IMPROVED METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS FOR SURFACE TREATMENT

Abstract

An applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising a cellulosic substrate having anionic sites (e.g. paper, paper laminates, cardboard or a woven or non-woven plant fabric such as a wood pulp or cotton material); and an impregnated or coated composition, the impregnated composition comprising a bioactive cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect, for example, a biocidal effect, enhanced skin feel, enhanced skin health and fabric softening. The applicator may be in the form of a sheet wipe, with a single or multiple layers of cellulosic substrate. The applicator is preferably substantially dry. Also, an applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising at least two layers of cellulosic substrate having anionic sites; said layers being adhered to each other by an adhesive composition comprising a cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect. The adhesive composition may also comprise a water-soluble or water dispersible adhesive polymer. Also methods of preparing and using the applicator e.g. to disinfect skin or an inanimate surface.

Claims

1.-35. (canceled)

36. An applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising a cellulosic substrate having anionic sites; and an impregnated or coated composition, the impregnated composition comprising a bioactive cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect.

37. An applicator according to claim 36 wherein the desired effect is selected from one or more of a biocidal effect, enhanced skin feel, enhanced skin health and fabric softening.

38. An applicator according claim 36, which is substantially dry.

39. An applicator according to claim 36, wherein the cationic component is a cationic biocide.

40. An applicator according to claim 36, wherein the cationic component is selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound, or a skin compatible cationic selected from benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, alkylammonium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, octenidine hydrochloride, tallow quaternary compounds or silicone based quaternaries.

41. An applicator according to claim 36, wherein the cellulosic substrate is selected from the group consisting of paper, paper laminate, cardboard, a plant fabric or the like.

42. An applicator according to claim 36, wherein the cationic component immediately dissolves upon contact of the applicator with water.

43. An applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising at least two layers of cellulosic substrate having anionic sites; said layers being adhered to each other by an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition comprising a cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect.

44. An applicator according to claim 43 wherein the desired effect is selected from one or more of a biocidal effect, enhanced skin feel, enhanced skin health and fabric softening.

45. An applicator according claim 43, which is substantially dry.

46. An applicator according to claim 43, wherein the cationic component is a cationic biocide.

47. An applicator according to claim 43, wherein the cationic component is selected from the group consisting of a quaternary ammonium compound, or a skin compatible cationic selected from benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, alkylammonium chloride, chlorhexidine gluconate, octenidine hydrochloride, tallow quaternary compounds or silicone based quaternaries.

48. An applicator according to claim 43, wherein the adhesive composition also comprises a water-soluble or water dispersible adhesive polymer.

49. An applicator according to claim 48 wherein the water-soluble or water-dispersable adhesive polymer is selected from one or more of PVOH, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or copolymers of polyvinyl pyrrolidone with vinyl acetate, non-ionic polyvinyl acetate emulsions or vinyl ether/maleic anhydride copolymer.

50. An applicator according to claim 43 wherein each one of said at least two layers are the same.

51. An applicator according to claim 43 wherein each one of said at least two layers are different.

52. An applicator according to claim 43 comprising multiple layers of cellulosic substrate adhered to each other by an adhesive composition.

53. An applicator according to claim 43 wherein the cellulosic substrate is selected from the group paper, paper laminates, cardboard, plant fabrics or the like.

54. An applicator according to claim 43, wherein the cationic component immediately dissolves upon contact of the applicator with water.

55. A method of disinfecting an inanimate surface or a skin surface, the method comprising moistening the surface and then wiping it an applicator or moistening an applicator and then wiping the surface with the moistened paper or fabric whereby to apply a bioactive cationic species to the surface; wherein the applicator is an applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising a cellulosic substrate having anionic sites; and an impregnated or coated composition, the impregnated composition comprising a bioactive cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect, or, wherein the applicator is applicator for providing an active composition to a surface, the applicator comprising at least two layers of cellulosic substrate having anionic sites; said layers being adhered to each other by an adhesive composition, the adhesive composition comprising a cationic component in an amount sufficient in use to deactivate the anionic sites in the cellulosic substrate and to provide a desired effect.

Description

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

[0066] By way of example only various embodiments of the invention are herein described.

Example 1. Adhesive Composition

[0067] This example relates to a composition for use in bonding together two or more thicknesses or layers of cellulose paper (hereinafter referred to as “plys”). As explained above, the present invention can be either a single ply, 2 ply or more plys.

[0068] A solution composed of water into which is dissolved polyvinyl alcohol and a cationic quaternary biocide such as a benzalkonium or alkylonium chloride is prepared. This solution is then applied at a predetermined rate by transfer roller, by spraying, by doctor blade or any other appropriate means to a paper surface which can be stand alone or the first ply of a 2-ply paper structure. The second ply can then be brought into direct contact with the surface of the first ply onto which the cationic composition has been applied. The structure is then compressed between one or more sets of rollers with the cationic solution acting as an adhesive which is quickly absorbed into the paper structure which is substantially dry on the outer surfaces and can therefore be rolled onto a mandrel at high speed without the various layers of the roll sticking one to another.

[0069] The rate of addition and concentration of the cationic solution is such that the cationic molecules coated onto the cellulosic substrate result in excess residual cationic material remaining active after a section of the treated 2 ply paper is thoroughly wetted with water.

