MULTIFUNCTIONAL SURFACTANT AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a polymerizable surfactant with reducibility and a preparation method thereof. The acid anhydride is reacted with a long-chain fatty alcohol to obtain an intermediate of an anhydride monoester, and then the obtained intermediate is reacted with the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohalogenated alkane, and a polymerizable surfactant with reducibility is obtained by post-processing. The polymerizable surfactant can not only play a role as a reactive emulsifier and copolymerize with monomers to obtain a soap-free emulsion, but also form a redox initiation system with peroxide, and conduct redox emulsion polymerization at room temperature. The soap-free emulsion synthesized by the polymerizable surfactant synthesized can greatly reduce the energy consumption in production, and can carry out one-step emulsion polymerization at normal temperature or low temperature to obtain an environment-friendly emulsion with a branched structure, thereby obtaining coatings with excellent water resistance, weather resistance, and impact resistance.

Claims

1. (canceled)

2. A method for preparing a polymerizable surfactant with reducibility, wherein a general structural formula of the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility is represented as: ##STR00002## wherein a lonq-chain alkyl R.sub.1 is —C.sub.12H.sub.25 or —C.sub.14H.sub.29, and a lonq-chain alkyl R.sub.2 is —C.sub.2H.sub.4— or —C.sub.3H.sub.6—: the method comprising: performing a reaction based on an anhydride long-chain fatty alcohol, and hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane; and obtaining the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility through a post-treatment performed on a reaction solution obtained based on the reaction.

3. (canceled)

4. The method of claim 2, wherein an amount-of-substance ratio of the anhydride and the long chain fatty alcohol is 1:1 to 1.1.

5. (canceled)

6. (canceled)

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the anhydride is itaconic anhydride.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the long-chain fatty alcohol is dodecanol or tetradecanol.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane is 2-dimethylaminochloroethane hydrochloride, 3-(N, N-dimethyl) amino-1-chloropropane hydrochloride, or 3-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-chloropropane hydrochloride.

10. The method of claim 2, wherein performing the reaction based on the anhydride, the long-chain fatty alcohol, and the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane includes: obtaining an intermediate of anhydride monoester by reacting the anhydride with the long-chain fatty alcohol; and obtaining the reaction solution by reacting the obtained intermediate with the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein an amount-of-substance ratio of the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane and the intermediate of anhydride monoester is 1 to 1.1:1.

12. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining the intermediate of anhydride monoester by reacting the anhydride with the long-chain fatty alcohol includes: mixing the anhydride and the long-chain fatty alcohol; heating the mixture of the anhydride and the long-chain fatty alcohol to a molten state; adding heptane to the molten mixture to form a solution; cooling the solution to obtain a precipitate; and obtaining the intermediate of anhydride monoester by recrystallization, filtration, washing, and freeze drying with respect to the precipitate.

13. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining the reaction solution by reacting the obtained intermediate with the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane includes: dissolving the intermediate of anhydride monoester in chloroform; adding an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and 18-crown-6 to the intermediate anhydride monoester chloroform solution; and obtaining the reaction solution by adding an aqueous solution of the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane to the intermediate anhydride monoester chloroform solution for reaction.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein an amount-of-substance ratio of the potassium carbonate, the 18-crown-6, and the intermediate of anhydride monoester is 2:0.1:1.

15. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining the intermediate of anhydride monoester by reacting the anhydride with the long-chain fatty alcohol includes: mixing the anhydride and the long-chain fatty alcohol; heating the mixture of the anhydride and the long-chain fatty alcohol to a molten state at 80° C.; stirring the molten mixture for 1 h; adding heptane to the molten mixture; stirring the molten mixture to form a uniform solution; stirring and cooling the solution to room temperature; placing the solution for 3 h; stirring and cooling the solution to 15° C.; placing the solution for 2 h; collecting a precipitate; recrystallizing the precipitate with heptane for 2-3 times; obtaining a solid by filtration; washing the solid with water for 2-3 times; and obtaining the intermediate of anhydride monoester by freeze drying.

