HEAT-RESISTANT TWO-LAYER HEAT-SHRINKABLE TUBE AND METHOD FOR COVERING OBJECT TO BE COVERED

Abstract

A heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube including an outer layer and an inner layer, and a method for covering an object to be covered with the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube. The outer layer consists of a cross-linked product of a resin composition containing a resin, such as a tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and a cross-linking aid. The outer layer thermally shrinks at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less. The inner layer consists of a hot-melt adhesive composed mainly of an acid-modified tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer or the like and having a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1.

Claims

1. A heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube comprising an outer layer and an inner layer in contact with an inner circumferential surface of the outer layer, wherein the outer layer consists of a cross-linked product of a resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, acid-modified tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and acid-modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less and 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin, the outer layer having a thermal shrinkage temperature of 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less, and the inner layer consists of a hot-melt adhesive containing a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers and acid-modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers, the hot-melt adhesive having a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1.

2. The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to claim 1, wherein the cross-linking aid is triallyl isocyanurate or trimethylolpropane triacrylate.

3. The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to claim 1, wherein the resin constituting the hot-melt adhesive has a melting point of 160 C. or more and 240 C. or less, and there is no sagging of the inner layer even after the tube is vertically held at 200 C. for 1000 hours.

4. The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to claim 3, wherein the resin constituting the hot-melt adhesive has a melting point of 160 C. or more and 200 C. or less.

5. The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to claim 1, wherein the resin constituting the outer layer is a resin selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers with a melting point of 230 C. or less and acid-modified tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers with a melting point of 230 C. or less, and the resin constituting the inner layer is a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers with a melting point of 230 C. or less and acid-modified tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers with a melting point of 230 C. or less.

6. A method for covering an object to be covered, comprising the steps of: covering the object to be covered with the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to claim 1; and, after this step, heating the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube to 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less for thermal shrinkage.

7. A method for covering an object to be covered, comprising: a step 1 of melt-extruding a resin composition in a tube shape to form an outer layer, the resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, acid-modified tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymers with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and acid-modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less and 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin; after the step 1, a step 2 of cross-linking the resin constituting the outer layer and subsequently expanding the outer layer to impart a heat-shrinkable property so as to shrink at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less; a step 3 of melt-extruding a hot-melt adhesive in a tube shape to form an inner layer, the hot-melt adhesive containing a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene and acid-modified ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene-hexafluoropropylene copolymers, the hot-melt adhesive having a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1; a step 4 of covering the object to be covered with the inner layer formed in the step 3; a step 5 of covering the object to be covered covered with the inner layer with the outer layer formed in the step 2; and a step 6 of heating the object to be covered covered with the outer layer at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less to thermally shrink the outer layer.

8. The method for covering an object to be covered according to claim 7, wherein the cross-linking in the step 2 is performed by ionizing radiation.

9. The method for covering an object to be covered according to claim 8, wherein the radiation dose ranges from 10 to 300 kGy.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0043] FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0044] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a of FIG. 1.

[0045] FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line b-b of FIG. 1.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0046] Embodiments of the present disclosure will be more specifically described below. However, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments and may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims.

[0047] A first embodiment of the present disclosure is a heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube including an outer layer and an inner layer in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer, wherein

[0048] the outer layer consists of a cross-linked product of a resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of ETFEs with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, acid-modified ETFEs with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and acid-modified EFEPs with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less and 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin, the outer layer having a thermal shrinkage temperature of 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less, and

[0049] the inner layer consists of a hot-melt adhesive containing a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs, the hot-melt adhesive having a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa-s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1.

[0050] The outer layer is formed of a cross-linked product of a resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of ETFEs with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, acid-modified ETFEs with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and acid-modified EFEPs with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less and 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin (a product formed by cross-linking the resin). Thus, the outer layer does not melt or deteriorate and has high heat resistance (thermal aging resistance), even in long-term use at temperatures at which heat-resistant insulated wires, such as ETFE electric wires, are used. The outer layer is a resin tube (pipe) that can thermally shrink by heating at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less.

[0051] The inner layer is formed of a hot-melt adhesive containing a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs and therefore has high adhesiveness to an insulating layer (ETFE) of ETFE electric wires and a conductor (metal, such as copper). The inner layer has a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1 and therefore has sufficient fluidity even at a thermal shrinkage temperature of approximately 250 C. Furthermore, in the heat-shrinkable tube and the hot-melt adhesive, the resin does not deteriorate or flow even in long-term use at temperatures at which ETFE electric wires are to be used, more specifically even in storage at 200 C. for 1000 hours. Furthermore, degradation, for example, due to ionizing radiation is less likely to occur during cross-linking of the resin forming the outer layer.

[0052] Thus, the first embodiment of the present disclosure provides a heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube that includes a heat-shrinkable outer layer and an adhesive layer (inner layer) in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer and that has the following good characteristics when used to ensure the protection or waterproofness of a bound portion of heat-resistant insulated wires or an end portion of a heat-resistant wire. [0053] The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube has high thermal aging resistance and heat resistance without degradation of the resin or the flow of the adhesive layer even in long-term use at temperatures at which ETFE electric wires are to be used. [0054] The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube has high adhesiveness to an insulating layer (ETFE) of ETFE electric wires and a conductor (metal, such as copper). [0055] Because the resin in the adhesive layer has sufficient fluidity when heated for thermal shrinkage, when the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube is used, the adhesive layer flows along the shape of a portion to be covered and protected and ensures close adhesion to the portion during thermal shrinkage.

[Structure of Heat-Resistant Two-Layer Heat-Shrinkable Tube According to First Embodiment]

[0056] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line a-a of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line b-b of FIG. 1. In the figures, 1 denotes an outer layer, and 2 denotes an inner layer. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3, the inner layer 2 is in close contact with the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer 1.

[0057] The outer layer 1, which is formed of a cross-linked product of the resin, does not melt even at a heating temperature in the range of 250 C. to 280 C. and has high heat resistance. In the outer layer 1, a tube of the cross-linked product is formed and then expanded to impart the heat-shrinkable property (shape memory). Thus, the outer layer 1 thermally shrinks at a heating temperature of 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less.