[0070] The treated paper as described above can be wetted with water or used to wipe a substrate which is wet with water. The combination with the quaternary biocide in the paper quickly dissolves and disinfects the substrate which has been wiped. The efficiency and speed of disinfection is controlled by the concentration of the excess quaternary biocide which has been applied to the paper and remains active after the paper has deactivated a portion of the cationic biocide.

[0071] Since various different grades and thicknesses of paper or other cellulosic substrates such as cellulose acetate have different degrees of anionic characteristics, the concentration and dosage rate of the cationic solution used to treat the cellulosic structure must be varied to suit the particular circumstance.

[0072] Compositions described in PCT/AU2006/000130 contained from 1.2% to 10% w/w of PVOH and up to 11% w/w of quaternary ammonium compound. For celluloses tested to date, the present invention generally has in excess of 8% w/w of quaternary ammonium compound.

[0073] Examples of cellulosic substrate formulations suitable for use in example 1 follow.

[0074] Formulation 1:

[0075] Formulation 1 is a benzalkonium chloride composition, applied at a rate of 2.20-2.95 gm/m.sup.2 active to achieve compliance with the Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration TGO 54, Option B test under dirty conditions. Higher rates of dosage will also achieve compliance.

TABLE-US-00001 Contents Chemical name (active/grade) (w/w) % Maker/Supplier Polyvinyl alcohol 10.00 Nippon Gohshei and Various Phenoxyethanol (Tech) 0.70 Various Benzalkonium chloride 50% 25.0 Various aqueous EDTA-4Na 0.1 Various Deionised Water (qs to 100%) 64 In-house Total 100.00

[0076] This formulation is for application to a cellulosic substrate, which is for example, 40 g/m.sup.2 paper. If two-ply paper is used, the dosage rate is doubled, and so on.

[0077] The actual dosage rate is calculated depending upon the degree of the anionic nature of the particular paper involved such that the paper can subsequently be used to achieve hospital grade hard surface disinfection according to the Australian TGA Option B under Dirty Conditions standard of antimicrobial performance.

[0078] The disinfection can be achieved in either of two ways. The surface to be disinfected can be sprayed with water and then the treated paper used to thoroughly wipe the surface clean. Alternatively, the treated paper can be dampened with water prior to thoroughly wiping the surface clean.

[0079] In both cases only a very brief period of contact between the treated paper and the water involved is required to dissolve the active biocide which is then immediately available to perform its disinfection cycle.

[0080] The polyvinyl alcohol or other cationic compatible polymer is present simply to cause adhesion between the plys. The polymer also ensures that any residual biocide left on the surface, in this case a benzalkonium chloride, is not sticky or smeary but provides a tack free surface.

[0081] Of course, this same affect can be achieved with any other cationic biocide and in each case the correct dosage of the biocide to be applied to any cellulosic substrate must be calculated by experimentation before implementation. At the same time if a single ply structure was to be used then the presence of polyvinyl alcohol or other polymer is not necessarily advantageous.

[0082] Formulation 2

[0083] Formulation 2 is a CHG composition, applied at a rate of 2.70-3.20 gm/m.sup.2 paper to achieve at least 3 log (99.9%) reduction in both E. coli and Staph aureus using a standardised suspension test. Higher rates of dosage will achieve higher rates of kill.

TABLE-US-00002 Contents Chemical name (active/grade) (w/w %) Maker/Supplier Polyvinyl alcohol (Gohsenol 13.00 Nippon Gohsshei/Various GL05 Equivalent) Polyethylene Glycol 400 (Tech) 2.00 Various Phenoxyethanol (Tech) 0.70 Various Chlorhexidine gluconate 53.50 Various 20% w/v (Tech) Lactic Acid 88% (Tech) ~0.08 Various qs to pH ~5.0 Deionised water ~30.30 In-house Qs to 100% Total 100.00

[0084] This formulation is for application to a cellulosic substrate e.g. Paper, 40 gm/m.sup.2 (if two ply paper is used, the dosage rate is doubled, and so on) at a dosage rate measured in ml/m.sup.2 with the dosage rate calculated depending upon the degree of the hydrophobic nature of the particular paper involved such that the paper can subsequently be used to achieve a measurable degree of bactericidal performance on skin.

[0085] The antisepsis is achieved by thoroughly wiping the hands dry after washing using the treated paper. Alternatively, the treated paper can be dampened with water prior to thoroughly wiping the hands or other areas of skin clean.

[0086] Different types of paper require different rates of addition of the treatment because each type has a different rate of deactivation of the cationic active because of different levels of anionic characteristics.

[0087] Once again, only a very brief period of contact between the treated paper and the water involved is required to dissolve the active biocide which is then immediately available to perform its disinfection cycle.

[0088] Of course, this same affect can be achieved with any other skin compatible, cationic biocide and the correct dosage of the biocide to be applied to any cellulosic substrate must be calculated by experimentation before implementation.

[0089] The formulation contains a proportion of polyethylene glycol. This additive is present both to accelerate the rate of solubility in water of the chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) which is dry in the paper and also to improve skin feel after use of the treated paper.

[0090] The phenoxyethanol in the formulation is present to boost the antimicrobial activity of the CHG and the Lactic acid to adjust the pH of the formulation to optimise skin health.