16. The method of claim 10, wherein obtaining the reaction solution by reacting the obtained intermediate with the hydrochloride of dimethylaminohaloalkane includes: dissolving the intermediate of anhydride monoester in chloroform; adding an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate and 18-crown-6 drop by drop to the intermediate anhydride monoester chloroform solution at room temperature; stirring the chloroform solution at 50-60° C. for 0.4 h; and obtaining the reaction solution by adding an aqueous solution of the hydrochloric of dimethylaminohaloalkane drop by drop to the intermediate anhydride monoester chloroform solution for reaction at 50° C. for 15-20 h.

17. The method of claim 2, wherein obtaining the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility through the post-treatment performed on the reaction solution obtained based on the reaction includes: cooling the reaction solution to room temperature; separating each layer of the reaction solution; adding separated chloroform solution to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying; passing the chloroform solution through an alkaline alumina column; removing the chloroform; and performing vacuum dry, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility.

18. The method of claim 2, wherein obtaining the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility through the post-treatment performed on the reaction solution obtained based on the reaction includes: cooling the reaction solution to room temperature; separating each layer of the reaction solution; adding separated chloroform solution to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying overnight; passing the chloroform solution through an alkaline alumina column; removing the chloroform at 30-40° C. with a rotary evaporator; performing vacuum dry overnight at 30° C. with a vacuum of 2-3 kpa, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] FIG. 1 is an exemplary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image of 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl maleate dodecyl ester in embodiment 1;

[0020] FIG. 2 is an exemplary NMR image of itaconic acid 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl dodecyl; and

[0021] FIG. 3 is an exemplary molecular weight distribution curve of a branched polymer obtained in the embodiment 7.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The present disclosure uses the following examples to further explain the technical characteristics of the present disclosure, but the protection scope of the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.

Embodiment 1

[0023] (1) Preparation of an intermediate. 4.90 g (0.05 mol) maleic anhydride and 10.25 g (0.055 mol) lauryl alcohol were stirred at 80° C. for 1 h at the molten state. 15 ml heptane was added to the molten mixture. The molten mixture was stirred to form a uniform solution. The solution was placed at room temperature for 3 h with stirring, and placed at 15° C. for 2 h with stirring. A precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized with heptane for 2-3 times. A solid was obtained by filtration. The solid was washed with water for 2-3 times. The intermediate of anhydride monoester was obtained by freeze drying overnight. The yield may reach 92.8%. [0024] (2) Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility. 11.36 g (0.04 mol) monododecyl maleate was dissolved in 100 ml chloroform. A water solution of 11.06 g (0.08 mol) potassium carbonate and 1.05 g (0.004 mol) 18-crown-6 was added dropwise to the chloroform solution at room temperature, and the mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 0.4 h. A water solution of 5.76 g (0.04 mol) 2-dimethylamino chloroethane hydrochloride (Aladdin, CAS: 4584-46-7) was added dropwise to the above water-chloroform solution, for reaction at 50° C. for 20 h. [0025] (3)The post-treatment. The reaction solution obtained in the operation (2) was cooled to the room temperature. Each layer of the reaction solution was separated and the separated chloroform solution was added to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying overnight. The chloroform solution passed through an alkaline alumina column. The chloroform was removed at 30-40° C. with a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry was performed overnight at 30° C. with a vacuum of 2-3 kpa, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility. [0026] (4) NMR analysis of the product. A small amount of the product was used for NMR analysis, and the solvent is deuterated chloroform. The peak at the chemical shift δ=6.26 indicates two H atoms on the double bond, the two triple peaks at the chemical shift δ=4.29 and the chemical shift δ=4.15 respectively indicate —CH.sub.2— connected to the ester bond, δ=2.60 indicates —CH.sub.2— connected to N, δ=2.29 indicates two —CH.sub.3 connected to N, δ=1.2-1.7 indicates —CH.sub.2— on the long alkyl group, δ=0.88 indicates —CH.sub.3 on the end of the long alkyl group. FIG. 1 is an exemplary nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) image of 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl maleate dodecyl ester in embodiment 1.

