Electric machine with variable motor constants

Abstract

An electrical machine includes a stator and a rotor rotatably mounted in the stator. A spindle is guided through the electrical machine. At least one magnetic flux-conductive assembly which can be introduced into the electrical machine is provided. The magnetic flux-conductive assembly is disposed on the spindle in a linearly displaceable manner in order to vary a motor constant of the electrical machine as a result of a displacement into the electrical machine.

Claims

1. An actuator comprising an electrical machine, the electrical machine comprising: a stator; a rotor rotatably mounted in the stator; a spindle extending through the electrical machine; and, at least one magnetic flux-conductive assembly disposed on the spindle in a linearly displaceable manner, wherein a motor constant of the electrical machine varies as a result of a displacement of the magnetic flux-conductive assembly into the electrical machine.

2. The actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux-conductive assembly is configured to be displaced relative to the electrical machine as a result of a rotation of the spindle.

3. The electrical actuator as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a mechanical coupling for displacing the magnetic flux-conductive assembly.

4. The actuator as claimed in claim 2 further comprising a spindle nut disposed on the spindle in a linearly displaceable manner.

5. The actuator as claimed in claim 2 wherein the magnetic flux-conductive assembly is a sleeve or a flux return path plate.

6. The actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the magnetic flux-conductive assembly comprises a cylindrical body that is displaceable along: an inner lateral face of the rotor; or, an outer lateral face of the stator.

7. The actuator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the actuator is selected from the group consisting of a coupling actuator, a hydrostatic coupling actuator and an electrical central release device.

8. A method for varying the motor constant of the electrical machine of the actuator claimed in claim 1, comprising rotating the spindle and linearly displacing the magnetic flux-conductive assembly into the electrical machine during an operation of the electrical machine.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The present disclosure will now be described by way of example with reference to figures. In the figures:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an electrical machine,

(3) FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a first electrical machine,

(4) FIG. 3 shows a section A-A from FIG. 2,

(5) FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a second electrical machine,

(6) FIG. 5 shows a section B-B from FIG. 4,

(7) FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of an actuator comprising an electrical machine from FIG. 2,

(8) FIG. 7a shows a schematic view from FIG. 2 having a flux guide plate in a first position,

(9) FIG. 7b shows a rotational speed-torque characteristic curve for FIG. 7a,

(10) FIG. 7c shows an actuating travel-actuating force characteristic curve for FIG. 7a,

(11) FIG. 8a shows yet another schematic view having a flux guide plate in a second position,

(12) FIG. 8b shows a rotational speed-torque characteristic curve for FIG. 8a,

(13) FIG. 8c shows an actuating travel-actuating force characteristic curve for FIG. 8a,

(14) FIG. 9a shows yet another schematic view having a flux guide plate in a third position,

(15) FIG. 9b shows a rotational speed-torque characteristic curve for FIG. 9a, and

(16) FIG. 9c shows an actuating travel-actuating force characteristic curve for FIG. 9a.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(17) FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an electrical machine.

(18) The electrical machine 2 is in the form of a permanent magnet-excited electrical motor having a radial design. The electrical machine 2 comprises a stator 3 and a rotor 4 which is rotatably mounted in the stator 3 and is designed to be rotatable in a direction D. Coils 5 are provided radially on the stator 3. Permanent magnets 6 are provided radially on the rotor 4.

(19) In the case of the electrical machine 2, a simple flux return path plate 7 is provided on the rotor 4. The flux return path plate 7 has a narrow design, which results in a high leakage flux within the electrical machine 2. A motor constant is therefore reduced.

(20) The low motor constant provides for a low maximum torque and a high maximum rotational speed.

(21) FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a first electrical machine.

(22) The electrical machine 2 comprises a spindle 12 which is guided through the electrical machine 2. Furthermore, a magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 which can be introduced into the electrical machine 2 is provided. The magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 is disposed on the spindle 12 so as to be linearly displaceable in an axial direction by means of mechanical couplings 11. The magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 comprises a cylindrical body and is designed as an additional flux return path plate in the form of a sleeve. Furthermore, a spindle nut 13 is provided, which is also disposed on the spindle 12 so as to be linearly displaceable in an axial direction. The spindle nut may be in the form of a planetary rolling gear.

(23) As a result of the linear displacement of the spindle nut 13, the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 can be displaced in the direction of the electrical machine 2. The magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 has been partially inserted into the electrical machine 2. In this case, the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 is inserted into the electrical machine 2 along an inner lateral face 9 of the rotor 4. For this purpose, the spindle nut 13 has been displaced on the spindle 12 toward the right in the plane of the sheet.

(24) A motor constant of the electrical machine 2 can therefore be varied in an easy way.

(25) FIG. 3 shows a section A-A from FIG. 2.

(26) The electrical machine 2 is in the form of a permanent magnet-excited electrical motor having a radial design. The electrical machine 2 comprises a stator 3 and a rotor 4 which is rotatably mounted in the stator 3 and is designed to be rotatable in a direction D. Coils 5 are provided radially on the stator 3. Magnets 6 are provided radially on the rotor 4. In the case of the electrical machine 2, a simple flux return path plate 7 is provided on the rotor 4.

(27) In contrast to FIG. 1, the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 which can be introduced into the electrical machine 2 is provided, wherein the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 is disposed on the spindle 12 in a linearly displaceable manner in order to vary a motor constant of the electrical machine 1 as a result of a displacement.

(28) The magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 is disposed, in this case, so as to be displaceable along the inner lateral face 9 of the rotor 4.

(29) By providing the electrical machine with the magnetic flux-conductive assembly, a first possibility is provided for achieving a change in the motor constant of the electrical machine.