[0091] If a single ply structure is employed for the invention, then no PVOH or other polymer would be required as an adhesive, although this can be used if desired, for example, to improve the feel of the finished applicator.

[0092] Others example of a product which can be formulated using the principle disclosed in the invention is by the treatment of an appropriate cellulosic substrate such as the 2-ply paper towel described previously with a quaternary ammonium compound which produces beneficial skin effects. The liquid formulation would contain one or more of these quaternaries and could also contain components such as polyethylene glycol. This treated paper (or other cellulosic substrate), when used to dry the hands after washing would provide desirable skin feel properties. Of course, such a product may contain both a quaternary or quaternaries providing skin feel properties together with one or more quaternaries which are bactericidal, thus providing both a significant degree of antisepsis together with improved skin feel. Examples of those follow:

[0093] Formulation 3

[0094] Formulation 3 is a skin conditioning composition that provides a reduction in the amount of Microorganisms present on the skin. Again, it is useful as a glue to adhere two plys of cellulosic material to one another.

TABLE-US-00003 Contents Chemical name (active/ grade) (w/w) % Polyvinyl alcohol 13.00 Glycerine 2.00 Dimethyl silicone emulsion 4.00 Polysorbate 60 2.00 Quaternium-80 2.00 Aloe juice 1:1 1.00 Phenoxyethanol 1.00 Lactic acid q.s. to pH ~5.5 Deionised Water q.s to 100 (~75.0) Total 100.00

[0095] The various skin conditioning agents release while drying wet hands/skin. The Aloe juice provides a soothing effect. A moisturising effect is achieved with glycerine and lactic acid, while emollient and skin feel effect are achieved with dimethyl silicone emulsion and quaternium-80, which also acts as the cationic agent to reduce microbial load on the hands.

[0096] Formulation 4

[0097] Formulation 4 is a skin conditioning composition that provides a reduction in the amount of Microorganisms present on the skin. Again it is useful as a glue to adhere two plys of cellulosic material.

TABLE-US-00004 Contents Chemical name (active/ grade) (w/w) % Polyvinyl alcohol 10.00 Glycerine 2.00 PEG-6 Caprylic/Capric Glycerides 2.00 Isostearyl Palmitate 1.50 PEG-4 Laurate 2.00 Polysorbate 60 1.50 Phenoxyethanol 1.00 Cyclopentasiloxane 1.00 Dimethyl silicone emulsion 2.00 Quaternium-80 1.00 Tocopheryl Acetate 0.10 Aloe juice 1:1 1.00 Lactic acid q.s. to pH ~5.5 Deionised Water q.s to 100 (~74.9) Total 100.00

[0098] The various skin conditioning agents release while drying wet hands/skin. The Aloe juice provides a soothing effect. Tocopheryl Acetate provides a skin repair effect. A moisturising effect is achieved with glycerine and lactic acid, while emollient and skin feel effect are achieved with organo PEG glycerides, cyclopentasiloxanedimethyl silicone emulsion and quaternium-80, which also acts as the cationic agent to reduce microbial load on the hands.

[0099] Formulation 5

[0100] Another formulation within the scope of the present invention utilises formulas 1 or 2 but replaces the benzalkonium chloride or chlorhexidine gluconate in full or in part with di tallow esters, such as di-tallow ester of methyltriethanolammonium methosulfate, di-tallow ester of dimethyldiethanolammonium chloride, or di-tallow ester of trimethyl-dihydroxypropylammonium chloride. These formulations are useful in imparting fabric softening properties in wash. Impregnated cellulosic sheets can thus be made that can be included in washing machines to impart fabric softening and, when combined with a strong biocidal quaternary compound, can impart high levels of cleanliness to the washed clothing. The present invention provides a useful way to dispense an accurate dose of fabric softener and biocide to the wash. This is important to ensure that no more than the absolute minimum amount of fabric softener is dispensed into the waste water. The substrate can be multi-ply, with PVOH present as an adhesive, or it can be a relatively digestible substrate, such as lose weave tissue paper or multi-ply or coated tissue sheets.

[0101] Cationic Molecules

[0102] Examples of some of the active cationic molecules which can be used singly or in combination in the invention described are:

[0103] Group I: The alkyl substituted Quaternary ammonium compounds.

[0104] Group II: The non-halogenated benzyl substituted Quaternary ammonium compounds (including ethylbenzyl hydroxybenzyl, hydroxyethylbenzyl, naphthylmethyl, dodecylbenzyl, and alkyl benzyl)

[0105] Group III: The di- and tri-chlorobenzyl substituted quaternary ammonium compounds

[0106] Group IV: Quaternary ammonium compounds with unusual substitutes (charged heterocyclic compounds)

[0107] Group V Polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds (copolymerised with acrylamide and its derivatives) or vinyl pyrrolidone

[0108] Group VI Ester quaternary ammonium compounds formed by inserting an ester group in two of the alkyl chains

[0109] Group VII Biguanides such as chlorhexidine and octenidine salts

[0110] Groups I and II may be characterised by the formula R.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3R.sub.4 N.sup.+ Anion e.g. Cl.sup.−, Br.sup.− etc.