[0058] The inner layer 2 is formed of a hot-melt adhesive that has sufficient fluidity at a thermal shrinkage temperature of approximately 250 C. Thus, when the inner layer 2 covering a bound portion of insulated wires or an end portion of a wire thermally shrinks, the inner layer 2 flows along the shape of the portion and adheres to the portion.

[0059] The preferred ranges of the diameter of the tube and the thicknesses of the outer layer and the inner layer depend on the application and are not limited to particular ranges. The inner diameter often ranges from 1.0 mm or more and 30 mm or less, and the thickness of the outer layer often ranges from 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less. It is desirable that the thickness of the inner layer be designed so that the flow of the hot-melt adhesive forming the inner layer due to the thermal shrinkage of the tube can ensure protection or waterproof of a bound portion of insulated wires or an end portion of a wire to be covered with the heat-shrinkable tube. Thus, the preferred range of the thickness of the inner layer depends on the size or shape of a portion such as a bound portion of insulated wires or an end portion of a wire and is not limited to particular range.

[Materials Forming Outer Layer]

[0060] The outer layer is a tube formed of a resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of ETFEs with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, acid-modified ETFEs with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and acid-modified EFEPs with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less and a cross-linking aid, and the resin is cross-linked by ionizing radiation or the like.

[0061] ETFEs with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less include commercial products such as Fluon LM730AP (melting point 225 C.) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd. and Neoflon EP526 (melting point 255 C.) manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.

[0062] Acid-modified ETFEs with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less include commercial products such as Fluon AH2000 (melting point 240 C.) and Fluon LH8000 (melting point 180 C.) manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.

[0063] Acid-modified EFEPs with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less include commercial products such as Neoflon RP5000 (melting point 200 C.) and Neoflon RP4020 (melting point 160 C.) manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.

[0064] The term acid-modified means that an acid such as maleic anhydride is grafted onto a polymer chain, or a carboxy group is present at an end of a resin.

[0065] The resin forming the outer layer may be a mixture of the resins.

[0066] A tube that can thermally shrink at a heating temperature in the range of 250 C. to 280 C. can be produced by choosing the resin as a resin constituting the outer layer, the resin having a melting point in the above range, and cross-linking and then expanding a resin composition containing 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin. When the resin constituting the outer layer has a melting point below the lower limit, high heat resistance and thermal aging resistance intended by the present disclosure cannot be achieved. When the resin has a melting point above the upper limit, heating at a high temperature of more than 280 C. is required for thermal shrinkage, which causes greater damage to electric wires and the inner layer.

[0067] The cross-linking aid constituting the outer layer is added to promote cross-linking of the resin. For cross-linking of the resin (formation of a cross-linked product) by ionizing radiation, the cross-linking aid is preferably TAIC or trimethylolpropane triacrylate. These compounds can be used as cross-linking aids to sufficiently cross-link the resin and to make it easy to adjust the thermal shrinkage temperature in the above range.

[0068] The amount of cross-linking aid in the resin composition ranges from 0.1 parts or more by mass to 8 parts or less by mass per 100 parts by mass of the resin. When the amount of cross-linking aid is less than 0.1 parts by mass, ionizing radiation with an increased radiation dose even results in insufficient cross-linking of the resin and provides no shape memory for the heat-shrinkable tube. A large amount of cross-linking aid above 8 parts by mass increases the hardness of the resin formed by cross-linking, making it difficult to expand the heat-shrinkable tube. Thus, it is difficult to impart the heat-shrinkable property by expansion.

[0069] In addition to the resin and the cross-linking aid, the materials forming the outer layer may include other additive agents, as required, without departing from the gist of the present invention. Other additive agents include antioxidants, copper inhibitors, lubricants, colorants, heat stabilizers, and ultraviolet absorbers.

[Materials Forming Inner Layer]

[0070] The acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs may be those used in the resin forming the outer layer. The hot-melt adhesive constituting the inner layer may be composed only of a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs and may contain another component in combination with the resin, without departing from the gist of the present invention. The resin preferably constitutes 80% or more by mass, more preferably 85% or more by mass, of the hot-melt adhesive.

[0071] The hot-melt adhesive forming the inner layer has a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s, preferably less than 8000 Pa.Math.s, more preferably less than 6000 Pa.Math.s, at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1. A shear viscosity in these ranges results in an adequate flow during thermal shrinkage of the heat-shrinkable tube at a temperature of approximately 250 C., improved adhesion to a portion to be covered, and high waterproofness.

[0072] When the hot-melt adhesive contains other components described above, the shear viscosity is the viscosity after the other components are added. As described later, when the outer layer is cross-linked after adhesion between the outer layer and the inner layer in the production of the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube, the inner layer may also be influenced by cross-linking. For example, when the resin forming the outer layer is cross-linked by ionizing radiation, the hot-melt adhesive forming the inner layer may also be exposed to the ionizing radiation. In such a case, the shear viscosity is the viscosity after the influence of cross-linking of the outer layer, for example, after ionizing radiation. Thus, the resin constituting the hot-melt adhesive is a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs and is selected from resins that can have a shear viscosity (a shear viscosity after the addition of another component when the hot-melt adhesive contains the other component or a shear viscosity after ionizing radiation when the hot-melt adhesive is exposed to ionizing radiation) in the above range.

[0073] The resin constituting the hot-melt adhesive forming the inner layer preferably has a melting point of 160 C. or more and 240 C. or less. A heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube including the inner layer that does not flow even after vertically held at 200 C. for 1000 hours can be produced by forming the inner layer in contact with the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer from a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs and having a melting point of 160 C. or more.

[0074] A resin with a melting point of 240 C. or less can be selected so that the hot-melt adhesive can have a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1 even when the hot-melt adhesive contains another component or even when the hot-melt adhesive is exposed to ionizing radiation. By contrast, the use of a resin with a melting point of more than 240 C. makes it difficult to adjust the shear viscosity to be less than 10000 Pa.Math.s, possibly resulting in low fluidity at the thermal shrinkage temperature.

