Structure of photovoltaic cell

Abstract

A structure of photovoltaic cell is provided. The structure of photovoltaic cell includes a substrate, a lower conductive layer, a photovoltaic layer, and an upper conductive layer, the lower conductive layer is disposed at one side of the substrate, the photovoltaic layer is disposed at the other surface of the lower conductive layer, and the upper conductive layer is disposed on the other surface of the photovoltaic layer. An electron transporting layer, a hole transporting layer, and an active layer sandwiched between the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer collectively constitute the photovoltaic layer. The electron transporting layer convers a portion of the active layer and the hole transporting layer for blocking the upper conductive layer from electrically connecting to the active layer and the hole transporting layer.

Claims

1. A structure of photovoltaic cell, comprising: a substrate; a lower conductive layer disposed on one side of the substrate; a photovoltaic layer disposed at a side surface of the lower conductive layer; and an upper conductive layer disposed on the other side surface of the photovoltaic layer; wherein the photovoltaic layer is constituted by an electron transporting layer, a hole transporting layer, and an active layer sandwiched between the electron transporting layer and the hole transporting layer, wherein the electron transporting layer has a first top portion arranged atop the active layer, and a first downward-extending portion extended from the first top portion that is in direct contact with the substrate; wherein the upper conductive layer has a second top portion arranged atop the electron transporting layer, and a second downward-extending portion extended from the second top portion that is in direct contact with the substrate; wherein the active layer and the hole transporting layer are separated from the upper conductive layer by the electron transporting layer; and wherein the active layer is not in contact with the substrate and the lower conductive layer, the electron transporting layer covers an entire upper surface of the active layer.

2. The structure of photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the substrate is an optical-transparent plastic substrate or an optical-transparent glass substrate.

3. The structure of photovoltaic cell of claim 1, further comprising a hardening layer disposed between the substrate and the lower conductive layer.

4. The structure of photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein a thickness of the photovoltaic layer is smaller than 1 m.

5. The structure of photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the photovoltaic layer is a Perovskite photovoltaic cell comprising a multi-layer structure.

6. The structure of photovoltaic cell of claim 1, further comprising a top cover disposed on the photovoltaic cell and a bottom cover disposed below the photovoltaic cell, and an encapsulation placed between the top cover and the bottom cover so that the top cover is glued to the bottom cover.

7. The structure of photovoltaic cell of claim 1, wherein the upper conductive layer has at least one hollowed hole.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING

(1) The present disclosure can be more fully understood by reading the following detailed description of the embodiment, with reference made to the accompanying drawings as follows:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with the related art;

(3) FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart for fabricating a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 1st embodiment of the present disclosure;

(4) FIG. 3 illustrates a side view that fabricates a lower conductive layer on a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with the 1st embodiment of the present disclosure;

(5) FIG. 4 illustrates a top view of FIG. 3;

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates a side view that fabricates an electron transporting layer and an active layer on the lower conductive layer of FIG. 3;

(7) FIG. 6 illustrates a top view of FIG. 5;

(8) FIG. 7 illustrates a side view that fabricates a hole transporting layer on the active layer of FIG. 6;

(9) FIG. 8 illustrates a top view of FIG. 7;

(10) FIG. 9 illustrates a side view that fabricates an upper conductive layer on the hole transporting layer of FIG. 8;

(11) FIG. 10 illustrates a top view of FIG. 9;

(12) FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 2nd embodiment of the present disclosure;

(13) FIG. 12 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 3rd embodiment of the present disclosure;

(14) FIG. 13 illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 4th embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(15) A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

(16) FIG. 2 illustrates a flow chart for fabricating a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 1st embodiment of the present disclosure, and FIG. 3 illustrates a side view that fabricates a lower conductive layer on a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with the 1st embodiment of the present disclosure. In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the structure of photovoltaic cell includes a plurality of cells arranged in array on a substrate 1, each cell includes a lower conductive layer 2, a photovoltaic layer 3, and am upper conductive layer 4. An electron transporting layer 31 (or the hole transporting layer 33) of the photovoltaic layer 3 covers a portion of an active layer 32 and a portion of the hole transporting layer 33 (or the electron transporting layer 31) thereof for blocking the upper conductive layer 4 from electrically connecting to the active layer 32 and the hole transporting layer 33 (or the electron transporting layer 31).

(17) At first, in step S100, a substrate is provided; the substrate 1 may be an optical-transparent plastic substrate or an optical-transparent glass substrate. The optical-transparent plastic substrate is selected from the group comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyimide (PI), nylon, polyamide (PA), polyurethanes (PU), and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Thereafter, a hardening layer (not shown) is provided on a surface of the substrate 1 by executing a curing treatment; the (optical) hardening layer may include PMMA, epoxy, and silicon dioxide, which may be used alone or in combinations thereof. The thickness of the hardening layer is 1 m-5 m.

