POINT-OF-CARE HAND TREMOR DETECTION SYSTEM

Abstract

Design and development of an affordable, user-friendly, and portable POCT hand tremor detection device has been reported. This device is composed of a detection unit, a flexible pressure sensor, a signal processing unit, and a power supply. The detection unit is composed of the sensor and press-knob. The flexible pressure sensor is a combination of usually spaced apart flexible polymer preferably polydimethylsiloxane, flexible substrate preferably paper, and a conductive coating preferably reduced graphene oxide (RGO). When the users put pressure on the press-knob through the fingers, the flexible pressure sensor actuates and bends so that conductive RGO layers on the flexible substrates come in contact with each other to generate an output current. The electrical circuits in the signal processing unit are laid down in such a manner that the magnitude of this output current varies with the tremor between the fingers, which eventually converted into an electrical signal showing the variation in the hand tremor with time. The proposed POCT device is wirelessly connected to an android mobile application to measure the hand tremors for a longer period of time, display on the mobile interface, and store the data for future analysis of the neurological disorders. The proposed POCT device has the capability to detect the neurological disorders at the mature as well as at the early stages with the vision of control and prevention of these diseases.

Claims

1. A portable hand tremor detection system comprising a grasping means for holding by the user with a resiliently biased pressing unit to put pressure on it though fingers when the user holds the said grasping mean; a press sensitive sensor contained within said grasping means having operative communication with said resiliently biased pressing unit comprising: [[of]] flexible conductors, said flexible conductors maintained usually spaced apart in relaxed condition indicative of no sensor signal and in an actuated condition in contact with one another indicative of generation of hand tremor sensor signal, and an actuator means operatively connected to said flexible conductors for actuating the flexible conductors for said hand tremor based sensor signal generation upon vertical application of pressure on said resiliently biased pressing unit through the user's fingers; a processing unit for processing said hand tremor based sensor signal for detecting the level of hand tremor of the user; and a cooperative power source.

2. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 1, said grasping means including a hand tremor detection unit for holding by the user with said resiliently biased pressing unit including a press-knob on said hand tremor detection unit for receiving pressing force of the user; said flexible pressure sensor is contained within said hand tremor detection unit for sensing vertical pressure applied on said press-knob; and said processing unit is disposed in operative communication with said flexible paper based pressure sensor through a connecting wire and plug to receive output of the sensor and analyzes the same to determine the hand tremor level; and the portable hand tremor detection system further comprises LEDs on said detection unit and said processing unit for indicating their ON-OFF status.

3. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the flexible pressure sensor includes a pair of flexible conductive material coated polymer sheet selectively contained in the hand tremor detection unit such that application of the vertical pressure on the press-knob resiliently bends it.

4. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 3, wherein the pair of flexible conductive material coated polymer sheet includes two polymer sheets disposed in parallel configuration by a spacer; and conductive coatings on each polymer sheet side facing each other so that upon bending of the polymer sheets, wherein the conductive coating of each polymer sheet of the pair comes in contact to each-other, whereby said conductive coatings on the polymer sheets are disposed in operative communication a detection circuit of the processing unit through electrical circuit connector.

5. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the polymer sheets are made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the conductive coating includes reduced graphene oxide (RGO).

6. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the flexible pressure sensor bends in one direction upon application of the vertical pressure on the press-knob enabling the conductive coatings of the polymer sheets to come in contact with each other and act as an electrical resistor whereby output resistance of said electrical resistor varies with change in the contact area of said conductive coatings.

7. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 4, wherein the detection circuit is configured to track the change in the output electrical resistance and to generate an electronic signal for correlating with the hand tremor level of the user/person applying vertical pressure on the press-knob.

8. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claims claim 2, wherein the hand tremor detection unit includes a mechanical bias preferably a hump structure, to the flexible pressure sensor in order to slightly bent within housing of the hand tremor detection unit; an immovable support fixed with housing top of the detection unit; and a movable support attached with said immovable support under bias of a spring.

9. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 2, wherein the press knob is fixed on the movable support which is attached with housing top of the detection unit under bias of the spring and the immovable support to form the resiliently biased press sensitive sensor unit configured to be compressed under application of the vertical pressure on said press knob which resiliently bend the flexible pressure sensor further while on releasing or decreasing of the pressure, the press-knob moves towards its original position under bias of the spring which relax the flexible pressure sensor, whereby variation in the applied pressure on the press-knob due to hand tremor change bending amount of the flexible pressure sensor which also change the contact area of its conductive coatings resulting a change in the output electrical resistance of the flexible pressure sensor as an indication of the hand tremor.

