB, Instagram [0105] Variables Signals During Booking to ensure Integrity of Provided AVS [0106] Social listening of requester, postings, Individual and activity at address, sentiment [0107] Reselling or posting of any listed good that were provided access to [0108] Other requests for support across other marketplaces [Social Benefits, RedCross, CrowdFunding]
[0109] Use case 3: Individual(s) are burdened by medical debt and list their outstanding bills as a need with the goal of getting help paying it off. This assumes that access to help with medical bills is more of a critical need than providing cash or basic goods; medical bills provide relief in perpetuity vs. 1× relief. [0110] Claim: Confirmation that medical bills posted by debt collectors and individuals to receive payoff contributions, are legitimate requests. [0111] Outcome: A validity threshold of the AVS to initiate approval of the listing and transaction. [0112] Variables|Signals Pre Booking [0113] Assume medical bills will be provided by debt collectors, so validity of medical bill is confirmed [0114] Aging of medical bills, payment attempts [0115] Ratio of medical spending relative to other spending [0116] Total debt relative to medical debt [0117] Credit score [0118] Unexpected, uninfluential events impacting individuals lifestyle (i.e., a bad divorce could have created a need vs bad life decisions) [0119] Categories of transactions and expenditures [cards, banks etc.], to assume excess money is not spent [0120] Pharmaceutical prescriptions, frequency of purchasing and refilling [0121] LinkedIn profiles average income [0122] Address verification of requestor [0123] Ownership or Not of home [0124] Value of home and average income of area [0125] Number of children, Age of Kids [0126] Unemployment claims in last 3 months [0127] Variables|Signals During Booking to ensure Integrity of Provided AVS [0128] Additional medical bills created post predetermined date [0129] Categories of transactions and expenditures [cards, banks etc.], answers
[0130] The description of the functionality provided by the different instructions described herein is for illustrative purposes, and is not intended to be limiting, as any of instructions may provide more or less functionality than is described. For example, one or more of the instructions may be eliminated, and some or all of its functionality may be provided by other ones of the instructions. As another example, processor(s) 112 may be programmed by one or more additional instructions that may perform some or all of the functionality attributed herein to one of the instructions.
[0131] The various instructions described herein may be stored in electronic storage, which may comprise random access memory (RAM), read only memory (ROM), and/or other memory. In some implementations, the various instructions described herein may be stored in electronic storage of one or more components of system 100 and/or accessible via a network (e.g., via the Internet, cloud storage, and/or one or more other networks). The electronic storage may store the computer program instructions (e.g., the aforementioned instructions) to be executed by processor(s) 112 as well as data that may be manipulated by processor(s) 112. The electronic storage may comprise floppy disks, hard disks, optical disks, tapes, or other storage media for storing computer-executable instructions and/or data.
[0132] Implementations of the disclosure may be made in hardware, firmware, software, or any suitable combination thereof. Aspects of the disclosure may be implemented as instructions stored on a machine-readable medium, which may be read and executed by one or more processors. A machine-readable medium may include any mechanism for storing or transmitting information in a form readable by a machine (e.g., a computing device). For example, a tangible computer readable storage medium may include read only memory, random access memory, magnetic disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory devices, and others, and a machine-readable transmission media may include forms of propagated signals, such as carrier waves, infrared signals, digital signals, and others. Firmware, software, routines, or instructions may be described herein in terms of specific exemplary aspects and implementations of the disclosure, and performing certain actions.
[0133] Although illustrated in
[0134] The various components illustrated in
[0135] The one or more databases described herein may be, include, or interface to, any suitable electronic data storage system and may comprise one or more such databases that reside in one or more physical devices and in one or more physical locations. The one or more databases may store a plurality of types of data and/or files and associated data or file descriptions, administrative information, or any other data in accordance with various data schemas.
[0136] For purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the description. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that implementations of the disclosure can be practiced without some of these specific details. In some instances, modules, structures, processes, features, and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring the description. In other instances, functional block diagrams and flow diagrams are shown to represent data and logic flows. The components of block diagrams and flow diagrams (e.g., modules, blocks, structures, devices, features, etc.) may be variously combined, separated, removed, reordered, and replaced in a manner other than as expressly described and depicted herein.
[0137] Reference in this specification to “one implementation”, “an implementation”, “some implementations”, “various implementations”, “certain implementations”, “other implementations”, “one series of implementations”, or the like means that a particular feature, design, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the implementation is included in at least one implementation of the disclosure. The appearances of, for example, the phrase “in one implementation” or “in an implementation” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same implementation, nor are separate or alternative implementations mutually exclusive of other implementations. Moreover, whether or not there is express reference to an “implementation” or the like, various features are described, which may be variously combined and included in some implementations, but also variously omitted in other implementations. Similarly, various features are described that may be preferences or requirements for some implementations, but not other implementations.
[0138] The language used herein has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and it may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter. Other implementations, uses and advantages of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. The specification should be considered exemplary only, and the scope of the invention is accordingly intended to be limited only by the following claims.