Multiple SCTP associations per S1AP connection and moving S1AP signaling connection between SCTP associations

Abstract

Certain embodiments disclose systems, methods, and apparatus for establishing and using multiple Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) associations. An example method includes a network node establishing a first SCTP association and a second SCTP association for an application protocol connection with a core network node. The network node moves a user equipment (UE) associated signaling stream from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association.

Claims

1. A method for use by a network node in a Radio Access Network (RAN), the method comprising: establishing a first Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) association for an application protocol connection with a core network node; establishing a second SCTP association for the application protocol connection with the core network node; establishing a third SCTP association for the application protocol connection with the core network node, wherein the first and second SCTP associations are dedicated to one or more UE associated signaling streams and the third SCTP association is dedicated to a non-UE associated signaling stream; and moving a user equipment (UE) associated signaling stream from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein each UE associated signaling stream to which the first, second, or both first and second SCTP associations are dedicated is associated with a respective UE.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association is performed in response to at least one of: a load balancing determination; hardware maintenance; hardware expansion; or a determination to perform network slicing.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream includes receiving a message from the core network node, the message indicating a network node identifier corresponding to the UE associated signaling stream.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream includes receiving a message from the core network node, the message indicating a core network node identifier corresponding to the UE associated signaling stream.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising: associating a first set of one or more UE associated signaling streams with the first SCTP association; and associating a second set of one or more UE associated signaling streams with the second SCTP association.

7. A network node, comprising: a memory to store instructions; processing circuitry to execute the instructions to perform operations comprising: establishing a first Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) association for an application protocol connection with a core network node; establishing a second SCTP association for the application protocol connection with the core network node; establishing a third SCTP association for the application protocol connection with the core network node, wherein the first and second SCTP associations are dedicated to one or more UE associated signaling streams and the third SCTP association is dedicated to a non-UE associated signaling stream; and moving a user equipment (UE) associated signaling stream from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association.

8. The network node of claim 7, wherein each UE associated signaling stream to which the first, second, or both first and second SCTP associations are dedicated is associated with a respective UE.

9. The network node of claim 7, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association is performed in response to at least one of: a load balancing determination; hardware maintenance; hardware expansion; or a determination to perform network slicing.

10. The network node of claim 7, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream includes receiving a message from the core network node, the message indicating a network node identifier corresponding to the UE associated signaling stream.

11. The network node of claim 7, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream includes receiving a message from the core network node, the message indicating a core network node identifier corresponding to the UE associated signaling stream.

12. The network node of claim 7, further comprising: associating a first set of one or more UE associated signaling streams with the first SCTP association; and associating a second set of one or more UE associated signaling streams with the second SCTP association.

13. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code, the computer readable program code executed by a network node to perform operations comprising: establishing a first Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) association for an application protocol connection with a core network node; establishing a second SCTP association for the application protocol connection with the core network node; establishing a third SCTP association for the application protocol connection with the core network node, wherein the first and second SCTP associations are dedicated to one or more UE associated signaling streams and the third SCTP association is dedicated to a non-UE associated signaling stream; and moving a user equipment (UE) associated signaling stream from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association.

14. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein each UE associated signaling stream to which the first, second, or both first and second SCTP associations are dedicated is associated with a respective UE.

15. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association is performed in response to at least one of: a load balancing determination; hardware maintenance; hardware expansion; or a determination to perform network slicing.

16. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream includes receiving a message from the core network node, the message indicating a network node identifier corresponding to the UE associated signaling stream.

17. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein moving the UE associated signaling stream includes receiving a message from the core network node, the message indicating a core network node identifier corresponding to the UE associated signaling stream.

18. The non-transitory computer readable storage medium of claim 13, further comprising: associating a first set of one or more UE associated signaling streams with the first SCTP association; and associating a second set of one or more UE associated signaling streams with the second SCTP association.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

(1) FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an LTE network architecture that includes S1 interfaces.

(2) FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a management system architecture that may be used to configure elements of a network.

(3) FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of an S1 Interface Control Plane stack that includes an SCTP layer.

(4) FIG. 4 is a state diagram illustrating an example of S1AP state transitions.

(5) FIG. 5 is a signal diagram illustrating an S1 setup procedure.

(6) FIG. 6 is a signal diagram illustrating an SCTP association initialization procedure.

(7) FIG. 7 is a signal diagram illustrating an address change on an existing SCTP association.

(8) FIG. 8 is a signal diagram illustrating a graceful termination of an SCTP association.

(9) FIG. 9 is a block diagram illustrating an example of network slicing.

(10) FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless network, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(11) FIGS. 11-12 are diagrams illustrating examples of establishing multiple SCTP Associations per S1AP Connection and mapping non UE-associated procedures and UE-associated procedures to the SCTP associations, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(12) FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating assignment of S1AP identifiers to distinguish between main S1AP signaling connection and S1 signaling bundles on different SCTP instances, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(13) FIG. 14 is a signal diagram illustrating an example method for adding an SCTP association to an existing S1AP connection, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(14) FIG. 15 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an MME-initiated method for adding an SCTP association to an existing S1AP connection, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(15) FIG. 16 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an eNB-initiated method for adding an SCTP association to an existing S1AP connection, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(16) FIG. 17 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for gracefully deleting an SCTP association carrying non-UE associated signaling from S1AP, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(17) FIG. 18 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for gracefully deleting an SCTP association carrying UE associated signaling from S1AP, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(18) FIG. 19 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an MME-initiated method for gracefully deleting an SCTP association from S1AP, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(19) FIG. 20 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an eNB-initiated method for gracefully deleting an SCTP association from S1AP, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(20) FIG. 21 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for broken SCTP association handling to existing S1AP, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(21) FIG. 22 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for moving multiple UE-associated signaling connections between SCTP associations (successful case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(22) FIG. 23 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an eNB-initiated method for moving a single UE-associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (successful case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(23) FIG. 24 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an MME-initiated method for moving a single UE-associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (successful case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(24) FIG. 25 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for moving a single UE-associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (failure case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(25) FIG. 26 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for moving a non-UE associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (successful case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(26) FIG. 27 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an eNB-initiated method for moving a non-UE associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (successful case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(27) FIG. 28 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of an MME-initiated method for moving a non-UE associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (successful case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(28) FIG. 29 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for moving a non-UE associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (failure case), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(29) FIG. 30 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for establishing multiple SCTP associations per S1AP connection, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(30) FIG. 31 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for associating UE-associated signaling streams and non-UE associated signaling streams with SCTP associations, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(31) FIG. 32 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for associating UE-associated signaling streams and non-UE associated signaling streams with SCTP associations, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(32) FIG. 33 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for moving traffic between SCTP associations, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(33) FIG. 34 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for identifying an SCTP association, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(34) FIG. 35 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a wireless device (e.g., UE), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(35) FIG. 36 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a network node (e.g., eNB), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(36) FIG. 37 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a network node (e.g., MME), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(37) FIG. 38 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a components of a wireless device (e.g., UE), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(38) FIG. 39 is a block diagram illustrating an example of components of a network node (e.g., eNB or MME), in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(39) Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate to establishing multiple SCTP associations per S1AP Connection. For example, the present disclosure describes methods, network nodes, and computer program products for adding, (gracefully) deleting, and handling of a broken SCTP association to an existing S1AP. Further embodiments relate to moving UE-associated signaling and/or non-UE associated signaling between SCTP Associations. In addition, the present disclosure describes identifiers that can be used to identify a mapping of individual SCTP association to S1AP. Particular embodiments are described with respect to FIGS. 10-39 of the drawings, like numerals being used for like and corresponding parts of the various drawings.

(40) FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a wireless network 100 in which the proposed solutions may be implemented, in accordance with certain embodiments. Network 100 includes one or more UE(s) 110 (which may be interchangeably referred to as wireless devices 110) and one or more network node(s), such as radio access nodes 120 (e.g., access point, a radio access point, a base station, a base station controller, an eNodeB (eNB), a Home eNB (HeNB), a HeNB Gateway (HeNB GW), etc.) and core network nodes 130 (e.g., MMEs, S-GWs, or other device that supports one or more SCTP-S1AP connections). Examples of interfaces between network nodes are described above (e.g., FIG. 1 and FIG. 3).

(41) UEs 110 may communicate with radio network nodes 120 over a wireless interface. For example, a UE 110 may transmit wireless signals to one or more of network nodes 120, and/or receive wireless signals from one or more of network nodes 120. The wireless signals may contain voice traffic, data traffic, control signals, and/or any other suitable information. In some embodiments, an area of wireless signal coverage associated with a network node 120 may be referred to as a cell. In some embodiments, UEs 110 may have device-to-device (D2D) capability. Thus, UEs 110 may be able to receive signals from and/or transmit signals directly to another UE.

(42) In certain embodiments, radio access nodes 120 may interface with a radio network controller. The radio network controller may control radio access nodes 120 and may provide certain radio resource management functions, mobility management functions, and/or other suitable functions. In certain embodiments, functions of the radio network controller may be included in radio access node 120, core network node 130, or both. Radio access node 120 may interface with core network node 130 via an interconnecting network 125. Interconnecting network 125 may refer to any interconnecting system capable of transmitting audio, video, signals, data, messages, or any combination of the preceding. Interconnecting network 125 may include all or a portion of a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a public or private data network, a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a local, regional, or global communication or computer network such as the Internet, a wireline or wireless network, an enterprise intranet, or any other suitable communication link, including combinations thereof.

