Abstract
A vertical take-off and landing (“VTOL”) aircraft has at least two flying wings (“FW”) with each FW equipped with multiple transverse-radial propellers or a propulsion system for producing a lift force and thrust force on the stationary or non-stationary FW. This VTOL/FWA is capable of exchanging payloads horizontally, as well as vertically, with a stationary or a moving object. In particular, the VTOL/FWA can “walk” on a building wall to adjust and anchor its position in order to rescue people from a high-rise-building window horizontally.
Claims
1. A VTOL aircraft for performing rescue missions horizontally through high rise buildings comprising: a fuselage with at least two flying-wings located on top adjacent opposite front and rear ends of the fuselage; a telescopic walking plank extending from the rear end of said fuselage; and, a plurality of extendible legs extending from said rear end of said fuselage each having a foot adapted to rest on an outside wall of a building, said walking plank adapted to penetrate a window of said building for allowing individuals to enter said aircraft; and each flying wing having clusters of reaction control jets on each wing tip of said flying wings for controlling the flying wing azimuth angle orientation relative to fuselage longitudinal axis.
2. The aircraft according to claim 1, further comprising trans-verseradial propellers on both flying wings.
3. The aircraft according to claim 1, further comprising independent propulsion systems on a left side and a right side of each flying wing.
4. The aircraft according to claim 3, wherein said independent propulsion systems simultaneously generate lift force and thrust force vectors on said flying wings.
5. The aircraft according to claim 3, wherein said independent propulsion systems are on a top surface of each side of each said flying wing pushing air over the top surface of the wing.
6. The aircraft according to claim 5, wherein the propulsion systems move air over the top surface of the flying wing at faster speed than the air speed moved over the bottom surface of the flying wing thereof.
7. The aircraft according to claim 6, wherein the propulsion systems generate a lift-force vector on a stationary flying wing.
8. The aircraft according to claim 6, wherein the propulsion systems generate a lift-force vector on a non-stationary flying wing.
9. The aircraft according to claim 3, wherein said independent propulsion systems are on a bottom surface of each side of each said flying wing pushing air over the bottom surface of the wing.
10. The aircraft according to claim 3, wherein said independent propulsion systems are on a top surface of each side of each said flying wing.
11. The aircraft according to claim 10, wherein the propulsion systems move air over the top surface of the flying wing at faster speed than the air speed moved over the bottom surface of the flying wing thereof.
12. The aircraft according to claim 10, wherein the flying wing includes a flying wing flap having a top surface and the propulsion systems move air over the top surface of the flying wing flap at faster or equal speed of the air speed moved by propulsion systems on the top surface of the flying wing.
13. The aircraft according to claim 12, wherein the propulsion systems simultaneously generate both lift-force vector and thrust force vector on a flying wing.
14. The aircraft according to claim 1, wherein each said flying wing has two independent degrees of freedom with respect to a frame of said fuselage.
15. The aircraft according to claim 14, wherein each said flying wing independently tilts (β) up-and-down about a wing-span axis.
16. The aircraft according to claim 14, wherein each said flying wing independently rotates (φ) in a horizontal plane above the fuselage.
17. The aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion systems generate thrust-force vectors on the flying wing.
18. The aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion systems generate thrust-force vectors on the flying wing.
19. The aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion systems generate thrust-force vectors on the flying wing.
20. The aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the propulsion systems generate thrust-force vectors on the flying wing.
21. The aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the aircraft is equipped with steerable wheel-feet and wheel brakes for pushing in any direction on a building wall by performing backward-ascent, backward-descent or sideway maneuvers.
22. The aircraft according to claim 1, further comprising motorized steerable wheel-feet and brakes drivable in any direction on a building wall.
23. The aircraft according to claim 1, wherein the aircraft is capable of exchanging pay-loads with a stationary or a moving object horizontally and vertically.
24. The aircraft according to claim 11, wherein the propulsion systems simultaneously generate both lift-force vector and thrust force vector on a flying wing.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIGURES
(1) In order that the invention may be more fully understood, it will now be described, by way of examples, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 through FIG. 14 describe Transverse-Propellers. FIG. 15 through FIG. 24 describe VTOL/FWA equipped with TR-propellers in horizontal rescue missions.
(2) FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an example showing a typical transverse-radial four blade 1b propellers of unspecified characteristics according to an embodiment of the present invention;
(3) FIG. 1B is an illustrated view of blade 1b area 1a changing characteristics: The straight line 1i represents a Constant-Area-Transverse-Radial-Blade (CATRB), where the blade area 1a is constant in each revolution. The curved line 1j represents an Asymmetric-Area-Changing-Transverse-Radial-Blade (AACTRB), where the blade area 1a changes asymmetrically in each revolution. AACTRB area 1a variation 1j in each revolution is divided into four regions: maximum AACTRB area region is identified as 1e, minimum AACTRB area region is identified as 1g, the region where AACTRB area is increasing from minimum area 1g to maximum area 1e is identified as 1h and the region where the AACTRB area is decreasing from maximum area 1e to minimum area 1g is identified as 1f;
(4) FIG. 1C is a graph illustrating the estimated drag coefficient 1d of each blade 1b as it rotates around 1ω. Straight line 1m corresponds to constant area CATRB 1i. The curved line 1n illustrates the estimated 1d variation of an AACTRB 1j;
(5) FIG. 2A is an illustrative view of a net thrust 2t′ being produced per revolution, when 1b is of the type AACTRB 1j propeller rotating 1ω in free space;
(6) FIG. 2B is an illustrative view of FIG. 2A when the propeller is partially covered by wing surface 2k, and a large net thrust 2t is produced in each revolution;
(7) FIG. 2C illustrates a constant area 1i CATRB is rotating in free space, no net thrust 2g′ is produced in each revolution, 2g′=0.
