Abstract
A device for managing a sample to be analyzed comprises magnetizing equipment (302) for producing magnetic field capable of interacting, when the sample is moving to or located in a sample well, with magnetically amplifying material attached to the sample, where the magnetically amplifying material has relative magnetic permeability constant greater than one. With the aid of the magnetizing element the movement of the sample to the sample well and/or the position of the sample in the sample well can be monitored and/or controlled. The device can be, for example but not necessarily, an instrument for dispensing samples to sample wells or an optical measurement instrument.
Claims
1. A system for measuring a liquid in a sample well, the system comprising: a support that includes a plate comprising one or more sample wells, the one or more sample wells containing at least a piece of a solid sample carrier, and said piece of the solid sample carrier comprising a sample to be measured and particles having a magnetic permeability constant greater than one, the one or more sample wells containing a liquid in which the sample to be measured has dissolved from the solid sample carrier; magnetizing equipment configured to produce a magnetic field that interacts with the particles to move the solid sample carrier inside the one or more sample wells; a light source configured to direct light towards the liquid contained in a sample well of the one or more sample wells; and a light detector that measures the light emitted from the liquid contained in the sample well, wherein the plate, the magnetizing equipment, the light source, and the light detector are configured such that when the magnetizing equipment produces the magnetic field in a region of at least one of a bottom of the sample well or a side wall of the sample well, the produced magnetic field draws the piece of the solid sample carrier to the region of at least one of the bottom of the sample well or the side wall of the sample well, so as to cause the light detector to receive and measure light emitted from the liquid in the sample well resulting from illumination of the liquid in the sample well by the light source.
2. The system of claim 1, wherein the magnetizing equipment further comprises magnet material.
3. The system of claim 1, wherein the magnetizing equipment further comprises a coil connected to a source of electrical current.
4. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample comprises blood.
5. The system of claim 1, wherein the sample comprises a dried blood spot.
6. The system of claim 1, wherein the particles comprise ferromagnetic material.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the particles comprise paramagnetic material.
8. The system of claim 1, wherein the particles comprise poly-vinyl-alcohol particles containing magnetite.
9. The system of claim 1, wherein the particles comprise a magnetically amplifying material.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES
(1) The exemplifying embodiments of the invention and their advantages are explained in greater detail below in the sense of examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
(2) FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention,
(3) FIG. 2a shows a schematic side view of a device according to another exemplifying embodiment of the invention,
(4) FIG. 2b shows a solid sample carrier according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention,
(5) FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention,
(6) FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention,
(7) FIG. 5 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention, and
(8) FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention for managing a sample to be analyzed.
DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLIFYING EMBODIMENTS
(9) FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. In this exemplifying case, the device is an instrument for dispensing samples to sample wells. The device comprises a support element 101 for supporting a sample well element 112, e.g. a microtitration plate, comprising one or more sample wells. In FIG. 1, the sample well element 112 is presented as a section view. The device comprises a dispensing element 103 for dispensing a sample, and the support element 101 is configured to support the sample well element 112 so that an appropriate sample well is able to receive the sample from the dispensing element 103. In the exemplifying case illustrated in FIG. 1, the dispensing element 103 comprises a pipette for dispensing liquid sample carrier. The dispensed quantity 120 of the liquid sample carrier contains the sample to be analyzed. The liquid sample carrier is a colloid with dispersed phase particles comprising magnetically amplifying material that has relative magnetic permeability constant greater than one, i.e. .sub.r>1. The particles can be, for example, polyvinyl-alcohol PVA particles containing magnetite. The PVA particles containing magnetite are colloidally stable and chemically inert. In FIG. 1, the dispensed quantity 120 of the liquid sample carrier containing the sample to be analyzed is presented as a drop.
(10) The device comprises magnetizing equipment 102 for producing magnetic field 130 capable of interacting with the magnetically amplifying material attached to the sample. When the sample is moving from the dispensing element 103 to the sample well, the magnetically amplifying material attached to the sample causes a change in the magnetic field. The device further comprises a sensor 106 for detecting the change in the magnetic field so as to monitor whether the sample is correctly moved to the sample well. In the exemplifying case shown in FIG. 1, the magnetizing equipment 102 is a piece of permanent magnet material but it is also possible that the magnetizing equipment comprises a coil connected to a source of electrical current. The sensor 106 comprises a coil for producing a signal indicative of changes in the magnetic field and a processor 113 for processing the signal into a form suitable for further use.
