Thermophilic Recombinant Type II Pullulanase and Application thereof

Abstract

The present disclosure discloses a thermophilic recombinant type II pullulanase and the application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of genetic engineering. The present disclosure obtains a thermophilic recombinant type II pullulanase by heterologously expressing type II pullulanase in Escherichia coli. Its optimum pH is 6.6, it has better pH tolerance under the conditions of pH 5.8-8.0, and its optimum temperature is 95° C. After incubating at 95° C. for 10 h, the remaining enzyme activity is greater than 50%. It can exhibit higher specific enzyme activity under strong reducing conditions. For example, adding DTT to the culture environment can increase the specific enzyme activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py by 237.2%. The present disclosure also provides the combined truncation mutant Δ28N+Δ791C of type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py. The specific enzyme activity of the enzyme mutant is 32.18±0.92 U/mg, which is 5.99 times as high as that of the wild-type enzyme, thereby having important industrial application value and potential.

Claims

1. A recombinant Escherichia coli (E. Coli), (1) expressing type II pullulanase encoded by SEQ ID NO:3, or (2) expressing type II pullulanase encoded by SEQ ID NO:1, wherein the recombinant E. coli has an enhanced protein secretion capacity in a culture environment containing strong reductants.

2. The recombinant E. coli according to claim 1, wherein the strong reductants comprise Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, DTT and/or β-mercaptoethanol.

3. The recombinant E. coli according to claim 1, wherein a pET series vector is used as an expression vector.

4. The recombinant E. coli according to claim 1, wherein pET-24a(+) is used as an expression vector.

5. The recombinant E. coli according to claim 3, wherein E. coli BL21 (DE3) is used as a host.

6. The recombinant E. coli according to claim 1, wherein the strong reductants compromise Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, DTT and/or β-mercaptoethanol; pET-24a(+) is used as an expression vector; and E. coli BL21 (DE3) is used as a host.

7. The recombinant E. coli according to claim 1, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the type II pullulanase described in (1) is set forth in SEQ ID NO:4.

8. The recombinant E. coli according to claim 6, wherein the nucleotide sequence encoding the type II pullulanase described in (2) is set forth in SEQ ID NO:2.

9. A preparation method for the recombinant E. coli of claim 1, wherein the method comprises: synthesizing the nucleotide sequence of type II pullulanase; connecting to an expression vector to obtain a recombinant plasmid; connecting the tag sequence Sumo to the recombinant plasmid to replace the T7 tag in the recombinant plasmid, and then transforming into E. coli.

10. A method for producing type II pullulanase, comprising carrying out fermentation by using the recombinant E. coli according to claim 7.

11. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: inoculating a cultured seed solution of recombinant E. coli into LB medium with an inoculum of 1%-5%, and culturing with shaking at 35-38° C. until OD.sub.600 reaches 0.4-0.6; and adding an inducer IPTG at a final concentration of 1-2 mmol/L and culturing with shaking at 200-220 rpm at 15-16° C. for 15-20 h.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the seed solution of recombinant E. coli is obtained by inoculating recombinant E. coli into LB medium and culturing at 35-38° C. for 10-14 h.

13. A method for producing syrup, resistant starch, branched cyclodextrin or citric acid, comprising using starchy raw materials as substrates and carrying out fermentation of the recombinant E. coli according to claim 1.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES

[0024] FIG. 1 shows the effect of different protein fusion tags on the expression of type II pullulanase Pul.sub.Py.

[0025] FIG. 2 shows the SDS-PAGE diagram of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py expressed in E. coli; in FIG. 2, 1 shows the low molecular weight protein Marker; 2 shows the cell lysate supernatant of BL21 (DE3)-pET-24a(+)-His+Sumo-Pul.sub.Py; 3 shows the recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py purified by nickel column.

[0026] FIG. 3 shows the relative enzyme activity of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py under different pH conditions.

[0027] FIG. 4 shows the pH stability of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py.

[0028] FIG. 5 shows the relative enzyme activity of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py under different temperature conditions.

[0029] FIG. 6 shows the thermal stability of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py.

[0030] FIG. 7 shows the degradation products of pullulan by recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py.

[0031] FIG. 8 shows the degradation products of Amylose from potato by recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py.

[0032] FIG. 9 shows the remaining specific enzyme activity of truncation mutant of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py after heat preservation at 95° C. and 100° C. for 2 h.

[0033] FIG. 10 shows the relative enzyme activity of the combined truncation mutant Δ28N+Δ791C under different pH conditions.