(8) FIG. 2D illustrates when the same FIG. 2C propeller is partially covered by wing surface 2k, a net thrust is produced per revolution, where 0<2g;
(9) FIG. 3A is a front view showing the composition of a three layers 4b, 5b, 6b of an AACTRB at its maximum area 1a region 1e, where the middle-layer 5b blocks the air flow through these three layers 4b, 5b, 6b;
(10) FIG. 3B is a front view showing the three layers 4b, 5b, 6b of an AACTRB in its partially open regions 1h or 1f. This is when the middle-layer 5b openings 5a are partially aligned with outer layers 4b and 6b openings 4a and 6a;
(11) FIG. 3C is the front view showing the three layers 4b, 5b, 6b of an AACTRB in its minimum area 1a region 1g, when all middle-layer 5b openings 5a aligned respectively with 4b and 6b openings 4a and 6a;
(12) FIG. 3D is the section 3Q view of FIG. 3A. Small ball bearings 3r on top of 5b are not show in FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3C to avoid clutter;
(13) FIG. 3E is the section 3Q′ view of FIG. 3B;
(14) FIG. 3F is the section 3Q″ view of FIG. 3C;
(15) FIG. 4A is the top view of the front-layer 4b of a three-layer AACTRB. 4a are rectangular openings on 4b. 4q are the screw locations where 4b is attached to 8h at 4q′ (FIG. 8). 4s are screws locations where 4b is attached to back-layer 6b at 6s. Thickness of 4b is 4x;
(16) FIG. 4B is the back view of FIG. 4A;
(17) FIG. 4C is the front view of FIG. 4A. Dimensions 4x is the thickness of 4b. 13z is at the midpoint of 4b where the three-layer AACTRB is attached to 13r;
(18) FIG. 4D is the end view of FIG. 4C;
(19) FIG. 5A is the front view of the middle-layer 5b of a three-layer AACTRB. 5a are rectangular openings on 5b. 5q are the pin 10q locations, where 5b is connected to the oscillating block 10a at 10q. 5x is the thickness of 5b;
(20) FIG. 5B is the section 5Q view of FIG. 5A;
(21) FIG. 5C is the end view of FIG. 5A;
(22) FIG. 6A is the front view of the back-layer 6b of a three-layer AACTRB. 6a are the rectangular openings on 6b. 6q are the screw locations where 6b is attached to 8h at 6q′ (FIG. 8). 6s are the screws locations where front-layer 4b is attached to back-layer 6b;
(23) FIG. 6B is the top view of FIG. 6A. The space 13z in the mid-point of 6b is where the rotating arm 13r and clamp 14a are connected to the assembled (FIG. 14D) three layer AACTRB 4b, 5b, 6b. Thickness of 6b is 6x;
(24) FIG. 6C is the rear view of FIG. 6A;
(25) FIG. 6D is the end view of FIG. 6A. 13x′ is the width of 6b flange;
(26) FIG. 7A is the front view of the rotating end disk 7d, which connects four 8h blocks at screw locations 7q. This allows each 8h to connect to one end of a three layer blade at 4q and 6q. The locations of 8h are shown by dashed outlines on 7d;
(27) FIG. 7B is the side view of FIG. 7A;
(28) FIG. 8A is the front-end view of the block 8h which connects each 4b and 6b ends at screw locations 4q′ and 6q′ and to disk 7d at screws locations 7q′;
(29) FIG. 8B is the front view of FIG. 8A. The space between the two 7q′ is for 7d. Also shown are the screw locations 4q′ where the end of front-layer 4b is attached to 8h. Screw locations 8q are where cover-plate 9a is attached to 8h;
(30) FIG. 8C is the rear-end view of FIG. 8B. The center 10x by 10y space is for the oscillating block 10a;
(31) FIG. 8D is the top view of FIG. 8B;
(32) FIG. 9A is the front view of a cover plate 9a attached to 8h at 8q. removing cover plate 9a allow service the connection between 5a and 10a;
(33) FIG. 9B is the end view of FIG. 9A. 9g are groves to allow pin 10p to extend out slightly so that 10p can be pulled out to disconnect 5b from 10a;
(34) FIG. 9C is the top view of FIG. 9A;
(35) FIG. 10A is the side view of the oscillating block 10a, which connects the AACTRB's middle-layer 5b to 10a at 5q and 10q respectively. The locations indicated by 10s are for rods 11b which connect to rollers 11r;
(36) FIG. 10B is the top view of FIG. 10A;
(37) FIG. 10C is the front end view of FIG. 10A, where the vertical slot space is reserved for the middle-layer 5b which has a thickness 5x;
(38) FIG. 10D is the side view of one of the three pins used to connect middle-layer 5a to the oscillating block 10a at 10q. The maximum length of 10p should be less than 10x plus 9x;
(39) FIG. 10E is the end view of FIG. 10D;
(40) FIG. 11A is the end view of the two rollers 11r;
(41) FIG. 11B is the side view of FIG. 11A;
(42) FIG. 11C is a side view showing the connections between the rollers 11r, the oscillating block 10a, shafts 11b connecting 11r to 10a at 10s, connection between 10a and block 8h, connection between 8h and rotating disk 7d and finally contact between rollers 11r and the stationary cam 12d and its twisted rim ring 12c cam surfaces 12a and 12a′;
(43) FIG. 12A is the front view of the stationary cam disk 12d and one of the two rollers 11r contacting surface 12a on the twisted ring 12c;
(44) FIG. 12B is the side view of FIG. 12A. The present view illustrates the axial 1p displacement A of the twisted ring 12c contour surfaces 12a and 12a′. Ideally, this axial displacement A is identical to the width of each rectangular openings 4a, 5a, 6a of the three-layer AACTRB 4b, 5b, 6b;
(45) FIG. 12C is a view of the twisted rim ring 12c surfaces 12a and 12a′ profile in axial 1p displacement, expressed as a function of each AACTRB revolution angle Θ. This figure also illustrates the middle-layer 5b axial 1p displacement profile during each oscillation cycle or AACTRB revolution cycle. Also superimposed on this figure are the regions 1e, 1f, 1g, 1h where each AACTRB area 1a takes a different characteristic 1j during each revolution cycle;
(46) FIG. 13A is the front-view of the four rotating arms 13r used to hold the four three-layer 4a, 5a, 6a AACTRB and where power is transmitted to the AACTRB propeller from 1p. Screw locations 13b and 13c are used to hold a cover clamp 14a to each 13r. 13x is the sum of 4b, 5b, 6b thickness 4x, 5x, 6x respectively. 13y is the height of 4b. 13z is the width of 13r;
(47) FIG. 13B is side-view of FIG. 13A;
(48) FIG. 14A is the side-view of a cover clamp 14a holding the three-layer AACTRB to the rotating arm 13r. Screw locations 14b and 14c are aligned to screw locations 13b and 13c respectively on 13r;
(49) FIG. 14B is the side view if FIG. 14A;
(50) FIG. 14C is the top view of FIG. 14A;
(51) FIG. 14D is a sectional view of assembled 14a, 13r, 4b, 5b and 6b;
(52) FIG. 15 is the sectional view 2Q of FIG. 2B, which illustrates the identical left side 15a and the right side 15a AACTRB propellers labeled 15Q. The symbol 15Q is also used to represent a pair of identical 15a CATRB propellers in all other figures by remove items 7d, 8h, 10a, 11r and 12d from FIG. 15. A more detailed illustration on how the left-side FW is connected to its right-side FW is illustrated in FIG. 21, where each small gear box 15g (inside a large gear box 21g) is attached to each TR-propeller on each side of each FW.
(53) FIG. 16A illustrates the side view of the air flow pattern around a FW 16a (=19w or =19w′) with zero flap 16f deflections 16δ=0°. A set of three TR-propellers 15Q are located on the FW's top-front, bottom-front and flap-top-front surfaces. The positions of these 15Q are adjustable as identified by 16Q. A set of FW span-wise airfoil strips 16b located above the FW's top-front 15Q TR-propellers. They are used to deflect more air backward during hover. These airfoil strips 16b are stored inside the FW nose-surface at 16c during FWA high speed forward flight. Hydraulics 16k are used to control the flap 16f deflections 166 from the front part of the FW 16a about a hinge shaft 16h (parallel to FW span axis 21s). The FW top surface air velocities 16v.sub.1 and 16v.sub.3 must be higher than the FW bottom surface air velocity 16v.sub.2;
(54) FIG. 16B illustrates the air flow pattern around a FW, when the FW is tilted 19β (or 19β′) degrees about the FW span axis 21s (or 21s′) from local horizontal planes and the flap 16f is deflected 16δ degrees from FW chord plane about the hinge shaft 16h;
(55) FIG. 16C illustrates the resultant force vectors acting on the same FW as illustrated in FIG. 16B. If this FW is in forward level flight, then the wing cord will have an angle-of-attack 16α. 16v.sub.0 is small when VTOL/FWA is stationary. However, when VTOL/FWA is in vertical ascent or vertical descent, then the 16v.sub.0 vector in FIG. 16C will be tilted up or down by the vertical ascent or descent speed vectors. 17j is a FW wing-tip RCJ jet cluster. 17n are jet nozzles. In this figure the FW is identified as 19w or 19w′ and the resultant force vectors are identified as 16l or 16l′, 16d or 16d′ and 16t or 16t′ for lift, drag and thrust vectors on FW 19w or 19w′ respectively. These notations will be referenced in later discussions;
(56) 21x and 21x′ are the center lines of wing-span axes 21s and 21s′ of 19w and 19w′ respectively; when the FW 19w and 19w′ tilt 19β and 19β′, their respective wing-tip RCJ jet clusters 17j and 17j′ will counter rotate −19β and −19β′ about their respective axis 21s and 21s′ to maintain the jet thrust vectors 17t always parallel to the FW horizontal rotational φ plane;
(57) FIG. 17A illustrates the top section-view of a typical FW wing-tip RCJ jet cluster 17j consisting of two jets. Compressed air 17a is piped 17b in along the FW 19w wing-span axis 21s via valve 17p to combustion chamber 17c. Where fuel 17f is injected into 17c and an electric spark 17k′ is used to ignite the air/fuel mixture causing combustion in the combustion chamber 17c. The explosion exhausts 17e at high velocity through the nozzle 17n generating a thrust pulse vector 17t at the wing-tip perpendicular to the wing-span axis 21s. 17s are solenoids controlling the valves, 17p. 17m are electric motors which rotate the 17j via gears 17g in opposite direction −19β of the 19w tilt angle 19β. This is done to maintain the jet thrust pulses 17t vectors always parallel to FW rotational 19φ horizontal plane. 17s′ are solenoids used to lock/unlock the RCJ cluster 17j to the wing-tip structure 19w. During hover, the electric motors 17m may be used to rotate one FW's RCJ jets 17j 90° to align their thrust vectors 17t perpendicular to the FW's rotational φ plane. This is done to maintain VTOL/FWA stability during “anchored level flight hover” state;
(58) FIG. 17B is the section A-A view of FIG. 17A. 17f are the fuel injection units. 17k and 17k′ are the spark generator and spark location respectively.