[0075] The resin constituting the hot-melt adhesive more preferably has a melting point of 160 C. or more and 200 C. or less. A resin with a melting point of 200 C. or less can be used to further increase the fluidity of the inner layer during thermal shrinkage, further improve adhesion to a portion to be covered, and further improve waterproofness.

[0076] Other additive agents that can be added to the materials forming the inner layer, as required, in combination with the resin, without departing from the gist of the present invention include antioxidants, copper inhibitors, antidegradants, viscosity modifiers, flame retardants, lubricants, colorants, heat stabilizers, ultraviolet absorbers, and adhesives. For example, when the resins to form the outer layer and the inner layer are coextruded to form a two-layer tube and the resin of the outer layer is cross-linked by ionizing radiation, it is desirable to reduce the degradation of the inner layer caused by radiation, and an antidegradant can be added to the materials for the inner layer to reduce the degradation.

[Resins Forming Heat-Resistant Two-Layer Heat-Shrinkable Tube with High Flame Resistance and Transparency]

[0077] A heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube that includes an outer layer consisting of a cross-linked product of a resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of ETFEs with a melting point of 230 C. or less and acid-modified ETFEs with a melting point of 230 C. or less and 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin, the outer layer having a thermal shrinkage temperature of 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less, and that includes an inner layer consisting of a hot-melt adhesive containing a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified EFEPs with a melting point of 230 C. or less and acid-modified ETFEs with a melting point of 230 C. or less, the hot-melt adhesive having a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1, has high flame resistance and transparency as well as the high thermal aging resistance, heat resistance, and adhesiveness. For example, the flame resistance satisfies the VW-1 vertical flame test described in UL 224, and the transparency refers to a light transmittance of 50% or more at 550 nm when the total thickness of the inner layer and the outer layer of the tube is 1.4 mm.

[0078] When the resin constituting the outer layer, whether ETFE or acid-modified ETFE, has a melting point of more than 230 C., and when the resin constituting the inner layer, whether acid-modified EFEP or acid-modified ETFE, has a melting point of more than 230 C., both cases result in low transparency with a light transmittance of less than 50%.

[0079] To achieve high transparency, the cross-linking aid is preferably TRIC. The resins may be used in combination with another component. The other component should be selected so as not to decrease the transparency of the tube, and the amount of the other component should be 20% or less by mass.

[Formation of Outer Layer and Inner Layer (Extrusion of Resins)]

[0080] The outer layer and the inner layer can be formed by melt-extruding their materials in a tube shape with a known extruder. The resins to form the outer layer and the inner layer may be simultaneously extruded (coextruded), or the resin to form the outer layer and the resin to form the inner layer may be independently extruded in a tube shape to form each pipe (tube). Thus, the outer layer and the inner layer may be individually (independently) formed.

[0081] Independent formation of the outer layer and the inner layer is preferred due to the advantages that no coextruder is needed and that the linear velocity of extrusion can be easily increased due to independent extrusion. It is also preferred because when the resin in the outer layer is cross-linked by ionizing radiation, the inner layer is not exposed to ionizing radiation and is not degraded by radiation.

[0082] There is another advantage that inner layers with different thicknesses can be differently formed and bonded to the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer to adjust the thicknesses of the inner layers for different portions.

[Cross-Linking and Expansion of Resin Forming Outer Layer]

[0083] The resin forming the outer layer of the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the present embodiment is cross-linked to form a cross-linked product in a process of producing the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube. The cross-linking of the resin enables the outer layer to be expanded to impart the heat-shrinkable property (shape memory) to the outer layer.

[0084] Although the cross-linking may be performed after a combination of the outer layer and the inner layer, for example, by coextrusion, the cross-linking is preferably performed after the formation of the outer layer and before a combination with the inner layer to avoid degradation of the resin forming the inner layer due to cross-linking of the outer layer. Although the resin forming the inner layer is less likely to deteriorate in cross-linking, the resin may deteriorate depending on the cross-linking method and conditions. Thus, in the case of cross-linking after a combination of the outer layer and the inner layer by coextrusion, the cross-linking method and the cross-linking conditions are preferably selected to suppress the degradation of the inner layer due to cross-linking of the outer layer, or the addition of an antidegradant to the inner layer is also preferred.

[0085] The cross-linking method is cross-linking by ionizing radiation, chemical cross-linking, or thermal crosslinking, for example. Cross-linking by ionizing radiation is preferred due to its simple process and no influence of water and cross-linking residues. The ionizing radiation may be corpuscular radiation, such as radiation, radiation, or electron beams, or high-energy electromagnetic waves, such as X-rays and radiation. Among these, electron beams and radiation are preferred in terms of controllability and safety.

[0086] The radiation dose of the ionizing radiation is not particularly limited. For example, the radiation dose of electron-beam irradiation is preferably 10 kGy or more and 300 kGy or less to achieve a sufficient cross-linking density and to suppress the degradation of the resin due to irradiation.

[0087] Cross-linking by ionizing radiation may be performed at normal temperature or at a high temperature, for example, at approximately 250 C. High temperatures are preferred in terms of improved cross-linking efficiency and a decreased radiation dose.

[0088] After the resin in the outer layer is cross-linked, the outer layer is expanded to impart the heat-shrinkable property (shape memory). The expansion can be performed by heating the outer layer to at least a thermal shrinkage temperature (250 C. to 280 C.), expanding the outer layer to a predetermined inner diameter, and cooling the outer layer to fix the shape. The outer layer can be expanded, for example, by introducing compressed air therein. The expansion is typically performed such that the inner diameter is increased by approximately 1.2 to 5 times. A heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube with the heat-shrinkable property is produced by the expansion.

[Adhesion between Outer Layer and Inner Layer]

[0089] In coextrusion of the resins for the outer layer and the inner layer, the outer circumferential surface of the inner layer adheres to the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer during extrusion. The resin constituting the outer layer is cross-linked by ionizing radiation or the like after the coextrusion.