(43) In some embodiments, the core network node 130 may manage the establishment of communication sessions and various other functionalities for UEs 110. UEs 110 may exchange certain signals with the core network node using the non-access stratum layer. In non-access stratum signaling, signals between UEs 110 and the core network node may be transparently passed through the radio access network.

(44) As described above, example embodiments of network 100 may include one or more wireless devices 110, and one or more different types of network nodes capable of communicating (directly or indirectly) with wireless devices 110. In some embodiments, the non-limiting term UE is used. UEs 110 described herein can be any type of wireless device capable of communicating with network nodes or other UEs over radio signals. UE 110 may also be a radio communication device, target device, D2D UE, machine-type-communication UE or UE capable of machine to machine communication (M2M), low-cost and/or low-complexity UE, a sensor equipped with UE, Tablet, mobile terminals, smart phone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, Customer Premises Equipment (CPE), etc.

(45) The term network node can be any kind of network node, such as radio access node 120 or core network node 130. Examples of network nodes include a base station (BS), radio base station, Node B, multi-standard radio (MSR) radio node such as MSR BS, eNB, gNB, network controller, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), relay node, relay donor node controlling relay, base transceiver station (BTS), access point (AP), radio access point, transmission points, transmission nodes, Remote Radio Unit (RRU), Remote Radio Head (RRH), nodes in distributed antenna system (DAS), Multi-cell/multicast Coordination Entity (MCE), core network node (e.g., MSC, MME, etc.), O&M, OSS, SON, positioning node (e.g., E-SMLC), MDT, or any other suitable network node.

(46) The terminology does not imply a certain hierarchical relation between the nodes. For example, certain embodiments may be described in terms of a first network node and a second network node, these network nodes may be any suitable network node. For example, in certain embodiments the first network node may be a radio access node 120 (e.g., eNB or gNB) and the second network node may be a core network node (e.g., MME or S-GW). As another example, in other embodiments the first network node may be a core network node (e.g., MME or S-GW) and the second network node may be a radio access node 120 (e.g., eNB or gNB).

(47) Example embodiments of UE 110 and network nodes 120 and 130 are described in more detail below with respect to FIGS. 35-39.

(48) Although FIG. 10 illustrates a particular arrangement of network 100, the present disclosure contemplates that the various embodiments described herein may be applied to a variety of networks having any suitable configuration. For example, network 100 may include any suitable number of UEs 110 and network nodes 120 and 130, as well as any additional elements suitable to support communication between UEs or between a UE and another communication device (such as a landline telephone). Furthermore, although certain embodiments may be described as implemented in an LTE network, the embodiments may be implemented in any appropriate type of telecommunication system supporting any suitable communication standards (including 5G standards) and using any suitable components, and are applicable to any RAT or multi-RAT systems in which a UE receives and/or transmits signals (e.g., data). For example, the various embodiments described herein may be applicable to LTE, LTE-Advanced, 5G, NR, UMTS, HSPA, GSM, cdma2000, WCDMA, WiMax, UMB, WiFi, another suitable radio access technology, or any suitable combination of one or more RATs.

1 Multiple SCTP Associations Per S1AP Connection

1.1 New Requirement on Additional SCTP Associations

(49) As discussed above, existing 3GPP specifications only define one single SCTP association per MME and eNB pair. As a result, problems can arise, for example, because all UEs supported by the single SCTP association may lose connectivity to the network if a failure occurs on the single SCTP association. To address this problem, certain embodiments of the present disclosure introduce a new requirement to provide additional SCTP associations between the MME and eNB. FIGS. 11-12 illustrate examples of mapping S1 signaling to multiple SCTP connections.

(50) There are several possibilities to map S1 signaling to multiple SCTP connections. However, as an example, a distinction can be made between non-UE associated S1AP procedures and UE associated S1AP procedures.

(51) FIG. 11 illustrates a first example of mapping in which all the SCTP associations mapped to a single S1AP connection are setup in a way that they may carry both non UE-associated signaling procedures and UE-associated signaling. In certain embodiments, certain non UE-associated signaling uses only one of the SCTP associations at a time. That is, one SCTP association for non-UE associated signaling would be in use while the other SCTP association(s) for non-UE associated signaling would be idle. In other embodiments, specific non-UE associated signaling will be sent on an “idle” SCTP association.

(52) FIG. 12 illustrates a second example of mapping of non UE-associated procedures and UE-associated procedures. One SCTP connection could carry non-UE associated signaling procedures and other SCTP connections could carry UE-associated signaling procedures. This arrangement of S1AP signaling split is beneficial to guarantee that at least one SCTP connection remains active to carry essential procedures like Paging, while other SCTP procedures may be suspended or removed.

(53) For the first mapping example described above (FIG. 11), one proposed solution provides for the following conditions on SCTP associations established between one MME and eNB pair: For each SCTP association, a single pair of stream identifiers shall be reserved for the sole use of S1AP elementary procedures that utilize non UE-associated signaling. For each SCTP association, at least one pair of stream identifiers shall be reserved for the sole use of S1AP elementary procedures that utilize UE-associated signaling. However a few pairs (i.e., more than one) should be reserved. Non UE-associated signaling shall be transmitted on only one of the active SCTP associations, and should not be changed unless a controlled switching of SCTP instance is performed. Exceptions apply in connection to SCTP association addition (and deletion) to an existing S1AP. A single UE-associated signaling shall use one SCTP stream on any active SCTP associations, and the stream should not be changed during the communication of the UE-associated signaling, unless a controlled switching of SCTP association is performed.

(54) For the second mapping example described above (FIG. 12), one proposed solution could involve the following conditions on SCTP associations established between one MME and eNB pair: In at least one dedicated SCTP association, where a single pair of stream identifiers shall be reserved for the sole use of S1AP elementary procedures that utilize non UE-associated signaling. In at least one dedicated SCTP association, where at least one pair of stream identifiers shall be reserved for the sole use of S1AP elementary procedures that utilize UE-associated signalings. However a few pairs (i.e., more than one) should be reserved. Non UE-associated signaling and UE-associated signaling shall be transmitted on separate SCTP associations. Non UE-associated signaling shall be transmitted on only one SCTP associations, and should not be changed unless a controlled switching of SCTP instance is performed. Exceptions apply in connection to SCTP association addition (and deletion) to an existing S1AP. A single UE-associated signaling shall use one SCTP stream on any active SCTP associations, and the stream should not be changed during the communication of the UE-associated signaling, unless a controlled switching of SCTP association is performed.

1.2 Identification for Mapping of Individual SCTP Association to S1AP

(55) In certain embodiments, several SCTP associations may be dynamically attached and detached from the S1AP instance. Thus, there is a need for identification and mapping of SCTP association to the S1AP context on both endpoints. For each SCTP association and S1AP signaling bundle running over it, a single S1AP identifier may be assigned. Such identifier identifies the portion of the S1 signaling connection between eNB and MME running on the specific SCTP connection. In one embodiment of this proposed solution, the identifier could be made of a common part (e.g., made of a number of left most bits) identifying the overall eNB-MME S1 signaling connection, plus a specific part (e.g., made of a number of right most bits) that identifies the S1AP signaling bundle ongoing on the specific SCTP connection in question. In the example above such configuration would assign a separate SCTP connection for the S1AP signaling bundle carrying non-UE associated procedures and one or more separate SCTP connections for the S1AP signaling bundles carrying UE-associated procedures. Each S1AP signaling bundle is assigned a unique identifier and all procedures related to one UE will be kept within the same SCTP connection.

(56) FIG. 13 illustrates an example assignment of S1AP identifiers to distinguish between main S1AP signaling connection and S1 signaling bundles on different SCTP instances. In the example embodiment depicted in FIG. 13, the S1 signaling connection established between the eNB and the MME is split into a number of sub bundles. Each sub bundle carries part of the signaling for the overall signaling connection. Each sub bundle is associated to a separate SCTP connection. In the example explained above one sub bundle is in charge of carrying non-UE associated signaling, while one or more sub bundles are in charge of carrying UE associated signaling.

(57) FIG. 13 provides a further example in which the S1 signaling connection is assigned an identifier, named S1 Configuration ID and assumed to be X bits long, that is unique between eNB and MME. Such identifier identifies the specific configurations for the S1 connection. For example, such identifier is able to identify a context for the signaling connection in which are stored details like Tracking Area Codes (TACs) and PLMN IDs supported by the eNB; PLMN IDs, MME Group IDs and MME Codes (MMECs) served by the MME. Each S1AP bundle, i.e., signaling portion of the main S1 signaling connection, may be identified by a parameter that is herein named S1 Signaling Bundle ID and that is made of the S1 Configuration ID (X bits) plus a Bundle ID (y bits). The bundle ID is unique within the eNB and MME pair.

