METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING AN AMMONIA COVERAGE DEGREE PROFILE

Abstract

A method (and a system that executes the method) for control of at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile for at least one SCR catalyst included in an exhaust gas treatment system, the method includes determining at least one ammonia sectional coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det for the at least one SCR catalyst based on a flow F, a temperature T and a composition C of the exhaust stream upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst. The method also includes comparing the at least one sectional ammonia coverage NH.sub.3_profile_ref with at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref for the at least one SCR catalyst. The method further includes controlling, based on the comparison, at least one of a concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOX in the exhaust stream to be output from the combustion engine and a dosage of a reductant including ammonia NH.sub.3 to be injected into the exhaust stream upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst.

Claims

1. A method for controlling at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile for at least one selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst included in an exhaust gas treatment system arranged for treating an exhaust stream being output from a combustion engine; the method comprising: determining at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det for said at least one SCR catalyst including at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n for at least two sections of said at least one SCR catalyst, based on a flow F, a temperature T and a composition C of said exhaust stream upstream of said at least one SCR catalyst, said at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det indicating ammonia stored along said at least on SCR catalyst; comparing said at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det with at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref for said at least one SCR catalyst, said at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref being related to an available capacity for reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x for said at least one selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst, and including at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n for said at least two sections of said at least one SCR catalyst, said comparing including comparing said at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n with said at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n; controlling, based on said comparing, at least one of a concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in said exhaust stream to be output from said combustion engine and a dosage of a reductant including ammonia NH.sub.3 to be injected into said exhaust stream upstream of said at least one SCR catalyst.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein: if said comparing indicates that there is a difference Diff.sub.profiles between said at least one ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det and said at least one reference profile for said ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref; then said controlling includes controlling at least one of said concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx and said dosage of said reductant such that said difference Diff.sub.profiles is reduced.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said difference Diff.sub.profiles is calculated as a weighted summation of at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n between said at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n and said at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n for said at least one SCR catalyst, wherein each one of said at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n is weighted by a sectional weighting coefficient W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n.

4. The method as claimed in claims 3, wherein said controlling includes at least one step from a group that includes: adjusting said dosage of said reductant, in relation to a reference dosage needed for providing a reduction of said at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n, with an amount of reductant being related to said weighted summation of said at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n; and adjusting said concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in said exhaust stream to be output from said combustion engine, in relation to a reference concentration needed for providing a reduction of said at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n, with a concentration adjustment being related to said weighted summation of said at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n.

5. The method as claimed in claims 4, wherein said controlling includes at least one step from a group that includes: multiplying said amount of reductant and/or said concentration adjustment with an overall control gain; and multiplying one or more of the at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n used for calculating said weighted summation with a sectional control gain.

6. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein the at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n used for calculating said weighted summation are determined based on at least one sectional net change selected from a group that includes: a sectional net change of an ammonia NH.sub.3 storage rate in relation to a sectional coverage degree and said flow F of said exhaust; and a sectional net change of an ammonia NH.sub.3 storage rate in relation to a sectional coverage degree and a converted exhaust flow of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said controlling includes: determining a capacity CAP.sub.SCR_NOx for said at least one SCR catalyst to reduce nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x based on said sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det; comparing said capacity CAP.sub.SCR_NOx with a concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in said exhaust stream being output from said combustion engine; and determining, based on said comparing, if said concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx output from said combustion engine and/or said dosage of said reductant should be adapted by said controlling.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said controlling of said concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from said combustion engine includes at least one step from a group that includes: selecting of at least one injection strategy for said combustion engine; controlling of a timing for an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; controlling of injection pressure for an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; controlling of an injection phasing for an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; controlling of a device for exhaust recirculation (EGR); and controlling of a contribution of said combustion engine to a total momentum being provided by a hybrid drivetrain comprising both said combustion engine and an electrical motor.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an increase of said concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx to be output from said combustion engine is achieved by at least one step from a group that includes: advancing a timing of an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; increasing an injection pressure of an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; controlling an injection phasing to provide a relatively large pressure gradient for an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; and reducing a fraction of said exhaust stream which is recirculated through a device for exhaust recirculation (EGR); and/or wherein a decrease of said concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx to be output from said combustion engine is achieved by at least one step from a group that includes: delaying a timing of an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; reducing an injection pressure of an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; controlling an injection phasing to provide a relatively small pressure gradient for an injection of fuel into at least one cylinder of said combustion engine; and increasing a fraction of said exhaust stream which is recirculated through a device for exhaust recirculation (EGR).