(59) FIG. 17CA shows a relative view of solenoid 17s controlling valve 17p rotation;
(60) FIG. 17CB shows a relative view of solenoid 17s controlling valve 17p rotation;
(61) FIG. 17CC shows the controlling valve 17p rotation;
(62) FIG. 18A illustrates the side view of an aircraft equipped with only one FW 18w (=19w) and one elevator 18h;
(63) FIG. 18B is the top view of FIG. 18A;
(64) FIG. 18C is the front view of FIG. 18B;
(65) FIG. 19A is the side view of a VTOL/FWA of weight 19m in its hover or vertical ascent/descent or low-speed forward/backward or ALFH (Anchored Level Flight Hover) configurations.
(66) FIG. 19B is an alternative configuration of FIG. 19A: FIG. 19B showing the FW 19w and 19w′ tilted upward with their leading edges pointing AWAY from each other;
(67) FIG. 20 illustrates the timing sequence used to generate a sequence of jet pulses 17t.
(68) FIG. 21A illustrates the way FW 19w is connected on the fuselage 19f by two vertical beams 21a attached on top of a rotatable disk 21b.
(69) FIG. 21B is the top-view of FIG. 21A;
(70) FIG. 21C is the end-view of FIG. 21A.
(71) FIG. 21D is the bottom view of FIG. 21A. Illustrates the use of electric motors 21m and gears 21n and 21z to fine turn 21φ;
(72) FIG. 22A is a sectional 22Q (FIG. 22B) view of a hovering FIG. 19A. 22p are the pilot seats and 22i the instrument panel. 22s′ is the folded position of steps 23s and walking plank, 23f. 23h′ are the folded positions of hydraulic systems 23h. Each 23h controls a leg 23r, a knee 23n and a foot 23q. 23k are air inflated balloons, each covering a foot and the heavy spring connecting foot 23q and leg 23r.
(73) FIG. 22B is the top view of the hovering FIG. 22A during transition flight from hover towards low speed forward flight by rotating 19w in a horizontal plane 180°=19 φ so that both 19w and 19w′ leading edges will be pointing to the fuselage nose direction with both 19w and 19w′ at high tile angles 19β and 19β′ and their flaps 16f and 16c are tilted down 19δ and 19δ′;
(74) FIG. 22C is the side view of FIG. 22B transitioned to high speed forward flight after 19w has completed its 180° rotation 19φ and after both FW 19w and 19w′ are tilted down 19β and 19β′ and flaps 19f, 19f′ are tilted up 19δ, 19δ′ close to zeroes and desired angle-of-attack 16a and 16a′ values are achieved;
(75) FIG. 23A is the section view of a VTOL/FWA in backward level flight configured during high rise building 23z window 23y rescue mission (HRBRM) with its legs 23r, knees 23n and feet 23q pushed on the building wall and walkway 23f′ extended and stairs 23s inside the window 23y.
(76) FIG. 23B is a top view of FIG. 23A. 23v is the escape pathway from the burning building floor 23x to the inside of VTOL/FWA;
(77) FIG. 23C illustrates the walking maneuver of a VTOL/FWA. Prior to extending 23f′ and 23s into the window 23y, this VTOL/FWA while in ALFH state may have to walk on the building outside wall to accurately align it to the window opening.
(78) FIG. 24 illustrates the VTOL/FWA high rise building 23z window 23y rescue mission (HRBWRM) rescue sequence from 24a to 24g;
DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCED NUMERALS
(79) Turning now descriptively to the drawings, in which similar reference characters denote similar elements throughout the several views, the figures illustrate the VTOL/FWA of the present invention. With regard to the reference numerals used, the following numbering is used throughout the various drawing figures.
(80) In the following descriptions, different views of a same item are labeled by the same figure number followed by a different capital letter. For example: three views of FIG. 9 are identified as: FIG. 9A, FIG. 9B and FIG. 9C. Furthermore, each important item in each figure is identified by a bold face number followed by a lower case bold face letter: The bold face number corresponding to the figure number where this item is illustrated in its details. For example, item labeled 8h in FIG. 1A is illustrated in detail in FIG. 8. Another example, items labeled 1e in FIG. 12C and in FIG. 16A is illustrated in detail in FIG. 1B. A list of acronyms, symbols and definitions used in the drawing figures follow. AACTRB Asymmetric Area Changing Transverse-Radial Blade; ALFH Anchored Level Flight Hover; CATRB Constant Area Transverse-Radial Blade; FW Flying-Wing; FWA Flying-Wing-Airplane; HRBWRM High Rise Building Window Rescue Mission; Model A VTOL/FWA model as illustrated in FIG. 19A; Model B VTOL/FWA model as illustrated in FIG. 19B; VTOL Vertical Take-Off and Landing; VTOL/FWA Vertical Take-Off and Landing Flying-Wing Aircraft; ALFH Anchored-Level-Flight-Hover. Stationary VTOL/FWA (FIG. 19A); RCJ Reaction-Control-Jets [ . . . ].sub.x [(−L.sub.x′−D.sub.x′+T.sub.x′)+(L.sub.x+D.sub.x−T.sub.x)].sub.x [ . . . ].sub.y [(L.sub.y′+T.sub.y′−D.sub.y′)+(L.sub.y+T.sub.y−D.sub.y)].sub.y M.sup.(z).sub.11 2-D forward-ascent flight in x-y plane and any z-plane. M.sup.(z).sub.21 2-D vertical-ascent flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; M.sup.(z).sub.31 2-D backward-ascent flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; M.sup.(z).sub.12 2-D forward-level flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; M.sup.(z).sub.22 2-D hover flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; M.sup.(z).sub.32 2-D backward-level flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; M.sup.(z).sub.13 2-D forward-descent flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; M.sup.(z).sub.23 2-D vertical-descent flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; M.sup.(z).sub.33 2-D backward-descent flight in x-y plane and any z-plane; Δ Maximum amplitude of oscillation of middle blade layer; Rectangular opening width of all three-blade layers; Distance between rectangular openings of all three-blade layers; α Angle-of-attack; β FW tilt angle reference to a horizontal plane above fuselage; ψ Desired VTOL/FWA heading; φ FW azimuth rotation angle in a horizontal plane above fuselage. φ=Ø=φ; θ AACTRB or CATRB propeller blade angle of rotation; ω AACTRB or CATRB propeller RPM=dθ/dt; Λ Vector cross operator; m VTOL/FWA weight;
NOTE: All item number correspond to FIG. number in illustration drawings
(81) FIG. 1 1a Blade area facing tangential air velocity vector 13r Λ 1ω; 1b Transverse-Radial blade; 1d Estimated drag coefficient of 1b; 1e Region of maximum 1a (45°<θ<135° approximately). Where all openings 4a, 5a, 6a on three-layer blade 4b, 5b, 6b are completely blocked; 1f Region where openings 5a on 5b is in the process of moving away of their alignment with openings 4a and 6a to reduce air flow through; 1g Region of minimum 1a (225°<θ<315° approx). Where corresponding openings 4a, 5a, 6a on blade 4b, 5b, 6b are all aligned; 1h Region where openings 5a on 5b is in the process of aligning up with openings 4a and 6a to allow more air flow through; 1i 1b is CATRB (1b=1i) and also represent constant area 1b; 1j 1b is AACTRB (1b=1j) and also represent variable area 1b; 1p Power shaft of AACTRB (or CATRB) propeller; 1m Estimated drag coefficient of 1i; 1n Estimated drag coefficient of 1j; 1ω Transverse-Radial propeller RPM. Also, direction of propeller rotation;