(58) For assigning bundle ID to the endpoints, one example method (i.e., “method 1”) exchanges additional identifiers during S1 setup procedure, and during SCTP association addition procedure. After the procedure is completed, the initial/added SCTP association is assigned a unique S1 Signaling Bundle ID, and this mapping information is stored in the S1AP context on both endpoints.

(59) For example, during S1 Setup procedure, in S1 SETUP REQUEST, eNB provides two (for eNB) unique identifiers to MME. One identifier for the S1AP instance “eNB S1 Configuration ID” and one identifier for the SCTP association “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID”. In S1 SETUP RESPONSE, MME provides two corresponding unique (for MME) identifiers to MME, “MME S1 Configuration ID” and “MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID” to eNB. These S1AP/SCTP association identities are stored in S1AP context in both sides after the S1 setup and/or S1 association addition procedure is completed. By these identifiers, both endpoints may then be able to select the correct SCTP instance in S1AP context for e.g., deletion of SCTP instance. An example of these additional parameters, with MME S1 Configuration ID, MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID, eNB S1 Configuration ID and eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID, with value range between 1 and 232-1, can be found in Table 1 and Table 2 below.

(60) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 S1 SETUP REQUEST with eNB S1 Configuration ID and eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID. IE/Group IE type and Assigned Name Presence Range reference Semantics Criticality Criticality Message Type M 9.2.1.1 YES reject Global eNB ID M 9.2.1.37 YES reject eNB Name O PrintableString(SIZE YES ignore (1 . . . 150, . . .)) Supported TAs 1 . . . Supported TAs in GLOBAL reject <maxnoofTACs> the eNB. >TAC M 9.2.3.7 Broadcast TAC. — >Broadcast 1 . . . Broadcast PLMNs. — PLMNs <maxnoofBPLMNs> >>PLMN M 9.2.3.8 Identity Default Paging M 9.2.1.16 YES ignore DRX CSG Id List 0 . . . 1 GLOBAL reject >CSG Id 1 . . . 9.2.1.62 <maxnoofCSGIds> eNB S1 O 1 . . . 2.sup.32 − 1 eNB S1 Configuration Configuration ID ID for re-establishment eNB S1 O 1 . . . 2.sup.32 − 1 eNB SCTP Signaling association ID for Bundle ID the S1AP instance

(61) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 S1 SETUP RESPONSE with MME S1 Configuration ID and MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID IE/Group IE type and Assigned Name Presence Range reference Semantics Criticality Criticality Message Type M 9.2.1.1 YES reject MME Name O PrintableString(SIZE YES ignore (1 . . . 150, . . .)) Served 1 . . . The LTE related pool GLOBAL reject GUMMEIs <maxnoofRATs> configuration is included on the first place in the list. >Served 1 . . . — PLMNs <maxnoofPLMNsPerMME> >>PLMN M 9.2.3.8 — Identity >Served 1 . . . — GroupIDs <maxnoofGroupIDs> >>MME M OCTET STRING — Group ID (SIZE(2)) >Served 1 . . . — MMECs <maxnoofMMECs> >>MME M 9.2.3.12 — Code Relative MME M 9.2.3.17 YES ignore Capacity MME Relay O 9.2.1.82 YES ignore Support Indicator Criticality O 9.2.1.21 YES Ignore Diagnostics MME S1 O 1 . . . 2.sup.32 − 1 MME S1AP Configuration ID Configuration ID for re-establishment MME S1 O 1 . . . 2.sup.32 − 1 MME SCTP Signaling association ID for Bundle ID the S1AP instance

(62) For backward compatibility, the eNB may omit eNB SCTP S1AP ID in S1 SETUP REQUEST signal if it has no multiple SCTP association capability. MME may ignore eNB SCTP S1AP ID if it is a legacy node or it has no multiple SCTP association capability, and MME returns S1 SETUP RESPONSE without MME SCTP S1AP ID to inform eNB its lack of capability.

(63) Another example method (i.e., “method 2”) for assigning bundle ID to the endpoints only assigns the identifier during S1 Setup and S1 signaling bundle addition procedure, and mapping between SCTP association and the signaling bundle ID is done first when the S1AP signal is transmitted through the SCTP. In this example method, the identifiers may be assigned according to the scheme shown in FIG. 12. Table 3 shows how such identifiers may be used in the current message structure.

(64) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 S1 SETUP REQUEST with S1 signaling Connection IDs. IE/Group IE type and Assigned Name Presence Range reference Semantics Criticality Criticality Message Type M 9.2.1.1 YES reject Global eNB ID M 9.2.1.37 YES reject eNB Name O PrintableString(SIZE YES ignore (1 . . . 150, . . .)) Supported TAs 1 . . . Supported TAs in GLOBAL reject <maxnoofTACs> the eNB. >TAC M 9.2.3.7 Broadcast TAC. — >Broadcast PLMNs 1 . . . Broadcast PLMNs. — <maxnoofBPLMNs> >>PLMN M 9.2.3.8 Identity Default Paging M 9.2.1.16 YES ignore DRX CSG Id List 0 . . . 1 GLOBAL reject >CSG Id 1 . . . 9.2.1.62 <maxnoofCSGIds> S1 Configuration O Enumerated(0 . . . 127) Identifier for ID the S1 signaling configuration S1 Bundle List O 0 . . . 1 List of signaling bundles forming the S1 signaling connection >S1 Signaling 1 . . . Bundles <maxnoofS1SignalingBundles> >> S1 Signaling M Enumerated(0 . . . 255) Identifier for each Bundle ID signaling bundle forming the S1 signaling connection between eNB and MME. The X leftmost bits consist of the S1 Configuration ID IE

(65) In this example, the S1 SETUP REQUEST eNB will provide S1 Signaling Bundle ID for all the SCTP associations which will be mapped to the S1AP connection. In the S1 SETUP RESPONSE the MME may reply by adding an optional flag with value “supported” or “not supported” that specifies whether the received new IDs in the S1 SETUP REQUEST are supported and correctly received. If the flag is set to “not supported” or it is missing, the MME has no support for sub bundling of the S1 signaling connection and the eNB should fold back to legacy S1 connection configuration, namely to a scheme where the S1 signaling connection is mapped to only one SCTP connection.

(66) As part of this example embodiment, an S1 Signaling Bundle ID may be added to each S1 signaling message or to some of them. When a S1AP message is transmitted through any of the related SCTP association after S1 Setup procedure has been executed, this S1 Signaling Bundle ID will be used in order to identify the signaling bundle to which the message belongs, and which bundle ID this SCTP association is mapped to the S1AP. As part of the embodiment some or all S1 signaling messages may include also the S1 configuration ID, to identify the S1 signaling context to which the messages belong, and to which S1AP the message carrying SCTP association belongs.

(67) In an alternative embodiment of the proposed solution, the S1 Signaling Bundle IDs may be omitted and only the S1 Configuration ID may be used, after the initial UE associated procedure has been executed. This example embodiment assumes that the UE-associated signaling for a UE is sent all within the same SCTP connection. The embodiment provides that the MME UE S1AP ID and eNB UE S1AP ID included in each UE associated S1 signaling message may identify the association between the UE associated signaling and the SCTP connection used by such signaling.

(68) These example embodiments may also be applied to the X2 interface. For the X2 interface, the S1 Configuration ID and S1 Signaling Bundle ID may be named X2 Configuration ID and X2 Signaling Bundle ID, while the UE IDs that may be used in replacement for the X2 Signaling Bundle ID are the MME UE X2AP ID and eNB UE X2AP ID. The embodiments for the X2 interface foresee, as per the S1 interface, that the X2 interface signaling may be distributed over multiple SCTP connections.

1.3 Adding, (Gracefully) Deleting, and Handling of Broken SCTP Association to Existing S1AP

1.3.1 Adding SCTP Association

(69) In case of method 1 for assigning S1 Signaling Bundle ID to the endpoints, the adding procedure applies when S1AP wants to add a new SCTP association. An example on sequence diagram for addition is shown in FIG. 14 (i.e., add SCTP association to existing S1AP for method 1).

(70) In step 1 of FIG. 14, in case MME wants to add a SCTP association to S1AP, it transmits a non UE-associated S1AP message “S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUIRED” to eNB. An optional parameter “Transport Network (TN) address” may be added in the message if MME wants eNB to establish SCTP in a specific MME interface.

(71) In steps 2-5 of FIG. 14, in case eNB wants to add a SCTP association to S1AP, or after receiving “S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUIRED” from MME, eNB will establish a new SCTP association towards MME according to current standard. The new SCTP association may be distinct from the existing SCTP associations by e.g., different eNB IP address, different eNB IP port, different MME IP address etc.

(72) In step 6 of FIG. 14, after the new SCTP association has been established between eNB and MME, eNB will map this SCTP association to the corresponding S1AP instance, assign a new identity “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” to the new SCTP association, and transmit a non UE-associated S1AP message S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUEST through this newly established SCTP association and on the stream dedicated for non UE-associated signaling. In this message, parameter “MME S1 Config ID” has been received from S1 SETUP procedure earlier and parameter “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is the new identity mentioned earlier in this step.