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein said determining of said at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det for said at least one SCR catalyst is also based on at least one of the following: a measurement performed by usage of at least one nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensor located downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; a measurement performed by usage of at least one nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensor located downstream of at least one Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) being arranged downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; a measurement performed by usage of at least one ammonia NH.sub.3 sensor located downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; a measurement performed by usage of at least one ammonia NH.sub.3 sensor located downstream of at least one Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) being arranged downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; a combination of measurements performed by usage of at least one nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensor located downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst and/or downstream of at least one Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) being arranged downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst and/or by usage of at least one ammonia NH.sub.3 sensor located downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst and/or downstream of at least one Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) being arranged downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; an estimation of a concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in said exhaust stream downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; an estimation of a concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in said exhaust stream downstream of at least one Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) being arranged downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; an estimation of a concentration of ammonia NH.sub.3 in said exhaust stream downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; an estimation of a concentration of ammonia NH.sub.3 in said exhaust stream downstream of at least one Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC) being arranged downstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; a measurement performed by usage of at least one nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensor located upstream of said at least one SCR catalyst; and an estimation of a concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in said exhaust stream upstream of said at least one SCR catalyst.

11. A computer program product, comprising computer code stored on a computer-readable medium, which computer code, when extended in a computer, causes the computer to execute the method according to claim 1.

12. (canceled)

13. A system arranged for controlling at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile for at least one selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst included in an exhaust gas treatment system arranged for treating an exhaust stream output from a combustion engine; the system comprising: a determination unit, arranged for determining at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det for said at least one SCR catalyst including at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n for at least two sections of said at least one SCR catalyst, based on a flow F, a temperature T and a composition C of said exhaust stream upstream of said at least one SCR catalyst, said at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det indicating ammonia stored along said at least on SCR catalyst; a comparison unit, arranged for comparing said at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det with at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref for said at least one SCR catalyst, said at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref being related to an available capacity for reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x for said at least one selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst, and including at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n for said at least two sections of said at least one SCR catalyst, said comparing including comparing said at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n with said at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n; and a control unit, arranged for controlling, based on said comparing, at least one of a concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in said exhaust stream to be output from said combustion engine and a dosage of a reductant including ammonia NH.sub.3 to be injected into said exhaust stream upstream of said at least one SCR catalyst.

14. A vehicle including: an engine; an exhaust gas treatment system; and the system according to claim 13.

15. The vehicle as claimed in claim 14, wherein said exhaust gas treatment system includes at least one from the following: one SCR catalyst; one SCR catalyst downstream followed by one Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC); at least two selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2) catalysts; and at least two selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2) catalysts, each one of said at least two selective Catalytic Reduction catalysts being followed downstream by an Ammonia Slip Catalyst (ASC.sub.1, ASC.sub.2).

Description

BRIEF LIST OF FIGURES

[0087] The invention will be illustrated in more detail below, along with the enclosed drawings, where similar references are used for similar parts, and where:

[0088] FIG. 1 shows an example vehicle which may comprise the present invention,

[0089] FIGS. 2a and 2b show examples of exhaust treatment systems for which the method and/or system according to the present invention may be implemented,

[0090] FIG. 3 shows a flow chart diagram for some embodiments of the method according to the present invention,

[0091] FIG. 4 shows a control device in which a method according to the present invention may be implemented.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0092] FIG. 1 schematically shows an example vehicle 100, comprising an exhaust treatment system 150, which may be an exhaust treatment system 150 being controlled according to one embodiment of the present invention. The power-train of the vehicle comprises a combustion engine 101, which in a customary manner, via an output shaft 102 on the combustion engine 101, usually via a flywheel, is connected to a gearbox 103 via a clutch 106.