10. The portable hand tremor detection system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the processing unit includes the detection circuit comprising passive resistors (R1) and flexible pressure sensor's contact area resistor (RS) biased with the supply voltage; an open source electronic development board preferably Arduino UNO; and a short distance communication device preferably Bluetooth module; wherein the detection circuit transmitted hand tremor indicating electronic signal includes the voltage across the flexible pressure sensor's contact area resistor (Rs) represented as, $\left(\frac{R_S}{R_S+R_1}\right)V_S,$ wherein, a change in the value of the RS cause a fluctuation of the voltage, whereby the detection circuit transmits the hand tremor indicating electronic signal to the Arduino UNO for converting it into a digital signal and the communication device forwards the digital signal to a connected display/computing device like mobile phone for further monitoring, processing and storing for future use and reference.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

[0045] FIG. 1 shows isometric view of the hand tremor detection system in accordance to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 2 shows sensor arrangement associated with the hand tremor detection system in accordance to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] FIG. 3 shows circuit and a typical response of the sensor associated with the hand tremor detection system in accordance to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] FIG. 4 shows integration of the sensor and cross-sectional view of the hand tremor detection system in accordance to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0049] FIG. 5 shows the change in resistance due to the variation in force applied to the hand tremor detection system in accordance to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0050] FIG. 6 shows the output of the sensor due to different level of tremor.

[0051] FIG. 7 shows the response of the sensor for four different patients.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION WITH REFERENCE TO THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS

[0052] As stated hereinbefore the present invention discloses a portable, point of care hand tremor detection system capable of detecting hand tremor to facilitate early diagnosis of a range of neurological disorders such as the multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's or Wilson's disease, among others.

[0053] The present system quantitatively evaluates frequency and magnitude of the hand tremor with the help of an electromechanical sensor arrangement. The present system, includes a grasping means for holding by user with a resiliently biased pressing unit to put pressure on it though fingers when the user holds the grasping means. The grasping means contains a press sensitive sensor having an operative communication with the resiliently biased pressing unit. The press sensitive sensor is configured to translate vertically applied pressure on the resiliently biased pressing unit through the user's fingers into an electronic signal. With the variation in the applied pressure on the pressing unit by the fingers during the hand tremor causes a change in the translated electronic signal which can be correlated in a connected processing unit with the hand tremor level of the user.

[0054] Reference is first invited from the accompanying FIG. 1, which shows a preferred embodiment of the present system. As shown in the FIG. 1, the present system basically includes a hand tremor detection unit, a flexible pressure sensor, a signal processing unit, and a power supply. The numeral 101 refers to the hand tremor detection unit [i.e. the grasping means] having a press-knob 102 [i.e. the resiliently biased pressing unit] on said hand tremor detection unit 101 which has to be pressed by the user for detection of the tremor. The hand tremor detection unit 101 contains the flexible pressure sensor which is disposed in operative communication with the peripheral signal processing unit 106 through a connecting wire 103 and plug 104.

[0055] The signal processing unit 106 contains a socket 107 for connecting with the plug 104 for establishing the operative communication with the flexible pressure sensor to receive output of the sensor and analyzes the same to determine the hand tremor level.

[0056] The detection unit 101 and processing unit 106 both contains LEDs 105 and 108 respectively which act as an ON-OFF indicator LEDs for the respective units. The number 109 refers to the ON-OFF switch.

[0057] Reference is now invited from the accompanying FIG. 2, which shows the flexible pressure sensor arrangement i.e. press sensitive sensor unit associated with the hand tremor detection system for sensing vertical pressure applied on the press-knob 102.

[0058] As shown in the figure, the sensor arrangement includes a pair of flexible conductive material coated polymer sheet (201, 202). The polymer sheets (201, 202) are disposed in parallel configuration with the help of spacer (205) and conductive coatings (203L, 203R) are made on each polymer sheet (201, 202) sides facing each other such that upon bending of the polymer sheets 201,202, the conductive coating of each polymer sheet of the pair comes in contact to each-other.

[0059] The polymer sheets 201, 202 are preferably made from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and the conductive coating preferably includes reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The conductive coating (203L, 203R) is disposed in operative communication with detection circuit (207) of the signal processing unit 106 through the electrical circuit connector (204).

[0060] The pair of flexible conductive material coated polymer sheet (201, 202) is selectively contained in the hand tremor detection unit 101 such that application of vertical pressure on the press-knob 102 bends the sensor arrangement (as shown in FIG. 2(b)).

[0061] Upon application of the vertical pressure on the press-knob 102, the polymer sheet pair (201, 202) bends in one direction enabling the conductive coating (203L, 203R) to come in contact with each other and act as an electrical resistor. Output resistance of the electrical resistor varies with the change in the contact area of the conductive coating (203L, 203R). This change in the output electrical resistance is tracked by the detection circuit (207) to generate the electronic signal which for correlating with the hand tremor level of the user/person applying vertical pressure on the press-knob 102. The electronic signal of the sensor goes to the signal processing unit 106 via the detection circuit 207 to measure and display the hand tremor levels.