[0090] When the outer layer and the inner layer are independently formed, the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer adheres to the outer circumferential surface of the inner layer by covering an object to be covered with the inner layer, then covering the outer circumferential surface of the inner layer with the outer layer to which the heat-shrinkable property is imparted by cross-linking and expansion, and subsequently thermally shrinking the outer layer.

[Applications]

[0091] The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the first embodiment can cover a bound portion of heat-resistant electric wires, such as ETFE electric wires, or an end portion of a wire and adhere to the portion by thermal shrinkage. Thus, the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube can be suitably used to protect the portion and ensure waterproofness. In particular, the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube can be suitably applied to applications that require high heat resistance, such as automotive applications and aircraft applications.

[0092] A second embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for covering an object to be covered, the method including the steps of covering the object to be covered with the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the first embodiment and, after this step, heating the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube to 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less for thermal shrinkage.

[0093] The object to be covered may be a bound portion of heat-resistant electric wires, such as ETFE electric wires, or an end portion of a wire.

[0094] The thermal shrinkage step can be performed by heating the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube to 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less.

[0095] The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the first embodiment can be heated at 250 C. or more to achieve sufficient thermal shrinkage. However, heating at a temperature of more than 280 C. undesirably causes damage to electric wires and the inner layer.

[0096] The inner layer of the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the first embodiment has high adhesiveness to an insulating layer (ETFE) of ETFE electric wires and a conductor (metal, such as copper) and has sufficient fluidity when heated to approximately 250 C. The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube has high thermal aging resistance and heat resistance without degradation of the resin or the flow of the adhesive layer even in long-term use at temperatures at which ETFE electric wires are to be used. Thus, the method according to the second embodiment for covering with the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the first embodiment can provide a covering that has high adherence and adhesiveness to an object to be covered, for example, an insulating layer of ETFE electric wires or a conductor, and has high thermal aging resistance and heat resistance without degradation of the resin or the flow of the adhesive layer or without a consequent decrease in adherence and adhesive strength, even in long-term use at temperatures at which ETFE electric wires are to be used.

[0097] A third embodiment of the present disclosure is a method for covering an object to be covered, the method including

[0098] a step 1 of melt-extruding a resin composition in a tube shape to form an outer layer, the resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of ETFEs with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, acid-modified ETFEs with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and acid-modified EFEPs with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less and 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin,

[0099] after the step 1, a step 2 of cross-linking the resin constituting the outer layer and subsequently expanding the outer layer to impart a heat-shrinkable property so as to shrink at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less,

[0100] a step 3 of melt-extruding a hot-melt adhesive in a tube shape to form an inner layer, the hot-melt adhesive containing a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs, the hot-melt adhesive having a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1,

[0101] a step 4 of covering the object to be covered with the inner layer formed in the step 3,

[0102] a step 5 of covering the object to be covered covered with the inner layer with the outer layer formed in the step 2, and

[0103] a step 6 of heating the object to be covered covered with the outer layer at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less to thermally shrink the outer layer.

[0104] The object to be covered may be a bound portion of heat-resistant electric wires, such as ETFE electric wires, or an end portion of a wire, as in the second embodiment.

[0105] The steps 1 and 3 in the third embodiment can be performed in the same manner as in a method for individually (independently) forming the outer layer and the inner layer described in the first embodiment.

[0106] The step 2 can be performed in the same manner as in Cross-Linking and Expansion of Resin Forming Outer Layer described in the first embodiment.

[0107] In the step 4, the object to be covered is covered with the inner layer formed in the step 3. After the step 4, the step 5 is performed in which the object to be covered covered with the inner layer is further covered with the outer layer formed in the step 2. Because the heat-shrinkable property is imparted to the outer layer formed in the step 2 by cross-linking of the resin and expansion, in the step 6, the object to be covered covered with the outer layer is heated at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less to thermally shrink the outer layer. Upon the thermal shrinkage of the outer layer, the inner circumferential surface of the outer layer adheres to the outer circumferential surface of the inner layer, and the inner layer also shrinks and adheres to the outer circumferential surface of the object to be covered.

[0108] The inner layer has the same structure and characteristics as the inner layer of the heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube according to the first embodiment. Thus, the inner layer has high adhesiveness to an insulating layer (ETFE) of ETFE electric wires and a conductor (metal, such as copper) and has sufficient fluidity when heated at 250 C. or more and 280 C. or less. The heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube has high thermal aging resistance and heat resistance without degradation of the resin or the flow of the adhesive layer even in long-term use at temperatures at which ETFE electric wires are to be used. Thus, the covering method according to the third embodiment can provide a covering that has high adherence and adhesiveness to an object to be covered, for example, an insulating layer of ETFE electric wires or a conductor, and has high thermal aging resistance and heat resistance without degradation of the resin or the flow of the adhesive layer or without a consequent decrease in adherence and adhesive strength, even in long-term use at temperatures at which ETFE electric wires are to be used.

EXAMPLES

(1) Materials Used in Experimental Examples

a) Resins for Outer Layer and Inner Layer

[0109] ETFE (without acid modification) [0110] Fluon LM730AP (melting point 225 C., manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.: hereinafter referred to as ETFE1) [0111] Neoflon EP526 (melting point 255 C., manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.: hereinafter referred to as ETFE2)

[0112] Maleic-anhydride-modified EFEP (adhesive EFEP): [0113] Neoflon RP5000 (melting point 200 C., manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.: hereinafter referred to as EFEP1) [0114] Neoflon RP4020 (melting point 160 C., manufactured by Daikin Industries, Ltd.: hereinafter referred to as EFEP2)

[0115] Maleic-anhydride-modified ETFE (adhesive ETFE): [0116] Fluon AH2000 (melting point 240 C., manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.: hereinafter referred to as ETFE3) [0117] Fluon LH8000 (melting point 180 C., manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.: hereinafter referred to as ETFE4)

[0118] PVDF [0119] Kynar 705 (melting point 175 C.: manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation: hereinafter referred to as PVDF1)

b) Cross-Linking Aids (Polyfunctional Monomers)

[0120] triallyl isocyanurate (manufactured by Nippon Kasei Chemical Co., Ltd.: TRIC) [0121] trimethylolpropane triacrylate (manufactured by DIC: TD1500s)