[0034] FIG. 11 shows the pH stability analysis of the combined truncation mutant Δ28N+Δ791C.

[0035] FIG. 12 shows the relative enzyme activity of the combined truncation mutant Δ28N+Δ791C under different temperature conditions.

[0036] FIG. 13 shows the thermal stability of the combined truncation mutant Δ28N+Δ791C under the condition of 100° C.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] (1) Strains and Vectors

The E. coli expression vector pET-24a(+) and the strain Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) were purchased from Novagen.

[0038] (2) Enzymes and Other Biochemical Reagents

Restriction endonuclease, T4 DNA ligase, and PrimeSTAR MAX DNA polymerase were purchased from Takara Biomedical Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Purification and plasmid extraction kits were purchased from Tiangen Biotech (Beijing) Co., Ltd. Pullulan was purchased from Shandong Freda Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Amylose from potato and small molecule oligosaccharide standards were purchased from SIGMA-ALDRICH; Tryptone and Yeast Extract were purchased from UK OXOID (UK), and other reagents are domestic analytically pure.

[0039] (3) Medium

LB medium (g/L): yeast powder 5.0, Tryptone 10.0, NaCl 10.0, pH 7.0. Plate-screening medium (g/L): Yeast powder 5.0, Tryptone 10.0, NaCl 10.0, agar 20.0, pH 7.0.

[0040] The molecular biology experiment methods that are not specifically explained in the following examples are all carried out with reference to the specific methods listed in J. Sambrock, Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (3rd edition), or according to kit and the instructions of product.

Example 1 Cloning and Recombinant Expression of Type II Pullulanase Gene

[0041] The gene sequence was codon-optimized, according to the suspected type II pullulanase gene (The Genbank accession number: WP_013906427.1) derived from Pyrococcus yayanosii CH1, a deep-sea piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon. The optimized gene sequence (SEQ ID NO:2) was synthesized and connected to the restriction sites between BamH I and Xho I in the expression vector pET-24a(+) by General Biosystems (Anhui) Co., Ltd. to obtain a recombinant plasmid pET-24a(+)-Pul.sub.Py. Next, the tag sequences Flag, Strep, Gst, Sumo, and Mbp were respectively synthesized to the restriction sites between Nde I and BamH I in pET-24a(+)-Pul.sub.Py by General Biosystems (Anhui) Co., Ltd. The T7 tags of the above recombinant plasmids were replaced and respectively transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3), and the enzyme activity of recombinant type II pullulanase was compared. The results in FIG. 1 show that when Flag, Strep, Gst, Sumo, and Mbp tags are added, the intracellular enzyme activities of recombinant type II pullulanase are 2.15, 2.72, 0.58, 3.7, and 1.77 U/mL, respectively. It can be seen that the Sumo tag has a better effect on the expression of recombinant type II pullulanase.

[0042] In order to obtain the pure protein of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py, a nucleic acid sequence containing both His and Sumo tags was synthesized by General Biosystems (Anhui) Co., Ltd. and connected to the restriction sites between Nde I and BamH I in pET-24a(+)-Pul.sub.Py to obtain pET-24a(+)-His+Sumo-Pul.sub.Py which was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3).

[0043] BL21 (DE3)-pET-24a(+)-His+Sumo-Pul.sub.Py was inoculated into 5 mL of LB culture medium (50 μg/mL kanamycin), and cultured overnight at 37° C. The cultured bacterial solution was inoculated into 50 mL of LB culture medium (added with 50 μg/mL kanamycin) with an inoculum of 1% and cultured with shaking at 37° C. for about 2 to 3 h. After OD.sub.600 reaching 0.6, an inducer IPTG was added with a final concentration of 2 mmol/L, the mixture was cultured with shaking at 220 rpm at 16° C. for 16 h and centrifuged at 12000 rpm for 5 min, and the supernatant of medium was collected. DNS method was used to determine the activity of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py. The SDS-PAGE results in FIG. 2 show that the recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py was expressed in E. coli, and the protein content of the expressed recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py reaches more than 90% of the total protein after affinity purification through a nickel column.

Example 2 Determination of Properties of Recombinant Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.SUB.Py

[0044] 1. Determination of the Activity of the Recombinant Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py

[0045] The determination of the activity of recombinant type II pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py was adopted the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. The specific steps were as follows: reacting 100 μL reaction system (10 μL potassium phosphate buffer with different pH with a final concentration of 100 mM, 50 μL pullulan with a final concentration of 3% and 40 μL enzyme solution) at a certain temperature for 15 min, adding 100 μL DNS reaction solution, boiling in a water bath for 6 min, immediately cooling to room temperature with running water, adding and diluting with distilled water, mixing well, and determining OD.sub.476. One enzyme activity unit (U) was defined as the amount of enzyme required to release reducing sugar correspond to the reduction capacity of 1 μmol glucose per minute under assay conditions.