(18) In step S102, the lower conductive layer is provided; the lower conductive layer 2 is disposed on a side surface of the hardening layer. The organic or inorganic conductive coating is dry-etched (such as laser etched), wet-etched (such as chemical etched), or evaporated to form a plurality of transparent electrons 21 and circuit(s) (not shown) of the lower conductive layer 2, and the lower conductive layer 2 is disposed on the side surface of the hardening layer. The lower conductive layer 2 may include organic conductive coating and inorganic conductive coating, which may be used alone or in combinations thereof; the organic conductive coating may be metal or metallic oxide, and the inorganic conductive coating may be carbon nanotube, and poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT), which may be used alone or in combinations thereof. As shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the width of each first etching trench 2a formed between two adjacent electrodes 21 is 25 m-100 m.

(19) In step S104, the photovoltaic layer 2 is provided; the photovoltaic layer 2 is formed on each electrode 21 of the lower conductive layer 3 by slot die coating, evaporation, or screen printing. More particularly, each electrode 21 of the lower conductive layer 2 is sequentially coated with the electron transporting layer 31 and the active layer 32 (or each electrode 21 of the lower conductive layer 2 may be sequentially coated with the hole transporting layer 33 and the active layer 32) which are then dried and etched (as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6). The width of each second etching trench 3a formed between two adjacent cells 3 is 50 m-100 m. A coating step is then provided for forming the hole transporting layer 33 (or the electron transporting layer 31) to shield the lateral sides of the electron transporting layer 31 and the active layer 32 (or shield the lateral sides of the hole transporting layer 33 and the active layer 32), so as to block the electron transporting layer 31 and the active layer 32 (or block the hole transporting layer and the active layer 32) from electrically connecting to the upper conductive layer (not shown) for sequent processing. The hole transporting layer 33 (or the electron transporting layer 31) may be formed by slot die coating, evaporation, or screen printing, and is then dried and etched. The width of each third etching trench 3b formed between two adjacent hole transporting layer 33 (or the electron transporting layer 31) of each cell 3 is 25 m-100 m (as shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8). the photovoltaic layer 3 is a structure of organic photovoltaic cell that uses multi-layers functional design or a structure of Perovskite photovoltaic cell that uses multi-layers functional design. In this embodiment, the thickness of the photovoltaic layer 3 is smaller than 1 m.

(20) In step S106, the upper conductive layer 4 is provided. The conductive coating, such as silver paste, is coated with the hole transporting layer 33 (or the electron transporting layer 31) of each photovoltaic layer 3 and convers the lower conductive layer 2 of the next photovoltaic layer 3, such that the upper conductive layer 3 is electrically connected to the lower conductive layer 2 (as shown in FIG. 9 and FIG. 10). It should be noted that the conductive wire for external connection may be formed when fabricating the upper conductive layer 4.

(21) Reference is made to FIG. 11, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 2nd embodiment of the present disclosure. The structure of photovoltaic cell in the 2nd embodiment is similar to the 1st embodiment mentioned above. The difference is that the structure of photovoltaic cell in this embodiment further includes at least one hollowed hole 41 formed on the upper conductive layer 4 of each cell to make sure that the cells are light-transmittable.

(22) Reference is made to FIG. 12, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 3rd embodiment of the present disclosure. The structure of photovoltaic cell in the 3rd embodiment is similar to the 1st embodiment mentioned above. The difference is that the structure of photovoltaic cell in this embodiment further includes a top cover 20 made of transparent material. An encapsulation 40 is placed between the top cover 20 and the substrate 1 for offering good water and gas barrier capability. The transparent material may be an optical-transparent glass plate or an optical-transparent plastic plate.

(23) Reference is made to FIG. 13, which illustrates a schematic diagram of a structure of photovoltaic cell in accordance with a 4th embodiment of the present disclosure. The structure of photovoltaic cell in the 4th embodiment is similar to the 1st embodiment mentioned above. The difference is that the structure of photovoltaic cell in this embodiment further includes a top cover 20 and a bottom cover 30 made of transparent material. An encapsulation 40 is placed between the top cover 20 and the bottom cover 30 for offering good water and gas barrier capability. The transparent material may be an optical-transparent glass plate or an optical-transparent plastic plate.

(24) Although the present disclosure has been described with reference to the foregoing preferred embodiment, it will be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the details thereof. Various equivalent variations and modifications can still occur to those skilled in this art in view of the teachings of the present disclosure. Thus, all such variations and equivalent modifications are also embraced within the scope of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims.