A FLUID FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM COMPRISING EXERGY- BASED OPTIMAL OUTPUT

Abstract

The present invention pertains to a fluid-flow control system (O) that renders an exergy-based optimal output based on the maximization of the total exergy at any given time via control, and suffices an innovative, exergy-based purpose function which instantly optimizes flow in/into any system (S) of power and/or heat generation, industrial or all kinds of manufacturing systems where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid is/are involved. Systemic, environmental, technical factors such as equipment performance, losses, demand/supply inputs, temperature and pressure data are considered within the optimization system with the particular help of instrumentation and data control units, and flow control units such as the variable flow/displacement pumps.

Claims

1. A fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) that ensures the objective function, for instance, exergy efficiency or exergy rationalism or composite function, remains at the maximum point within the system, and prevents the efficiency from falling into the negative domain, and characterized with; at least one flow control unit (2) to pump the fluid into the system in any type of power and/or heat, industrial or production systems (S), where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid process is/are involved, at least one measurement and data management unit (3) that is connected to inlet and outlet points of at least one flow control unit (2), and measures, transfers and performs data management of the flow rate, temperature, pressure values of the fluid that passes through the flow control unit (2), and an optimization system sufficing at least one exergy-based objective function (1), which instantaneously optimizes the flow rate and the difference between the input and output temperatures of the fluid that circulates so as to increase the performance of the power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S), where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid process is/are involved.

2. A fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) as in claim 1, characterized with the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) that constantly regulates the difference between inlet and outlet temperatures of circulating fluid, T (delta T), and controls the fluid flow rate of the flow control unit (2) in power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S).

3. A fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) as in claim 1 or 2, characterized with the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) that works on demand-supply temperature and flow rate costraints of the fluid that is in liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases.

4. A fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) as in one of any aforementioned claims, characterized with the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) that optimizes the flow rate of the fluid in consideration of the supply-demand temperature, flow rate costraints, instant load profiles, inlet-outlet demand and constraints, environmental conditions, solar irradiation in solar power generation systems.

5. A fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) as in any one of the aforementioned claims, and characterized with the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1), that aims to optimize the total net exergy as the objective function, and calculates the objective function as the maximization of the difference between total exergy output of the power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S) and the total exergy consumed by the components of the production system.

6. A fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) as in claim 5, and characterized with the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1), that performs the neccessitated calculations, determines the instantaneous flow rate and controls the flow control unit (2).

7. A fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) as in any one of the aforementioned claims, that ensures the efficiency remains at the maximum level in power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S), and prevents the system efficiency from falling into the negative domain.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

[0018] To achieve the objective of the present invention, a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output is shown schematically in the attached FIGURE;

[0019] FIG. 1. The schematic view of the system with the objective of a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output.

[0020] Components partaking in the FIGURE are each numbered separately, and the corresponding definitions for each number are provided below.

[0021] Optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function

[0022] Flow control unit

[0023] Measurement and data management unit

[0024] S: Power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems, where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid process is/are involved, such as solar powered PVT system, industrial waste, cogeneration or other power generation systems

[0025] O: Fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output

[0026] E: Total of energy or energies with exergy breakdown as system inputs

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0027] A fluid flow control system (O) comprising exergy-based optimal output, with the objective of the invention which ensures that the objective function, for instance, exergy efficiency or exergy rationalism or composite function, remains at the maximum point within the system, and prevents the efficiency from falling into the negative domain,

[0028] at least one flow control unit (2) to pump the fluid into the system in any type of power and/or heat, industrial or production systems (S), where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid process is/are involved,

[0029] at least one measurement and data management unit (3) that is connected to inlet and outlet points of at least one flow control unit (2), and measures, transfers and performs data management of the flow rate, temperature, pressure values of the fluid that passes through the flow control unit (2), and

[0030] comprises an optimization system sufficing at least one exergy-based objective function (1), instantaneously optimizing the flow rate and the difference between the input and output temperatures of the fluid that circulates so as to increase the performance of the power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S), where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid process is/are involved.

[0031] Optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) is an algorithm-based driver that interprets instantaneous data and determines the fluid flow rate at each instant. Such algorithmic system (1) ensures that the ratio of the total and exergy breakdown of each energy output delivered by the fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O), with respect to the total and exergy breakdown of each energy input into the fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output, is at maximum at each instant. Whenever needed or at discretion, such system (1) is capable of functioning in accordance with only the First Law of Thermodynamics, economic data, Second Law of Thermodynamics or a composite function where each is taken into account at a specific weight, or another constraint.

