A METHOD OF IDENTIFICATION OF A TAG ON A MOVING ITEM

Abstract

A method and system for identification of an item is provided, wherein the system includes a conveyor belt, a positioning device and a reader operable to receive at least one reading at at least one first antenna from at least one tag attached to the item, the first antenna being adapted to be arranged at a read point along the conveyor belt, wherein the positioning device is configured to retrieve a first position of the item at a first time instant before the first antenna and a second position of the item at a second time instant after the first antenna, the first and second time instants defining a time window, wherein the reader is configured to extract from each reading retrieved by the first antenna a measurement (6) of the phase of the signal transmitted by the tag (5) and perform a data processing of the phase measurements whereby the identification of the item (2) is accomplished.

Claims

1-10 (canceled)

11. A method of identification of an item in a system, the system comprising a conveyor belt, a reader comprising a first antenna, the first antenna being arranged at a read point along the conveyor belt and configured for receiving a signal transmitted from a tag, the reader being operable to receive at least one reading from the tag via the first antenna; wherein the reader is configured to extract from each reading retrieved by the first antenna a measurement of the phase of the signal transmitted by the tag; a conveyor belt controller configured to retrieve a first position of the item at a first time instant t.sub.1 before the first antenna and a second position of the item at a second time instant t.sub.2 after the first antenna, the first and second time instants t.sub.1, t.sub.2 defining a time window W, wherein the method comprises: placing an item on the conveyor belt; by the conveyor belt controller retrieving a first position of the item on the conveyor at the first time instant t.sub.1 before the read point of the first antenna and a second position of the item on the conveyor at the second time instant t.sub.2 after the read point of the first antenna, the first and second time instants t.sub.1, t.sub.2 defining a time window W; by the reader receiving readings from the tag via the first antenna; by the reader extracting, from each reading, a measurement of the phase of the signal transmitted by the tag; by the reader or by a local server performing a data processing of the phase measurements, which data processing comprises constructing a phase curve from the phase measurements, the phase curve expressing the signal phase in dependence of time, and determining a global maximum on the phase curve; and by the reader associating the tag to the item if the global maximum lies within the time window W whereby the identification of the item is accomplished.

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises constructing the phase curve by detecting period roll overs of the phase measurements and adding period fragments.

13. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises comparing the speed related to consecutive constructed phase measurements to the speed of the conveyor belt and accordingly filtering out constructed phase measurements not matching the movement pattern of the item.

14. The system according to claim 11, wherein the method further comprises verifying the global maximum by defining an interval along the constructed phase curve around the global maximum, calculating a decline before and after the global maximum, and comparing the calculated declines to a threshold.

15. The method according to claim 11, wherein the reader further comprises at least one second antenna placed underneath an upper surface of the conveyor belt at the read point, wherein the method further comprises associating the tag to the item if at least one reading for the tag has been retrieved by the reader from the second antenna within the time window W.

16. The method according to claim 11, wherein the reader further comprises at least one second antenna placed underneath an upper surface of the conveyor belt, the second antenna being displaced from the read point; wherein the method further comprises determining a time offset, the time offset corresponding to the time it takes for the conveyor belt to convey an item on the conveyor belt from the first antenna to the second antenna; determining a further time window that is offset by the time offset; by the reader associating the tag to the item if at least one reading has been retrieved from the second antenna for the tag within the further time window.

17. The method according to claim 11, wherein the tag is an RFID tag, and the first antenna is an RFID antenna, and wherein the method comprises transmitting signals by the tag and reading the signals by the antenna.

18. The method according to claim 11, wherein the method comprises providing a reading that comprises a timestamp for receipt of the signal from the tag, a signal strength indicator (RSSI) for the signal, the signal phase value of the signal, and information about a communication channel for the signal.

19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the method comprises providing a signal strength threshold and discarding phase measurements when a received signal has a strength under the signal strength threshold.