[0111] Where R.sub.1R.sub.2R.sub.3R.sub.4 are alkyl or benzyl or ethylbenzyl groups with alkyl groups having a chain length of from C.sub.8 to C.sub.18 and where typically R.sub.1 is alkyl and R.sub.2 benzyl or ethylbenzyl and R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are methyl groups. Commercial examples of Groups I and II which are often a blend of Quaternary ammonium compounds of these types are:

TABLE-US-00005 Bardac ® 2280 Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Bardac ® 2280i Didecyldimethylammonium chloride Bardac ® 2080 Octyldecyldimethylammonium chloride Bardap ® 26 Didecyldimethylpoly(oxyethyl)-ammonium propionate Barquat ® BAC 50 Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® BAC 80 Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® CB50 Alkyl (C12-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® CB80 Alkyl (C12-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® DM50 Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® DM50EP Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® DM80 Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® LB50 Alkyl (C12-C14) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® MB50 Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® MB50W Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® MB80 Alkyl (C12-C16) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® MS100 Alkyl (C12-C14) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride Barquat ® 4250-Z Alkyl (C12-C18) dimethylbenzylammonium chloride and Alkyl (C12-C14) dimethylethylbenzylammonium chloride

[0112] The following generic descriptions are applicable to quaternary ammonium compounds in Groups I-VI

TABLE-US-00006 PREFERRED NAME SYNONYM Alkyl ethyl benzyl dimethyl ammonium chloride Aralkonium chloride Alkyl dimethy-3,4-dichlorobenzyl ammonium chloride Benzalkonium chloride Alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride Cetalkonium chloride Cetyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride Didecyl dimethyl ammonium Chloride didecyl dimethylammonium chloride Dioctyl dimethyl ammonium Chloride dioctyl dimethylammonium chloride Hexadecyl dimethyl benzyl Chloride hexadecyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride ammonium Methyl dodecyl benzyl trimethyl Chloride methyl dodecyl benzyl ammonium chloride trimethyl ammonium Octa decyl dimethyl benzyl Chloride octadecyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride ammonium Octyl decyl dimethyl ammonium Chloride octyl decyl dimethyl chloride ammonium Octyl dimethyl ammonium Chloride octyl dimethyl ammonium chloride

[0113] Benzalkonium Chloride CAS 8001-54-5

[0114] Benzethonium Chloride CAS 121-54-0

[0115] Cetalkonium Chloride CAS 122-18-9

[0116] Cetrimide CAS 8044-71-1

[0117] Cetrimonium Bromide CAS 57-09-0

[0118] Cetylpyridinium Chloride CAS 123-03-5

[0119] Glycidyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride CAS 3033-77-0

[0120] Diisobutylphenoxyethoxyethyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride; CAS 121-54-0

[0121] Benzylhexadecyldimethylammonium chloride; CAS 122-18-9

[0122] Cetyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride

[0123] Hexadecyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride;

[0124] Trimethyltetradecylammonium bromide

[0125] Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

[0126] Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide

[0127] Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

[0128] 1-Hexadecylpyridinium chloride;

[0129] (2,3-epoxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride

[0130] Stearyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride CAS 122-19-0

[0131] Octenidine dihydrochloride CAS 79775-73-6

[0132] Chlorhexidene gluconate CAS 55-56-1

[0133] Group V Polymeric Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

[0134] This group are generally used in personal care products such as skin care products and hair care to enhance skin feel and hair manageability. They are generally inferior to compounds in Groups I, 11,111, IV and VII with respect to antimicrobial action and are rarely used for that purpose.

[0135] POLYQUATS (Polyquaternium Compounds)

[0136] Polyquaternium-1 Ethanol, 2,2′,2″-nitrilotris-, polymer with 1,4-dichloro-2-butene and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-2-butene-1,4-diamine

[0137] Polyquaternium-2 Poly[bis(2-chloroethyl) ether-alt-1,3-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea]

[0138] Polyquaternium-4 Hydroxyethyl cellulose dimethyl diallylammonium chloride copolymer; Diallyldimethylammonium chloride-hydroxyethyl cellulose copolymer

[0139] Polyquaternium-5 Copolymer of acrylamide and quaternized dimethylammoniumethyl methacrylate

[0140] Polyquaternium-6 Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)

[0141] Polyquaternium-7 Copolymer of acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride

[0142] Polyquaternium-8 Copolymer of methyl and stearyl dimethylaminoethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with di methylsulphate[2]

[0143] Polyquaternium-9 Homopolymer of N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl ester of methacrylic acid, quaternized with bromomethane

[0144] Polyquaternium-10 Quaternized hydroxyethyl cellulose

[0145] Polyquaternium-11 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate

[0146] Polyquaternium-12 Ethyl methacrylate/abietyl methacrylate/diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate

[0147] Polyquaternium-13 Ethyl methacrylate/oleyl methacrylate/diethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer quaternized with dimethyl sulfate

[0148] Polyquaternium-14 Trimethylaminoethylmethacrylate homopolymer

[0149] Polyquaternium-15 Acrylamide-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate methyl chloride copolymer

[0150] Polyquaternium-16 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and quaternized vinylimidazole

[0151] Polyquaternium-17 Adipic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer

[0152] Polyquaternium-18 Azelaic acid, dimethylaminopropylamine and dichloroethylether copolymer

[0153] Polyquaternium-19 Copolymer of polyvinyl alcohol and 2,3-epoxypropylamine

[0154] Polyquaternium-20 Copolymer of polyvinyl octadecyl ether and 2,3-epoxypropylamine

[0155] Polyquaternium-22 Copolymer of acrylic acid and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride

[0156] Polyquaternium-24 Quaternary ammonium salt of hydroxyethyl cellulose reacted with a lauryl dimethyl ammonium substituted epoxide.