(73) In step 7 of FIG. 14, after S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUEST has been received, MME will map the SCTP association with the correct S1AP instance according to parameter “MME S1 Config ID”, store “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” to the S1AP instance for identifying this new SCTP association, assign a new identity “MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID” to the new SCTP association, and transmit a non UE-associated S1AP message S1 BUNDLE ADDITION CONFIRM through this newly established SCTP association and on the stream dedicated for non UE-associated signaling. In this message, parameter “eNB S1 Configuration ID” has been received from S1 SETUP procedure earlier, and parameter “MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is the new identity mentioned earlier in this step.

(74) After S1 BUNDLE ADDITION CONFIRM has been received, eNB will store “MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID” to the S1AP instance for identifying this new SCTP association. UE associated signaling may from now on be assigned to the streams in this new SCTP association.

(75) In case of method 2 for assigning S1 Signaling Bundle ID to the endpoints, the adding procedure applies when additional bundle ID is needed besides those bundle IDs which are defined during S1 SETUP procedure. FIG. 15 shows the sequence diagram when this addition is initiated by MME (i.e., add SCTP association to existing S1AP for method 2, MME initiated).

(76) In step 1 of FIG. 15, in case MME wants to add a SCTP association to S1AP, it transmits a non UE-associated S1AP message “S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUEST” to eNB. This message includes a list of S1 Signaling Bundle ID, which identifies the signaling bundle over the new SCTP associations to be established, an optional parameter “TN address” may be added for each element in the list if MME wants eNB to establish SCTP in a specific MME interface.

(77) In steps 2-5 of FIG. 15, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUEST” from MME, eNB will establish new SCTP associations towards MME according to current standard. The new SCTP association may be distinct from the existing SCTP associations by e.g., different eNB IP address, different eNB IP port, different MME IP address etc. The SCTP associations establishment may be executed in parallel with step 6 below.

(78) In step 6 of FIG. 15, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUEST” from MME, eNB will store the list of “S1 Signaling Bundle ID”s, and transmit a non UE-associated S1AP message S1 BUNDLE ADDITION CONFIRM.

(79) FIG. 16 shows the sequence diagram when this addition is initiated by eNB (i.e., add SCTP association to existing S1AP for method 2, eNB initiated).

(80) In steps 1-4 of FIG. 16, eNB establishes new SCTP associations towards MME according to current standard. The new SCTP association may be distinct from the existing SCTP associations by e.g., different eNB IP address, different eNB IP port, different MME IP address etc. The SCTP associations establishment may be executed in parallel with step 5 below.

(81) In step 5 of FIG. 16, in case eNB wants to add a SCTP association to S1AP, it may transmit a non UE-associated S1AP message “S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUEST” to MME. This message includes a list of S1 Signaling Bundle ID, which identifies the signaling bundle over the new SCTP associations to be established.

(82) In step 6 of FIG. 16, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE ADDITION REQUEST” from eNB, MME will store the list of “S1 Signaling Bundle ID”s, and transmit a non UE-associated S1AP message S1 BUNDLE ADDITION CONFIRM.

(83) For method 2 for assigning S1 Signaling Bundle ID to the endpoints, as part of this embodiment an S1 Signaling Bundle ID may be added to each S1 signaling message or to some of them. When a S1AP message is transmitted through any of the related SCTP association after S1 Setup procedure has been executed, this S1 Signaling Bundle ID will be used in order to identify the signaling bundle to which the message belongs, and which bundle ID this SCTP association is mapped to the S1AP. As part of the embodiment some or all S1 signaling messages may include also the S1 configuration ID, to identify the S1 signaling context to which the messages belong, and which S1AP the message carrying SCTP association belongs to.

(84) For all examples for mapping of S1 signaling, and all methods for assigning S1 Signaling Bundle ID to the endpoints, the procedure above allows to add SCTP connections for the purpose of redistributing S1AP signaling traffic. The procedure may also be applied to the X2 interface.

1.3.2 (Gracefully) Deleting SCTP Association

(85) In case of method 1 for assigning S1 Signaling Bundle ID to the endpoints, an example sequence diagram for graceful deletion of existing SCTP association which is carrying non UE-associated signaling from S1AP is shown in FIG. 17 (graceful deletion of SCTP association carrying non-UE associated signaling from S1AP for method 1).

(86) In step 1 of FIG. 17, in case MME wants to delete an existing SCTP association from S1AP, it transmits a non UE-associated S1AP message “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUIRED” to eNB. This message may either be transmitted through the SCTP association which should be deleted (not shown in the figure), or through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling (shown in the figure). In case of the latter case, an extra parameter “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is provided for pointing out which SCTP association should be deleted.

(87) In step 2 of FIG. 17, in case eNB wants to delete a SCTP association from S1AP, or after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUIRED” from MME, eNB will stop all outgoing non UE-associated signaling and all outgoing UE-associated signaling if applicable, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP association by informing the higher layer.

(88) In step 3 of FIG. 17, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from eNB, eNB will transmit “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” to MME. This message may either be transmitted through the SCTP association which should be deleted (not shown in the figure), or through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling (shown in the figure). In case of the latter case, an extra parameter “MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is needed for pointing out which SCTP association should be deleted.

(89) In step 4 of FIG. 17, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” from eNB, MME will stop all outgoing non UE-associated signaling and all outgoing UE-associated signaling if applicable, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP association by informing the higher layer.

(90) In step 5 of FIG. 17, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from MME, MME will transmit “S1 BUNDLE DELETION CONFIRM” to eNB. This message may either be transmitted through the SCTP association which should be deleted (not shown in the figure), or through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling (shown in the figure). In case of the latter case, an extra parameter “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is needed for pointing out which SCTP association should be deleted.

(91) In steps 6-8 of FIG. 17, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETE CONFIRM” from MME, eNB will initiate SCTP closure of the SCTP association according to current standard. As all non UE-associated and eventually UE-associated connections have been stopped for the SCTP association, S1AP packet delivery can be guaranteed.

(92) In step 9 of FIG. 17, after receiving SHUTDOWN-ACK from the deleting SCTP association, eNB will transmit message S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST to MME through one of the remaining SCTP association which eNB assigns it for non UE associated signaling.

(93) In step 10 of FIG. 17, after receiving S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST, MME maps the non UE associated signaling to the SCTP association where the message come from, and transmit S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM through the same SCTP association.

(94) In step 11 of FIG. 17, after transmitting S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM, MME informs higher layer that non UE-associated signaling may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(95) In step 12 of FIG. 17, after receiving S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM, eNB informs higher layer that non UE-associated signaling may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(96) An example sequence diagram for graceful deletion of existing SCTP association which is carrying UE-associated signaling from S1AP for method 1 is shown in FIG. 18 (graceful deletion of SCTP association carrying UE associated signaling from S1AP for method 1).

(97) In step 1 of FIG. 18, In case MME wants to delete an existing SCTP association from S1AP, it transmits a non UE-associated S1AP message “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUIRED” to eNB. This message may either be transmitted through the SCTP association which should be deleted (not shown in the figure), or through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling (shown in the figure). In case of the latter case, an extra parameter “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is provided for pointing out which SCTP association should be deleted.

(98) In step 2 of FIG. 18, in case eNB wants to delete a SCTP association from S1AP, or after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUIRED” from MME, eNB will stop all outgoing UE-associated signaling and all outgoing non UE-associated signaling if applicable, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP association by informing the higher layer.

(99) In step 3 of FIG. 18, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from eNB, eNB transmits “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” to MME. This message may either be transmitted through the SCTP association which should be deleted (not shown in the figure), or through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling (shown in the figure). In case of the latter case, an extra parameter “MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is provided for pointing out which SCTP association should be deleted.

(100) In step 4 of FIG. 18, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” from eNB, MME stops all outgoing UE-associated signaling and all outgoing non UE-associated signaling if applicable, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP association by informing the higher layer.

(101) In step 5 of FIG. 18, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from MME, MME transmits “S1 BUNDLE DELETION CONFIRM” to eNB. This message may either be transmitted through the SCTP association which should be deleted (not shown in the figure), or through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling (shown in the figure). In case of the latter case, an extra parameter “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” is provided for pointing out which SCTP association should be deleted.

(102) In steps 6-8 of FIG. 18, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETE CONFIRM” from MME, eNB initiates SCTP closure of the SCTP association according to current standard. As all non UE-associated and eventually UE-associated connections have been stopped for the SCTP association, S1AP packet delivery can be guaranteed.

(103) In step 9 of FIG. 18, after receiving SHUTDOWN-ACK from the deleting SCTP association, and if there are any S1AP UE associated signaling was assigned to the deleted SCTP association, eNB maps the UE association to the remaining SCTP associations, and transmits message S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST to MME with the new mapping. This signal is transmitted with one of the follow alternatives: a) (As shown in the figure) Through SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling, in this case this message is a non UE-associated signal. Parameter consisting of mapping between eNB UE S1AP ID/MME UE S1AP ID and MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID is provided for each UE association. This signal may be sent per UE association, or for all UE associations which need re-establishment. b) (Not shown in the figure) Through SCTP association where the UE associated signaling will be re-established as a non UE-associated signal. Parameter consisting of a list of eNB UE S1AP ID/MME UE S1AP ID is provided. c) (Not shown in the figure) Through SCTP association where the UE associated signaling will be re-established as a UE-associated signal. Parameter consisting of eNB UE S1AP ID/MME UE S1AP ID is provided.

