Method for producing a fibre-reinforced polyamide matrix composite material from a reactive prepolymer precursor composition

Abstract

A process and reactive prepolymer composition for producing a part made of a thermoplastic composite material by molding in a closed mold, where the material includes reinforcing fibers and a polyamide thermoplastic matrix impregnating the fibers having the steps of preparing the reactive prepolymer precursor, injecting the reactive prepolymer precursor in the molten state into the closed mold containing the fibers, thereby impregnating the fibers with the reactive precursor mixture, bulk polymerizing the reactive prepolymer precursor in situ, and demolding the molded part produced.

Claims

1. A process for producing a part made of a thermoplastic composite material by molding in a closed mold, said material comprising reinforcing fibers and a polyamide thermoplastic matrix impregnating said fibers, wherein said matrix is a semicrystalline polyamide with a glass transition temperature Tg of at least 80 C., and with a melting temperature Tm of less than or equal to 280 C. and greater than 200 C., prepared in situ by bulk melt polycondensation polymerization of a reactive precursor composition comprising according to A at least one first polyamide prepolymer A1 bearing two identical functions X (X and X) or Y (Y and Y) and at least one second polyamide prepolymer A2 bearing two identical functions X (X and X) or Y (Y and Y), different than those of A1 and coreactive with respect to those of A1, or of a precursor composition comprising according to B at least one prepolymer bearing on the same chain two different functions X and Y which are coreactive with one another, or of a precursor composition according to a mixture of (A+B), with said functions X and Y being respectively carboxy (X) and amine (Y) and inversely (Y and X) and in that said process comprises the following successive steps: i) preparation of the reactive mixture A: (A1+A2) or of the reactive mixture (A+B): (A1+A2+B) by melt blending the components or melting said prepolymer B if it is the only component of said reactive precursor composition, at a temperature greater than that of the melting temperature Tm of the mixture A or of the mixture (A+B) or of the Tm of said prepolymer B if it is the only component of said precursor composition, ii) injection in a closed mold comprising said fibers of said reactive precursor composition in the molten state as obtained in step i) and impregnation of said fibers by said reactive precursor composition in the molten state, which is, as appropriate, A or (A+B) or said prepolymer B, iii) in situ bulk melt polycondensation polymerization in said closed mold and with a controlled polymerization time and a controlled polymerization temperature such that the polymerization temperature is higher than the crystallization temperature Tc of said thermoplastic matrix polyamide, iv) optionally, cooling of said composite-material part, v) demolding of said part, and with said polyamide of said matrix and said prepolymers A1, A2 or B having the same amide unit composition and said amide units being derived from: a) a diacid component which is 95 to 100 mol%, of terephthalic structure, with the presence of 0 to 5 mol% of isophthalic diacid, b) a diamine component composed of: b1) from 55 to 85 mol% of a C.sub.9, C.sub.10, C.sub.11 or C.sub.12 aliphatic linear diamine, and b2) from 15 to 45 mol% of a diamine different than b1), selected from: b21) a mono-branched aliphatic diamine with methyl or ethyl substituent and having a difference in chain length relative to the associated diamine b1) of at least two carbons, b22) m-xylylenediamine (mXD) or b23) a C.sub.4 to C.sub.18 linear aliphatic diamine when b1) is a C.sub.10 to C.sub.12 linear aliphatic diamine and with b23) being a C.sub.10 to C.sub.18 diamine when said diamine b1 is a C.sub.9 diamine, b24) 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl (1,3 BAC), 1,4 -bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl (1,4 BAC) and a mixture thereof, and c) optionally, an amino acid or, as appropriate, the corresponding C.sub.6 to C.sub.12 lactam with c) representing no more than 30 mol% relative to a) or relative to b).

2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein it is an RTM (resin transfer molding) process.

3. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein it comprises an additional step of post-polymerization.

4. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said polyamide comprises b1), b2) and c) and that the molar ratio, in %, of c/(b1+b2) ranges from 5 to 30%.

5. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said polyamide comprises c) chosen from 11-aminoundecanoic acid or 12-aminolauric acid or lauryl lactam.

6. The process as claimed in one of claim 1, wherein said polyamide has, as components, a) terephthalic acid, b1) 1,10-decamethylenediamine, b2) 1,6-hexamethylenediamine or 2-methylpentamethylenediamine (MPMD) or m-xylylenediamine (mXD) or 1,3 bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexyl (BAC) or 1,4 BAC and c) 11-aminoundecanoic acid or 12-aminolauric acid or lauryl lactam.

7. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said polyamide has, as components, a) terephthalic acid, b1) 1,10-decamethylenediamine, b2) 1,6-hexamethylenediamine and c) 11-aminoundecanoic acid.

8. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said polyamide has, as components, a) terephthalic acid, b1) 1,10-decamethylenediamine, b2) 1,6-hexamethylenediamine and c) 12-aminoundecanoic acid.

9. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein b1) is 1,10-decamethylenediamine and b2) is chosen from 2-methylpentamethylenediamine (MPMD) or mXD or 1,3 BAC or 1,4 BAC and a) is terephthalic acid.

10. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of b1/(b1+b2) ranges from 55 to 75% and that the molar ratio of b2/(b1+b2) ranges from 25 to 45%.

11. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said reactive precursor composition comprises at least one nanofiller of carbon origin chosen from: carbon black, graphenes, carbon nanofibrils and carbon nanotubes, said nanofiller being added in a form which is predispersed in the most fluid constituent.

12. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein it is a c-RTM (compression RTM) process.

13. The process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that said precursor composition comprises, in addition to said prepolymers, an additive which absorbs the radiation from a UV laser at a specific wavelength or from IR heating or from microwave heating or from induction heating for the purposes of reheating said composite, before an additional conversion operation.

14. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fibers are long fibers with an L/D >1000.

15. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fibers are selected from mineral fibers, or from synthetics.

16. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein said part is a structural part.

17. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein said structural part is a part in a structure selected from the group consisting of a road, rail, sea, aeronautical or aerospace transport structure, a mechanical construction structure, a building, a parks and recreation structure, a reinforced shield, and a structure for protection against the impact of projectiles.

18. The process as claimed in claim 16, wherein said structural part is a motor vehicle part, optionally inserted into a metal structure such as the body in white of a vehicle.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE

(1) FIG. 1 shows a photo taken with a scanning electron microscope of woven glass fibers (woven taffeta fabric, at 600 g/m.sup.2, based on Advantex glass fiber from 3B, SE4535 size) impregnated with the oligomers 1 and 2 according to the process of the invention.

EXAMPLES

(2) Methods for Determining the Characteristics Mentioned

(3) The titration (quantitative determination) of the end functions is carried out according to a potentiometric method (direct quantitative determination for NH.sub.2 or COOH). The glass transition temperature Tg is measured using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), after a second heating pass, according to the standard ISO 11357-2:2013. The heating and cooling rate is 20 C./min. The melting temperature Tm and the crystallization temperature Tc are measured by DSC, according to the standard ISO 11357-3:2013. The heating and cooling rate is 20 C./min. The enthalpy of fusion of said matrix polymer is measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), after a second heating pass, according to the standard ISO 11357-3:2013. The morphology images are obtained by scanning electron microscopy, after cutting the sample in the transverse direction of the fibers and preparing the sample by ion polishing.
Preparation of Functionalized Oligomers:

(4) The following procedure is an example of a preparation process, and of course is not limiting.

(5) 5 kg of the following starting materials are introduced into a 14-liter autoclave reactor: 500 g of water, the diamine or diamines, the amino acid (optionally), the diacid or diacids, 35 g of sodium hypophosphite in solution, 0.1 g of a Wacker AK1000 antifoaming agent (Wacker Silicones).

(6) The closed reactor is purged of its residual oxygen and then heated to a temperature of 230 C. of the material. After stirring for 30 minutes under these conditions, the pressurized vapor which has formed in the reactor is gradually reduced in pressure over 60 minutes, while gradually increasing the internal temperature so that it becomes established at Tm+10 C. at atmospheric pressure.

(7) The oligomer (prepolymer) is subsequently emptied out via the bottom valve, then cooled in a water trough and then ground.

(8) The nature and molar ratio of the unit and molecular structure of the polyamide exemplified, and also the main characteristics thereof, are given in table 1 below.

(9) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Characteristics of the functionalized oligomers synthesized Molecular structure and Acid Amine molar Tm Tg: Tc H number number composition Function C. C. C. J/g eq/T eq/T Oligomer 1 11/6T/10T NH.sub.2 269.2 81.7 234.8 69.8 0 620 16/24/60 Oligomer 2 11/6T/10T COOH 263.3 97 228 56 711 0 9.1/27.3/63.6

Example 1

(10) A c-RTM test is carried out using the two oligomers 1 and 2, mixed using a static mixer of Sulzer type in a 50/50 weight ratio in a mold heated to 280 C. containing 4 plies of woven glass fibers. The two polymers are melted beforehand in independent pots heated to 280 C. A slight vacuum is applied in order to extract any air from the pots before the melting and the injection. Once the vacuum has been produced in the mold, the suctioning allowing the vacuum to be produced is turned off before injection and a mold inlet valve makes it possible to keep the mold under vacuum even when the suctioning is turned off.

(11) After injection and compression, the mold is cooled in the open air and the part obtained is removed from the mold at 180 C.

(12) The state of impregnation of the fibers is excellent, and no cracks are detected, as shown by FIG. 1.