(2) Evaluation of Resins for Inner Layer

a) Evaluation of Shear Adhesive Strength and Tube Formability Before Electron-Beam Irradiation

(Preparation of Samples for Evaluation of Shear Adhesive Strength)

[0122] A resin listed in Tables 1 and 2 was extruded with a known melt extruder to form a sheet 0.5 mm in thickness. The sheet was cut into a resin sheet A 5 mm in width and 40 mm in length. A resin composition containing 100 parts by mass of ETFE1 and 1 part by mass of TAIC (a resin composition of Experiment 11 for an outer layer described later) was extruded with a known melt extruder to form a sheet 0.5 mm in thickness. The sheet was cut into a resin sheet A2 5 mm in width and 10 mm in length. The resin sheet A placed between two resin sheets A2 was press-bonded at 250 C. and at 0.3 MPa for 20 seconds to prepare a sample for evaluation of shear adhesive strength.

(Measurement of Shear Adhesive Strength)

[0123] The shear adhesive strength of each sample thus prepared was measured three times with a tensile tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) at 23 C. and at a crosshead speed of 200 mm/min. The average value (unit: N/cm.sup.2) of the measurements was calculated and listed in Unirradiated Shear adhesive strength (ETFE) in Tables 1 and 2.

(Evaluation of Tube Formability)

[0124] A resin listed in Tables 1 and 2 was extruded with a known melt extruder to form a tube, and tube formability was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are listed in Unirradiated Tube formability in Tables 1 and 2.

[0125] Good: a constant thickness (0.50.2 mm), no depletion of resin, and no rough appearance during 1000-m extrusion

[0126] Poor: at least one problem of a thickness outside the range of 0.50.2 mm, depletion of resin, rough appearance, and an inner diameter outside the range of 1.0 mm0.2 mm during 1000-m extrusion

b) Measurement of Shear Viscosity and Shear Adhesive Strength and Evaluation of Sagging Distance (Degree of Flow) after Electron-Beam Irradiation

(Measurement of Shear Viscosity)

[0127] A resin listed in Tables 1 and 2 was formed into a sheet and was irradiated with an electron beam at a radiation dose listed in Tables 1 and 2. Subsequently, shear viscosity (Pa.Math.s) was measured with a rotational rheometer (MCR302: manufactured by Anton Paar GmbH) at a temperature of 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1. The measured values are listed in Shear viscosity in Tables 1 and 2.

(Measurement of Shear Adhesive Strength)

[0128] A resin listed in Tables 1 and 2 was extruded with a known melt extruder to form a sheet, and the sheet was then irradiated with an electron beam at the radiation doses listed in Tables 1 and 2 to prepare a resin sheet B.

[0129] A resin composition containing 100 parts by mass of ETFE1 and 1 part by mass of TAIC (a resin composition of Experiment 11 for an outer layer described later) was extruded with a known melt extruder to form a sheet 0.5 mm in thickness. The sheet was cut into a resin sheet B2 5 mm in width and 10 mm in length. The resin sheet B placed between two resin sheets B2 was press-bonded at 250 C. and at 0.3 MPa for 20 seconds to prepare a sample for evaluation of shear adhesive strength. This sample is hereinafter referred to as a sample 1. The shear adhesive strength of the sample 1 was measured in the same manner as in (Measurement of Shear Adhesive Strength) described above, and the results are listed in Shear adhesive strength (ETFE) After irradiation in Tables 1 and 2.

[0130] The resin sheet B placed between two copper foils 5 mm in width, 10 mm in length, and 0.2 mm in thickness was press-bonded at 250 C. and at 0.3 MPa for 20 seconds to prepare a sample for evaluation of shear adhesive strength. This sample is hereinafter referred to as a sample 2. The shear adhesive strength of the sample 2 was measured in the same manner as in (Measurement of Shear Adhesive Strength) described above, and the results are listed in Shear adhesive strength (Cu) After irradiation in Tables 1 and 2.

[0131] After the sample 1 was stored at 200 C. for 1000 hours, the shear adhesive strength was measured in the same manner as in (Measurement of Shear Adhesive Strength) described above, and the results are listed in Shear adhesive strength 1 (after aging) After irradiation in Tables 1 and 2.

(Evaluation of Sagging Distance (Degree of Flow))

[0132] A resin composition containing 100 parts by mass of ETFE1 and 1 part by mass of TAIC (a resin composition of Experiment 11 for an outer layer described later) was formed into a sheet and was irradiated with an electron beam at the radiation doses listed in Tables 1 and 2 to prepare a resin sheet 30 mm in width, 50 mm in length, and 0.5 mm in thickness. The resin sheet thus prepared was placed on a resin sheet 5 mm in width, 20 mm in length, and 0.5 mm in thickness, which was formed by extruding a resin listed in Tables 1 and 2 with a known melt extruder, such that the upper ends of the resin sheets were adjusted. The resin sheets were then press-bonded at 250 C. and at 0.3 MPa for 20 seconds to prepare a sample for evaluation of sagging distance.

[0133] After the sample was vertically held and stored at 200 C. for 1000 hours, the distance between a lower end position of a sheet of a resin listed in Tables 1 and 2 and the lower end position at the time of bonding (at the beginning of storage) (initial position) was measured. The results are listed in Sagging distance (cross-linked ETFE) After irradiation in Tables 1 and 2.

