Method And Device For Pressure-Sensor Diagnosis In A Tank-Venting System Of A Motor Vehicle Operated By An Internal Combustion Engine

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for pressure sensor diagnosis in a tank venting system of a motor vehicle operated by an internal combustion engine, wherein the tank venting system comprises an activated carbon filter, a purge line arranged between the activated carbon filter and an intake tract of the motor vehicle, a tank venting valve arranged in the purge line and a pressure sensor arranged in the purge line, and wherein the method comprises the following steps: measuring a pressure prevailing in the purge line by means of the pressure sensor to determine a starting pressure, classifying the starting pressure into one of a plurality of pressure ranges depending on the amplitude of the starting pressure, carrying out a pressure sensor diagnosis using a diagnosis algorithm which is associated with the pressure range in which the starting pressure lies.

Claims

1. A method for pressure sensor diagnosis in a tank venting system of a motor vehicle operated by an internal combustion engine, wherein the tank venting system comprises an activated carbon filter, a purge line arranged between the activated carbon filter and an intake tract of the motor vehicle, a tank venting valve arranged in the purge line and a pressure sensor arranged in the purge line, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: measuring a pressure prevailing in the purge line by means of the pressure sensor (4) to determine a starting pressure, classifying the starting pressure into one of a plurality of pressure ranges (W; Z; Y; X) depending on the amplitude of the starting pressure, carrying out a pressure sensor diagnosis using a diagnosis algorithm which is associated with the pressure range in which the starting pressure lies.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the starting pressure is classified into one of a plurality of ranges including a positive pressure range (W), an ambient pressure range (Z) and a negative pressure range (X; Y).

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, the diagnosis algorithm associated with the positive pressure range (W) determines whether a pressure sensor offset fault or a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred.

4. The method as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the diagnosis algorithm associated with the positive pressure range (W) comprises the following steps: suspecting that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred, observing a minimum actuation of the tank venting valve (6) with an actuation value which is greater than a predetermined first threshold value, checking whether a pressure gradient generated across the tank venting valve (6) as a result of the minimum actuation is greater than a predetermined second threshold value, detecting that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred if the check reveals that the pressure gradient generated across the tank venting valve as a result of the minimum actuation is greater than the predetermined second threshold value. detecting that a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred if the check reveals that the pressure gradient generated across the tank venting valve as a result of the minimum actuation is not greater than the predetermined second threshold value.

5. The method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that, the diagnosis algorithm associated with the negative pressure range (X; Y) determines whether the pressure sensor (4) is operating faultlessly or has a pressure sensor offset fault or a sticking pressure sensor fault.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that it is determined whether the region (13) of the purge line which lies upstream of the pressure sensor (4) is blocked.

7. The method as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the diagnosis algorithm associated with the negative pressure range (X) contains the following steps: suspecting that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred, checking whether the pressure downstream of the tank venting valve (6) is different from the starting pressure, integrating the tank venting volume flow during an uninterrupted active tank venting valve actuation until the volume present in the purge line up to the activated carbon filter (3) is reached, checking whether the difference between the purge line pressure and the pressure downstream of the tank venting valve is less than a predetermined third threshold value, if this is the case, detecting that a functional pressure sensor is present, if this is not the case, checking whether the maximum value of the difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a predetermined fourth threshold value, if this is not the case, detecting that a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred, if this is the case, waiting until the tank venting valve is closed for a minimum adjustment time, checking whether the difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is less than a predetermined fifth threshold value, if this the case, detecting that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred, if this is not the case, detecting that a pressure sensor offset fault has not occurred.

8. The method as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the diagnosis algorithm associated with the ambient pressure range (Z) determines whether a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, when determining whether a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred, an analysis of one or more events which cause a pressure change in the purge line in the nominal system is performed.

10. The method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that, when determining whether a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred, it is checked whether the difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a predetermined sixth threshold value.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, if it is detected that the difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a predetermined sixth threshold value, it is detected that a sticking pressure sensor fault has not occurred.

12. The method as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, if it is detected that the difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is not greater than a predetermined sixth threshold value, it is detected that a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred.

13. A device for carrying out a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a control control unit (ECU) which is designed to control a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims.

