Coiled capacitor

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a coiled capacitor comprising a coil formed by a flexible multilayered tape, and a first terminating electrode and a second terminating electrode which are located on butts of the coil. The flexible multilayered tape contains the following sequence of layers: first metal layer, a layer of a plastic, second metal layer, a layer of energy storage material. The first metal layer forms ohmic contact with the first terminating electrode and the second metal layer forms ohmic contact with the second terminating electrode. The energy storage material comprises material selected from the list comprising rylene fragments, doped oligoaniline and p-oligo-phenylene, supramolecular structures, colloidal composite with dispersion (suspension) of electro-conductive anisometric particles in an insulator matrix, material comprises a surfactant.

Claims

1. A coiled capacitor comprising a coil formed by a flexible multilayered tape, and a first terminating electrode and a second terminating electrode which are located on butts of the coil, wherein the flexible multilayered tape contains the following sequence of layers: first metal layer, a layer of a plastic, second metal layer, a layer of energy storage material, wherein the first metal layer forms ohmic contact with the first terminating electrode and the second metal layer forms ohmic contact with the second terminating electrode, and wherein the energy storage material comprises rylene fragments.

2. A coiled capacitor according to claim 1 further comprising a dielectric core around which the flexible multilayered tape is coiled.

3. A coiled capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the rylene fragments is at least one selected from the group consisting of structures 1-21: ##STR00063## ##STR00064## ##STR00065##

4. A coiled capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the energy storage material comprises a ceramic slurry, a sputtered thin film, or a molecularly ordered crystal.

5. A coiled capacitor according to claim 1, wherein the plastic is selected from the list comprising polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a thickness of the plastic layer cannot be less than 2 m.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c schematically show formation of sets of metal strips on top and bottom surfaces of the plastic layer.

(2) FIG. 2 shows a formation of the layer of the energy storage material on one of metalized surfaces of the plastic layer.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a slitting of the intermediate product onto the multilayered tapes.

(4) FIG. 4 shows a winding of the multilayered tape.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a formation of the first terminating electrode and a second terminating electrode.

(6) FIG. 6 shows a formation of two metal strips on top and bottom surfaces of the plastic layer according to the second embodiment.

(7) FIG. 7 shows a formation of the layer of the energy storage material.

(8) FIG. 8 shows a winding of the multilayered tape.

(9) FIG. 9 shows a formation of the first terminating electrode and a second terminating electrode.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(10) While various aspects of the present disclosure are shown and described herein, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that such aspects are provided by way of example only. Numerous variations, changes, and substitutions may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the invention. It should be understood that various alternatives to the aspects described herein may be employed.

(11) The present disclosure provides a coiled capacitor. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, the coiled capacitor further comprises a dielectric core around which the flexible multilayered tape is coiled. The energy storage material may be characterized by a dielectric constant greater than about 100 and a breakdown field E.sub.bd about greater than or equal to about 0.001 volts (V)/nanometer (nm). The dielectric constant may be greater than or equal to about 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 5000, 6000, 7000, 8000, 9000, 10,000, or 100,000. The breakdown field may be greater than about 0.01 V/nm, 0.05 V/nm, 0.1 V/nm, 0.2 V/nm, 0.3 V/nm, 0.4 V/nm, 0.5 V/nm, 1 V/nm, or 10 V/nm. By way of example, and not by way of limitation, the energy storage material may be characterized by a dielectric constant between about 100 and about 1,000,000 and a breakdown field E.sub.bd between about 0.01 V/nm and about 2.0 V/nm. By way of example, and not by way of limitation, the energy storage material may comprise rylene fragments. According to another aspect of the present disclosure, the rylene fragments may be selected from the list comprising structures 1-21 as given in Table 1.

(12) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Examples of the energy storage material comprising the rylene fragments: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 20 21

(13) In one example of a coiled capacitor in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the energy storage material is selected from the list comprising doped oligoaniline and p-oligo-phenylene. In another example of a coiled capacitor, the doped oligoaniline is self-doped oligoaniline with SO.sub.3 groups or COO groups on the phenyl rings of aniline. In still another embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the doped oligoaniline is mix-doped by organic structure-inorganic/organic acid mixed to oligoaniline in oxidized state, wherein the organic structure is selected from the list comprising alkyl, aryl and polymers thereof and the inorganic/organic acid is selected from the list comprising SO.sub.3H, COOH, HCl, H.sub.2SO.sub.4, H.sub.3PO.sub.4, HBF.sub.4, HPF.sub.6, benzoic acid and derivatives thereof. According to still another aspect of the present disclosure, the energy storage material may comprise a polymeric material soluble in organic solvents. In yet another embodiment of the present invention, the energy storage material comprises polymers soluble in organic solvents having a structure selected from the structures 22 to 27 as given in Table 2.