[0134] High-pressure process polyethylene (LDPE) was cross-linked by electron-beam irradiation at a radiation dose of 300 kGy to prepare a cross-linked PE sheet 30 mm in width, 50 mm in length, and 0.5 mm in thickness. The cross-linked PE sheet thus prepared was placed on a resin sheet 5 mm in width, 20 mm in length, and 0.5 mm in thickness, which was formed by extruding a resin listed in Tables 1 and 2 with a known melt extruder, such that the upper ends of the resin sheets were adjusted. The resin sheets were then press-bonded at 250 C. and at 0.3 MPa for 20 seconds to prepare a sample for evaluation of sagging distance. The sagging distance of this sample was measured in the same manner as described above, and the results are listed in Sagging distance (cross-linked PE) After irradiation in Tables 1 and 2.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 1 2 3 4 5 Resin for EFEP1 (mp. 200 C.) 100 inner layer EFEP2 (mp. 160 C.) 100 100 100 ETFE3 (mp. 240 C.) 100 ETFE4 (mp. 180 C.) PVDF1 (mp. 175 C.) ETFE1 (mp. 225 C.) Unirradiated Shear adhesive strength (ETFE) 120 140 140 140 70 Tube formability Good Good Good Good Good After irradiation Radiation dose kGy 50 10 50 300 50 Shear viscosity (Pa .Math. s) 2700 2400 2600 7300 5700 Shear adhesive strength (ETFE) (N/cm.sup.2) 100 120 120 80 60 Shear adhesive strength (Cu) (N/cm.sup.2) 210 330 320 270 140 Sagging distance (cross-linked ETFE) (mm) 0 0 0 0 0 Sagging distance (cross-linked PE) (mm) 1 >10 >10 8 0 Shear adhesive strength (after aging) (N/cm.sup.2) 120 130 120 90 80

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 6 7 8 9 10 Resin for EFEP1 (mp. 200 C.) 50 inner layer EFEP2 (mp. 160 C.) 50 100 ETFE3 (mp. 240 C.) ETFE4 (mp. 180 C.) 100 PVDF1 (mp. 175 C.) 100 ETFE1 (mp. 225 C.) 100 Unirradiated Shear adhesive strength (ETFE) 120 120 0 90 140 Tube formability Good Good Good Good Good After irradiation Radiation dose kGy 50 50 50 50 350 Shear viscosity (Pa .Math. s) 3300 2700 400 3500 11400 Shear adhesive strength (ETFE) (N/cm.sup.2) 100 110 0 90 70 Shear adhesive strength (Cu) (N/cm.sup.2) 240 270 0 0 220 Sagging distance (cross-linked ETFE) (mm) 0 0 >10 0 * Sagging distance (cross-linked PE) (mm) >10 1 >10 0 * Shear adhesive strength (after aging) (N/cm.sup.2) 110 120 0 110 * * The resin was degraded during storage at 200 C. and was unmeasurable.

[0135] The experimental results in Tables 1 and 2 show the following 1) to 5).

[0136] 1) In the experimental examples 1 to 7, in which the inner layer is formed of a resin selected from the group consisting of acid-modified ETFEs and acid-modified EFEPs,

[0137] the resin has a shear viscosity of less than 10000 Pa.Math.s at 250 C. and at a shear rate of 10 s.sup.1 and has high fluidity at 250 C.,

[0138] the shear adhesive strength for ETFE is more than 50 N/cm.sup.2, and the shear adhesive strength for copper is also more than 50 N/cm.sup.2, and the adhesive strength for ETFE (insulating layer) and copper (conductor) is high,

[0139] even after the tube is vertically held at 200 C. for 1000 hours, the shear adhesive strength for ETFE is more than 50 N/cm.sup.2, and the thermal aging resistance and heat resistance are high, and

[0140] when cross-linked ETFE is bonded to the inner layer, the sagging distance is 1 mm or less even after the tube is vertically held at 200 C. for 1000 hours, and the resin is less likely to flow even in a high-temperature operating environment in which ETFE electric wires are used.

[0141] 2) In the experimental example 8, in which the inner layer is formed of PVDF, the shear adhesive strength for ETFE and copper is almost zero, which indicates no adhesion to ETFE and copper. When cross-linked ETFE is bonded to the inner layer, the sagging distance is more than 10 mm after the tube is vertically held at 200 C. for 1000 hours, the resin flows in a high-temperature operating environment in which ETFE electric wires are used, and the heat resistance is poor.

[0142] 3) In the experimental example 9, in which the inner layer is formed of ETFE without acid modification, the shear adhesive strength for copper is almost zero, which indicates no adhesion to copper.

[0143] 4) In the experimental example 10, in which the inner layer is formed of acid-modified ETFE, the radiation dose is 350 kGy, the shear viscosity is 10000 Pa.Math.s or more, and the resin is degraded at 200 C. for 1000 hours and is not used in a high-temperature operating environment in which ETFE electric wires are used.

[0144] In the experimental examples 2 and 4, in which the inner layer is formed of acid-modified ETFE, and the radiation dose is 10 kGy and 300 kGy, respectively, the shear viscosity is less than 10000 Pa.Math.s, and the tube can withstand use at 200 C. for 1000 hours.

[0145] These results show that (for irradiation after a combination of the outer layer and the inner layer) the radiation dose is preferably 10 kGy or more and 300 kGy or less.

[0146] 5) When cross-linked PE is bonded to the inner layer, in the experimental examples 2 to 4, in which the inner layer is formed of acid-modified ETFE with a melting point of 160 C., the sagging distance is large after the tube is vertically held at 200 C. for 1000 hours. However, as described above, when cross-linked ETFE is bonded to the inner layer, the sagging distance is zero after the tube is vertically held at 200 C. for 1000 hours in the experimental examples 2 to 4, and the resin is less likely to flow even in a high-temperature operating environment in which ETFE electric wires are used.

(3) Evaluation of Resin Composition for Outer Layer

(Preparation of Samples for Evaluation of Shear Adhesive Strength)

[0147] A composition containing a resin and a polyfunctional monomer (cross-linking aid) listed in Tables 3 to 5 was melt-blended in a twin-screw mixer to prepare a resin composition and was extruded with a known melt extruder to form a sheet 0.5 mm in thickness. Subsequently, after electron-beam irradiation at a radiation dose listed in Tables 3 to 5, the sheet was cut into a resin sheet C of a predetermined size.

[0148] A resin sheet 5 mm in width, 10 mm in length, and 0.5 mm in thickness was formed from EFEP2 (the resin for the inner layer in the experiment 3 listed in Table 1), was placed on a resin sheet C, and was press-bonded at 250 C. and at 0.3 MPa for 20 seconds to prepare a sample for evaluation of shear adhesive strength.