(104) In step 10 of FIG. 18, after receiving S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST, MME maps the corresponding UE association to the new SCTP association, and transmits S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM with the same alternative according to previous step.

(105) In step 11 of FIG. 18, MME informs higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(106) In step 12 of FIG. 18, after receiving S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM, eNB informs higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(107) In case of method 2 for assigning S1 Signaling Bundle ID to the endpoints, an example on sequence diagram for graceful deletion of existing SCTP association initiated by MME is shown in FIG. 19 (graceful deletion of SCTP association from S1AP initiated by MME for method 2).

(108) In step 1 of FIG. 19, in case MME wants to delete one or several SCTP association from S1AP, MME stops all outgoing UE-associated signaling and all outgoing non UE-associated signaling, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP associations by informing the higher layer.

(109) In step 2 of FIG. 19, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from MME, MME transmits “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” to eNB through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling with parameter consists of a list of “S1 Signaling Bundle ID” pointing out which SCTP associations should be deleted. MME will also start MME S1 Bundle deletion timer (2a)

(110) In step 3 of FIG. 19, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” from MME, eNB stops all outgoing UE-associated signaling and all outgoing non UE-associated signaling, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP associations by informing the higher layer. eNB also starts eNB S1 Bundle deletion timer (3a).

(111) In steps 4-6 of FIG. 19, after stopping all related S1AP signaling, eNB initiates SCTP closure of the SCTP association according to current standard. As all non UE-associated and eventually UE-associated connections have been stopped for the SCTP association, S1AP packet delivery can be guaranteed. When eNB receives SHUTDOWN-ACK it stops the eNB S1 Bundle deletion timer, and when MME receives SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE it stops the MME S1 Bundle deletion timer.

(112) An example on sequence diagram for graceful deletion of existing SCTP association from S1AP initiated by eNB for method 2 is shown in FIG. 20 (graceful deletion of SCTP association from S1AP initiated by eNB for method 2).

(113) In step 1 of FIG. 20, in case eNB wants to delete one or several SCTP association from S1AP, eNB stops all outgoing UE-associated signaling and all outgoing non UE-associated signaling, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP associations by informing the higher layer.

(114) In step 2 of FIG. 20, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from eNB, eNB transmits “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” to MME through the SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling with parameter consists of a list of “S1 Signaling Bundle ID” pointing out which SCTP associations should be deleted. eNB will also start eNB S1 Bundle deletion timer (2a).

(115) In step 3 of FIG. 20, after receiving “S1 BUNDLE DELETION REQUEST” from eNB, MME stops all outgoing UE-associated signaling and all outgoing non UE-associated signaling, which are assigned to the deleting SCTP associations by informing the higher layer. MME also starts MME S1 Bundle deletion timer (3a).

(116) In steps 4-6 of FIG. 20, after stopping all related S1AP signaling, MME initiates SCTP closure of the SCTP association according to current standard. As all non UE-associated and eventually UE-associated connections have been stopped for the SCTP association, S1AP packet delivery can be guaranteed. When MME receives SHUTDOWN-ACK it stops the MME S1 Bundle deletion timer, and when eNB receives SHUTDOWN-COMPLETE it stops the eNB S1 Bundle deletion timer.

(117) In case of method 2 for assigning S1 Signaling Bundle ID to the endpoints, mapping to new SCTP connections of procedures for which the SCTP connection has been removed is achieved by simply triggering such procedures and adding to the procedures messages the S1 Connection Bundle ID, and optionally, the S1 Configuration ID. This mechanism allows the receiving node to understand that signaling for the affected procedure shall be mapped to the SCTP connection corresponding to the S1 Connection Bundle ID flagged. Also, the receiver may deduce that mapping of non-UE associated signaling procedures to a specific SCTP connection, or mapping of UE associated signaling for a specific UE to a given SCTP connection, by analyzing the S1 Connection Bundle ID of the first signaling message received (of the UE associated or non UE associated nature) and based on the analysis, may assume that remaining signaling will be sent over the identified SCTP connection.

1.3.3 Handling of Broken SCTP Association

(118) An example of a sequence diagram for handling of broken SCTP association where non UE-associated signaling is not assigned is shown in FIG. 21 (broken SCTP association handling to existing S1AP). FIG. 21 shows an example modification of existing RESET and RESET ACKNOWLEDGE, by adding “MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID”, “eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” parameters to the messages. In an alternative example modification, of existing RESET, the parameters S1 Connection Bundle ID and optionally the S1 Context ID (not shown in the figure) are added to the messages.

(119) In case of an endpoint which detects the SCTP association is broken, this endpoint should transmit RESET with parameter “<xx> S1 Signaling Bundle ID” to the destination endpoint, where <xx> is the name of the destination endpoint (shown in the figure). Alternatively, the endpoint may transmit RESET with parameter S1 Connection Bundle ID and optionally the S1 Context ID (not shown in the figure).

(120) After receiving RESET, the destination endpoint shall reply with RESET ACKNOWLEDGE with parameter “<yy> S1 Signaling Bundle ID”, where <yy> is the name of the originating endpoint (shown in the figure). Alternatively, the endpoint should transmit RESET with parameter S1 Connection Bundle ID and optionally the S1 Context ID (not shown in the figure).

(121) All of the UE associations mapped to the broken SCTP association shall be reset and handled as the current standard.

(122) If the broken SCTP association is assigned for non UE-associated signaling, the entire S1AP shall be reset according to current standard.

2 Moving S1AP Signaling Connection Between SCTP Associations

(123) The above-described solutions allow for establishing multiple SCTP associations on S1AP. Once multiple SCTP associations have been established, S1AP signaling connections can be moved between SCTP associations.

(124) In a first example embodiment, eNB is always used as the initiating endpoint, and explicitly provides the destination SCTP association identity (S1 connection bundle ID) during the moving procedure.

(125) In a second example embodiment, both eNB and MME may be used as the initiating endpoint, and implicitly provides the destination identity during the moving procedure.

(126) Examples of methods for moving non-UE associated signaling and UE-associated signaling are described separately below.

2.1 Moving UE-Associated Signaling Between SCTP Associations, Successful Case, First Embodiment

(127) A sequence diagram on how multiple UE-associated signaling connections are successfully moved between SCTP associations is shown in FIG. 22 (move multiple UE-associated signaling connections between SCTP associations, first embodiment, successful case).

(128) In step 1 of FIG. 22, in case MME wants to move existing UE-associated signaling connections to another SCTP association, it may transmit an UE-associated S1AP message “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUIRED” to eNB, with a list of “MME UE S1AP ID”, “eNB UE S1AP ID” as parameter for identifying the UE-associated signaling connections, for each element in the list, optional “eNB S1 connection bundle ID” may be added for identifying which SCTP association each individual UE-associated signaling connection is moving to.

(129) In step 2 of FIG. 22, in case eNB wants to move existing UE-associated signaling connections to another SCTP association, or after receiving “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUIRED” from MME, eNB stops all outgoing signaling from each UE-associated signaling connection by informing the higher layer. It is possible that the eNB may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission, buffered on SCTP layer or below, before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(130) In step 3 of FIG. 22, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from eNB, for each individual UE-associated signaling connection, eNB transmits a UE-associated signal “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” to MME. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from eNB transmitted on the old SCTP association for the specific UE-associated signaling connection identified by eNB S1AP ID and MME S1AP ID, before move. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the destination before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(131) In step 4 of FIG. 22, after receiving “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” from eNB, MME stops all outgoing signaling from each UE-associated signaling connections by informing the higher layer. It is possible that the MME may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission, buffered on SCTP layer or below, before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(132) In step 5 of FIG. 22, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from MME, for each individual UE-associated signaling connection, MME transmits UE-associated signal “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” to eNB. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from MME transmitted on the old SCTP association for the specific UE-associated signaling connection identified by eNB S1AP ID and MME S1AP ID, before move. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the destination before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(133) In step 6 of FIG. 22, after receiving S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM over the old SCTP association from all the involving UE-associated signaling connections, eNB maps each UE-associated signaling connection to a new SCTP association either decided by eNB or by MME via parameter “eNB S1 connection bundle ID” from step 1 if applicable, and transmit message S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST to MME with the new mapping. This signal has a role of “start marker” and may be transmitted with one of the follow alternatives: a) Transmits as non UE-associated signal(s) through the default SCTP association assigned for non UE-associated signaling. Mapping between eNB UE S1AP ID/MME UE S1AP ID and MME S1 Signaling Bundle ID is needed for each UE-associated signaling connection. This signal may be sent per UE-associated signaling, or for all UE-associated signalings which need re-establishment. b) Transmits as non UE-associated signal(s) through each SCTP associations where the UE associated signaling connections will be re-established. This signal may be sent per UE-associated signaling, or for all UE-associated signalings which need re-establishment Parameter of the signal(s) consists of (a list of) eNB UE S1AP ID/MME UE S1AP ID and S1 Signaling bundle ID. c) Transmits as an UE-associated signal for each UE-associated signaling connection through the SCTP association where the UE associated signaling connection will be re-established. Parameter consists of eNB UE S1AP ID/MME UE S1AP ID.
For purposes of example, FIG. 22 shows alternative (a) of step 6, while alternatives (b) and (c) are not shown in the figure. However, alternative (b) or (c) could be used in other embodiments.