[0046] 2. Determination of the Optimum pH and pH Stability of the Recombinant Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py

[0047] Determination of the optimum pH: the purified Sumo-Pul.sub.Py was subjected to enzymatic reaction in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 5.8-8.0) at 95° C.

[0048] Determination of the pH stability of the enzyme: the enzyme solution was added into 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 5.8-8.0) and disposed at 4° C. for 4 h, and then the enzymatic reaction was performed at pH 6.6 and 95° C. to determine the remaining enzyme activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py. The results show that the optimum pH of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py is 6.6 (FIG. 3); Sumo-Pul.sub.Py is very stable between pH 5.8 and 8.0. Except for a 12% loss of enzyme activity after disposal at pH 5.8 for 4 h, the rest has almost no effect on the enzyme activity (FIG. 4).

[0049] 3. Optimum Temperature and Thermal Stability of Recombinant Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py

[0050] Determination of the optimum temperature of the enzyme: the enzymatic reaction was performed in a potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.6) at 75-100° C.

[0051] Determination of the thermal stability of the enzyme: the enzyme solution with the same amount of enzyme was placed under the conditions of 80° C., 90° C., 95° C. and 100° C., respectively, and disposed for 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h and 10 h, respectively, and the enzymatic reaction was performed at pH 6.6 and 95° C. to determine the remaining enzyme activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py. The determination results of the optimum temperature for the enzyme reaction in FIG. 5 show that the optimum temperature is 95° C. The determination results of the thermal stability of enzyme in FIG. 6 show that the remaining enzyme activity is greater than 50% after Sumo-Pul.sub.Py heat preservating at 95° C. for 10 h, which indicates that the enzyme has good thermal stability.

[0052] 4. Kinetic Parameters of the Recombinant Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py

[0053] Using different concentrations of pullulan (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg/mL) as the substrate, the enzyme activity was determined under the optimum conditions, the corresponding reaction rate was calculated, and Km value and Vmax were obtained by Linewear Burk method using Michaelis-Menten Equation. The results show that the Vmax of the enzyme is 5.37±0.20 U/mg, and the Km is 8.78±0.89 mg/mL.

[0054] 5. Effect on Different Metal Ions and Chemical Reagents on the Enzyme Activity of Recombinant Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py

[0055] 2 mM metal ions and a certain concentration of chemical reagents were added to the enzymatic reaction system to investigate their effects on Sumo-Pul.sub.Py activity. When metal ions and chemical reagents were not added, Sumo-Pul.sub.Py had a specific enzyme activity of 5.37±0.20 U/mg under the condition of 95° C. and pH 6.6, and the relative enzyme activity was 100% at this time. The results in Table 1 show that Fe.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, DTT, and β-mercaptoethanol can increase the activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py by higher than 40%, and the addition of DTT can increase the activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py by 237.2%; K.sup.+, Triton X-100, and Tween-80 weakly promote the enzyme activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py; other reagents inhibit the activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py to a certain extent.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Effects on metal ions and chemical reagents on the activity of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py Relative enzyme Reagent Concentration activity (%) None —  100 ± 2.8 CaCl.sub.2 2 mM 71.3 ± 3.5 MnCl.sub.2 2 mM 91.2 ± 2.9 FeSO.sub.4 2 mM 183.1 ± 4.0  NiSO.sub.4 2 mM 73.3 ± 3.3 CoCl.sub.2 2 mM 150.0 ± 4.8  CuCl.sub.2 2 mM 45.9 ± 3.5 MgCl.sub.2 2 mM 94.9 ± 3.4 NaCl 2 mM 81.1 ± 4.2 ZnSO.sub.4 2 mM 0 KCl 2 mM 104.1 ± 3.0  DTT 1% 337.2 ± 4.7  Triton X-100 1% 111.1 ± 3.6  β-mercaptoethanol 1% 157.4 ± 3.0  Tween-80 1% 110.8 ± 2.9 

[0056] 6. Analysis of the Degradation Products of Pullulan and Amylose by Recombinant Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.sub.Py

[0057] The sample processing procedure was as follows: an appropriate amount of pure enzyme solution was mixed well with 1% pullulan and 1% Amylose from potato respectively, enzymatically hydrolyzed at 95° C. for 6 h, cooled to room temperature and then centrifuged at 12000 r/min for 20 min. And the supernatant was taken. The enzymatic hydrolysis products of pullulan and Amylose from potato were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC, conditions: Hpersil NH.sub.2 amino column (4.6×250 mm), column temperature 40° C., mobile phase (acetonitrile:water=67:33), flow rate 1.0 mL/min, injection volume 20 μL) and MALDI-TOF/TOF matrix-assisted laser analysis/ionization tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometer respectively.