[0093] The combustion engine 101 is controlled by the vehicle's control system via a control device 280, which may be connected to the exhaust treatment system 150. Likewise, the clutch 106 and the gearbox 103 may be controlled by the vehicle's control system with the help of one or more applicable control devices (not shown). Naturally, the vehicle's driveline may also be of another type, such as a type with a conventional automatic gearbox, of a type with a hybrid driveline, etc.

[0094] An output shaft 107 from the gearbox 103 drives the wheels 113, 114 via a final drive 108, such as e.g. a customary differential, and the drive shafts 104, 105 connected to the final drive 108.

[0095] The vehicle 100 thus also comprises an exhaust treatment system/exhaust purification system 150 for treatment/purification of exhaust emissions resulting from combustion in the combustion chamber of the combustion engine 101, which may comprise cylinders. The exhaust treatment system 150 may be controlled by the vehicle's control system, e.g. via a control device 160.

[0096] FIGS. 2a and 2b schematically show two non-limiting examples of exhaust treatment systems 250, in which the method according to the present invention may be used. In FIGS. 2a and 2b, similar devices have the same references. It should be noted that the present invention may be implemented in essentially any exhaust treatment system including at least one SCR catalyst, and that FIGS. 2a and 2b only illustrates two examples of such exhaust treatment systems.

[0097] In the systems displayed in FIGS. 2a and 2b, an exhaust pipe 202 is connected to a combustion engine 201.

[0098] FIG. 2a shows an exhaust treatment system 250, which may illustrate a so-called Euro VI-system. The exhaust stream 203 is led to a diesel particulate filter (DPF) 220, via a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) 210. During the combustion in the combustion engine, soot particles are formed, and the particulate filter DPF 220 is used to catch these soot particles. The exhaust stream 203 is here led through a filter structure, where soot particles are caught from the exhaust stream 203 passing through the filter structure, and are stored in the particulate filter 220.

[0099] The oxidation catalyst DOC 210 comprises an oxidising component, and is normally used primarily to oxidise, during the exhaust treatment, remaining hydrocarbons C.sub.xH.sub.y (also referred to as HC) and carbon monoxide CO in the exhaust stream 203 into carbon dioxide CO.sub.2 and water H.sub.2O. The oxidation catalyst DOC 210 may also oxidise a large fraction of the nitrogen monoxides NO.sub.x occurring in the exhaust stream into nitrogen dioxide NO.sub.2. The oxidation of nitrogen monoxide NO into nitrogen dioxide NO.sub.2 is important for the nitrogen dioxide based soot oxidation in the filter, and is also advantageous at a potential subsequent reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x. In this respect, the exhaust treatment system 250 comprises a SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) catalyst 230, arranged downstream of the particulate filter DPF 220. SCR catalysts use ammonia NH.sub.3, or a composition from which ammonia may be generated/formed, e.g. urea, as an additive for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream. The reaction rate of this reduction is impacted by the ratio between nitrogen monoxide NO.sub.x and nitrogen dioxide NO.sub.2 in the exhaust stream, so that the reduction's reaction is impacted in a positive direction by the previous oxidation of NO.sub.x into NO.sub.2 in the oxidation catalyst DOC. This applies up to a value representing approximately 50% of the molar ratio NO.sub.2/NO.sub.x.