Description

[0065] FIG. 1 shows a sketch of a device for pressure sensor diagnosis in a tank venting system of a motor vehicle operated by an internal combustion engine,

[0066] FIG. 2 shows a sketch of a subregion of FIG. 1 to illustrate a fault symptom A (purge line upstream of the pressure sensor is blocked),

[0067] FIG. 3 shows a sketch of a subregion of FIG. 1 to illustrate a fault symptom B (tank venting valve is jammed open),

[0068] FIG. 4 shows a sketch of a subregion of FIG. 1 to illustrate a fault symptom C (purge line between pressure sensor and tank venting valve is blocked/tank venting valve is jammed shut/purge line components downstream of the tank venting valve are blocked or open to the environment),

[0069] FIG. 5 shows a chart illustrating the categorization of the purge line pressure.

[0070] FIG. 6 shows a sketch illustrating the breakdown of the pressure sensor diagnosis into the diagnosis algorithms associated with the pressure ranges,

[0071] FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of the diagnosis algorithm associated with the pressure range W,

[0072] FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of the diagnosis algorithm associated with the pressure range X,

[0073] FIG. 9 shows a flow chart of the diagnosis algorithm associated with the pressure range Y,

[0074] FIG. 10 shows a flow chart illustrating further events which may be analyzed to detect a sticking pressure sensor fault, and

[0075] FIG. 11 shows a flow chart of the diagnosis algorithm associated with the pressure range Z.

[0076] To describe the invention, possible pressure signal states in the event that purge line faults have occurred are firstly discussed on the basis of the device shown in FIG. 1.

[0077] In the tank venting system illustrated in FIG. 1, the following fault states or symptoms can be seen, which affect the curve of the pressure sensor signal.

[0078] The purge line 13 is obstructed (symptom A) in the region upstream of the tank venting valve 6 which is denoted by the letter “A” in FIG. 2:

[0079] if the purge line 13 is blocked in the region A between the activated carbon filter 3 and the tank venting valve 6, then, after opening the tank venting valve 6, a pressure is generated at the pressure sensor 4 which corresponds to the pressure in the currently active purge line region downstream of the tank venting valve 6, i.e. the pressure in the full-load venting path 15 or the pressure in the low-pressure venting path 14. If the tank venting valve 6 is closed during or after the operation of the internal combustion engine, then the pressure remains at the most recent pressure level prevailing under the active tank venting valve actuation. The behavior described makes it impossible to distinguish a pressure sensor offset fault from an obstructed purge line upstream of the pressure sensor directly after starting the internal combustion engine with the tank venting valve 6 continuously closed. A pressure which is accidentally output constantly (sensor “sticking”) at the pressure level reached when performing the diagnosis to ascertain the functionality of the region A in FIG. 2 would furthermore lead to a misinterpretation.

[0080] The tank venting valve 6 jams in the open state, as indicated by the letter “B” in FIG. 3 (symptom B).

[0081] If the tank venting valve 6 is jammed open, a pressure gradient between the pressure at the pressure sensor 4 and the ambient pressure is already generated in the non-actuated state when the internal combustion engine is active. If the pressure sensor has a signal offset which is at the level of the pressure gradient in the case of the described fault (symptom B), then it is not possible to differentiate between the occurrence of a purge line fault and the occurrence of a pressure sensor fault. The same also applies to a pressure signal which is output constantly (sensor “sticking”) at the pressure level of the pressure gradient in the case of this fault (symptom B).

[0082] The purge line 18 upstream of the tank venting valve 6 is blocked. The tank venting valve 6 jams in the closed state. The components 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16 of the purge line system which are arranged downstream of the tank venting valve 6 are blocked or are open to the environment (symptom C), as indicated by the letter “C” in FIG. 4.

[0083] If a mass flow through the tank venting system cannot be realized due to this system fault, then a pressure gradient at the sensor 4 compared to the ambient pressure is not generated during active actuation of the tank venting valve 6. If a pressure signal which is close to the ambient pressure is emitted constantly (sensor “sticking”), it is again not possible to differentiate between the occurrence of a purge line fault and a pressure sensor fault.

[0084] The potential overlap of diagnosis results based on the system and pressure sensor states explained above shall be illustrated with reference to the following table 1.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Pressure sensor Sensor Sensor Stuck Offset Purge Symptom A X X line Symptom B Y Y Symptom C W/Z —

[0085] To solve the described overlap of diagnosis results and enable the genuinely faulty components in the tank venting system to be pinpointed accurately, a diagnosis sequence for ascertaining the functionality of the pressure sensor 4 is described below, in which the pressure measured by the pressure sensor 4 is categorized into different ranges W, X, Y, Z directly after the engine control unit is switched on, as illustrated in FIG. 5.

[0086] In this FIG. 5, the purge line pressure is plotted upwards and the time t is plotted to the right. The range W corresponds to a positive pressure range in which the purge line pressure is above an ambient pressure range Z. The range X corresponds to a negative pressure range in which the purge line pressure is below the ambient pressure range Z, wherein a further negative pressure range is located between the negative pressure range X and the ambient pressure range Z.

[0087] A diagnosis principle, via which the functionality of the pressure sensor 4 may be ascertained, is explained below with reference to FIGS. 6-11.

[0088] FIG. 6 shows that, after the engine control is switched on, a pressure sensor signal is measured in the purge line by the pressure sensor 4 and the measured purge line pressure is categorized based on this pressure sensor signal. During this categorization, the pressure sensor signal, which corresponds to the measured purge line pressure and is referred to below as the starting pressure, is associated with the relevant pressure range W, Z, Y or Z in each case and saved. The diagnosis then starts.

[0089] FIG. 7 shows a flow chart showing the diagnosis sequence when the starting pressure is in the positive pressure range W. The starting pressure is in the positive pressure range if, after subtracting the ambient pressure value, the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor is greater than a predetermined adjustable threshold:

p−p1>sw.

[0090] In this case, p is the measured pressure value, p1 is the ambient pressure value and sw is the predetermined threshold.

[0091] If the starting value is in the positive pressure range, then, directly after the engine control is switched on, it is suspected in step W1 that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred since a pressure signal cannot be greater than the ambient pressure, even with a blocked purge line upstream of the pressure sensor 4, since only negative pressures occur downstream of the tank venting valve 6 when the internal combustion engine is active. In the further course of the diagnosis, to distinguish between the occurrence of a pressure sensor offset fault and a sticking pressure sensor fault, step 2 waits for a minimum actuation of the tank venting valve 6 with a minimum required pressure gradient across the tank venting valve 6. It is checked here whether the actuation value of the tank venting valve and also the pressure gradient, i.e. the difference between the ambient pressure and the prevailing pressure (pressure in the low-pressure or high-pressure purge line) downstream of the tank venting valve, is greater than a predetermined threshold. In a further step W3, the pressure change (p0−p>sw) which occurs during the active minimum actuation of the tank venting valve is compared to a minimum threshold, with p corresponding to the measured pressure value and p0 to the starting value.

[0092] If the pressure change described above does not reach the minimum threshold, then the process continues to a step W4, in which the occurrence of a pressure sensor offset fault is registered. The process then continues to a step W6, with which the method is ended.

[0093] However, if the pressure change described above reaches the minimum threshold, then the process continues to a step W5, in which the occurrence of a sticking pressure sensor fault is registered. The process then continues to step W6, with which the method is ended.

[0094] FIG. 8 shows a flow chart showing the diagnosis sequence when the starting pressure is in the negative pressure range X. The starting pressure is in the negative pressure range if the difference between the ambient pressure and the pressure value measured by the pressure sensor is greater than a predetermined adjustable threshold:

[0095] If the starting value is in the negative pressure range X, then, directly after the engine control is switched on, it is suspected in step X1 that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred. The absolute starting pressure must therefore be lower than the minimum pressure that would be generated if the tank venting valve 6 were jammed open. The aim of this diagnosis is to distinguish a blocked purge line 13 upstream of the pressure sensor 4 from a sticking pressure sensor fault and a pressure sensor offset fault. To this end, the tank venting volume flow is firstly integrated during an uninterrupted active tank venting valve actuation until the volume present in the purge line up 13 to the activated carbon filter 3 is reached. The pressure downstream of the tank venting valve 6 must be different from the starting pressure here. The following conditions must apply:

|starting pressure−pressure downstream of the tank venting valve|>adjustable threshold.

[0096] Step X2 checks whether this condition is fulfilled. If this condition is not fulfilled, then the process returns to step X2. On the other hand, if this condition is fulfilled, then the process continues to a step X3.

[0097] This step X3 checks whether the volume flow integral is greater than a predetermined threshold.

Volume flow integral>threshold.

[0098] If this condition is not fulfilled, then the process returns to step X3. On the other hand, if this condition is fulfilled, then the process continues to a step X4.