Embodiment 2

[0027] (1) Preparation of an intermediate. 5.61 g (0.05 mol) itaconic anhydride and 9.32 g (0.05 mol) lauryl alcohol were stirred at 80° C. for 1 h at the molten state. 15 ml heptane was added to the molten mixture. The molten mixture was stirred to form a uniform solution. The solution was placed for 3 h at room temperature with stirring, and placed for 2 h at 15° C. with stirring. A precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized with heptane for 2-3 times. A solid was obtained by filtration. The solid was washed with water for 2-3 times. The intermediate monoester was obtained by freeze drying overnight. The yield may reach 93.5%. [0028] (2) Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility. 11.92 g (0.04 mol) itaconic acid monododecyl ester was dissolved in 100 ml chloroform. A water solution of 11.06 g (0.08 mol) potassium carbonate and 1.05 g (0.004 mol) 18-crown-6 was added dropwise to the chloroform solution at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 0.4 h. A water solution of 5.76 g (0.04 mol) 2-dimethylamino chloroethane hydrochloride (Aladdin, CAS: 4584-46-7) was added dropwise to the above water-chloroform solution, for reaction at 50° C. for 20 h. [0029] (3)The post-treatment. The reaction solution obtained in the operation (2) was cooled to the room temperature. Each layer of the reaction solution was separated. The separated chloroform solution was added to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying overnight. The chloroform solution passed through an alkaline alumina column. The chloroform was removed at 30-40° C. with a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry was performed overnight at 30° C. with a vacuum of 2-3 kpa, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility. [0030] (4) NMR analysis of the product. A small amount of the product was used for NMR analysis, and the solvent is deuterated chloroform. The peaks at the chemical shift δ=6.34 and the chemical shift δ=5.72 indicates two H atoms on the double bond, δ=3.34 indicates —CH.sub.2— connected to the carbonyl group, two triple peaks at the chemical shift δ=4.27 and the chemical shift δ=4.08 indicate —CH.sub.2-connected to the ester bond. δ=2.60 indicates —CH.sub.2— connected to N, δ=2.29 indicates —CH.sub.3 connected to N, δ=1.2-1.7 indicates —CH.sub.2— on the long-chain alkyl, δ=0.88 indicates —CH.sub.3 on the end of the long alkyl group. FIG. 2 is an exemplary NMR image of itaconic acid 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl dodecyl.

Embodiment 3

[0031] (1) Preparation of an intermediate. 4.90 g (0.05 mol) maleic anhydride and 11.79 g (0.055 mol) tetradecanol were stirred at 80° C. for 1 h at the molten state. 15 ml heptane was added to the molten mixture. The molten mixture was stirred to form a uniform solution. The solution was placed for 3 h at room temperature with stirring, and placed for 2 h at 15° C. with stirring. A precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized with heptane for 2-3 times. A solid was obtained by filtration. The solid was washed with water for 2-3 times. The intermediate monoester was obtained by freeze drying overhight. The yield may reach 91.5%. [0032] (2) Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility. 12.48 g (0.04 mol) monotetradecyl maleate was dissolved in 100 ml chloroform. A water solution of 11.06 g (0.08 mol) potassium carbonate and 1.05 g (0.004 mol) 18-crown-6 was added dropwise to the chloroform solution at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 0.4 h. A water solution of 5.76 g (0.04 mol) 2-dimethylamino chloroethane hydrochloride (Aladdin, CAS: 4584-46-7) was added dropwise to the above water-chloroform solution, for reaction at 50° C. for 20 h. [0033] (3)The post-treatment. The reaction solution obtained in the operation (2) was cooled to the room temperature. Each layer of the reaction solution was separated. The separated chloroform solution was added to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying overnight. The chloroform solution passed through an alkaline alumina column. The chloroform was removed at 30-40° C. with a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry was performed overnight at 30° C. with a vacuum of 2-3 kpa, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility.