[0157] Polyquaternium-27 Block copolymer of Polyquaternium-2 and Polyquaternium-17

[0158] Polyquaternium-28 Copolymer of vinylpyrrolidone and methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium

[0159] Polyquaternium-29 Chitosan modified with propylene oxide and quaternized with epichlorhydrin

[0160] Polyquaternium-30 Ethanaminium, N-(carboxymethyl)-N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2-methyl-1-oxo-2-propen-1-yl)oxy]-, inner salt, polymer with methyl 2-methyl-2-propenoate

[0161] Polyquaternium-31 N,N-dimethylaminopropyl-N-acrylamidine quaternized with diethylsulfate bound to a block of polyacrylonitrile

[0162] Polyquaternium-32 Poly(acrylamide 2-methacryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride)

[0163] Polyquaternium-33 Copolymer of trimethylaminoethylacrylate salt and acrylamide

[0164] Polyquaternium-34 Copolymer of 1,3-dibromopropane and N,N-diethyl-N′,N′-dimethyl-1,3-propanediamine

[0165] Polyquaternium-35 Methosulphate of the copolymer of methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium and of methacryloyloxyethyldimethylacetylammonium

[0166] Polyquaternium-36 Copolymer of N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and buthylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethylsulphate

[0167] Polyquaternium-37 Poly(2-methacryloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride)

[0168] Polyquaternium-39 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium Chloride

[0169] Polyquaternium-42 Poly[oxyethylene(dimethylimino)ethylene (dimethylimino)ethylene dichloride]

[0170] Polyquaternium-43 Copolymer of acrylamide, acrylamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 2-amidopropylacrylamide sulfonate and dimethylaminopropylamine

[0171] Polyquaternium-44 3-Methyl-1-vinylimidazolium methyl sulfate-N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer

[0172] Polyquaternium-45 Copolymer of (N-methyl-N-ethoxyglycine)methacrylate and N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, quaternized with dimethyl sulphate

[0173] Polyquaternium-46 Terpolymer of vinylcaprolactam, vinylpyrrolidone, and quaternized vinylimidazole

[0174] Polyquaternium-47 Terpolymer of acrylic acid, methacrylamidopropyl trimethylammonium chloride, and methyl acrylate

[0175] Group VI Ester Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

[0176] Typical applications for this group are in formulating Laundry fabric softeners providing mild antimicrobial action. For increased antimicrobial performance products from Groups I and II may be added.

##STR00001##

[0177] Commercially available examples include the TETRANYL® REWOQUAT® and ACCOSOFT® Product Ranges from Kao Corp Evonik Industries and Stepan Chemical respectively

[0178] Group VII Biquanides

[0179] Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG) 1,6-bis(4-chloro-phenylbiguanido)hexane CAS 55-56-1,

[0180] Octenidine Hydrochloride N,N′-(decane-1,10-diyldipyridin-1-yl-4-ylidene)dioctan-1-amine

[0181] Dihydrochloride CAS 70775-73-6,

[0182] Polyhexanide PHMB Polyhexamethylene biguanide CAS 28757-47-3, Example brand name VANTOCIL® Lonza Corp

[0183] Water-Soluble Polymers

[0184] Examples of some of the water-soluble polymers, dispersions or emulsions which can be used singly or in combination in the invention described are:

[0185] Synthetic Water-Soluble Polymers

[0186] Poly(ethyleneglycol) PEG

[0187] Poly(propyleneglycol) PPG

[0188] Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) PVP

[0189] Poly(vinylpyrrolidone/vinylacetate) copolymer PVP/VA

[0190] Poly(vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate Copolymer PVP/DMAEMA

[0191] Poly(acrylicacid) PAA

[0192] Poly(oxyethylene/oxypropylene) glycol copolymers

[0193] Sodium Polyacrylate solutions

[0194] Ammonium Polyacrylate solutions

[0195] Poly (dimethylsiloxane) emulsions

[0196] Poly(vinylalcohol) PVOH

[0197] Styrene/Butadiene Copolymer emulsion

[0198] Carboxylated Styrene/Butadiene copolymer emulsion

[0199] Alkyl methacrylate copolymer emulsion

[0200] PolyAcrylic Acid emulsion

[0201] Acrylic Acid/VinylAcetate emulsion

[0202] Polyvinyl Acetate emulsions

[0203] Polyethylene emulsion cationic and nonionic

[0204] Epoxy ester polymer emulsion

[0205] Polyurethane polymer dispersion

[0206] Polystyrene polymer dispersion

[0207] AlkoxyAlkyl substituted Polyacrylicx Acid R.sup.1OH/R.sup.2 PAA

[0208] Divinylether/MaleicAnhydride copolymers DIVEMA

[0209] Poly(vinylether/maleic Anhydride) PVM/MA

[0210] Poly(vinylether/maleic Acid) PVM/MA

[0211] Poly (ethyleneimine)

[0212] Quaternary Polyamines

[0213] Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride PDADMAC

[0214] Poly (2-Alkyl-2-Oxazoline)

[0215] Poly[di(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene] (PCPP)