(134) In step 7 of FIG. 22, after receiving S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST, MME maps the corresponding UE-associated signaling connections to the new SCTP association, and transmit S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM with the same alternative according to previous step.

(135) In step 8 of FIG. 22, MME informs higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling connections may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(136) In step 9 of FIG. 22, after receiving S1 UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM, eNB informs higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling connections may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

2.2 Successful Case, Second Embodiment

(137) Sequence diagrams on how a single UE-associated signaling connection is successfully moved between SCTP associations are shown in FIG. 23 (eNB initiated) and FIG. 24 (MME initiated). That is, FIG. 23 illustrates moving a single UE-associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (second embodiment, successful case, eNB initiated), and FIG. 24 illustrates moving a single UE-associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (second embodiment, successful case, MME initiated).

(138) The below description is valid for both the eNB-initiated case (FIG. 23) and MME-initiated case (FIG. 24).

(139) In step 1, if the originating node wants to move an existing UE-associated signaling connection to another SCTP association, it stops all outgoing signaling from the UE-associated signaling connection by informing the higher layer. It is possible that the originating node may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission, buffered on SCTP layer or below, before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(140) In step 2, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from the originating node, it transmits a UE-associated signal “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” through the old SCTP association to the destination node. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from the originating node transmitted on the old SCTP association for the specific UE-associated signaling connection identified by eNB S1AP ID and MME S1AP ID, before move. This stop marker also provides new “S1 connection bundle ID” informing to which SCTP association this connection shall be moved to. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the destination node before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(141) In step 3, after receiving “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” from the originating node, the destination node stops all outgoing signaling from the UE-associated signaling connections by informing the higher layer. It is possible that the destination node may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission, buffered on SCTP layer or below, before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(142) In step 4, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from destination node, it transmits UE-associated signal “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” through the old SCTP association to the originating node. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from MME transmitted on the old SCTP association for the specific UE-associated signaling connection identified by eNB S1AP ID and MME S1AP ID, before move. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the originating node before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(143) In step 5, after receiving S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM, the originating node will inform higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling connection may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association. The first UE-associated message over the new SCTP connection has a role of “start marker” for the S1AP signaling connection.

(144) In step 5a, in case there is no immediate UE-associated message from higher layer, the originating node transmits S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE COMPLETE, with parameters eNB S1AP ID and MME S1AP ID, through the new SCTP association as the “start marker” (5a).

(145) In step 6, after receiving a first UE-associated message or S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE COMPLETE from the new SCTP association, the destination node informs higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling connections may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(146) An alternative procedure for decreasing the delay of moving is:

(147) For the destination node, after transmitting UE-associated signal “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” through the old SCTP association (step 4), it will directly inform higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling connection may be resumed (step 6), and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(148) For the originating node, after transmitting UE-associated signal “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” through the old SCTP association to the destination node (step 2), if the originating node receives new messages from the destination node through the new SCTP association, it will not forward these new messages to higher layer until “S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” is received from the old SCTP association (step 4). Also in this procedure eventual transmission of (step 5a) S1 UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE COMPLETE is omitted.

2.3 Error Case, all Embodiments

(149) FIG. 25 shows an example of error case that can be used for both of the above-described embodiments. In particular, FIG. 25 illustrates moving a single UE-associated signaling between SCTP associations (failure case). Steps 1-3 are the same as discussed above with respect to the successful case (step 1 is omitted in the case of embodiment 2). In step 4, if error occurs for some reason, e.g. invalid MME S1 connection bundle ID, MME will transmit “S1 UE ASSOCIATED MOVE REJECT” to eNB, informing that the move is aborted. In step 5, after receiving “S1 UE ASSOCIATED MOVE REJECT”, eNB will inform higher layer that the corresponding UE-associated signaling may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will continue through the original SCTP association.

2.4 Moving Non UE-Associated Signaling Between SCTP Associations, Successful Case, First Embodiment

(150) A sequence diagram on how non UE-associated signaling is successfully moved between SCTP associations is shown in FIG. 26 (moving non UE-associated signaling between SCTP associations, successful case, first embodiment).

(151) In step 1 of FIG. 26, in case MME wants to move the non UE-associated signaling to another SCTP association, it transmits a non UE-associated S1AP message “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUIRED” to eNB, with parameter “new eNB S1 Signaling Bundle ID” identifies the SCTP association the non UE-associated signaling is moving to.

(152) In step 2 of FIG. 26, in case eNB wants to move the non UE-associated signaling to another SCTP association, or after receiving “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUIRED” from MME, eNB stops all outgoing signaling from the non UE-associated signaling connection by informing the higher layer. It is possible that the eNB may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission, buffered on SCTP layer or below, before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(153) In step 3 of FIG. 26, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from eNB, eNB transmits a non UE-associated signal “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” to MME. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from eNB transmitted on the old SCTP association before move. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the destination before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(154) In step 4 of FIG. 26, after receiving “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” from eNB, MME stops all outgoing signaling from the non UE-associated signaling connection by informing the higher layer. It is however possible that the MME may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(155) In step 5 of FIG. 26, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from MME, MME transmits non UE-associated signal “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” to eNB. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from MME transmitted on the old SCTP association before move. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the destination before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(156) In step 6 of FIG. 26, after receiving S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM over the old SCTP association, eNB maps the non UE-associated signaling connection to a new SCTP association either decided by eNB or by MME via parameter “eNB S1 connection bundle ID” from step 1 if applicable, and transmit message S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST to MME through the new SCTP association. This signal has a role of “start marker” for the non UE-associated signaling connection.

(157) In step 7 of FIG. 26, after receiving S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH REQUEST, MME maps the non UE-associated signaling connection to the new SCTP association, and transmits S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM through the new SCTP association.

(158) In step 8 of FIG. 26, MME informs higher layer that the non UE-associated signaling connection may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(159) In step 9 of FIG. 26, after receiving S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED RE-ESTABLISH CONFIRM, eNB informs higher layer that the non UE-associated signaling connection may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

2.5 Successful Case, Second Embodiment

(160) Sequence diagrams on how the non UE-associated signaling connection is successfully moved between SCTP associations are shown in FIG. 27 (eNB initiated) and FIG. 28 (MME initiated). That is, FIG. 27 illustrates moving a non UE-associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (second embodiment, successful case, eNB initiated). FIG. 28 illustrates moving a non UE-associated signaling connection between SCTP associations (second embodiment, successful case, MME initiated).

(161) The below description is valid for both eNB initiated case and MME initiated case.

(162) In step 1, if the originating node wants to move the non UE-associated signaling connection to another SCTP association, it stops all outgoing signaling from the non UE-associated signaling connection by informing the higher layer. It is possible that the originating node may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission, buffered on SCTP layer or below, before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(163) In step 2, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from the originating node, it transmits a non UE-associated signal “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” through the old SCTP association to the destination node. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from the originating node transmitted on the old SCTP association for the non UE-associated signaling connection before move. This stop marker also provides new “S1 connection bundle ID” informing to which SCTP association this connection shall be moved to. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the destination node before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(164) In step 3, after receiving “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” from the originating node, the destination node stops all outgoing signaling from the non UE-associated signaling connections by informing the higher layer. It is possible that the destination node may deliver S1AP messages that were pending transmission, buffered on SCTP layer or below, before the decision to move the signaling connection to a different SCTP instance was taken.

(165) In step 4, after all related outgoing signaling has been stopped from destination node, it transmits non UE-associated signal “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” through the old SCTP association to the originating node. This message has the role of a “stop marker”, indicates the last message from MME transmitted on the old SCTP association for the non UE-associated signaling connection before move. As this “stop marker” signal is transmitted after all pending S1AP messages, this “stop marker” message will be the last message received by the originating node before the outgoing messages is stopped for the signaling connection.

(166) In step 5, After receiving S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM, the originating node informs higher layer that the non UE-associated signaling connection may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association. The first non UE-associated message over the new SCTP connection has a role of “start marker” for the S1AP signaling connection.

(167) In step 5a, in case there is no immediate non UE-associated message from higher layer, the originating node transmits S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE COMPLETE through the new SCTP association as the “start marker.”

(168) In step 6, after receiving a first non UE-associated message or S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE COMPLETE from the new SCTP association, the destination node informs higher layer that the non UE-associated signaling connections may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association

(169) An alternative procedure for decreasing the delay of moving is:

(170) For the destination node, after transmitting non UE-associated signal “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” through the old SCTP association (step 4), it directly informs higher layer that the non UE-associated signaling connection may be resumed (step 6), and all the outgoing signals will be directed to the new SCTP association.

(171) For the originating node, after transmitting non UE-associated signal “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REQUEST” through the old SCTP association to the destination node (step 2), if it receives new messages from the destination node through the new SCTP association, it will not forward these new messages to higher layer until “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE CONFIRM” is received from the old SCTP association (step 4). Also, eventual transmission of S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE COMPLETE (step 5a) is omitted.