Embodiment 4

[0034] (1) Preparation of an intermediate. 5.61 g (0.05 mol) itaconic anhydride and 10.72 g (0.05 mol) tetradecanol were stirred at 80° C. for 1 h at the molten state. 15 ml heptane was added to the molten mixture. The molten mixture was stirred to form a uniform solution. The solution was placed for 3 h at room temperature with stirring, and placed for 2 h at 15° C. with stirring. A precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized with heptane for 2-3 times. A solid was obtained by filtration. The solid was washed with water for 2-3 times. The intermediate monoester was obtained by freeze drying overnight. The yield may reach 92.5%. [0035] (2) Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility: 13.04 g (0.04 mol) itaconic acid monotetradecyl ester was dissolved in 100 ml chloroform. A water solution of 11.06 g (0.08 mol) potassium carbonate and 1.05 g (0.004 mol) 18-crown-6 was added dropwise to the chloroform solution at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 50° C. for 0.4 h. A water solution of 5.76 g (0.04 mol) 2-dimethylamino chloroethane hydrochloride (Aladdin, CAS: 4584-46-7) was added dropwise to the above water-chloroform solution, for reaction at 50° C. for 20 h. [0036] (3)The post-treatment. The reaction solution obtained in the operation (2) was cooled to the room temperature. Each layer of the reaction solution was separated. The separated chloroform solution was added to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying overnight. The chloroform solution passed through an alkaline alumina column. The chloroform was removed at 30-40° C. with a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry was performed overnight at 30° C. with a vacuum of 2-3 kpa, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility.

Embodiment 5

[0037] (1) Preparation of an intermediate. 4.90 g (0.05 mol) maleic anhydride and 0.25 g (0.055 mol) lauryl alcohol were stirred at 80° C. for 1 h at the molten state. 15 ml heptane was added to the molten mixture. The molten mixture was stirred to form a uniform solution. The solution was placed for 3 h at room temperature with stirring, and placed for 2 h at 15° C. with stirring. A precipitate was collectedThe precipitate was recrystallized with heptane for 2-3 times. A solid was obtained by filtration. The solid was washed with water for 2-3 times. The intermediate monoester was obtained by freeze drying overnight. The yield may reach 91.3%. [0038] (2) Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility. 11.36 g (0.04 mol) monododecyl maleate was dissolved in 100 ml chloroform. A water solution of 11.06 g (0.08 mol) potassium carbonate and 1.05 g (0.004 mol) 18-crown-6 was added dropwise to the chloroform solution at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 0.4 h. A water solution of 6.32 g (0.04 mol) 3-(N, N-dimethyl) amino-1-chloropropane hydrochloride (Aladdin, CAS: 5407-04-5) was added dropwise to the above water-chloroform solution, for reaction at 50° C. for 20 h. [0039] (3)The post-treatment. The reaction solution obtained in the operation (2) was cooled to the room temperature. Each layer of the reaction solution was separated. The separated chloroform solution was added to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying overnight. The chloroform solution passed through an alkaline alumina column. The chloroform was removed at 30-40° C. with a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry was performed overnight at 30° C. with a vacuum of 2-3 kpa, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility.