20. The method according to claim 11, wherein the item is a suitcase, or a bag, or a package, and the method comprises identifying the item in an airport.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION

[0035] Some of the embodiments will be described in detail, with reference to the following figures, wherein like designations denote like members, wherein:

[0036] FIG. 1: depicts a top view of a Conveyor belt reader;

[0037] FIG. 2: depicts a snapshot of phase measurements plotted against time for the first antenna;

[0038] FIG. 3: depicts a snapshot of two reconstructed phase curves; and

[0039] FIG. 4: is a method of item identification according to embodiments of the invention.

NOTATIONS

[0040] 1: Conveyor belt reader. [0041] 2: Item. [0042] 3: Conveyor belt. [0043] 3′: Upper surface of the conveyor belt. [0044] 4: Read point. [0045] 4′: Topside of the read point. [0046] 5: Tag. [0047] 6: Measurement. [0048] 7: Phase curve. [0049] 8: Global maximum. [0050] 9: First antenna. [0051] 10: Coverage of the first antenna. [0052] t.sub.1: First time instant. [0053] t.sub.2: Second time instant. [0054] W: Time window.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] FIG. 1 shows an advantageous embodiment of a system 1 for identification of an item 2 in the form of a conveyor belt reader 1 in an airport. Note, however, that the system 1 of the invention is not limited to be used as a conveyor belt reader 1 within airport premises, but can also be used for other applications such as in a postal distribution central or a retail distribution center for sorting packages.

[0056] A suitcase 2 is transported on a conveyor belt 3, which runs through a read point 4 in the direction of the arrow. The conveyor belt 3 has an RFID antenna (the second antenna) of an RFID reader placed underneath its upper surface 3′ (not shown in FIG. 1) and the read point 4 has an RFID antenna 9 (the first antenna 9) of the RFID reader placed underneath its topside 4′. The first antenna 9 retrieves readings within its coverage 10, in particular from an RFID tag attached to the suitcase 2 (not shown in FIG. 1).

[0057] The printer at the check-in codes the relevant information in the RFID tag, which is printed together and embedded in the bag tag 5 to apply to the suitcase 2. The 10 digits code, which is encoded in the barcode on the bag tag 5, is also encoded in the RFID tag via the RFID antenna at the printer.

[0058] A PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) is a low level controller, which makes the conveyor belt 3 run/stop and which tracks the bags 5 by means of photocells positioned along the conveyor belt 3.

[0059] The conveyor belt controller knows the first time instant t.sub.1 when the suitcase 2 is at a first check-point before the read point 4 (e.g., it may be where a first photocell of the PLC is placed or where the PLC expected the suitcase 2 to be at that time instant) and the second time instant t.sub.2 when the suitcase 2 is at a second check-point after the read point 4 (e.g., it may be where a second photocell of the PLC is placed or where the PLC expected the suitcase 2 to be at that time instant). For example, the first and second check-points may be around 1 m before and after the read point 4 (i.e., before and after both the first and second antennas). When the suitcase 2 has run through the read point 4, the conveyor belt controller may inform the reader that at the first time instant t.sub.1 the suitcase 2 was at the first check-point and at the second time instant t.sub.2 the suitcase 2 was at the second check-point.

[0060] The exemplary identification method 100 (ref. FIG. 4) carried out in this embodiment mainly comprises two steps. First, it is checked whether there is at least one reading from the second antenna falling within the time window W, which is defined by the time interval between t.sub.1 and t.sub.2. If so, it is concluded that the bag tag 5 sat on that suitcase 2. Note that, especially in case of items 2 where the bag tag 5 hangs on the side or gets underneath the underside of the item 2 when the latter is placed on the conveyor belt 3, it may be difficult to retrieve data from the first antenna 9. If not (e.g., the bag tag 5 sat on the top of the item 2 and the second antenna could not receive signal from it or there are no readings during the time interval in which the second antenna is switched on), a phase curve 7 is constructed from the phase measurements 6 retrieved by the first antenna 9 and the global maximum 8 of the phase curve 7 is determined. The global maximum 8 represents the time instant when the bag tag 5 has essentially passed underneath the first antenna 9. The reader then associates that bag tag 5 to the suitcase 2 if the global maximum 8 lies within the time window W. After the identification has been performed, the information concerning which bag tag 5 sits on that suitcase 2 is passed back to the conveyor belt controller, which continues to track and route the suitcase 2 onwards.