2.6 Error Case, all Embodiments

(172) FIG. 29 illustrates an example of an error case for both of the above-discussed embodiments. That is, FIG. 29 illustrates an example of moving non UE-associated signaling between SCTP associations (failure case). Steps 1-3 are the same as the successful case described above (step 1 is omitted in the case of embodiment 2). In step 4, if error occurs due to some reason, e.g. invalid MME S1 connection bundle ID, MME transmits “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REJECT” to eNB, informing that the move is aborted. In step 4, after receiving “S1 NON UE-ASSOCIATED MOVE REJECT”, eNB informs higher layer that the non UE-associated signaling may be resumed, and all the outgoing signals will continue through the original SCTP association.

3 Additional Examples

(173) The solutions described above may be implemented in any suitable manner. FIGS. 30-39 provide additional examples.

(174) FIG. 30 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for establishing multiple SCTP associations per S1AP connection, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure.

(175) At step 3004 the method establishes a first SCTP association for an S1AP connection between a first network node and a second network node, at step 3008 the method connects the S1AP connection between the first network node and the second network node, and at step 3012 the method establishes a second SCTP association for the S1AP connection between the first network node and the second network node. Examples of adding an SCTP association are described above with respect to FIGS. 14-16. Examples of identifiers that can be used for the SCTP associations are described above with respect to FIG. 13 and Tables 1-3. For simplicity, FIG. 30 provides an example in which two SCTP associations are established for the S1AP connection. However, in other embodiments, more than two SCTP associations can be established (e.g., 3, 4, 5, N associations). In certain embodiments, connecting the S1AP connection in step 3008 can be performed according to procedures set forth in existing or future evolutions of 3GPP LTE or 5G.

(176) Optionally, the method may include steps for moving traffic among SCTP associations. For example, at step 3016, the method determines to move some or all traffic from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association. The determination to move the traffic may be for the purposes of load balancing, hardware maintenance, hardware expansion, network slicing, or other reason.

(177) At step 3020, the method moves the traffic from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association. The traffic can include UE associated and/or non-UE associated S1AP control signaling. Examples of methods for moving traffic are discussed above with respect to FIGS. 22-29.

(178) At step 3024, the method optionally deletes the first SCTP association. As an example, all of the traffic may be moved from the first SCTP association in order to perform maintenance on hardware used by the first SCTP association. After the traffic has been moved, the first SCTP association can be deleted. Examples of methods for deleting an SCTP association are discussed above with respect to FIGS. 17-20. In other embodiments, the method need not delete the first SCTP association, for example, of some of the traffic stays on the first SCTP association for load-balancing or network slicing purposes.

(179) FIG. 31 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for associating UE-associated signaling streams and non-UE associated signaling streams with SCTP associations, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. At step 3104, the method dedicates the first SCTP association to one or more user equipment (UE) associated signaling streams, each UE associated signaling stream associated with a respective UE. At step 3108, the method dedicates the second SCTP association to a non-UE associated signaling stream. FIG. 12, discussed above, illustrates an example in which the SCTP association depicted at the top of the S1AP signaling connection has been dedicated to non-UE associated signaling and the SCTP association depicted at the bottom of the S1AP connection has been dedicated to UE-associated signaling.

(180) FIG. 32 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for associating UE-associated signaling streams and non-UE associated signaling streams with SCTP associations, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. At step 3204, the method associates a first set of one or more user equipment (UE) associated signaling streams with the first SCTP association and a second set of one or more UE associated signaling streams with the second SCTP association. Each UE associated signaling stream is associated with a respective UE. At step 3208, the method associates a first non-UE associated signaling stream with the first SCTP association and a second non-UE associated signaling stream with the second SCTP association. An example of such associations is illustrated in FIG. 11, discussed above.

(181) FIG. 33 is a signal diagram illustrating an example of a method for moving traffic between SCTP associations, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. The messages shown in FIG. 33 may be exchanged between network node A and network node B. The network nodes are given the non-limiting designations “A” and “B” for the purposes of explaining communications between the nodes. Thus, network node A may perform the functionality of a first network node and network node B may perform the functionality of a second network node, or vice versa. In certain embodiments, network node A may be an eNB and network node B may be an MME, or vice versa. FIGS. 22-24 and 26-28, discussed above, provide additional details of certain embodiments of the method for moving traffic between SCTP associations shown in FIG. 33.

(182) At step 3304, network node A and network node B communicate S1AP messages via a first SCTP association. At step 3308, network node A stops all outgoing S1AP messages on the first SCTP association. For example, network node A may stop all outgoing S1AP messages in response to a determination to move traffic to a second SCTP association (see e.g., step 3016 of FIG. 30). All outgoing S1AP messages on the first SCTP association may refer to messages for a multiple UE-associated signaling connections (see e.g., FIG. 22), a single UE-associated signaling connection (see e.g., FIGS. 23-24), or a non-UE associated signaling connection (see e.g., FIGS. 26-28). Network node A may generate a first stop marker to identify the last message being transmitted by network node A on the first SCTP association.

(183) At step 3312, network node A sends network node B a request to move from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association. The request comprises the first stop marker indicating the last message being transmitted by network node A on the first SCTP association.

(184) At step 3316, in response to receiving the request to move from the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association in step 3312, network node B stops all outgoing S1AP messages on the first SCTP association. Network node B may generate a second stop marker to identify the last message being transmitted by network node B on the first SCTP association.

(185) At step 3320, network node B sends to network node A a confirmation to move the first SCTP association to the second SCTP association. The confirmation comprises the second stop marker indicating the last message being transmitted by network node B on the first SCTP association.

(186) In response to receiving the confirmation from network node B, network node A sends network node B an indication that the move to the second SCTP association is complete. The indication may optionally be sent explicitly (e.g., by sending a completion message, step 3324) or implicitly (e.g., by sending network node B S1AP messages occurring after the first stop marker via the second SCTP association, step 3328). After moving from the first to the second SCTP association, network nodes A and B may send outgoing S1AP messages and receive incoming S1AP messages via the second SCTP association (step 3328).

(187) FIG. 34 is a flow chart illustrating an example of a method for identifying an SCTP association, in accordance with certain embodiments of the present disclosure. At step 3404, the method determines a plurality of identifiers associated with the first SCTP association and at step one or more of the identifiers. For example, the identifiers may be used to establish, delete, or move a signaling stream, or to establish, delete, or reset the first SCTP association. Examples of identifiers that can be exchanged include one or more of: a first configuration identifier that a first network node (e.g., network node A) associates with an S1AP connection, a second configuration identifier that a second network node (e.g., network node B) associates with the S1AP connection, a first bundle identifier that the first network node associates with a first SCTP association (or with a signaling stream of the first SCTP association), and a second bundle identifier that the second network node associates with the first SCTP association (or with a signaling stream of the first SCTP association). Further details of the identifiers are discussed above, e.g., with respect to FIG. 13 and Tables 1-3. Example messaging using the identifiers is shown in FIGS. 14-29.

(188) FIG. 35 illustrates an example of a wireless device 110, and FIGS. 36-37 illustrate examples of network nodes, e.g., radio access node 120 and core network node 130, respectively, which may be suitably operative in accordance with certain embodiments. As discussed above, examples of the radio access nodes 120 include an access point, a radio access point, a base station, a base station controller, an eNodeB (eNB), a Home eNB (HeNB), a HeNB Gateway (HeNB GW). A radio access node 120 may comprise any entity capable of at least receiving or transmitting radio signals within a radio network and/or cell/sector, or both. As discussed above, examples of core network node 130 include a Mobile Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (S-GW), or other device that supports establishing and controlling one or more SCTP-S1AP connections between a radio access node and an evolved packet core node, either directly or indirectly, and interacting with radio access nodes to carry out embodiments of the proposed solution(s) described herein. A core network node 130 may comprise any entity capable of communicating and establishing connections with a radio access.

(189) In general, wireless device 110 and network nodes (e.g., 120 and 130) may each comprise one or more interfaces (such as one or more transceivers that facilitate transmitting and receiving wireless signals and/or one or more network interfaces for wireline communication), processing circuitry (which may include one or more processors that execute instructions to provide some or all of the functionality described as being provided by the particular node), and memory that stores instructions executed by the processing circuitry. For example, FIG. 35 illustrates wireless device 110 as comprising transceiver 112, processing circuitry 114a-n, and memory 116a-n. FIG. 36 illustrates a network node (radio access node 120) as comprising transceiver 122, processing circuitry 124a-n, memory 126a-n, and network interface(s) 128a-n. FIG. 37 illustrates a network node (core network node 130) as comprising network interface(s) 132a-n, processing circuitry 134a-n, and memory 136a-n.

(190) Processing circuitry (e.g., 114, 124, 134) may comprise one or more processors. A processor may comprise any suitable combination of hardware and software implemented in one or more modules to execute instructions and manipulate data to perform some or all of the described functions of the respective node. For example, processing circuitry 124 and/or 134 of network nodes 120 and/or 130 may be configured to perform some or all of the methods described with respect to FIGS. 14-34. In some embodiments, the processor may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microprocessors, one or more applications, processing circuitry, and/or other logic.