[0099] This step X4 checks whether, after reaching the volume flow integral described above, the purge line pressure measured by the pressure sensor 4 is closer to the pressure downstream of the tank venting valve 6. To this end, the following enquiry is made:

|purge line pressure−pressure downstream of the tank venting valve|<threshold

[0100] If this enquiry reveals that the difference between the purge line pressure and the pressure downstream of the tank venting valve is lower than the said adjustable threshold, then it is concluded in a step X5 that a functional pressure sensor 4 is present and the diagnosis is ended with a satisfactory test result in a step X6.

[0101] If this is not the case, then it is necessary to analyze a minimum purge line pressure change when calculating the volume flow integral explained above. To this end, the process continues to a step X7, which checks whether the difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a threshold:

|purge line pressure−starting pressure|>threshold.

[0102] If the minimum purge line pressure change is not realized, then it is concluded in a step X8 that a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred. From step X8, the process continues to a step X9 in which it is detected that a pressure sensor offset fault has not occurred. In a following step X10, the method is ended.

[0103] On the other hand, if the said minimum purge line pressure change is reached, then it is detected in a step X11 that a sticking pressure sensor fault has not occurred and the process continues to a step X12.

[0104] This step X12 waits for the tank venting valve 6 to close for an adjustable minimum time to detect whether a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred. To this end, an enquiry is made in step X12 as to whether the closure time of the tank venting valve is longer than a predetermined threshold. If this is not the case, then the process returns to step X12. On the other hand, if this is the case, the process continues to a step X13.

[0105] This step X13 checks whether the generated purge line pressure corresponds to the starting pressure according to the following condition:

|purge line pressure—starting pressure|<adjustable threshold.

[0106] If this is not the case, then it is concluded in a step X15 that a pressure sensor offset fault has not occurred. The process then continues to step X10, with which the method is ended.

[0107] On the other hand, if this is the case, then it is detected in a step X14 that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred. The process then continues to step X10, with which the method is ended.

[0108] FIG. 9 shows a flow chart showing the diagnosis sequence when the starting pressure is in the negative pressure range Y. If the starting pressure is in this negative pressure range, which extends from the pressure generated in the case of symptom B (ambient pressure−sensor value<predetermined threshold) to the lower limit of the above-mentioned ambient pressure range Z, then the diagnosis sequence for the pressure range Y is started. Essentially, the execution logic for this diagnosis sequence for the pressure range Y is the same as that used for the pressure range X.

[0109] If the starting value is in the negative pressure range Y, then, directly after the engine control is switched on, it is suspected in a step Y1 that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred. Essentially, the execution logic for the diagnosis sequence for the pressure range Y is the same as that for the pressure range X.

[0110] To this end, the tank venting volume flow is firstly integrated during an uninterrupted active tank venting valve actuation until the volume present in the purge line 13 up to the activated carbon filter 3 is reached. The pressure downstream of the tank venting valve 6 must be different from the starting pressure here. The following conditions must apply:

|Starting pressure−pressure downstream of the tank venting valve|>threshold.

[0111] Step Y2 checks whether this condition is fulfilled. If this condition is not fulfilled, then the process returns to step Y2. On the other hand, if this condition is fulfilled, then the process continues to a step Y3.

[0112] This step Y3 checks whether the volume flow integral is greater than a predetermined threshold.

Volume flow integral>threshold.

[0113] If this condition is not fulfilled, then the process returns to step Y3. On the other hand, if this condition is fulfilled, then the process continues to a step Y4.

[0114] This step Y4 checks whether, after reaching the volume flow integral described above, the purge line pressure measured by the pressure sensor 4 is closer to the pressure downstream of the tank venting valve 6. To this end, the following enquiry is made:

|purge line pressure−pressure downstream of the tank venting valve|<threshold

[0115] If this enquiry reveals that the difference between the purge line pressure and the pressure downstream of the tank venting valve is lower than the said threshold, then it is concluded in a step Y5 that a functional pressure sensor 4 is present and the diagnosis is ended with a satisfactory test result in a step Y6.

[0116] If this is not the case, then it is necessary to analyze a minimum purge line pressure change when calculating the volume flow integral explained above. To this end, the process continues to a step Y7, which checks whether the difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a predetermined threshold:

|purge line pressure−starting pressure|>threshold.

[0117] If the minimum purge line pressure change is not realized, then it is concluded in a step Y8 that a stuck pressure sensor fault has occurred. From step Y8, the process continues to a step Y9 in which it is detected that a pressure sensor offset fault has not occurred. In a following step Y10, the method is ended.