(82) FIG. 2 2g Net reaction force acting on 1p due to rotation of CATRB 1i propeller when 1i is half covered by 2k; 2g′ Net reaction force acting on 1p due to rotation of CATRB 1i propeller in free space. 2g′=0; 2k Wing surface covering half of AACTRB 1j propeller or half of CATRB 1i propeller; 2t Reaction force acting on 1p due to rotation of AACTRB propellers 15a and 15a′ half covered by 2k; 2t′ Reaction force acting on 1p due to rotation of AACTRB propellers 15a and 15a′ in free space; 2u Net air velocity per revolution generated by CATRB 1i propeller rotation which is half covered by 2k; 2u′ Net air velocity per revolution generated by CATRB 1i propeller rotation in free space; 2v Net air velocity per revolution due to rotation of AACTRB propeller which is half covered by 2k; 2v′ Net air velocity per revolution due to rotation of AACTRB 1j propeller in free space; 2Q Section view of 15Q shown in FIG. 15;
(83) FIG. 3 3Q Section view from FIG. 3A for FIG. 3D; 3Q′ Section view from FIG. 3B for FIG. 3E; 3Q″ Section view from FIG. 3C for FIG. 3F; 3r Ball bearings on top edge of 5b (not shown elsewhere to avoid clutter);
(84) FIG. 4 4a Rectangular openings on front-layer blade 4b; 4b Front-layer blade of the three-layer AACTRB; 4q Screw locations at both ends of 4b to attach 4b to 8h; 4q′ Screw locations on 8h (FIG. 8) to connect 4b to 8h; 4s Screw locations to attach 4b to 6b; 4x Thickness of 4b;
(85) FIG. 5 5a Rectangular openings on middle-layer blade 5b; 5b Middle-layer blade of the three-layer AACTRB; 5q Pin holes locations on one end of the middle-layer blade 5b; 5Q Section view of FIG. 5B; 5x 5b thickness; 5y 5b height (FIG. 10C);
(86) FIG. 6 6a Rectangular openings on the rear-layer blade 6b; 6b Rear-layer blade of the three-layer AACTRB; 6q Screw locations at both ends of 6b to attach 6b to its 8h; 6q′ Screw locations on 8h connecting 8h to 6b (FIG. 8); 6s Screw locations on 6b to attach 6b to 4b; 6x Thickness of 6b;
(87) FIG. 7 7d Rotating disk connecting four 8h per 7d; 7q Screw locations on 7d connecting 7d to 8h; 7q′ Screw locations on 8h to connect 8h to 7d (FIG. 8);
(88) FIG. 8 8h Block attached on rotating disk 7d, blades 4b and 6b. Block 8h serves as a housing for 5b connection to 10a; 8q Screw locations on 8h to connecting 8h to its cover plate 9a; 8q′ Screw locations on 9a to attach 9a on 8h (FIG. 9);
(89) FIG. 9 9a Cover plate of 8h for servicing 5b and 10a connection; 9g Groves on 9a to allow extended 10p oscillation movement; 9x Grove depth to allow extended 10p movement;
(90) FIG. 10 10a Oscillating block. 10a is connected to 5b at 10q and 11r at 10s; 10q Pin 10p locations connecting 10a to 5b; 10p Pins used to connect 5b to 10a; 10s Hole locations on 10a for shafts 11s which are connected to rollers 11r; 10x Width of 10a; 10y Height of 10a;
(91) FIG. 11 11r Rollers attached to 11s. Rollers 11r are pressed against twisted ring cam surfaces 12a and 12b of 12c on the rim of stationary cam disk 12d; 11n Nuts; 11s Shafts; 11w Washers;
(92) FIG. 12 12a Cam surface on one side of twisted ring 12c; 12a′ Cam surface on opposite side of 12a of twisted ring 12c; 12c Twisted ring 12c is the rim of 12d. The twisted ring profile is the cam 12c profile; 12d Stationary disk has twisted ring shaped rim 12c;
(93) FIG. 13 13r Rotating arms which transmit power from 1p to AACTRB propellers; 13b Screw locations (on the back side of rotation 1ω) attach 14a to 13r; 13c Screw locations (on the front side of rotation 1ω) attach 14a to 13r; 13k Keys attaching 13r to 1p; 13x Depth of cut at each 13r top to fit (thickness wise) assembled 4b, 5b, 6b; 13x′ Flange width of 6b; 13x″ Flange width of 4b; 13y Height of 4b; 13z Width of 13r; 13w Depth of 13r;
(94) FIG. 14 14a Cover clamp attached to and hold assembled 4b, 5b, 6b on 13r; 14b Screw locations to attach 14a to back side (behind 1ω rotation) of 13r; 14c Screw locations to attach 14a to front side (in front of 1ω rotation) of 13r; 14w Depth of clamp 14a;
(95) FIG. 15 15a Section 2Q view (FIG. 2B) of the right-half or left-half of a AACTRB propeller; 15g Gear box for each TR-propeller. Three 15g inside each 21g on each side of a FW; 15Q Combining the left-side 15a and the right-side 15a with fuselage 19f in middle. Also see FIG. 21.
(96) FIG. 16 16a Sectional view of a typical FW (19w or 19w′) with 15a on top-side, bottom-side and top-flap on each side of each FW; 16b FW span-wise airfoil strips position during VTOL/FWA hover; 16c Airfoil strips 166 position during VTOL/FWA forward flight; 16v.sub.0 Air velocity in front of a FW 16a at zero angle-of-attack, 16α=0; 16v.sub.1 Average air velocity over FW 16a top surface; 16v.sub.2 Average air velocity over FW 16a bottom surface; 16v.sub.3 Average air velocity over FW flap top surface; 16v.sub.4 Redirected 16v.sub.2, as it is deflected downwards by flap 16f; 16v.sub.5 Average 16a downwash, which is the average velocity of 16v.sub.3 and 16v.sub.4; 16α Angle-of-attack; 16l Lift-force vector; 16d Drag-force vector; 16t Thrust-force vector; 16f Flap on either left or sides of FW 19w; 16f′ Flap on either left or side of FW 19w′; 16k Hydraulics control flap 16f deflections 16δ 16h Flap hinge rod; 16δ Flap deflection angle=19δ; 16δ′ Flap deflection angle=19δ′; 16Q Adjustable embedded positions of 15Q;
(97) FIG. 17 17a Compressed air; 17b FW span-wise tube, carrying compressed air 17a to FW wing tips. It is also the FW's tilt β axis 21s of center line 21x; 17c Combustion chambers; 17e Combustion exhausts jet; 17f Fuel injection regulator; 17f′ Fuel sprays; 17g Gears to maintain RCJ jets 17e parallel to FW 19w rotational 19φ plane during FW19w tilt 19β maneuvers; 17j FW wing-tip RCJ cluster; 17k Spark regulator; 17k′ Spark inside 17c; 17m Electric stepping motors connected to gears 17g; 17n RCJ jet nozzle; 17p Compressed air 17a valves; 17s Solenoids used to control the open/close of valves 17p; 17t RCJ jet thrust pulse. 17t is parallel to 17e at 19w wing tips; 17t′ RCJ jet thrust pulse at 19w′ wing tips; 17s′ Solenoids used to lock/unlock 17j on FW wing-tip structure; 17s″ bearing between 17j and FW tip structure 19w;
(98) FIG. 18 18e Engine; 18f FWA fuselage; 18g Gear box. Same as gear box 21g; 18h FWA horizontal tail stabilizer; 18t FWA vertical tail; 18w FWA FW. Same as FW 19w; 18z Vertical support for 18w on top of 18f;
(99) FIG. 19 19l Lift-force vector on front FW 19w; 19l′ Lift-force vector on rear FW 19w′; 19d Drag-force vector on front FW 19w; 19d′ Drag-force vector on rear FW 19w′; 19t Thrust-force vector on front FW 19w; 19t′ Thrust-force vector on rear FW 19w′; 19f VTOL/FWA fuselage; 19h Horizontal stabilizer inside 19w downwash 19v.sub.5 during hover; 19h′ Horizontal stabilizer inside 19w′ downwash 19v.sub.5′ during hover; 19p Optional propellers. 19p can tilt and rotate to position 19β′; 19v.sub.1 Average air velocity above 19w top surface. 19v.sub.1>19v.sub.2; 19v.sub.2 Average air velocity below 19w bottom surface; 19v.sub.3 Average air velocity above flap 19f top surface. 19v.sub.1=<19v.sub.3; 19v.sub.5 Average downwash velocity of 19w; 19v.sub.1′ Average air velocity above 19w′ top surface. 19v.sub.1′>19v.sub.2′; 19v.sub.2′ Average air velocity below 19w′ bottom surface; 19v.sub.3′ Average air velocity above flap 19f′ top surface. 19v.sub.1′ 19v.sub.3′; 19v.sub.5′ Average downwash velocity of 19w′; 19β Front FW 19w tilt angle; 19φ Front FW 19w horizontal rotation angle; 19β′ Rear FW 19w′ tilt angle; 19φ′ Rear FW 19w′ horizontal rotation angle; 19δ Independent left-flap or right-flap 19f deflection angles; 19δ′ Independent left-flap or right-flap 19f deflection angles; 19m VTOL/FWA weight;