Embodiment 6

[0040] (1) Preparation of an intermediate. 4.90 g (0.05 mol) maleic anhydride and 10.25 g (0.055 mol) lauryl alcohol were stirred at 80° C. for 1 h at the molten state. 15 ml heptane was added to the molten mixture. The molten mixture was stirred to form a uniform solution. The solution was placed for 3 h at room temperature with stirring, and placed for 2 h at 15° C. with stirring. A precipitate was collected. The precipitate was recrystallized with heptane for 2-3 times. A solid was obtained by filtration. The solid was washed with water for 2-3 times. The intermediate monoester was obtained by freeze drying overnight. The yield may reach 92.8%. [0041] (2) Preparation of the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility. 11.36 g (0.04 mol) monododecyl maleate was dissolved in 100 ml chloroform. A water solution of 11.06 g (0.08 mol) potassium carbonate and 1.05 g (0.004 mol) 18-crown-6 was added dropwise to the chloroform solution. The mixture was stirred at 60° C. for 0.4 h. A water solution of 6.88 g (0.04 mol) 3-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-chloropropane hydrochloride (Aladdin, CAS: 4261-67-0) was added dropwise to the above water-chloroform solution, for reaction at 50° C. for 20 h. [0042] (3)The post-treatment. The reaction solution obtained in the operation (2) was cooled to the room temperature. Each layer of the reaction solution was separated. The separated chloroform solution was added to anhydrous sodium sulfate for drying overnight. The chloroform solution passed through an alkaline alumina column. The chloroform was removed at 30-40° C. with a rotary evaporator. Vacuum dry was performed overnight at 30° C. with a vacuum of 2-3 kpa, wherein a resulting product is the polymerizable surfactant with reducibility.

Embodiment 7

[0043] Styrene (5.01 g, 0.0480 mol) was added to a reaction bottle including 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl maleate lauryl ester (0.3550 g, 0.0010 mol), sodium bicarbonate (0.15 g, 3 wt % styrene), potassium sulfate (0.1344 g, 0.0005 mol), and water (20.07 g, 400 wt % styrene). The solution was stirred evenly. After vacuuming and deoxygenating, the solution was placed at 25° C. for 8 hours to obtain a stable emulsion. The conversion rate of the styrene was 91.07%. The polymer was analyzed by triple-detection gel permeation chromatography and the results were as follows: M n.SEC=418000 g/mol, M w.SEC=2560000 g/mol, PDI=6.1.Mark-Houwink,α=0.6756, an average branching factor g′=0.66. The molecular weight distribution curve of the obtained polymer is in FIG. 3.

Embodiment 8

[0044] Styrene (5.0005 g, 0.0480 mol) was added to a reaction bottle including itaconic acid 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl dodecyl (0.3552 g, 0.0010 mol), sodium bicarbonate (0.15 g, 3 wt % styrene), potassium sulfate (0.1340 g, 0.0005 mol), and water (20.07 g, 400 wt % styrene). The solution was stirred evenly. After vacuuming and deoxygenating, the solution was placed at 25° C. for 8 hours to obtain a stable emulsion. The conversion rate of the styrene was 98.05%. The polymer was analyzed by triple-detection gel permeation chromatography and the results were as follows: M n.SEC=263000 g/mol, M w.SEC=2970000 g/mol, PDI=11.3.Mark-Houwink, α=0.5992, an average branching factor g′=0.52.

Embodiment 9

[0045] Styrene (5.00 g, 0.0480 mol) was added to a reaction bottle including 3-(dimethylamino)propyl maleate lauryl ester (0.3555 g, 0.0010 mol), sodium bicarbonate (0.15 g, 3 wt % styrene), potassium sulfate (0.2619 g, 0.0010 mol), and water (20.07 g, 400 wt % styrene). The solution was stirred evenly. After vacuuming and deoxygenating, the solution was placed at 25° C. for 8 hours to obtain a stable emulsion. The conversion rate of the styrene was 90.25%. The polymer was analyzed by triple-detection gel permeation chromatography and the results were as follows: M n.SEC=530000 g/mol, M w.SEC=6520000 g/mol, PDI=12.3.Mark-Houwink, α=0.889, an average branching factor g′=0.50.

Comparative Example 1

[0046] Styrene (5.0006 g, 0.0480 mol) and N,N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (0.1510 g, 0.0010 mol) was added to a reaction bottle including sodium bicarbonate (0.1500 g, 3 wt % styrene), potassium persulfate (0.2596 g, 0.0010 mol), and water (20.0020 g, 400 wt % styrene). The solution was stirred evenly. After vacuuming and deoxygenating, the solution was placed at 25° C. There is no reaction in the system.