(11) FIG. 2a shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. The device is an instrument for dispensing samples to sample wells. The device comprises a support element 201 for supporting a sample well element 212 comprising sample wells. In FIG. 2a, the sample well element 212 is presented as a section view. It is to be noted that the sample well element 212 is not necessarily an integral part of the device because the sample well element is a replaceable component and devices of the kind described here can be delivered to laboratories etc. without sample well elements and the sample well elements can be delivered by different vendors. The device comprises a dispensing element 203 for dispensing a sample, and the support element 201 is configured to support the sample well element 212 so that an appropriate sample well is able to receive the sample from the dispensing element 203. In the exemplifying case illustrated in FIG. 2a, the dispensing element 203 comprises a cutting element for cutting off a piece from a solid sample carrier 210 that is a solid sample carrier according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. The solid sample carrier 210 is suitable for collecting samples of material to be analyzed, e.g. blood of a newborn baby. The cutting element comprises a punch 204 and a die 205 provided with a channel for the punch. The punch is arranged to cut off the piece from the solid sample carrier 210 with a stroke through the solid sample carrier. It is also possible that the cutting element comprises a cutting instrument for producing a point-form cut on the solid sample carrier and equipment for directing the cutting instrument so that cutting impact produced by the cutting instrument is moved along the outer periphery of the piece so as to cut off the piece. The above-mentioned cutting instrument can be, for example, a laser beam cutter or a liquid, e.g. water, jet cutter.
(12) FIG. 2b illustrates the solid sample carrier 210 by showing a view seen along the arrow B presented in FIG. 2a. The solid sample carrier comprises a body 211 capable of carrying the sample material to be analyzed. The body can be, for example, a sheet of paper or some other suitable, and preferably porous, material which is able to carry the sample material to be analyzed. Blotches 221, 222, 223 and 224, shown in FIG. 2b, on the solid sample carrier 210 are the regions of the solid sample carrier into which the sample material has been impregnated. Pieces are cut off from the regions of the solid sample carrier into which the sample material has been impregnated. For example, the piece 220 shown in FIG. 2a has been cut off from the region 223 shown in FIG. 2b. The region 223 has a hole 225 on the place from which the piece 220 has been cut off. After cutting, the detached piece 220 is conveyed, i.e. dropped in this case, for further analysis to a sample well of the sample well element 212 shown in FIG. 2a. The solid sample carrier 210 may comprise a machine-readable identifier 226 that may contain, for example, information about the donor of the sample material, information about the time and place of taking the sample, and/or other appropriate information.
(13) The solid sample carrier 210 comprises magnetically amplifying material combined with the body 211. In a solid sample carrier according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention, the body 211 is a sheet of paper that comprises magnetically amplifying particles, e.g. iron, magnetite, or ferrite particles, among fibers of the paper. The paper can be provided with the magnetically amplifying particles, for example, during manufacture of the paper. A solid sample carrier according to another exemplifying embodiment of the invention comprises, on the reverse surface of the body 211, a layer containing magnetically amplifying material. The layer can be, for example, a layer of magnetically amplifying paint or a layer of magnetically amplifying particles functionalized with e.g. isocyanate that is able to combine with cellulose covalently. A solid sample carrier according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention comprises a layer of plastic between the body and the layer containing the magnetically amplifying material.
(14) The device illustrated in FIG. 2a comprises magnetizing equipment 202 for producing magnetic field capable of interacting with the magnetically amplifying material attached to the piece 220. When the piece is moving from the dispensing element 203 to the sample well, the magnetically amplifying material attached to the piece causes a change in the magnetic field. The device further comprises a sensor 206 for detecting the change in the magnetic field so as to monitor whether the piece 220 is correctly moved to the sample well. The sensor 206 comprises a coil for producing a signal indicative of changes in the magnetic field and a processor 213 for processing the signal into a form suitable for further use.
(15) FIG. 3 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. The device comprises a support element 301 for supporting a sample well element 312 comprising sample wells. In FIG. 3, the sample well element 312 is presented as a section view. In the situation shown in FIG. 3, each sample well contains a piece that has been cut off from a solid sample carrier and that has been impregnated with sample material to be analyzed, e.g. blood. Furthermore, the piece contains magnetically amplifying material. The device is configured to add, to each sample well, liquid which dissolves the sample material or certain components of the sample material from the piece. The device comprises a liquid dispenser 307 for adding the liquid to each sample well. Furthermore, the device comprises magnetizing equipment 302 arranged to produce magnetic field on the vicinity of the bottom of an appropriate sample well so that the magnetic field is capable of drawing the piece to the bottom of the sample well when the liquid is added to the sample well. Thus, it can be ensured that the piece does not get floating on the surface of the liquid and that the piece is relevantly surrounded by the liquid.