[0032] The flow control unit (2) is the unit that delivers the optimum fluid flow rate with the command of the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1).

[0033] Measurement and data management unit (3) is the measurement, data transfer and management unit comprising of more than one instrumentation device. Depending on the system, the measurement and data management units measure all relevant systemic parameters as power input, environmental conditions, technical factors as equipment performances, losses and supply/demand inputs, temperature, pressure, flow rate and similar factor data electronically; and prepares and feeds essential commands into the relevant points

[0034] In the solar energy application of the invention, the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) allows coolant fluid in the power and/or heat generation system (S) to warm up only until a certain level of temperature with the goal of sufficing the low operating temperature necessities and the cooling needs of the PV cells heating under the sun, generating electric power preferably by preserving the design capacity. Current PV panel technology data indicate an average maximum temperature level of 75 C., however, such levels remain too high for systems where primary objective is to preserve the PV power production capacity. In order to maintain the PV capacity, the fluid supply temperature must be as low as possible. In that case, the output temperature of the fluid can generate a trace of exergy that can be used only as a pre-heating mechanism as is already mentioned in some product specifications.

[0035] Within the invention objective, a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O); the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) that constantly regulates the difference between inlet and outlet temperatures of circulating fluid, T (delta T), and controls the fluid flow rate of the flow control unit (2) in power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S), where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid process is/are involved. In the preferred application, the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) controls the variable-speed flow control unit (2). The optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1), works on the supply-demand temperature and flow rate constraints of the fluid that is at gas, liquid and/or in another phase. Hence, maximum level of net total efficiency/power/heat outputs are delivered due to the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1).

[0036] Within the invention objective, a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O); the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) supplies variable flow rate. In addition to maintaining the design capacity of the power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems, where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid is/are involved, rational utilization of resources as well as the maximum net total system output are endeavoured. The invention objective, a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O), the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) optimizes flow rate of the fluid that is in liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases based on supply-demand temperature, flow rate constraints, instant load profiles, solar irradiation in solar power generation systems, and environmental conditions.

[0037] Within the invention objective, a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O); the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1), with a baseline for total exergy maximization, ensures that the power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S), where liquid, gas, and/or one or more phases of fluid process is/are involved, operate optimally via supply of variable flow.

[0038] Within the invention objective, a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O), the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1), aims to optimize the net total exergy output as the objective function (For instance, Objective Function=Maximum Net Total Exergy Output). In solar energy systems, the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) calculates the objective function as the maximization of the difference between total exergy output of the power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production systems (S) and the total exergy consumed by the components of the production system (For instance, Objective Function=max (total exergy output generated by the power/heat production systemtotal exergy consumed)). Variables in aforementioned formulation are dependant on time, and all variables are related to the flow rate of the fluid. Hence, optmization in the invention is realized supersensitively as a fluid flow rate by a single point of control and is based on exergy. Pertaining to the invention, the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) performs the necessary calculations and determines instant optimum fluid flow rate while the flow control unit (2) controls the instant flow rates.

[0039] With the present invention objective, a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O); proceeding objectives are delivered as separate objectives each or all together at once or as a composite objective of selected portion of few;

[0040] maximum total power output or maximum net total power output, or maximum total heat output or maximum net total heat output, or maximum total power and heat output or maximum net total power and heat output, or maximum total power exergy output or maximum net total power exergy output, or maximum total heat exergy output or maximum net total heat exergy output, or maximum total exergy output or maximum net total exergy output, or maximum energy output or maximum net energy output, or maximum total power generation/consumption efficiency or maximum net total power generation/consumption efficiency, or maximum total heat generation/consumption efficiency or maximum net total heat generation/consumption efficiency, or maximum total power and heat generation/consumption efficiency or maximum net total power and heat generation/consumption efficiency, or maximum total production efficiency or maximum net total production efficiency, or maximum net total profit output in industrial production and/or heat generation, or maximum net total exergy and profit output in industrial production and/or heat generation, or maximum net total energy and profit output and/or obtainment of maximum contribution to carbon emission reduction by system efficiency optimization in industrial production and/or heat generation.

[0041] The invention objective is, with a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O), to ensure that efficiency in power and/or heat, industrial or all types of production system remains at maximum and does not fall into the negative domain.

[0042] Around such basic concepts, developing wide variety of applications for the invention objective a fluid flow control system comprising exergy-based optimal output (O) is possible; the invention, the optimization system sufficing exergy-based objective function (1) can not be limited to embodiments described herein, is essentially as specified within the claims.