(100) FIG. 20 20n The nth RCJ jet 17e pulse cycle; 20(n+1) The (n+1)th jet 17e pulse cycle; 20n+2) The (n+2)th jet 17e pulse cycle;
(101) FIG. 21 21a Two FW support beams anchored on top rotatable disk 21b; 21b Rotatable disk inside fuselage 19f top structure; 21c Beam connecting rear left-side 21g and rear right-side 21g. It is also connected to one end of hydraulics 21h; 21e Engine located on top of disk 21d between two 21a beams; 21g Two big gear boxes; as part of the left-side and part of right-side FW structure. These two 21g are connected together by beams 21d, beam 21c and power shaft 21s. Smaller gear boxes 15g and power transmission shafts are located inside these 21g to supply power to different TR-propellers 15a. Power transmitted to the flap-top TR-propellers to allow flap 16f deflections independent of the FW tilt angles; 21h Two hydraulics; each with its one end attach to the rotating disk 21d and its other end attached to the beam 21c. These hydraulics are used to control the FW 19w tilt angles 19β; 21m Optional electric motors to fine tune 19w rotation 19φ, 21n Gear attached to 21m; 21z Gears located at the bottom center of disk 21b;
(102) FIG. 22 22p Pilot seats for VTOL/FWA normal operations; 22i Instrument & control panel for normal VTOL/FWA flight; 22i′ Instrument and control panel for window rescue operation; 22s′ Folded stairs 23s and folded extendable walking plank 23f′;
(103) FIG. 23 23f′ Telescopic extended walking plank; 23h Four independent rotatable hydraulic system to push legs 23r and feet 23q on building outside wall 23z; 23h′ 23h in folding position; 23q Foot attached to each leg 23r with controls. Each foot can be a wheel with an electric motor at its hub; 23j Sensors 23k Air inflated cover to reduce drag during normal flight; 23n Knees with controls; 23r Leg in extended position; 23r′ Leg in folded position; 23s Stairs in extended position; 23v Escape path from inside window 23y following steps 23s, extended walking plank 23f to inside VTOL/FWA fuselage 19f; 23x Floor inside high rise building 23z window 23y; 23y High rise building window; 23z High rise building;
(104) FIG. 24 24a Rescue VTOL/FWA in high speed level flight towards a high rise building 23z; 24b Reducing VTOL/FWA forward flight speed by adjusting 19β, 19β′, all 16f and TR-propellers RPM to achieve low speed descent to desired window opening; 24c Rotate 19w 180° 19φ so that both 19w and 19w′ leading edges will be pointing upward and toward each other and the VTOL/FWA achieves hover condition with its rear-end pointing at the desired window 23y; 24d Extend all legs from 23r′ to 23r. Next, change from hover to low speed backward level flight until all legs 23r are firmly pushed on the building outside wall. Finally, extend 23f′ to the window outside glass; If 23f′ is not accurately aligned to the window opening, the pilot must perform a walking maneuver as illustrated in FIG. 23C; 24e Break the window 23y before extend the stairs 23s into the window 23y all the way to the floor 23x to allow people to walk, along path 23v, out the window 23y into the waiting VTOL/FWA; 24f After all people are inside the VTOL/FWA, slowly move away from window 23y and retract 23s and 23f back to 22s′ position as illustrated in FIG. 22A; 24g Pilot seated at 23p take over VTOL/FWA controls. First rotate 19w azimuth 19q 180°, then tilt both 19β, 19β′ and all 16f and 16f′ close to their horizontal positions for high speed level flight towards a desired landing site;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
(105) The following discussion describes in detail one embodiment of the invention (and several variations of that embodiment). This discussion should not be construed, however, as limiting the invention to those particular embodiments, practitioners skilled in the art will recognize numerous other embodiments as well. For definition of the complete scope of the invention, the reader is directed to appended claims.
(106) FIG. 1A illustrates a transverse-radial four blade 1b propeller. This propeller is powered by an engine 20e through a shaft 1p and arms 13r at the middle of 1b and at both 1b ends by rotating disks 7d. Where 1b ends are attached to 7d via block 8h. Details of 7d and 8h are illustrated in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 respectively. Also identified are rotation direction 1ω, rotation angle θ and regions of rotations 1e, 1f, 1g and 1h for later references;
(107) FIG. 1B illustrates the changing of blade 1b area 1a in each revolution cycle. Two types of transverse-radial blades 1b are compared: The straight line represents a constant area 1b (CATRB) and an asymmetric-area-changing 1b (AACTRB) is represented by a curved line 1j. The asymmetric-area-changing of 1j in the four regions in each revolution are identified as 1e, 1f, 1g and 1h: maximum 1a in 1e region, minimum 1a in 1g region, increasing 1a in 1h region and decreasing 1a in 1f region. These four regions will be referenced in later discussions;
(108) FIG. 1C illustrates the estimated 1b drag coefficients 1d as a function of rotation angle θ. Line 1m represents constant 1d for a constant area blade 1i (CATRB). Curved 1n represents asymmetric changing 1d for an asymmetric-area-changing blade 1j (AACTRB). Also illustrated are the changes of 1n in these four regions 1e, 1f, 1g and 1h during each rotation cycle;
(109) FIG. 2A illustrates the net air vector 2v′ and net reaction thrust 2t′ produced by rotating an AACTRB propeller in free space in each revolution. The area 1a characteristic of this AACTRB is illustrated by 1j;
(110) FIG. 2B illustrates the same AACTRB propeller in FIG. 2A and is half submerged inside a wing surface 2k. The net air vector 2v will be used to develop lift 171 on the wing surface 2k. The net reaction thrust 2t developed is acting on the power shaft 1p, which is connected to the wing structure 2k. This thrust vector 2t will be used to provide wing 2k propulsion 17t as will be described later. Section 2Q will be illustrated in FIG. 15;
(111) FIG. 2C illustrates the net air vector 2u′ and there will be no net reaction thrust vector 2g′ (=0) produced by a Constant-Area-Transverse-Radial-Blade (CATRB) propeller rotating in free space. The constant area 1a characteristic of this CATRB is illustrated by 1i;
(112) FIG. 2D illustrates the same CATRB propeller in FIG. 2C and is half submerged inside a wing surface 2k. The net air vector 2u can be used to develop lift on wing 2k. The much smaller net thrust 2g (0<2g<<2t) developed on 1p can contribute to wing 2k propulsion;