(Measurement of Shear Adhesive Strength)

[0149] The shear adhesive strength of each sample thus prepared was measured three times with a tensile tester (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) at 23 C. and at a crosshead speed of 200 mm/min. The average value (unit N/cm.sup.2) of the measurements was calculated and listed in Shear adhesive strength in Tables 3 to 5.

(Evaluation of Extrusion Formability)

[0150] A resin and a polyfunctional monomer of a composition listed in Tables 3 to 5 were melt-blended in a twin-screw mixer to prepare a resin composition (a composition composed of a single component required no mixing). The resin composition was used to form the outer layer, and the resin for the inner layer in the experiment 3 listed in Table 1 was used to form the inner layer. The resin composition and the resin were melt-extruded with a known melt extruder to form a tubular two-layer extrudate including the outer layer 2.2 mm in inner diameter and 0.7 mm in thickness and the inner layer (adhesive layer) 0.8 mm in inner diameter and 0.7 mm in thickness. No breakage during extrusion was considered to be good appearance and was rated as pass in Extrusion formability in Tables 3 to 5, and breakage was rated as failure.

(Evaluation of Expandability)

[0151] A resin and a polyfunctional monomer of a composition listed in Tables 3 to 5 were melt-blended in a twin-screw mixer to prepare a resin composition (a composition composed of a single component required no mixing). The resin composition was extruded with a known melt extruder to form a tubular monolayer extrudate 2.2 mm in inner diameter and 0.7 mm in thickness. The monolayer extrudate was exposed to irradiation at a radiation dose listed in Tables 3 to 5 and was then tested for expandability by expanding the extrudate at 250 C. to an inner diameter of 4.4 mm (expanded to twice its size). Extrudates that were expandable were rated as Possible in Expandability in Tables 3 to 5.

(Evaluation of Waterproofness)

[0152] A resin composition prepared by melt-blending a resin and a polyfunctional monomer of a composition listed in Tables 3 to 5 in a twin-screw mixer (a composition composed of a single component required no mixing) was used to form an outer layer, and EFEP2 (the resin for the inner layer in the experiment 3 listed in Table 1) was used to form an inner layer. Thus, a two-layer extrudate was formed with a known melt extruder. The two-layer extrudate was irradiated with an electron beam at a radiation dose listed in Tables 3 to 5, was then expanded to twice its inner diameter, and was cooled to form a heat-shrinkable tube.

[0153] A weld of a harness formed by welding two insulated wires was covered with the heat-shrinkable tube, was horizontally placed on the floor in a thermostat at 250 C., and was heated for 90 seconds to shrink the heat-shrinkable tube and thereby closely adhere the heat-shrinkable tube to the weld. The sample thus prepared was placed in water, 200-kPa air was blown into one end of one of the insulated wires for 30 seconds, and was checked for the formation of bubbles in water. No bubbles was rated as pass, and the formation of bubbles was rated as failure. The results are listed in Waterproofness in Tables 3 to 5.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 11 12 13 14 15 Resin for ETFE1 (mp. 225 C.) 100 100 100 100 100 outer layer ETFE2 (mp. 255 C.) EFEP1 (mp. 200 C.) EFEP2 (mp. 160 C.) ETFE3 (mp. 240 C.) ETFE4 (mp. 180 C.) PVDF1 (mp. 175 C.) Polyfunctional TAIC 1 1 1 8 monomer TD1500s 1 Radiation dose kGy 50 10 300 50 50 Expandability Possible Possible Possible Possible Possible Shear adhesive strength (N/cm.sup.2) 120 120 120 130 120 Waterproofness Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Extrusion formability Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 16 17 18 19 20 Resin for ETFE1 (mp. 225 C.) 100 outer layer ETFE2 (mp. 255 C.) 100 EFEP1 (mp. 200 C.) 100 EFEP2 (mp. 160 C.) 100 ETFE3 (mp. 240 C.) 100 ETFE4 (mp. 180 C.) PVDF1 (mp. 175 C.) Polyfunctional TAIC 0.2 1 1 1 1 monomer TD1500s Radiation dose kGy 50 50 50 50 50 Expandability Possible Possible Possible Possible Possible Shear adhesive strength (N/cm.sup.2) 130 90 140 160 110 Waterproofness Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Extrusion formability Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 21 22 23 24 Resin for outer layer ETFE1 (mp. 225 C.) 100 100 ETFE2 (mp. 255 C.) EFEP1 (mp. 200 C.) EFEP2 (mp. 160 C.) ETFE3 (mp. 240 C.) ETFE4 (mp. 180 C.) 100 PVDF1 (mp. 175 C.) 100 Polyfunctional TAIC 1 10 1 monomer TD1500s Radiation dose kGy 50 300 10 50 Expandability Possible Impossible Possible Shear adhesive strength (N/cm.sup.2) 140 Melt 120 0 Waterproofness Pass Failure Extrusion formability Pass Pass Pass Pass

[0154] The experimental results in Tables 3 to 5 show the following 6) to 9).

[0155] 6) The cross-linked products in the experimental examples 11 to 21 composed of a resin composition containing a resin selected from the group consisting of ETFE copolymers with a melting point of 210 C. or more and 260 C. or less, acid-modified ETFE copolymers with a melting point of 160 C. or more and 260 C. or less, and acid-modified EFEPs with a melting point of 150 C. or more and 210 C. or less and 0.1 parts or more by mass and 8 parts or less by mass of a cross-linking aid per 100 parts by mass of the resin could be expanded to impart the heat-shrinkable property, had a shear adhesive strength of more than 50 N/cm.sup.2 to the inner layer, and could adhere to the inner layer to form waterproof two-layer tubes.

[0156] 7) The experimental example 22 including the outer layer formed of a resin composition containing no polyfunctional monomer (cross-linking aid) melted when heated to 250 C. in the measurement of shear adhesive strength and had low heat resistance.

[0157] 8) The experimental example 23 including the outer layer formed of a resin composition containing 10 parts by mass of a polyfunctional monomer (cross-linking aid) per 100 parts by mass of resin was too hard to expand to impart the heat-shrinkable property.

[0158] 9) The experimental example 24, in which the two-layer tube was produced by forming the outer layer using PVDF as a resin, was not practically waterproof.