[0062] Reference is next invited from the accompanying FIG. 3(A) which illustrates a preferred circuit representation of the signal processing unit 106 including the detection circuit 207. The detection circuit comprises a network of passive resistor comprising a supporting resistor (R.sub.1) and sensor's contact area resistor (R.sub.S) biased with the supply voltage. The output electronic signal i.e. the voltage across the network of the supporting resistor (R.sub.1) and the sensor's contact area resistor (R.sub.S) is transmitted to the signal processing unit 106 which comprises an open source electronic development board preferably Arduino UNO, a short distance communication device like Bluetooth module, and resistors R.sub.2, and R.sub.3. The resistance R.sub.1, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are calibrated according to the sensor (R.sub.S) response.

[0063] The output electronic signal from the detection circuit goes to the analog input pin A0 of the Arduino UNO. The signal is then transmitted by the Bluetooth module and is further received by the android mobile application which displays it on the mobile screen. Image (B) shows a typical display on the mobile interface of the current signal from the present system generated due to hand tremor.

[0064] To illustrate the working of the detection circuit, the following exemplary situation may be considered.

[0065] Considering the value of the supply voltage V.sub.S is 5 V and value of R.sub.1 is 10 k. The resistance of the sensor R.sub.S changes with the variation in pressure produced due to the tremor. For example, in a particular condition the value of the R.sub.s changed from say 15 k to 8 k due to the increase in surface area between the two conductive layers. Thus, the voltage across the sensor R.sub.S, [=(R.sub.S/(R.sub.S+R.sub.1))V.sub.S] changed from 3 V to 2.22 V. This fluctuation of the voltage goes to the analog input A0, as shown in the circuit diagram, of the Arduino UNO and gets converted to a digital signal which can be displayed in a mobile phone display via an app.

[0066] Reference is now invited from the accompanying FIG. 4 which shows the cross-sectional view of detection unit 101. As shown in the FIGS. 4(a) and (b), the press sensitive sensor unit i.e. the flexible pressure sensor 305 is contained with the detection unit 101 under a mechanical bias provided a hump structure 301. This bias makes sure that the sensor 305 will be bent always towards the left side of the detection unit 101 housing. A freely movable support 302 is provided on top of the housing of the detection unit 101 and the press knob 102 is fixed on the movable support 302. The whole arrangement of the movable support 302 and the press knob 102 is attached with the housing top of the detection unit 101 under bias of the spring 303 and an immovable support 304 forming the resiliently biased press sensitive sensor unit. The immovable support 304 is fixed with the housing top of the detection unit 101. The numbers 103 and 104 refers to the wire and the plug for connecting of the sensor 305 with the detection circuit 207.

[0067] When the press-knob 102 is pressed, the spring 303 gets compressed to put pressure on the sensor 305 to bend further leftwards while with the release of the pressure the spring helps the press-knob 102 to go back to its original position after relaxing the sensor 305. The leftward bend of the sensor 305 is already illustrated in the accompanying 2(b) and due to the variation in pressure on the press-knob due to hand tremor the leftward bending amount is varied causing a change in the output electrical resistance of the sensor 305 as an indication of the hand tremor.

[0068] A typical response of the present system is described in the accompanying FIG. 5. The plots (A) and (B) describe the change in resistance with the change in force. The response of the sensor for mild, moderate, and high hand tremor is described in plots (A), (B), and (C) of the accompanying FIG. 6.

[0069] In case of mild tremor, the (R/R.sub.0) magnitude is less than 0.2 value whereas few (R/R.sub.0) magnitude is beyond 0.2 in case of moderate tremor but in case of high tremor few (R/R.sub.0) magnitude went beyond 0.4. Thus, from the amplitude of change in resistance the hand tremor levels can be measured. In order to detect the early stages of the neurological disorder a continuous monitoring of hand tremor for a span of few weeks can be performed with the proposed POCT device. For the diseased state, neurologist can be consulted when the response is already beyond the threshold limit. The accompanying FIG. 7 shows the change in resistance with time t for four different neurological patients having hand tremor with the present hand tremor detection system. Here R.sub.0 refers to the base resistance of the sensor and R is the change in resistance.

[0070] It is well known that the tremor level of a patient is negligible and inconsistent at the early stage of the neurological disorders. Thus, a continuous and reliable detection of hand tremor for a prolonged duration is necessary to evaluate the early signs of the neurological disorders. However, modern life style does not allow the pathologically fit persons to spend time in the centralized testing centers or hospital for such a long period of time. Thus, to monitor continuously the very early stages of the neurological disorders it is essential to monitor them using some household devices. For this purpose, the processing unit of the present system includes the short distance communication device like Bluetooth module to transfer the measured data to a mobile interface. Further, with a specific android application the measured data can be monitored on the mobile phone itself and stored for future use and reference. In this process, measurements for longer duration can be performed for early detection of the neurological disorders.