[0118] On the other hand, if the said minimum purge line pressure change is reached, then it is detected in a step Y11 that a sticking pressure sensor fault has not occurred and the process continues to a step Y12. This steps Y12 waits for the tank venting valve 6 to close for an adjustable minimum time to detect whether a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred. To this end, an enquiry is made in step Y12 as to whether the closure time of the tank venting valve is longer than a predetermined threshold. If this is not the case, then the process returns to step Y12. On the other hand, if this is the case, then the process continues to a step Y13.

[0119] This step Y13 checks whether the generated purge-line pressure corresponds to the starting pressure according to the following condition:

|purge line pressure−starting pressure|<threshold.

[0120] If this is not the case, then it is concluded in a step Y15 that a pressure sensor offset fault has not occurred. The process then continues to step Y10, with which the method is ended.

[0121] On the other hand, if this is the case, then it is detected in a step Y14 that a pressure sensor offset fault has occurred. The process then continues to step Y10, with which the method is ended.

[0122] A difference from the method described in FIG. 8 exists in that, in the method described in FIG. 9, the pressure range Y does not contain a pressure level which would lead to a fault entry for a component or a line segment during a purge line diagnosis. It is thus possible to analyze or wait for further events which generate pressure changes in the nominal system before finally detecting if a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred. Examples of such events are illustrated in FIG. 10.

[0123] By way of example, if an enquiry reveals that the gradient of the driving speed is greater than a predetermined threshold, then the process continues to a further enquiry to check whether or not the maximum difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a predetermined threshold. If this is not the case, then it is concluded that a sticking pressure sensor fault has not occurred. On the other hand, if this is not the case, then it is concluded that a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred.

[0124] By way of example, if an enquiry reveals a change in the ambient pressure which is greater than a predetermined threshold, then the process continues to a further enquiry to check whether or not the maximum difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a predetermined threshold. If this is not the case, then it is concluded that a stuck pressure sensor fault has not occurred. On the other hand, if this is not the case, then it is concluded that a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred.

[0125] By way of example, if an enquiry reveals that refuelling has taken place, the process continues to a further enquiry to check whether or not the maximum difference between the purge line pressure and the starting pressure is greater than a predetermined threshold. If this is not the case, then it is concluded that a sticking pressure sensor fault has not occurred. On the other hand, if this is not the case, then it is concluded that a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred.

[0126] FIG. 11 shows a flow chart showing the diagnosis sequence when the starting pressure is in the ambient pressure range Z. This ambient range Z spans two adjustable pressure thresholds, below and above the currently measured ambient pressure in each case.

[0127] If the starting pressure is in the ambient range Z, then a satisfactory test result of the pressure sensor offset diagnosis may be concluded directly after the engine control is switched on. In addition, it is necessary to check whether the pressure sensor signal has frozen. This may take place by observing events which would cause a pressure change in the purge line in the nominal system. Examples of such events are illustrated in FIG. 11. The use of these or other events for checking whether or not a sticking pressure sensor fault has occurred can be selected as required or logically combined as required. This also applies to the events illustrated in FIG. 11.

[0128] The thresholds described in connection with FIGS. 7-11 are calibration thresholds, which must be adjustable to adapt the diagnosis function to the underlying system in each case (line lengths, line diameters etc.).

[0129] In a particular embodiment of the pressure sensor diagnosis, the current diagnostic statuses are synchronized between a purge line diagnosis and a pressure sensor diagnosis to enable optimum coordination of the diagnosis results and accurate pinpointing of faulty system components.

[0130] The diagnosis described with reference to the figures may be carried out without active interference in the tank venting function. This is advantageous in that the tank venting purge rate is increased during the driving cycle. The execution logic of the diagnosis furthermore ensures that it is possible to accurately differentiate between the occurrence of a pressure sensor fault and a fault of a line portion of a component arranged in the purge line. A further advantage is that, to carry out the described diagnosis, it is not necessary to interrupt competing diagnosis functions, for example a lambda probe diagnosis or a catalyst diagnosis. Impacts on driveability and emissions caused by actively reducing actuation profiles for the tank venting valve are eliminated. The pressure sensor diagnosis may also be made with a high concentration of the purge medium, since the conclusion of the pressure sensor diagnosis is already possible with a low actuation height of the tank venting valve 6 and the associated purge line pressure changes in the nominal system.