(191) Memory (e.g., 116, 126, 136) is generally operable to store instructions, such as a computer program, software, an application comprising one or more of logic, rules, algorithms, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by a processor. Examples of memory include computer memory (for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory computer-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information.

(192) In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable medium comprises machine-readable computer instructions. The machine-readable computer instructions are executed by a processor, which causes the network node (e.g., node 120 or 130) to support, for example, multiple SCTP associations per S1AP connection. In certain embodiments, the machine-readable computer instructions executed by the processor further cause the network node (e.g., node 120 or 130) to perform the methods described herein for moving a S1AP signaling connection between SCTP associations.

(193) Embodiments of a network node 120 include multiple network interfaces 128a-n for multiple SCTP associations per S1AP connection. Similarly, embodiments of network node 130 include multiple network interfaces 132a-n for multiple SCTP associations per S1AP connection.

(194) Embodiments of the nodes may include additional components beyond those shown in FIGS. 35-37 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the network node's functionality, including any of the functionality described herein and/or any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the solution described herein). The various different types of network nodes may include components having the same physical hardware but configured (e.g., via programming) to support different functionality, or may represent partly or entirely different physical components.

(195) FIG. 38 provides examples of modules of a wireless device 110. In certain embodiments, wireless device 110 may include any one or more of: determining module 3810, communication module 3820, receiving module 3830, input module 3840, display module 3850, and/or other suitable modules. The functionality of the modules may be integrated in a single component or separated among several components in any suitable manner. In certain embodiments, one or more of the modules may be implemented using one or more processing circuitry 114 described with respect to FIG. 35.

(196) Determining module 3810 may perform the processing functions of wireless device 110 (including any of the UE functionality to support the above-described embodiments). Determining module 3810 may include or be included in one or more processors, such as processing circuitry 114 described above in relation to FIG. 35. Determining module 3810 may include analog and/or digital circuitry configured to perform any of the functions of determining module 3810 and/or processing circuitry 114 described above. The functions of determining module 3810 described above may, in certain embodiments, be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(197) Communication module 3820 may perform the transmission functions of wireless device 110. As one example, communication module 3820 may communicate signals to network node 120. Communication module 3820 may include a transmitter and/or a transceiver, such as transceiver 112 described above in relation to FIG. 35. Communication module 3820 may include circuitry configured to wirelessly transmit messages and/or signals. In particular embodiments, communication module 3820 may receive messages and/or signals for transmission from determining module 3810. In certain embodiments, the functions of communication module 3820 described above may be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(198) Receiving module 3830 may perform the receiving functions of wireless device 110. For example, receiving module 3830 may receive signals from network node 120. Receiving module 3830 may include a receiver and/or a transceiver, such as transceiver 112 described above in relation to FIG. 35. Receiving module 3830 may include circuitry configured to wirelessly receive messages and/or signals. In particular embodiments, receiving module 3830 may communicate received messages and/or signals to determining module 3810. The functions of receiving module 3830 described above may, in certain embodiments, be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(199) Input module 3840 may receive user input intended for wireless device 110. For example, the input module may receive key presses, button presses, touches, swipes, audio signals, video signals, and/or any other appropriate signals. The input module may include one or more keys, buttons, levers, switches, touchscreens, microphones, and/or cameras. The input module may communicate received signals to determining module 3810. The functions of input module 3840 described above may, in certain embodiments, be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(200) Display module 3850 may present signals on a display of wireless device 110. Display module 3850 may include the display and/or any appropriate circuitry and hardware configured to present signals on the display. Display module 3850 may receive signals to present on the display from determining module 3810. The functions of display module 3810 described above may, in certain embodiments, be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(201) Determining module 3810, communication module 3820, receiving module 3830, input module 3840, and display module 3850 may include any suitable configuration of hardware and/or software. Wireless device 110 may include additional modules beyond those shown in FIG. 38 that may be responsible for providing any suitable functionality, including any of the functionality described above and/or any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the various solutions described herein).

(202) FIG. 39 provides examples of modules of a network node, such as a radio access node 120 (e.g., eNB, gNB, etc.) or a core network node 130 (e.g., MME, S-GW, etc.). In certain embodiments, the network node may include any one or more of: determining module 3910, communication module 3920, receiving module 3930, and/or other suitable modules. The functionality of the modules may be integrated in a single component or separated among several components in any suitable manner. In certain embodiments, one or more of the modules may be implemented using one or more processing circuitry (e.g., 124 or 134) described with respect to FIGS. 36-37.

(203) Determining module 3910 may perform the processing functions of the network node (including any of the eNB or MME functionality to support the above-described embodiments). Examples of processing functions that may be performed by determining module 3910 include determining to add/establish, delete, or reset an SCTP association for an S1AP connection or determining to add/establish, delete, or move an SCTP signaling stream. Determining module 3910 may make further determinations to support the preceding functionality, such as determining identifiers associated with the SCTP association. Determining module 3910 may include or be included in one or more processors, such as processing circuitry (e.g., 124 or 134) described above in relation to FIGS. 36-37. Determining module 3910 may include analog and/or digital circuitry configured to perform any of the functions of determining module 3910 and/or processing circuitry (e.g., 124 or 134) described above. The functions of determining module 3910 described above may, in certain embodiments, be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(204) Communication module 3920 may perform the sending functions of a network node (e.g., 120 or 130). As one example, communication module 3920 may communicate signals to another network node, such as signals comprising any of the messages shown in one or more of FIGS. 14-29 and 33. Communication module 3920 may include any suitable interface for communicating signals, such as a network interface (e.g., 128 or 132) for wired communication and/or a transceiver (e.g., 122) for wireless communication, as described above in relation to FIGS. 36-37. Communication module 3920 may include circuitry configured to transmit messages and/or signals. In particular embodiments, communication module 3920 may receive messages and/or signals for transmission from determining module 3910. In certain embodiments, the functions of communication module 3920 described above may be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(205) Receiving module 3930 may perform the receiving functions of the network node (e.g., 120 or 130). For example, receiving module 3930 may receive signals from another network node, such as signals comprising any of the messages shown in one or more of FIGS. 14-29 and 33. Receiving module 3930 may include any suitable interface for receiving signals, such as a network interface (e.g., 128 or 132) for wired communication and/or a transceiver (e.g., 122) for wireless communication, as described above in relation to FIGS. 36-37. In particular embodiments, receiving module 3930 may communicate received messages and/or signals to determining module 3910. The functions of receiving module 3930 described above may, in certain embodiments, be performed in one or more distinct modules.

(206) Determining module 3910, communication module 3920, and receiving module 3930 may include any suitable configuration of hardware and/or software. The network node (e.g., 120 or 130) may include additional modules beyond those shown in FIG. 39 that may be responsible for providing any suitable functionality, including any of the functionality described above and/or any additional functionality (including any functionality necessary to support the various solutions described herein).

(207) An advantage of certain embodiments is that they eliminate resetting of all UEs associated to S1AP in case of re-establishment of S1AP transport layer (SCTP), for example, during hardware maintenance/expansion, as the SCTP association may now be disconnected and reconnected to S1AP without removal of existing S1AP configuration data. An additional advantage is that certain embodiments increase S1AP robustness in the case of software failure (SW_failure). That is, the number of affected UEs will be decreased when a SCTP instance fails. A further advantage of certain embodiments is that they allow for S1AP signaling load distribution by spreading signaling load over multiple SCTP connections eventually served by different processors. Another advantage of certain embodiments is that they increase flexibility of load distribution capability in an S1AP with multiple SCTP associations, where a single S1AP signaling connection may be freely moved between SCTP association without causing any disturbance on the interface in terms of in-order delivery, lost message, or reset of any SCTP association. Certain embodiments may have all, some, or none of these advantages. Other advantages may be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art.

(208) Modifications and other variants of the described embodiment(s) will come to mind to one skilled in the art having the benefit of the teachings presented in the foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it is to be understood that the embodiment(s) is/are not to be limited to the specific examples disclosed and that modifications and other variants are intended to be included within the scope of this disclosure. Although specific terms may be employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

(209) Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the above embodiments and other methods disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The methods may include more, fewer, or other steps. Additionally, steps may be performed in any suitable order. In certain embodiments, the methods disclosed herein may be implemented using a computer program product. The computer program product comprises a non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied in the medium, the computer readable program code comprising computer readable program code to perform the steps of the methods.

(210) Modifications, additions, or omissions may be made to the systems and apparatuses disclosed herein without departing from the scope of the invention. The components of the systems and apparatuses may be integrated or separated. Moreover, the operations of the systems and apparatuses may be performed by more, fewer, or other components. Additionally, operations of the systems and apparatuses may be performed using any suitable logic comprising software, hardware, and/or other logic.

(211) Although this disclosure has been described in terms of certain embodiments, alterations and permutations of the embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The embodiments described herein may be combined with each other in any way. Although some embodiments have been described with reference to certain radio access technologies, any suitable radio access technology (RAT) may be used, such as 5G, long term evolution (LTE) (FDD or TDD), LTE-Advanced, UTRA, UMTS, HSPA, GSM, cdma2000, WiMax, and WiFi. Moreover, various embodiments may support single-RAT or multi-RAT configurations. Accordingly, the above description of the embodiments does not constrain this disclosure. Other changes, substitutions, and alterations are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.