[0061] FIG. 2 shows measured phase values 6 in degrees against time in ms for the bag tags 5 under coverage of the second antenna. The latter may have a confined coverage such that it may retrieve signals only when the suitcase 2 travels in proximity of its zenith (the solid line approximately in the middle of the time window W). Consequently, the reader may not receive signals from other items 2 lying before, after or on the side of the second antenna (e.g., 40 cm from it), thus there may be no need to construct the phase curve 7 as with the phase measurements 6 retrieved by the first antenna 9, but only to check whether the timestamps of the reading fall within the time window W; if so, the bag tag 5 is associated to the suitcase 2.

[0062] The second antenna may be displaced with respect to the nadir of the first antenna 9 (e.g., slightly before it), as the second antenna has to be inserted underneath the upper surface 3′ of the conveyor belt 3, basically where there is space to place it. Hence, the readings got from the second antenna may be offset with respect to the middle of the time window W. Nevertheless, the offset is known by the reader, which can therefore subtract it from the timestamps of the readings.

[0063] FIG. 3 shows measured phase values 6 in degrees against time in ms for the bag tags 5 under coverage of both the first antenna 9 and the second antenna. With respect to the second antenna, which in this embodiment has a confined coverage, the first antenna 10 has a broader coverage and therefore retrieves many more readings, for example, due to other items 2 lying before, after or on the side of the first antenna 9. As it is noticeable from the phase curve 7, the phase measurements 6 have a periodicity between 0 and 180 degrees, and the constructed phase curve 7 increases/decreases the closer/farther the suitcase 2 is with respect to the first antenna 9, reaching its peak (i.e., the global maximum 8) approximately when the suitcase 2 is at the nadir of the first antenna 9.

[0064] Note that there may be periods with no readings if the first antenna 9 and the second antenna switch between each other and do not transmit simultaneously. For example, the first antenna 9 may transmit for around 150 ms and then the second antenna for around 50 ms. In other cases, it may be possible that the suitcase 2 is stopped until it can be moved from a first conveyor belt to a second conveyor belt, where it is, e.g., accelerated into an empty wagon for transporting it forward through the read point 4, thus a plateau for the phase values 6 can be observed right before the global maximum 8.

[0065] FIG. 4 shows a method 100 of identification of an item 2, wherein the method 100 comprises: [0066] providing 101 a system 1 as described above; [0067] the reader receiving 102 one or more readings from the tag 5; [0068] the reader extracting 103 from each reading retrieved by the first antenna 9 a measurement 6 of the phase of the signal transmitted by the tag 5; [0069] the conveyor belt controller retrieving 104 the position of the item 2 at the first time instant t.sub.1 before the first and second antennas and at the second time instant t.sub.2 after the first and second antennas, the first and second time instants t.sub.1, t.sub.2 defining a time window W; [0070] the reader associating 105 the tag 5 to the item 2 if at least one reading 6 has been retrieved from the second antenna for the tag 5 within the time window W; otherwise, the reader performing 106 a data processing of the phase measurements 6, which data processing comprises constructing 107 the phase curve 7 from the phase measurements 6 and determining 108 the global maximum 8 on the phase curve 7, and the reader associating 109 the tag 5 to the item 2 if the global maximum 8 lies within the time window W; whereby the identification of the item 2 is accomplished.

[0071] Although the present invention has been disclosed in the form of preferred embodiments and variations thereon, it will be understood that numerous additional modifications and variations could be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0072] For the sake of clarity, it is to be understood that the use of “a” or “an” throughout this application does not exclude a plurality, and “comprising” does not exclude other steps or elements. The mention of a “unit” or a “module” does not preclude the use of more than one unit or module.