(30) In this case, the magnetic flux-conductive assembly is displaced into the electrical machine, wherein a rotary motion of the electrical machine effectuates a change in the motor constant which induces an optimal machine behavior depending on the load to be driven.

(31) FIG. 4 shows a schematic view of a second electrical machine.

(32) The electrical machine 2 comprises a spindle 12 which is guided through the electrical machine 2. Furthermore, a magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 which can be introduced into the electrical machine 2 is provided. The magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 is disposed on the spindle 12 so as to be linearly displaceable in an axial direction by means of mechanical couplings 11. The magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 comprises a cylindrical body and is designed as an additional flux return path plate in the form of a sleeve. Furthermore, a spindle nut 13 is provided, which is also disposed on the spindle 12 so as to be linearly displaceable in an axial direction. The spindle nut may be in the form of a planetary rolling gear.

(33) As a result of the linear displacement of the spindle nut 13, the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 can be displaced in the direction of the electrical machine 2. The magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 has been partially inserted into the electrical machine 2. In contrast to FIG. 2, the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 is inserted into the electrical machine 2 along an outer lateral face of the stator 3. For this purpose, the spindle nut 13 has been displaced on the spindle 12 toward the right in the plane of the sheet.

(34) A variant of FIG. 2 for varying a motor constant of the electrical machine in a simple way is therefore provided.

(35) FIG. 5 shows a section B-B from FIG. 4.

(36) In contrast to FIG. 3, the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 has not been inserted along the inner lateral face 9 of the stator 3, but rather along the outer lateral face 10 of the rotor 4.

(37) By providing the electrical machine with the magnetic flux-conductive assembly, a second possibility is provided for achieving a change in the motor constant of the electrical machine. The effect can be amplified by way of a flux-conductive element being simultaneously introduced in the rotor and around the stator.

(38) FIG. 6 shows a schematic view of an actuator comprising an electrical machine from FIG. 2.

(39) The actuator 1 is in the form of a hydrostatic coupling actuator. The actuator 1 comprises the electrical machine 2 from FIG. 2. The electrical machine 2 comprises an electronics system 14 and a linear sensor 15.

(40) The linear sensor 15 is controlled by way of an actuation of the electronics system 14. For this purpose, a power supply is made available via an on-board electrical system 16. The linear sensor 15 is configured for detecting a linear displacement of the spindle nut 13. The linear displacement of the spindle nut 13 results in the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 being displaced toward the right, in the plane of the sheet, in the direction of the electrical machine 2.

(41) The actuator 1 further comprises a master cylinder 21 including a primary piston 20, a slave cylinder 23, and a release bearing 24. The primary piston 20 is connected to the spindle nut 13. The master cylinder 21 is connected via a hydraulic system 22 to the slave cylinder 23 which, in turn, has been brought into contact with the release bearing including coupling 24.

(42) The linear displacement of the spindle nut 13 results, on the one hand, in the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 being displaced toward the right, in the plane of the sheet, in the direction of the electrical machine 2. A motor constant of the electrical machine 2 can therefore be varied in an easy way.

(43) On the other hand, the primary piston 20 also undergoes a linear displacement in the master cylinder 21. As a result, an actuation of the slave cylinder 23 is initiated, which actuates the release bearing including coupling 24.

(44) FIG. 7a shows a schematic view from FIG. 2 having a flux guide plate in a first position, FIG. 7b shows a rotational speed-torque characteristic curve of the electric motor for FIG. 7a, and FIG. 7c shows an actuating travel-actuating force characteristic curve of the spindle for FIG. 7a.

(45) The actuator 1 requires a high maximum rotational speed, since merely a low load occurs at the working point 30 on the rotational speed-torque characteristic curve and, therefore, the working point 30 of the electrical machine 2 is located close to the maximum rotational speed 31.

(46) FIG. 8a shows yet another schematic view having a flux guide plate in a second position, FIG. 8b shows a rotational speed-torque characteristic curve of the electric motor for FIG. 8a, and FIG. 8c shows an actuating travel-actuating force characteristic curve of the spindle for FIG. 8a.

(47) As a result of the displacement of the spindle nut 13 on the spindle 12, the additional flux guide plate 8 is displaced in the direction of the electrical machine 2 and is partially introduced therein. The motor constant of the electrical machine 2 is increased as a result.

(48) FIG. 9a shows yet another schematic view having a flux guide plate in a third position, FIG. 9b shows a rotational speed-torque characteristic curve of the electric motor for FIG. 9a, and FIG. 9c shows an actuating travel-actuating force characteristic curve of the spindle for FIG. 9a.

(49) The flux guide plate 8 has been introduced entirely into the electrical machine 2. This results in a high load torque having the greatest force. The working point 30 has been displaced into a range of lower rotational speeds and into the range of its maximum torque.

(50) In summary, it can be said with respect to FIGS. 7a to 9c that the further the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 is inserted into the electrical machine 2, the higher the motor constant is.

(51) When a magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 has been slid entirely into the electrical machine 2, a high maximum torque in combination with a low maximum rotational speed can be achieved.

(52) If the magnetic flux-conductive assembly 8 has not been slid into the electrical machine 2, the motor constant is low. In this case, a low maximum torque in combination with a high maximum rotational speed can be achieved.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

(53) 1 actuator 2 electrical machine 3 stator 4 rotor 5 coil 6 magnet 7 simple flux return path plate 8 magnetic flux-conductive assembly 9 inner lateral face 10 outer lateral face 11 coupling 12 spindle 13 planetary rolling gear 14 electronics system 15 linear sensor 16 on-board electrical system 20 primary piston 21 master cylinder 22 slave cylinder 23 hydraulic system 24 release bearing including coupling 30 working point 31 maximum torque due to current limitation D direction of rotation