[0216] Poly[di(methoxyethoxyethoxy) phosphazene] (MEEP)

[0217] Methyl cellulose

[0218] Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)

[0219] Hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC)

[0220] Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC)

[0221] Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose (Na CMC)

[0222] Natural Water-Soluble Polymers

[0223] Xanthan Gum

[0224] Pectin

[0225] Hyaluronic Acid

[0226] Chitosan

[0227] Dextran

[0228] Partially Hydrolysed Starch—Maltodextrin

[0229] Carrageenan

[0230] Guar Gum

[0231] Skin Conditioning Agents

[0232] Examples of some of the active skin conditioning agents (along with their skin effect) which can be used singly or in combination in the invention described are:

TABLE-US-00007 INCI name Skin effect Silicone Quaternium-20 Skin conditioning agent for mildness, silky feel and smoothness. Silicone Quaternium-24 Skin conditioning agent for mildness, silky feel and smoothness. Quarternium-45 (3,4-Dimethyl-2-[2- Skin moisturising, (phenylamino)vinyl]oxazolium iodide) repairing agent POLYQUATERNIUM-10 Skin conditioning, moisturising agent Silky feel POLYQUATERNIUM-50 Skin conditioning agent for silky feel and smoothness. QUATERNIUM-79 HYDROLYZED WHEAT Skin conditioning PROTEIN Cocamidopropyl ethyldimonium ethosulfate Skin soft after- feel and moisturizing effects GUAR HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM Skin conditioning, CHLORIDE moisturising agent STARCH HYDROXYPROPYLTRIMONIUM Skin moisturising CHLORIDE agent. Silky feel POLYMETHACRYLAMIDOPROPYLTRIMONIUM Skin moisturising CHLORIDE agent. Silky feel PEG-2 Skin conditioning, DIMEADOWFOAMAMIDOETHYLMONIUM moisturising agent METHOSULFATE SILICONE QUATERNIUM-2 PANTHENOL Skin conditioning SUCCINATE

[0233] We have discussed use of the invention for disinfecting hard surfaces such as in hospitals and in Kitchens, for use in a novel paper towel which not only dries hands after washing but leaves them bacteriostatic without the need for separate application of antimicrobial creams and the like, and for imparting skin feel improvers.

[0234] Other uses for the invention include the preparation of curtains for use in hospitals for example curtains surrounding bed cubicles for privacy as well as window covering curtains. Because of high patient turnover in cubicles, and the need for frequent handling of the curtain for opening and closing by a variety of patients, visitors, medical staff and orderlies, cubical surrounding privacy curtains are at high risk of conveying crossinfecting microbes and hence require frequent disinfection. Paper curtains treated according to the present invention remain biostatic for long periods and can then be disposed of at much lower materials and labour cost than the repetitively cleaning/disinfecting regimes currently used. This is an example of a single ply structure which does not require the adhesion of multiple plys and therefore does not require the inclusion of an adhesive polymer such as polyvinylalcohol. A further potential application of the invention is to treat cardboard for the manufacture of cardboard so that cartons manufactured from the treated cardboard is resistant to mould growth enabling the manufacture of mould resistant cardboard boxes.

[0235] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention can be beneficially used in many other ways

[0236] Test Method for Antiseptic Paper Wipe Validation

[0237] This test method was published in the “Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy”, Vol 8, No 4; 1978 (152-155)

1. PRINCIPLE

[0238] The method, as applied to Hospital Grade Disinfectants or Sanitisers, is essentially that given by Kelsey & Maurer (1) for testing disinfectant performance. It is set out in a form suitable for attachment to a regulatory minimum standard for disinfectants and antiseptics. For wider application of the test refer to supplementary note A.

[0239] The disinfectant is tested at the dilution recommended by the manufacturer on the product label. The test consists of challenging the diluted disinfectant with bacterial inoculum, withdrawing a sample after a given time and culturing the sample in a suitable recovery medium. After this sampling, the mixture is again challenged by a second inoculum and after a second interval is again sampled for culturing. The sample is passed or failed according to the extent of growth shown in the two cultures sampled. The test may be performed with or without the addition of sterile yeast as an organic soil. (Options B and A respectively) or both, according to the use-situations advocated on the label of the product under test.

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 1 Selection of test parameters for classes of disinfectant and antiseptic using the TGA Disinfectant Test. Test option for resuspension Organisms of Number Class of used in the centrifuged of Inoculum product test organisms challenges density Disinfectant— Ps. A (“clean” 2 2 × 10.sup.8-2 × 10.sup.9 hospital grade: aeruginosa conditions) Sanitiser Pr. vulgaris B (“dirty” E. coli conditions”) S. aureus Disinfectant— E. coli C 1 2 × 10.sup.8-2 × 10.sup.9 household or S. aureus commercial grade Antiseptic Ps. D 1 1 × 10.sup.6-1 × 10.sup.7 (excluding aeruginosa those for intact Pr. vulgaris skin only) E. coli S. aureus

[0240] For Household Grade disinfectants, the first two organisms listed and the second challenge are omitted, while Option C (nutrient broth) is selected as the choice of simulated soil. For antiseptics, the second challenge is again omitted, while Option D (serum) is selected as the choice of soil.

2. MEDIA

[0241] All media must be contained in capped glass containers. Where media are stored, the containers must be sealed tightly or refrigerated.