(113) FIG. 3A illustrates the three layers 4b, 5b, 6b of an Asymmetric-Area-Changing-Transverse-Radial-Blade (AACTRB) in region 1e of each rotation cycle. All three layers have multiple numbers of the same size rectangular openings 4a, 5a, 6a of same width Δ. The space between adjacent rectangular openings on each blade layer (between 4a on 4b, or between 5a on 5b or between 6a on 6b) are also Δ. Layers 4b and 6b are fixed on the rotating arm 13r. All corresponding rectangular openings 4a and 6a on layers 4b and 6b are always aligned. It is the middle-layer 5b, which is sandwiched between 4b and 6b, and oscillates in the 4b and 6b length-wise direction. The maximum oscillation amplitude is Δ. Therefore, as 5b oscillates in each revolution cycle it blocks the air flow completely in 1e region, or partially blocks the air flow in regions 1f and 1h or opens the three-layer blade completely to let maximum air flow through in region 1g. As illustrated in FIG. 2B 1g region is completely inside the wing structure 2k, 1e region is completely outside the wing surface 2k. 1f and 1h regions are half way covered by the wing structure 2k. Each AACTRB rotates through the four regions of 1j in each revolution cycle: Shown here in FIG. 3A is the middle-layer blade 5b completely blocking the air flow through this three-layer blade when 1j is in region 1e. Holes 5q on 5b are for pins 10β, where 5b is attached to an oscillating block 10a at holes 10q. The symbol A represents the 5b maximum oscillation amplitude. Δ is also the rectangular opening 4a, 5a, 6a widths of all three-layer blades 4a, 5a and 6a. Δ is also the distance between rectangular openings 4a, 5a, 6b in each of the three-layer blades 4b, 5b and 6b respectively;
(114) FIG. 3B illustrates FIG. 3A further where 5b partially blocks the air flow through this three-layer blade 4b, 5b, 6b. This three-layer AACTRB 1j is in partially-open region 1f or in partially-closed region 1b;
(115) FIG. 3C illustrates FIG. 3B further where the middle-layer blade 5b aligns all its rectangular openings 5a with the rectangular openings 4a of 4b and 6a of 6b, thus allowing maximum air flow through and places the AACTRB 1j in the 1g region;
(116) FIG. 3D illustrates the sectional 3Q view of FIG. 3A. 3r are rollers which are not shown in FIG. 3A;
(117) FIG. 3E illustrates the sectional 3Q′ view of FIG. 3B. 3r are rollers which are not shown in FIG. 3B;
(118) FIG. 3F illustrates the sectional 3Q″ view of FIG. 3C. 3r are rollers which are not shown in FIG. 3C;
(119) FIG. 4A illustrates the top view of the front-blade 4b of the three-layer 4b, 5b, 6b AACTERB. Multiple numbers of rectangular openings 4a of width Δ are aligned along the 4b span. The distance between the adjacent rectangular openings 4a is also Δ. The flange width of 4b is 13x″ which gives 4b strength and allows 4b to attach to 6b by screws at 4s. Locations 4q are for screw locations to attach 4b to 8h at 4q′ shown in FIG. 8. 4x is the thickness of 4b. Space 13z at the middle of 4b is for rotating arm 13r.
(120) FIG. 4B illustrates the rear view of the FIG. 4A;
(121) FIG. 4C illustrates the front view of FIG. 4A;
(122) FIG. 4D illustrates the end view of FIG. 4A. Dimensions 13y and 13x″ allow the assembled three-layer-blade 4b, 5b, 6b to be attached to rotating arm 13r (FIG. 14D);
(123) FIG. 5A illustrates the front view of the middle-blade 5b of the three-layer AACTERB. Rectangular openings 5a of width Δ align the entire span of 5b. The distance between adjacent rectangular openings 5a is also Δ. 5q are for pin 10p to attach 5b to oscillating block 10a at 10q (FIG. 10A). 5x is the thickness of 5b. When 5b is in the 1g region, the rectangular openings 4a, 5a, 6a on all three layers are aligned to allow maximum air flow through 4b, 5b, and 6b. When 5b is in the 1h or 1f regions, the rectangular openings 5a on 5b are partially aligned with the rectangular openings 4a on 4b and 6a on 6b, to allow a moderate amount of air flow through 4b, 5b, and 6b. When 5b is in the 1e region, the rectangular openings 5a on 5b are aligned with the spaces between the adjacent rectangular openings of 4a and 6a and no air can flow through 4b, 5b and 6b;
(124) FIG. 5B illustrates the FIG. 5A sectional 5Q view of the middle-blade 5b of the three-layer AACTERB;
(125) FIG. 5C illustrates the end view of the middle-blade 5b of the three-layer AACTERB.
(126) FIG. 6A illustrates the front view of the rear-blade 6b of the three-layer AACTERB. Rectangular openings 6a of width Δ are aligned along 6b span. The distance between any adjacent rectangular opening 6a is also Δ. 6s are screw locations to join back-layer 6b with front-layer 4b. The rectangular openings 4a and 6a are always aligned. 6q are screw locations where 6b is attached to block 8h at 6q′ as shown in FIG. 8. 6x is the thickness of 6b. The space 13z at the middle of 6b is for rotating arm 13r. Flanges width 13x′ gives 6b strength and allows 6b to attach to 4b at 6s;
(127) FIG. 6B illustrates the top view of FIG. 6A;
(128) FIG. 6C illustrates the rear and view of the rear-blade 6b of the three-layer AACTERB;
(129) FIG. 6D illustrates the end view of the rear-blade 6b of the three-layer AACTERB;
(130) FIG. 7A illustrates the front view of one of two rotating disks 7d designed to hold both ends of each assembled 4b, 5b, 6b AACTRB as first illustrated as 1b in FIG. 1A. The four dashed square outlines on 7d are for blocks 8h. Where each 8h connects a 4b and a 6b ends to disk 7d. 7q are screw locations on 7d connecting 7d to 8h. 8h is first identified in FIG. 1A and illustrated in detail in FIG. 8;
(131) FIG. 7B illustrates the side view of one of two rotating disks 7d designed to hold both ends of each assembled 4b, 5b, 6b AACTRB as first illustrated as 1b in FIG. 1A;
(132) FIG. 8A illustrates the front end view of the connecting block 8h which were first identified in FIG. 1A. Each 8h provides a housing space to allow a middle-layer 5b and 10a to be connected and oscillate together with maximum oscillation amplitude Δ. Other items in FIG. 8 are: 7q′ are screw locations connecting 8h to 7d. 4q′ are screw locations connecting 8h to 4b. 6q′ are screw locations connecting 8h to 6b. 8q are screws locations connecting 8h to its cover plate 9a;
(133) FIG. 8B illustrates the side view of FIG. 8A;
(134) FIG. 8C illustrates the back end view of FIG. 8B;
(135) FIG. 8D illustrates the top view of FIG. 8B;
(136) FIG. 9A illustrates the side view of 8h cover plate 9a. Screw locations 8q′ connect 9a to 8h. When opened, this cover plate 9a allows for servicing of the connection between the middle-layer 5b and oscillating push-and-pull block 10a. 9g are groves to allow movement of pin 10a ends, which are slightly protruded out of one side of 10a at 10q to allow 10p to be pulled out for repair;
(137) FIG. 9B illustrates the side view of 8h cover plate 9a;
(138) FIG. 9C illustrates the top view of 8h cover plate 9a;
(139) FIG. 10A illustrates the side view of the oscillating push-and-pull block 10a which connects to the middle-layer 5b by pins 10p at locations 10φ. 10s are locations for two shafts 11s which connect to rollers 11r as illustrated in FIG. 11C. Three pins 10p are used to connect 5b to 10a at 10φ. Pin 10p length is slightly longer than 10x to allow pins to be pulled out for service;
(140) FIG. 10B illustrates the top view of FIG. 10A;
(141) FIG. 10C illustrates the front end view of FIG. 10A;
(142) FIG. 10D illustrates the side view of the pins 10p used to connect 10a to middle-layer 5b. Pin length is slightly greater than 10x, but not more than the grove 9g depth 9x, for service pull out;