(4) Evaluation of Flame Resistance and Transparency

(Preparation of Samples for Evaluation)

[0159] A composition containing a resin for the outer layer and TAIC (manufactured by Nippon Kasei Chemical Co., Ltd., a cross-linking aid, a polyfunctional monomer) listed in Tables 6 and 7 was melt-blended in a twin-screw mixer to prepare a resin composition for the outer layer. The resin composition for the outer layer and a resin for the inner layer listed in Tables 6 and 7 were melt-extruded with a known melt extruder to form a tubular two-layer extrudate including the outer layer 2.2 mm in inner diameter and 0.7 mm in thickness and the inner layer (adhesive layer) 0.8 mm in inner diameter and 0.7 mm in thickness.

(Evaluation of Flame Resistance: VW-1 Vertical Flame Test)

[0160] Each tubular two-layer extrudate (samples for evaluation of flame resistance) prepared in (Preparation of Samples for Evaluation) was subjected to the VW-1 vertical flame test described in UL 224. More specifically, a sample for evaluation of flame resistance was vertically held and was exposed to burner flame at an angle of 20 degrees, and 15-second exposure and 15-second rest were repeated 5 times to determine the degree of combustion of the sample. The test was performed 5 times per sample. The results are listed in VW-1 vertical flame test in Tables 6 and 7. A sample was rated as pass when in all the five tests the sample was extinguished within 60 seconds, absorbent cotton placed under the sample was not burnt by falling flaming debris, and 25% or more of kraft paper placed over the sample was not burnt.

(Evaluation of Transparency: Measurement of Transmittance)

[0161] A two-layer extrudate prepared in (Preparation of Samples for Evaluation) was cut open in the longitudinal direction to prepare a sheet 1.4 mm in thickness (outer layer: 0.7 mm, inner layer: 0.7 mm). The outer layer of the sheet was irradiated with ionizing radiation at a dose listed in Tables 6 and 7, thus producing a sample for evaluation of transparency. The light transmittance of the sample for evaluation of transparency was measured at a wavelength of 550 nm with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer UV-2450 manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. The results are listed in Transmittance (%) in Tables 6 and 7.

[0162] In each sample for evaluation of transparency, a transmittance of 50% or more corresponds to transparency at which the interior is visible, and is a suitable level for practical use (in applications that require transparency). A transmittance of 60% or more is more preferred, and 80% or more is still more preferred.

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 25 26 27 28 29 Resin ETFE1 (mp. 225 C.) 100 100 100 100 composition ETFE2 (mp. 255 C.) 100 for outer TAIC (cross-linking aid) 1 1 1 8 0.2 layer Resin for inner Type EFEP 1 EFEP1 EFEP 2 EFEP 2 EFEP 2 layer mp. 200 C. 200 C. 160 C. 160 C. 160 C. Radiation dose kGy 50 50 50 50 50 VW-1 vertical flame test (flame resistance) Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Transmittance (transparency) (%) 68 25 80 55 85

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment Experiment 30 31 32 33 34 Resin ETFE1 (mp. 225 C) 100 100 composition ETFE2 (mp. 255 C.) 100 100 for outer ETFE4 (mp. 180 C.) 100 layer TAIC (cross-linking aid) 0.2 0.2 1 1 1 Resin for inner Type EFEP2 ETFE4 EFEP2 ETFE3 ETFE3 layer mp. 160 C. 180 C. 160 C. 240 C. 240 C. Radiation dose kGy 50 50 50 50 50 VW-1 vertical flame test (flame resistance) Pass Pass Pass Pass Pass Transmittance (transparency) (%) 88 55 40 30 5

[0163] The experimental results in Tables 6 and 7 show that the experiments 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, and 31, in which the resin for the outer layer was ETFE1 with a melting point of 230 C. or less (mp: 225 C.: ETFE) or ETFE4 with a melting point of 230 C. or less (mp: 180 C.: acid-modified ETFE) and the resin for the inner layer was EFEP1 (mp: 200 C.) or EFEP2 (mp: 160 C.), which is EFEP with a melting point of 230 C. or less, or ETFE4 (mp: 180 C.), which is acid-modified ETFE with a melting point of 230 C. or less, had high flame resistance that passed the VW-1 vertical flame test and had high transparency with a transmittance of more than 50%. The results of the experiments 28, 29, 30, and 31 show that the addition of 0.2 parts by mass to 8 parts by mass of the cross-linking aid to 100 parts by mass of the resin for the outer layer in the resin composition for the outer layer results in high flame resistance and transparency.

[0164] The experiments 26 and 32, in which ETFE2 with a melting point of more than 230 C. (mp: 255 C.) was used as the resin for the outer layer, had low transparency with a transmittance of less than 50%, though EFEP1 (mp: 200 C.) or EFEP2 (mp: 160 C.) with a melting point of 230 C. or less was used as the resin for the inner layer.

[0165] The experiment 33, in which ETFE3 with a melting point of more than 230 C. (mp: 240 C.) was used as the resin for the inner layer, also had low transparency with a transmittance of less than 50%, though ETFE1 with a melting point of 230 C. or less (mp: 225 C.) was used as the resin for the outer layer.

[0166] The experiment 34, in which the resin for the outer layer and the resin for the inner layer were ETFE2 (mp: 255 C.) and ETFE3 (mp: 240 C.) with a melting point of more than 230 C., had a transmittance of 5% and could not be used in applications that require transparency.

[0167] These results show that a resin with a melting point of 230 C. or less should be selected as a resin for the outer layer and a resin for the inner layer to produce a heat-resistant two-layer heat-shrinkable tube that has high flame resistance satisfying the VW-1 vertical flame test and has high transparency with a transmittance of more than 50%.

[0168] A comparison of the experiment 25 and the experiment 27 shows that a resin with a lower melting point is preferably used as a resin for the inner layer to achieve more preferred transmittance. A comparison of the experiments 27 to 29 shows that a smaller amount of cross-linking aid is more preferred.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

[0169] 1 OUTER LAYER [0170] 2 INNER LAYER