[0242] 2.1 Sterile Hard Water [0243] 2.1.1 Dissolve 0.304 g anhydrous calcium chloride and 0.065 g anhydrous magnesium chloride in glass-distilled water, and make up to one litre. [0244] 2.1.2 Dispense into glass containers and sterilize by autoclaving at 121°±1° C. for 15 minutes.

[0245] 2.2 Yeast Suspension [0246] 2.2.1 Weigh 200 g of moist compressed baker's yeast. Cream by the gradual addition of sterile hard water using a heavy glass rod for stirring. Decant the creamed portion into a flask, add more water to any lumpy residue remaining and repeat the creaming and decantation until no residue remains and 500 ml of water has been used. [0247] 2.2.2 Shake the contents of the flask vigorously and strain through a 100-mesh sieve, breaking down any remaining lumps. [0248] 2.2.3 Add 500 ml sterile hard water, shake vigorously and adjust the pH to 6.9-7.1 with 1N Sodium hydroxide. [0249] 2.2.4 Transfer 50 ml, 100 ml or 200 ml of the yeast solution into screw-capped bottles. [0250] 2.2.5 Autoclave at 121°±1° C. for 15 minutes and allow the autoclave to cool without releasing pressure. Store cold but not freezing. [0251] 2.2.6 Dry two Petri dishes to constant weight. Into each, pipette 25 ml of sterilised yeast suspension, and dry to constant weight at 100° C. Calculate the average solids content of the suspension. [0252] 2.2.7 Before use, pipette 25 ml of the sterilised yeast suspension into a beaker. Determine the pH using the glass electrode, and determine the volume of 1N sodium hydroxide solution needed to adjust the pH to within the range 6.9 to 7.1. [0253] 2.2.8 Immediately before use, add to each bottle of sterilised yeast, a volume of sterile hard water and a volume of 1N sodium hydroxide calculated to adjust the concentration of dry yeast to 5.0% and the pH to within the range 6.9-7.1. Discard prepared yeast 3 months after preparation.

[0254] 2.3 Medium for Growth of Test Organisms [0255] 2.3.1 Prepare a 10% w/v dextrose solution in distilled water, and sterilise by autoclaving at 121°±1° C. for 15 minutes. Cool to room temperature. [0256] 2.3.2 Prepare Wright and Mundy medium following the author's procedure (2) or from a commercial product of the same composition (Note B) and sterilise by autoclaving at 121°±1° C. for 15 minutes. Cool to room temperature. [0257] 2.3.3 To each litre of Wright and Mundy medium prepared in 2.3.2 add 10 ml sterile dextrose solution prepared in 2.3.1. [0258] 2.3.4 Aseptically dispense in either 10 ml or 15 ml amounts, as preferred. [0259] 2.3.5 This medium is referred to as Wright and Mundy dextrose medium.

[0260] 2.4 Recovery Medium [0261] 2.4.1 Prepare nutrient broth as follows or from a commercial product of the same composition

TABLE-US-00009 (Note B):- Add the following to 970 ml of water and dissolve by heating. Beef Extract Powder 10 g Peptone 10 g Sodium Chloride  5 g Adjust the pH to 8.0-8.4 using 1N Sodium Hydroxide. Boil for 10 minutes and filter. Cool. [0262] 2.4.2 To each litre of nutrient broth solution prepared in 2.4.1 add 30 g polysorbate 80 (Note B). [0263] 2.4.3 Adjust pH to 7.2-7.4, using 1N Sodium hydroxide. [0264] 2.4.4 Autoclave at 121°±1° C. for 15 minutes, and immediately shake well to disperse the polysorbate 80. [0265] 2.4.5 Dispense aseptically in 10 ml amounts into sterile capped glass tubes.

3. TEST INOCULUM

[0266] 3.1 Test Organisms

[0267] The following 4 organisms are to be used, except where prescribed.

TABLE-US-00010 Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6749 Proteus vulgaris NCTC 4635 Escherichia coli NCTC 8196 Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 4163

[0268] 3.2 Preparation of Inoculum [0269] 3.2.1 Incubate the contents of an ampoule of freeze-dried culture overnight at 37°±1° C. in Wright and Mundy dextrose medium. [0270] 3.2.2 Inoculate the incubated culture onto nutrient agar slopes in McCartney bottles. Store for up to 3 months at 4°±1° C. [0271] 3.2.3 At a suitable period before the test is to be conducted, sub-culture from an agar slope into 10 ml or 15 ml quantities of Wright and Mundy dextrose medium. Incubate at 37°±1° C. for 24±2 hours. [0272] 3.2.4 Sub-culture from the medium in 3.2.3 into fresh medium, using an inoculating loop of 4 mm in diameter. Incubate at 37°±1° C. for 24±2 hours. [0273] 3.2.5 Repeat step 3.2.4 daily. For the test procedure use only those cultures which have been sub-cultured at least 5, and not more than 14 times. [0274] 3.2.6 Filter test cultures of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus through sterile Whatmans No. 4 filter paper. [0275] 3.2.7 Centrifuge all test cultures until cells are compact, and remove supernatant with a Pasteur pipette. [0276] 3.2.8 Resuspend test organisms in the original volume of liquid (i.e. 10 ml or 15 ml), and shake for 1 minute with a few sterile glass beads. [0277] 3.2.8.1 For Option A, resuspend in sterile hard water. [0278] 3.2.8.2 For Option B, resuspend in a mixture of 4 parts yeast suspension (prepared as in 2.2) to 6 parts sterile hard water. [0279] 3.2.8.3 For Option C, resuspend in nutrient broth (prepared as in 2.4.1 and 2.4.3 and sterilised by autoclaving). [0280] 3.2.8.4 For Option D, resuspend in sterile hard water; dilute twice 1+9 in sterile hard water; then add 8 ml of the last dilution to 2 ml sheep serum previously inactivated at 56° C. for 20 mins. and sterilised by filtration.