(16) FIG. 4 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. In this exemplifying case, the device is an optical measurement instrument. The device comprises a support element 401 for supporting a sample well element 412, e.g. a microtitration plate, comprising sample wells. In FIG. 4, the sample well element 412 is presented as a section view. In the situation shown in FIG. 4, each sample well contains a piece that has been cut off from a solid sample carrier and that has been impregnated with sample material to be analyzed, e.g. blood. Furthermore, the piece contains magnetically amplifying material. In addition to the piece, each sample well contains liquid which has dissolved the sample material or certain components of the sample material from the piece. The device further comprises a light source 408 for directing excitation light to the liquid contained by a sample well and a detector 409 for measuring light emitted by the liquid contained by the sample well. The device comprises magnetizing equipment 402 arranged to produce magnetic field on the vicinity of the bottom of the sample well so that the magnetic field is capable of drawing the piece to the bottom of the sample well when the light emitted by the liquid contained by the sample well is measured. Thus, it can be ensured that the piece does not disturb the optical measurement.
(17) FIG. 5 shows a schematic side view of a device according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention. In this exemplifying case, the device is an optical measurement instrument. The device comprises a support element 501 for supporting a sample well element 512, e.g. a microtitration plate, comprising sample wells. In FIG. 5, the sample well element 512 is presented as a section view. In the situation shown in FIG. 5, each sample well contains a piece that has been cut off from a solid sample carrier and that has been impregnated with sample material to be analyzed. Furthermore, the piece contains magnetically amplifying material. In addition to the piece, each sample well contains liquid which has dissolved the sample material or certain components of the sample material from the piece. The device further comprises a light source 508 for directing light to the liquid contained by a sample well and a detector 509 for measuring light generated by the light source and penetrated the liquid contained by the sample well. The sample well element 512 is assumed to be made of material that is sufficiently transparent for the light generated by the light source 508. The device comprises magnetizing equipment 502 arranged to produce magnetic field on the vicinity of a side wall of the sample well so that the magnetic field is capable of drawing the piece to the side wall of the sample well when the light penetrating the liquid contained by the sample well is measured. Thus, it can be ensured that the piece does not disturb the optical measurement.
(18) FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of a method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention for managing a sample to be analyzed. The method comprises the following actions:
(19) action 601: producing magnetic field capable of interacting with magnetically amplifying material attached to the sample, the magnetically amplifying material having relative magnetic permeability constant greater than one, and action 602: managing the sample with the aid of the magnetic field when the sample is moving to or located in a sample well.
(20) A method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention comprises dispensing the sample, and subsequently, the sample is conveyed to the sample well. The magnetic field is directed to a route of the sample to the sample well, and a change caused in the magnetic field by the magnetically amplifying material attached to the sample moving to the sample well is detected so as to monitor whether the sample is correctly moved to the sample well.
(21) In a method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention, the dispensing the sample comprises pipetting liquid sample carrier which is a colloid with dispersed phase particles comprising magnetically amplifying material. In this case, the dispensed quantity of the liquid sample carrier contains the sample to be analyzed. The above-mentioned particles can be, for example, poly-vinyl-alcohol PVA particles containing magnetite.
(22) In a method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention, the dispensing the sample comprises cutting off a piece from a solid sample carrier containing magnetically amplifying material. In this case the piece carries the sample to be analyzed.
(23) A method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention comprises adding liquid to the sample well and producing magnetic field on the vicinity of the bottom of the sample well so that the magnetic field draws a piece detached from a solid sample carrier containing magnetically amplifying material to the bottom of the sample well when the liquid is added to the sample well.
(24) A method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention comprises directing excitation light to liquid contained by the sample well, measuring light emitted by the liquid contained by the sample well, and producing magnetic field on the vicinity of the bottom of the sample well so that the magnetic field draws a piece detached from a solid sample carrier containing magnetically amplifying material to the bottom of the sample well when the light emitted by the liquid contained by the sample well is measured.
(25) A method according to an exemplifying embodiment of the invention comprises directing light to liquid contained by the sample well, measuring light penetrated the liquid contained by the sample well, and producing magnetic field on the vicinity of a side wall of the sample well so that the magnetic field draws a piece detached from a solid sample carrier containing magnetically amplifying material to the side wall of the sample well when the light penetrating the liquid contained by the sample well is measured.
(26) The specific examples provided in the description given above should not be construed as limiting. Therefore, the invention is not limited merely to the exemplifying embodiments described above.