[0058] The results show that most of the pullulan hydrolysates are maltotriose, and there is no panose and isopanose in the hydrolysate, which indicates that Sumo-Pul.sub.Py has a specific hydrolysis effect on the α-1,6-glycosidic linkage in pullulan, and belongs to pullulanase (FIG. 7); the hydrolysate of Amylose from potato by Sumo-Pul.sub.Py are mainly oligosaccharides such as pentasaccharides, hexasaccharides, heptasaccharides, and octasaccharides, which indicates that the enzyme also has a certain hydrolysis capacity on the α-1,4-glycosidic linkage in Amylose from potato and has the function of α-amylase (FIG. 8). In summary, Sumo-Pul.sub.Py belongs to type II pullulanase.

Example 3 Analysis of the Enzymatic Properties of the Truncation Mutant Δ28N+Δ791C of Type II Pullulanase Sumo-Pul.SUB.Py

[0059] First, the first 28 and 33 amino acids at the N-terminal of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py were deleted and the amino acids after positions 734, 784, 790, 1021, 1025, 1068, and 1077 at the C-terminal of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py were deleted respectively. The obtained 9 Pul.sub.Py truncated gene sequences were respectively synthesized and connected to the restriction sites between BamH I and Xho I in the vector pET-24a(+)-His+Sumo-Pul.sub.Py by General Biosystems (Anhui) Co., Ltd. The obtained 9 new recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) respectively. The results show that the specific enzyme activity of Δ735C at 95° C. is 0.33 time as high as that of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py, and the remaining specific enzyme activity after heat preservation at 100° C. for 2 h is 1.5 U/mg, while the specific enzyme activity of Δ28N and Δ791C at 95° C. are 2.02 and 2.31 times as high as that of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py respectively, and the remaining specific enzyme activity of the two after heat preservation at 100° C. for 2 h are also increased to a certain extent compared with Sumo-Pul.sub.Py (FIG. 9).

[0060] Afterwards, the first 28 amino acids at the N-terminal of Pul.sub.Py and the amino acids after position 790 at the C-terminal of Pul.sub.Py were deleted to obtain the combined truncation mutant Δ28N+Δ791C (the amino acid sequence is set forth in SEQ ID NO:3). The expression and purification conditions and the analysis method of enzymatic properties for Δ28N+Δ791C were the same as those of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py. The results show that the optimum pH of Δ28N+Δ791C is 6.4, which has a clear tendency to shift to acidity compared with Sumo-Pul.sub.Py (FIG. 10); Δ28N+Δ791C has good pH tolerance between pH 5.8 and 8.0 (FIG. 11); the optimum temperature of Δ28N+Δ791C is 100° C., which improves 5° C. compared with that of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py (FIG. 12); the thermal stability of Δ28N+Δ791C at 100° C. slightly improves compared with that of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py (FIG. 13). In terms of kinetic parameters, the Vmax of Δ28N+Δ791C is 32.18±0.92 U/mg, and the specific enzyme activity is 5.99 times as high as that of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py (5.37±0.20 U/mg); Km is 6.63±0.56 mg/mL, which is slightly reduced compared with that of Sumo-Pul.sub.Py (8.78±0.89 mg/mL), indicating that the affinity of Δ28N+Δ791C to the substrate has been improved to a certain extent.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE

[0061] The suspected type II pullulanase gene (The Genbank accession number: WP_013906427.1) derived from Pyrococcus yayanosii CH1, a deep-sea piezophilic hyperthermophilic archaeon, was synthesized, and the gene was connected to the restriction sites between BamH I and Xho I in the expression vector pET-24a(+) to obtain a recombinant plasmid pET-24a(+)-Pul.sub.Py. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3). According to the culture method of Example 1, the expression of type II pullulanase gene was not detected.

[0062] Although the present disclosure has been disclosed in the above preferred examples, it is not intended to limit the present disclosure. Any person familiar with the technology can make various modifications and changes without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the protection scope of the present disclosure should be defined by the claims.