(14) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Examples of the energy storage material comprising the polymers soluble in organic solvents 22 23 24 25 26 27
wherein each R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is independently selected from alkyl, aryl, substituted alkyl, and substituted aryl. In another embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the energy storage material comprises a colloidal composite with a dispersion of electro-conductive anisometric particles in an insulator matrix. In still another example of a coiled capacitor, the electro-conductive anisometric particles comprise an electro-conductive oligomer. In yet another example of the coiled capacitor, the material of the insulator matrix is selected from the group consisting of poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP), poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene) [P(VDF-HFP)], ethylene propylene polymers, which include ethylene propylene rubber (EPR) and ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), and silicone rubber (PDMSO) such as dimethyldicloro siloxane, dimethylsilane diol, and polydimethyl siloxane, polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSS). In one embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the energy storage material comprises a surfactant selected from: dodecylbenzene sulfonate (DBSA), polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyoxypropylene glycol alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol octylphenol ethers, polyoxyethylene glycol sorbitan alkyl esters, sorbitan alkyl esters, and dobecyldimethylamine oxide.

(15) In another embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the energy storage material comprises ceramic slurries, sputtered thin films, and molecularly ordered crystals. As used herein the term molecularly ordered crystals refers to films assembled by cascade crystallization or films made from solutions comprising lyotropic liquid crystals. Examples of molecularly ordered crystals include, but are not limited to, energy storage molecular materials that are described, e.g., in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/719,072, filed May 21, 2015, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. By way of example, and not by way of limitation, a method for making molecularly ordered crystals from a colloidal system with supramolecular complexes may include the following steps: application of the colloidal system onto a substrate. The colloidal system typically possesses thixotropic properties, which are provided by maintaining a preset temperature and a certain concentration of the dispersed phase; external alignment upon the system, which can be produced using mechanical factors or by any other means, for example by applying an external electric field at normal or elevated temperature, with or without additional illumination, magnetic field, or optical field (e.g., coherent photovoltaic effect); the degree of the external alignment should be sufficient to impart necessary orientation to the kinetic units of the colloidal system and form a structure, which serves as a base of the crystal lattice of the crystal dielectric layer; and drying to remove solvents to form the final molecularly ordered crystal.

(16) In still another example of the coiled capacitor, the plastic is selected from the list comprising polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate polyester (PET), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). In yet another embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the thickness of the plastic layer cannot be less than 2 m. In still another embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the thickness of the plastic layer varies from 2.5 m to 52 m. In one example of the coiled capacitor, the plastic layer comprises polypropylene and the thickness of the plastic layer is equal to 12 m. In another example of the coiled capacitor, the material of the first metal layer and second metal layer independently selected from the list comprising Pt, Cu, Al, Ag, Au, Ni, and Al:Ni, and the metal foam. In still another example of the coiled capacitor, the thickness of the first and second contact layers independently varies from 10 nm to 1000 nm. In one embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the sheet resistance of the first and second contact layers independently cannot be less than 0.1 Ohm/Square. In another example of the coiled capacitor, the sheet resistance of the first and second contact layers independently varies from 0.1 Ohm/Square to 2.5 Ohm/Square. In yet another example of the coiled capacitor, the metal of the metal foam is selected from the list comprising Al, Ni, Fe, Cu. In one example of the coiled capacitor, the melting temperature of the metal foam is in the range 400 C-700 C. In another example of the coiled capacitor, the metal content in the metal foam for electrode is in the range of 5% up to 30% by weight. In still another example of the coiled capacitor, the metal foam is of closed bubble type with maximum conductance per metal content. In yet another example of the coiled capacitor, the size of bubbles is in the range of 100 nm up to 100 000 nm. In one example of the coiled capacitor, the material of the first terminating electrode and second terminating electrode independently selected from the list comprising Pt, Cu, Al, Ag, and Au. In another embodiment of the coiled capacitor, the first metal layer is deposited on a portion of a first surface of the plastic layer and this first surface has a first margin portion which is free of deposited metal, and wherein the second metal layer is deposited on a portion of a second surface of the plastic layer and this second surface has a second margin portion which is free of deposited metal and is located on an opposite edge of the plastic layer from the first margin portion.

(17) According to additional aspects of the present disclosure, the energy storage material may include supramolecules or stacks of molecules. Such supramolecules may be formed by self-assembling molecules that stack in rod like molecular structures. Examples of such structures include, but are not limited to, structures selected from the list comprising structures as given in Table 1 and also structures 28-62 as given in Table 3.

(18) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 additional examples of supramolecular structures in the energy storage material 28 29 0 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 0 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 0 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 0 60 61 62

(19) To form the energy storage material from such supramolecular structures, organic molecules may be modified using supramolecular chemistry and self-assembled in liquid to form lyotropic liquid crystals. The liquid containing the lyotropic liquid crystals is them coated onto a substrate and the liquid crystals align during coating. Liquid crystals then crystallize to form the energy storage material as the liquid dries.

(20) In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference is made to the following examples, which are intended to be illustrative of the invention, but are not intended to be limiting the scope.