[0281] 3.3 Enumeration of Inoculum

[0282] Immediately before testing, sample the resuspended inoculum and enumerate using 10-fold dilutions in quarter-strength Ringer's solution and the pour-plate technique. The number subsequently counted must represent not less than 2×10.sup.8 or more than 2×10.sup.9 organisms per millilitre (or 1×10.sup.8-1×10.sup.7 using Option D) or the test is considered invalid. Retain tube containing 10.sup.−7 dilution for use in controls (7.3 and 7.4).

4. DISINFECTANT DILUTIONS

[0283] Quantitatively dilute a sample of the disinfectant to the specified extent, using sterile hard water as diluent. Use not less than 10 ml or 10 g of sample for the first dilution, and not less than 1 ml of any dilution to prepare subsequent dilutions. Make all dilutions in glass containers on the day of testing. The glass containers must be twice rinsed in glass-distilled water, and sterilised.

5. TEMPERATURE

[0284] Where air-conditioning does not maintain test solutions at 21°±1° C., hold the containers in which the test is to be carried out in a waterbath at this temperature.

6. TEST PROCEDURE

[0285] Perform the following test using each of the four test organisms (3.1) except where the Standard directs otherwise. It is not necessary to test with all organisms simultaneously.

[0286] 6.1 Add 3 ml of diluted disinfectant to a capped glass container.

[0287] 6.2 Start a timing device. Immediately inoculate disinfectant with 1 ml of culture (prepared in 3.2) and mix by swirling.

[0288] 6.3 At 8 minutes, subculture one drop (0.02 ml+0.002 ml) into each of 5 tubes containing recovery broth. To ensure delivery of 0.02 ml into the first tube of recovery broth at exactly 8 minutes, it will be necessary to withdraw a suitable amount from the disinfectant test mix shortly beforehand. This must be immediately preceded by vortexing. Surplus sample must be returned to the test mix. (See Note D).

[0289] 6.4 Except where prescribed, at 10 minutes, inoculate disinfectant with a further 1 ml of culture, and mix by vortexing.

[0290] 6.5 Except where prescribed, at 18 minutes, proceed as in 6.3.

[0291] 6.6 Mix the contents of all tubes of recovery broth by vortexing. Incubate at 37°±1° C. for 48±2 hours.

[0292] 6.7 Examine for growth and record results.

[0293] 6.8 For each test organism repeat steps 6.1-6.7 on each of 2 subsequent days, using a fresh disinfectant dilution and a freshly prepared bacterial suspension.

7. CONTROLS

[0294] 7.1 Recovery Broth Contamination

[0295] Incubate one uninoculated tube of recovery broth at 37°±1° C. for 48±2 hours and examine for growth. If growth occurs, the test is considered invalid due to contamination of the recovery broth.

[0296] 7.2 Disinfectant Contamination

[0297] To 1 tube of recovery broth, add 0.02 ml of diluted disinfectant. Incubate at 37°±1° C. for 48±2 hours. If growth occurs, the test is considered invalid. Growth in 7.2 but not 7.1 indicates contamination of the disinfectant test solution.

[0298] 7.3 Fertility Test

[0299] To 1 tube of recovery broth, add 1.0 ml of the 10.sup.−7 dilution retained in 3.3. Incubate at 37°±1° C. for 48±2 hours and examine for growth. If no growth occurs, the test is considered invalid.

[0300] 7.4 Inactivator Efficacy

[0301] To 1 tube of recovery broth, add 0.02 ml of diluted disinfectant and 1.0 ml of the 10.sup.−7 dilution retained in 3.3. Incubate at 37°±1° C. for 48±2 hours, and examine for growth. If no growth occurs, the test is considered invalid. Growth in 7.3 but not in 7.4 indicates inadequate inactivation of the disinfectant.

8. PROCEDURE IN CASE OF INVALID CONTROLS

[0302] When any control renders the test invalid, the test is to be repeated. Fresh recovery broth is to be used if growth occurred in control 7.1 or if no growth occurred in controls 7.3 or 7.4.

[0303] Should disinfectant contamination be indicated by control 7.2 on both occasions, the disinfectant is considered to fail the test. Should inadequate inactivation of the disinfectant be indicated by control 7.4 on both occasions, the test is considered invalid (Note C).

9. RESULTS

[0304] The dilution test passes the test if there is no apparent growth in at least two out of the five recovery broths specified in 6.3 and no apparent growth in at least two of the five recovery broths specified in 6.5 on all three occasions, using all four organisms.

10. REFERENCES

[0305] (1) Kelsey, J. C. and Maurer Isobel, M. Pharmaceutical Journal (UK) 213: 528-530, (1974). (2) Wright Eleanore, S. and Mundy, R. A. Journal of Bacteriology 80: 279-280, (1960).