(143) FIG. 10E illustrates the end view of the pins 10p;
(144) FIG. 11A illustrates the end view of the rollers 11r. Each roller 11r can rotate at the end of a shaft 11s. These two rollers 11r are placed on either sides of the twisted ring ‘12c presses against 12c surfaces 12a and 12a’, where 12c is the twisted rim of stationary cam 12d;
(145) FIG. 11B illustrates the side view of the rollers 11r;
(146) FIG. 11C illustrates the various connections between rollers 11r and roller shafts 11s, between the rollers 11r and stationary cam surfaces 12a and 12a′ of 12c, between push-and-pull oscillating block 10a and block 8h, between stationary disk 7d and 8h, between 8h and three-layer AACTRB 4b, 5b, 6b. 11w are washers and 110 are nuts;
(147) FIG. 12A illustrates the front view of the stationary cam disk 12d. The cam profiles are determined by the twisted ring 12c surfaces 12a and 12a′ on the rim of 12d which are partially visible in FIG. 12B. Two rollers 11r are placed on either sides of 12d pressing against its twisted rim cam 12c surfaces 12a and 12a′;
(148) FIG. 12B illustrates the side view of the stationary cam disk 12d. The cam profiles are determined by the twisted ring 12c surfaces 12a and 12a′ on the rim of 12d which are partially visible. Two rollers 11r are placed on either sides of 12d pressing against its twisted rim cam 12c surfaces 12a and 12a′;
(149) FIG. 12C illustrates a typical profile of this twisted ring 12c surfaces 12a and 12a′. Superimposed on FIG. 12C are the 1j rotation regions 1e, 1f, 1g and 1h corresponding to the oscillation positions of middle-layer blade 5b, which identify the asymmetric changing of a three-layer AACTRB area 1j in each AACTRB revolution cycle as first illustrated in FIG. 1B. Symbol A shown in FIG. 12B and FIG. 12C represents the rectangular opening 4a, 5a, 6a width and also the space between all adjacent rectangular openings on each AACTRB layers 4b, 5b, 6b. The vibrations due to 5b (and 10a) axial 1P direction oscillations can be reduced by rotating the stationary cam disk 12d on the right side 15a of the FW fuselage 180° opposite the 12d on the left side 15a′ of the FW fuselage. In other words, the corresponding middle-layer blades 5b on both sides of the FW fuselage will be synchronized to oscillate towards or away-from each other at all times. Of course, this is assuming the 15a RPM is synchronized to the 15a′ RPM;
(150) FIG. 13A illustrates the front view of the rotating arm 13r which transmits the engine 20e power from 1p to 13r and finally to the four AACTRB propellers. The three-layer AACTRB 4b, 5b, 6b are assembled and placed at the tip of each 13r and held onto 13r by cover clamp 14a (FIG. 14A). 13x is the sum of the three-layer blade thickness: 4x plus 5x plus 6x. The flange of 4b is 13x″ which gives 4b strength and allow 4b to attach to 6b at 4s. 13y is the height of 4b. 13z is the 13r width. Screw locations 13b and 13c are for clamp 14a to attach on 13r. Keys 13k attach 13r onto power shaft 1p;
(151) FIG. 13B illustrates the side view of FIG. 13A;
(152) FIG. 14A illustrates the side view of a cover clamp 14a which holds each assembled three-layer 4b, 5b, 6b AACTRB to its rotating arm 13r. 13z is the width of 13r. Screw locations 14b and 14c on 14a align to screws locations 13b and 13c respectively on 13r;
(153) FIG. 14B illustrates the front view of FIG. 14A;
(154) FIG. 14C illustrates the top view of FIG. 14A;
(155) FIG. 14D is a sectional view illustrating the assembled 14a, 13r, 6b, 5b and 4b;
(156) FIG. 15 is a sectional 2Q view of FIG. 2B. It views an AACTRB propeller from downstream of the air flow 2v′. This view is identified as 15Q. Items above 1p are outside the FW surface 2k. Items below 1p are submerged inside the FW surface 2k. FIG. 15 illustrates the connections of the key components which make up a Flying-Wing AACTRB propeller 15Q: The FW left AACTRB propeller is labeled as 15a and the FW right AACTRB propeller is also labeled as 15a. Key items visible in 15Q are: two of the three-layer AACTRB 4b and 6b, rotating arms 13r, rotating end disks 7d, stationary cam disks 12d, connecting blocks 8h, parts of oscillating block 10a, rollers 11r, small gear box 15g, power shafts 1p. A more detailed connection between the left and right side 15a is shown in FIG. 21, where three small gear boxes 15g are placed inside one big gear box 21g on each sides of the FW. The two big gear boxes 21g on each side of each FW are connected by 21d, 21s and 21c. FIG. 15 can also be used to illustrate the CATRB propellers equipped FW, by simply ignoring items in FIG. 15: 7d, 8h, 10a, 11r, 12d and consider 4b, 5b, 6b, representing constant area propeller blades. Therefore, the symbol 15Q will be used to represent both CATRB and AACTRB equipped FW.
(157) FIG. 16A illustrates a side sectional view of air flow around a Flying-Wing (FW). This FW is equipped with three sets of Transverse-Radial propellers 15Q. The first 15Q is located on the FW top surface near the FW leading edge and it is partially submerged inside the FW top surface 2k and rotating CW (view from left wing tip) to push the air 16v.sub.1 towards the FW trailing edge. The second 15Q is located near the FW bottom surface leading edge and it is also partially submerged inside the FW bottom surface 2k and rotating CCW to push the air at a slower speed 16v.sub.2 (<16v.sub.1) towards the FW trailing edge. The third 15Q is partially covered by the FW flap 16f top surface and it is part of the FW flap and it is rotating CW to push the air 16v.sub.1 further backwards and downwards 16v.sub.3 (16v.sub.2<16v.sub.1<16v.sub.3) over the top surface of flap 16f. Two hydraulics 16k control flap 16f deflections 16δ about flap hinge axis 16h. 16Q represents controllable 15Q positions over FW surface. 16b are spanwise airfoils strips used to deflect more air backwards during hover. 16b are stored under FW top surface at 16c during high speed forward flight.
(158) FIG. 16B illustrates the air flow pattern over a tilted 19β FW with deflected 16δ flap 16f. The downward airflow 16V.sub.5 plus downward deflected 16V.sub.4 generates more lift on FW. The flap top 15Q will prevent wing stall at high angle of attack 16∝ and high flap deflections 16δ.
(159) FIG. 16C illustrates the resultant lift 16l, drag 16d and thrust 16t force vectors acting on the stationary or non-stationary FW. 17j are wing tip RCJ clusters.
(160) FIG. 17A is the top view illustrating a typical RCJ (Reaction Control Jet) cluster with two jet nozzles 17n. Compressed air 17a is piped from FW tilt 20β axis 21s to wing tip values 17p. Selected opening/closing of valves by solenoid 17s will allow air 17a to flow into specific combustion chamber 17c. Fuel 17f′ is injected into chamber 17c and ignited by spark 17k′. The combustion exhaust 17e jets out of nozzle 17n producing a thrust pulse 17t on the FW tip perpendicular to 21s. After the chamber 17c pressure has reduced below air 17a pressure, the solenoid will reopen 17p to repeat the jet pulse 17e cycle as shown in FIG. 20.
(161) FIG. 17B is the section A-A of FIG. 17A.
(162) FIGS. 17CA, 17CB, and 17CC shows the three views of a solenoid 17s which controls the opening/closing of a valve 17p.