EXAMPLES

Example 1

(21) The example schematically describes a sequence of technological operations for manufacturing of a coiled capacitor in accordance with an aspect of the present disclosure. This example represents one of possible methods of manufacturing of the disclosed coiled capacitor. FIGS. 1a, 1b and 1c show formation of metal strips (1) on top (2, FIG. 1b) and bottom (3, FIG. 1c) surfaces of the plastic layer (4). FIG. 1a shows the metal strips located on the top surface are displaced relatively of the metal strips located on the bottom surface. In this Example the width of the metal strip may vary within the range from 1 cm to 100 cm. The width is not limited by the specified range of values. Generally, the desired width is computed for each application. Various factors can influence size of the width, such as roll size, power, energy, etc. The large influence on the width can render prospective application of the disclosed coiled capacitor. The thickness of the metal strip may vary within the range from 0.01 m to 1 m. The distance between strips may change from 0.5 mm to 3 mm. The key feature of this example is the use of one plastic layer as a load-carrying substrate for all layers in the capacitor that are coated onto this plastic layer or supported by this plastic layer.

(22) Metal strips are formed onto opposite surfaces of the plastic layer so that margin portions which are free of deposited metal have been generated on each surface of the plastic layer and these margin portions are located on an opposite edge of the plastic layer. The following stage is formation of the layer of the energy storage material on one of metalized surfaces of the plastic layer shown in FIG. 2. This formation comprises two steps: first step is application of a solution of the energy storage material and second step comprises a drying the applied solution to form a solid layer of the energy storage material (5). The thickness of the layer of the energy storage material may vary within the range from 0.5 m to 50 m. Thus at this stage an intermediate product for the further formation of the coiled capacitor is formed. Then, a slitting of the intermediate product onto the multilayered tapes is made. The schematic view of the received multilayered tape is shown in the FIG. 3. FIG. 3 shows that the first metal layer (6) is deposited on a portion of a first surface of the plastic layer (7) and this first surface has a first margin portion (8) which is free of deposited metal, and wherein the second metal layer (9) is deposited on a portion of a second surface of the plastic layer (7) and this second surface has a second margin portion (10) which is free of deposited metal and is located on an opposite edge of the plastic layer from the first margin portion. Further a winding of the multilayered tape is carried out (see, FIG. 4). Then the first terminating electrode (a first contact layer) (11) and a second terminating electrode (a second contact layer) (12) located on butts of the coil are formed (see, FIG. 5). Finally, a healing is done by applying a precisely calibrated voltage across the first and second terminating electrodes of the coiled capacitor so that any existing defects will be burned away.

Example 2

(23) This example schematically describes another sequence of technological operations for manufacturing of the coiled capacitor. FIG. 6 shows formation of two metal strips (13) and (14) on top (15) and bottom (16) surfaces of a plastic layer (17). FIG. 6 shows the metal strip located on the top surface is displaced laterally relative to the metal strip located on the bottom surface. Thus, the first metal strip (13) is deposited on a portion of a first surface of the plastic layer (15) and this first surface has a first margin portion (18) which is free of deposited metal, and wherein the second metal strip (14) is deposited on a portion of a second surface of the plastic layer (16) and this second surface has a second margin portion (19) which is free of deposited metal and is located on an opposite edge of the plastic layer from the first margin portion. The thickness of the plastic layer varies from 2.5 m to 52 m. The width of a metal strip may vary within the range from 1 cm to 100 cm and its thickness may vary within the range from 0.01 m to 1 m. The plastic layer is used as a load-carrying substrate for all other layers in the capacitor that are coated onto this plastic layer or supported by this plastic layer.

(24) The following stage is formation of the layer of the energy storage material (20) on one of metalized surfaces of the plastic layer shown in FIG. 7. This formation comprises two steps: first step is application of solution of the energy storage material and second step comprises a drying to form a solid layer of the energy storage material (20). Thickness of the layer of the energy storage material may vary within the range from 0.5 m to 50 m. Further a winding of the multilayered tape into a roll is carried out (see, FIG. 8). Then the first terminating electrode (a first contact layer) (21) and a second terminating electrode (a second contact layer) (22) located on butts of the coil are formed (see, FIG. 9). Finally, a healing is done by applying a precisely calibrated voltage across the first and second terminating electrodes of the coiled capacitor so that any existing defects will be burned away.

(25) While the above is a complete description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to use various alternatives, modifications and equivalents. Therefore, the scope of the present invention should be determined not with reference to the above description but should, instead, be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with their full scope of equivalents. Any feature described herein, whether preferred or not, may be combined with any other feature described herein, whether preferred or not. In the claims that follow, the indefinite article A, or An refers to a quantity of one or more of the item following the article, except where expressly stated otherwise. As used herein, in a listing of elements in the alternative, the word or is used in the logical inclusive sense, e.g., X or Y covers X alone, Y alone, or both X and Y together, except where expressly stated otherwise. Two or more elements listed as alternatives may be combined together. The appended claims are not to be interpreted as including means-plus-function limitations, unless such a limitation is explicitly recited in a given claim using the phrase means for.