(163) FIG. 18A illustrates the side view of a Flying-Wing-Aircraft (FWA): A FW 18w (=19w) is supported by a vertical fin structure 18z above the fuselage 18f. A regular horizontal stabilizer 18h sets on top of a vertical tail 18t which is located above the fuselage 18f tail section. 18e is the engine, 18g are the gear boxes, 15a are the AACTRB or CATRB propellers identified in FIG. 15. This single FW aircraft is designed to take-off and land on short runways;
(164) FIG. 18B illustrates the top view of FIG. 18A;
(165) FIG. 18C illustrates the front view of FIG. 18B;
(166) FIG. 19A illustrates a typical VTOL/FWA in hover, low-speed ascent/descent, low-speed forward/backward level flights, or ALFH states. Both the front FW 19w and the rear 19w′ are tilted up their leading edges pointing toward each other at tilt angles 19β and 19β′ respectively. 21s is 19w tilt 19β axis. Two posts 21a attached to rotatable 19φ disk 21b support power shaft 21s. 19v.sub.1, 19v.sub.2, 19v.sub.3, and 19v.sub.5 are air velocities around 19w, 19l, 19d and 19t are resultant lift, drag and thrust force vectors acting on 19w. 19 φ is 19w horizontal rotation angle. Surface 19h is rotated into downstream 19v.sub.5 to provide control during hover. 19h are rotated level (shown in dashed line) during forward flight at high speed. 19p are optional propellers that can be rotated to 19p′ during ALFH state. Same definition of notations with an apostrophe for 19w′.
(167) FIG. 19B illustrates a similar VTOL/FWA as in FIG. 19A except in FIG. 19B configuration, the leading edges of 19w and 19w′ are pointing upward and away from each other. All notations in FIG. 19B have the same definition as defined in FIG. 19A.
(168) FIG. 20 illustrates the timing sequence required to generate a sequence of jet thrust pulses 17t. They are: (1) opening/closing fresh air 17a valve 17p, (2) Fuel injection 17f′ on/off, (3) Spark 17k′ on/off, (4) Rise/fall of combustion chamber 17c pressure, (5) Rise/fall of jet thrust pulse 17t acting on the FW wing-tips. The selection of firing each RCJ jet is determined by computer based on mission requirements.
(169) FIG. 21A illustrates the way FW 19w is attached to the fuselage 19f by two vertical beams 21a fixed on top of a rotatable 21φ (=19q) disk 21b. This disk 21b is placed inside 19f top structure and it can rotate 21q inside 19f. Engine 21e is placed on top of 21b between the two beams 21a. Engine power is transmitted through shaft 21s, which is supported by beams 21a on either side of 21e to big gear boxes 21g located on both left and right sides of 19w. Engine power is further distributed to three smaller gear boxes 15g inside of each 21g, and then to each TR-propeller 15a. This arrangement allows all three TR-propellers 15a on each side of 19w to operate independently at different RPMs and different power levels.
(170) The left-side and right-side of 19w are connected at three places: (1) by power shaft 21s, (2) by structure beam 21d connecting the front-left-side 21g to the front-right-side 21g of 19w and (3) by structure beam 21c connecting the rear-left-side and rear-right-side of big gear box 21g. FW 19w tilt angle 19β is controlled by two hydraulics 21h. Each 21h is attached to disk 21b at one end and at the other end attached to 21c, as illustrated in FIG. 21B. FW rotation 21q (=19φ) is controlled by wing tip RCJ jets 17j for rapid rotation 19φ. The above description applies to FW 19w′
(171) FIG. 21B illustrates the top view of FIG. 21A;
(172) FIG. 21C illustrates the end view of FIG. 21A. It shows the electric motor 21m and gears 21n, 21z are used to rotate the disk 21d. This figure also illustrates the 19w angle of rotation 21φ=19φ.
(173) FIG. 21D is the bottom view of FIG. 21A. It illustrates the optional electric motor 21m, gears 21n and 21z to fine tune 21φ angle.
(174) FIG. 22A illustrates the same VTOL/FWA of FIG. 19A. 22i are instrument and control panels. 22s′ is the folded position of stairs 23s and extended walkway 23f. 23h′ are hydraulics in rest position, each controls a leg 23r. 23n are knees including knee controls. 23q are feet including foot controls. 23r′ are leg 23r in rest position.
(175) FIG. 22B illustrates the transition flight from hover to low-speed forward flight. This is done by first unlocking 19w from fuselage 19f. Then use RCJ jets 17j, at 19w wing tips, to rotate 19w 180° (=21φ=19φ). Simultaneously, lock FW 19w′ on fuselage 19f and use RCJ jets 17j′, at 19w′ wing tip, to counter rotate 19w′ and 19f together until 19q completes 180° rotation and simultaneously the fuselage 19f is pointing at the desired location.
(176) FIG. 22C illustrates the transition flight from low-speed to high-speed forward flight. This is done by simultaneously lower 19β and 19β′, adjusting all TR-propellers 15a power and all flap 16f deflections until desired forward speed at desired altitude are achieved.
(177) FIG. 23A illustrates a VTOL/FWA in backward level flight M.sup.(0).sub.32 with all its feet 23q pushing firmly against the window 23y outside wall. This is also labeled as ALFH (Anchored-Level-Flight-Hover) state during window rescue mission. The telescopic walkway 23f′ and stairs 23s are extended out from their folded position 22s′ to the building floor 23x. This allows people marooned inside the building to walk horizontally along dashed-line-arrows path 23v, into the rescue VTOL/FWA waiting outside the window 23y.
(178) FIG. 23B illustrates the top view of FIG. 23A. The stability of VTOL/FWA during the ALFH state is maintained by sensors 23j located at each foot 23q and at fuselage nose. Large disturbances are controlled by TR-propellers RPM, flap 16f deflections or by optional propellers at 19p′. Small disturbances are corrected by tilting one FW's 19w′ wing-tip RCJ jets 17j′ 90° so that these jet thrust vectors 17t′ are perpendicular to the other 19w FW's wing-tip RCJ jet 17j thrust vectors 17t. These perpendicular jet thrust vectors (17t and 17t′) are used to correct small variations of the VTOL/FWA's pitch, roll and yaw disturbances. In addition, the magnitude of each jet pulse can be controlled by changing: pulse duration 20n, amount of fuel injected per cycle 17k′, spark-energy per cycle, etc., as illustrated in FIG. 20.
(179) FIG. 23C illustrates a VTOL/FWA walking on building wall 23z. This is done by using on-board computer to select and free one foot 23q′ at a time from the wall and then place this foot 23q′ in a different location on the wall. By repeating this walking process with different foot 23q until the rear-end of VTOL/FWA is accurately aligned to the window opening.
(180) Alternately, all feet 23q can be wheels, with electric motors at wheel hubs to drive this VTOL/FWA (in LFAH state) in all directions on a relatively smooth building outside wall.
(181) Also, by changing VTOL/FWA from ALFH state to Backward-Ascent/Descent state or yaw maneuver. This will allow the net backward force developed on both FW to push this VTOL/FWA with wheel feet around on the building wall.
(182) FIG. 24A illustrates the VTOL/FWA in Horizontal High Rise Building Window Rescue Mission (HHRBWRM) sequence: (1) 24a: VTOL/FWA in high speed level fight towards a high rise building 23z; (2) 24b: reducing VTOL/FWA forward speed by tilting both FWs 19w and 19w′ upwards 20β and 20β′ and adjusting all 15a RPMs and all flap 16f deflections 16δ; (3) 24c: after achieving the desired altitude and heading ψ to about 100 meters in front of the high rise building window 23y. Rotate 19w 180°=19φ ending with VTOL/FWA hovering with its rear-end point at window. (4) 24d: Perform backward level flight until all feet 23q are pushed firmly on building wall 23z near window 23y. If required, perform walking maneuver (FIG. 23C) to accurately align VTOL/FWA to window opening, before extending walkway 23f; (5) 24e: break the window 23y then extend the stairs 23s into the room floor 23x; (6) 24f: after people have walked horizontally into the hovering rescue VTOL/FWA (FIG. 23A), slowly retract 23s then push VTOL/FWA away from the building by adjusting 19w and 19w′ tilt angles 2013 and 20β′ and/or 19w and 19w′ TR-propellers RPMs and/or use wing tip RCJ 17j to push VTOL/FWA away from the building 23z. Finally, retract the telescoping walkway 23f and fold back the stairs 23s to 22 s′ position; and (7) 24g: rotate 19φ the FW 19w 180° to achieve the desired VTOL/FWA heading ψ, tilt both 20β and 20β′ and flaps 16f down close to their respective horizontal positions for high-speed forward level flight towards a desired landing site.