[0100] The SCR-catalyst 230 requires an additive to reduce the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream 203. Such additive is injected into the exhaust stream 203 upstream of the SCR-catalyst 230 by a dosage device 271. Such additive is often ammonia and/or urea based, or comprises a substance from which ammonia may be extracted or released, and may for example comprise AdBlue, which basically includes urea mixed with water. Urea forms ammonia at heating (vaporization and thermolysis), and at heterogeneous catalysis on a metal oxide surface (hydrolysis), which surface may, for example, comprise titanium dioxide TiO.sub.2, within the SCR-catalyst, or of a dedicated hydrolysis catalyst downstream of the dosage device 271.

[0101] The exhaust treatment system 250 exemplified in FIG. 2a is also equipped with an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC), which is arranged to oxidise a surplus/slip of additive that may remain after the SCR catalyst 230.

[0102] The exhaust treatment system 250 is also equipped with one or several sensors, such as one or several NO.sub.x, NH.sub.3, flow- and/or temperature-sensors 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, arranged for example at the inlet to the oxidation catalyst DOC 210, at the inlet to the particulate filter 220, at the inlet to the SCR catalyst 230, at the inlet to the ammonia slip catalyst ASC 240 and/or at the outlet from the ammonia slip catalyst ASC 240, for determination of concentrations of nitrogen oxides and/or ammonia, and/or for determination of temperatures in the exhaust treatment system.

[0103] The control device 280 is arranged to carry out control of the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile for the SCR catalyst 230 according to the present invention. This control may be based on signals from a number of sensors in the exhaust treatment system, among others on the one or several of the NO.sub.x, NH.sub.3, flow and/or temperature sensors 261, 262, 263, 264, 265.

[0104] The exhaust treatment system 250 may comprise a system 370 for supply of additive, which is arranged to supply the dosage device 271 in FIG. 2a with additives, that is to say for example ammonia or urea. One example of such a system 270 for supply of additive is shown schematically in FIG. 2a, wherein the system comprises the dosage device 271 arranged upstream of the SCR catalyst 230. The dosage device 271 often comprises dosage nozzles which administer additive to, and mix such additive with, the exhaust stream 203, and are supplied with additive from one or several tanks 273 for additive, via one or several conduits.

[0105] The system for supply of additive 270, including e.g. one or several pumps of the system 270, may be controlled by the control unit 280, which generates control signals for control of the supply of additive, so that a desired amount is injected into the exhaust stream 203 with the help of the dosage device 271 upstream of the SCR catalyst 230.

[0106] A device for exhaust recirculation (EGR) 204 may be included in the engine and exhaust treatment systems illustrated in FIG. 2a. The EGR device 204 is arranged for recirculating a portion of the exhaust gases from the exhaust outlet of the engine to the air inlet of the engine, which is well known for a skilled person.

[0107] FIG. 2b shows an exhaust treatment system 250, which comprises two SCR catalysts 231, 232. Exhausts generated at combustion in the engine 201, that is to say the exhaust stream 203 (indicated with arrows), are led past a first dosage device 271, arranged in the exhaust treatment system 250 to provide a first supply of a first additive to the exhaust stream 203. The exhaust treatment system 250 comprises a first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231, arranged downstream of the first dosage device 271, and arranged to provide a first reduction of a first amount of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x_1 reaching the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231. At this first reduction, which occurs in the first SCR catalyst 231, the first additive is used, which is supplied to the exhaust stream 203. The exhaust treatment system 250 may comprise a first ammonia slip catalyst ASC.sub.1 241 arranged downstream of the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231 to oxidize a surplus of additive that may remain after the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231.

[0108] The exhaust treatment system 250 also comprises a second dosage device 272, arranged downstream of the SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231 to provide a second supply of a second additive to the exhaust stream 203. Downstream of the second dosage device 272, a second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232 is arranged, in order to provide a second reduction on a second amount of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x_2 reaching the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232. At this second reduction, the first and/or the second additives may be used, that are supplied to the exhaust stream by the first and second dosage devices 271, 272. The exhaust treatment system 250 may comprise a second ammonia slip catalyst ASC.sub.2 242 arranged downstream of the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232 to oxidize a surplus/slip of additive that may remain after the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 231.

[0109] The exhaust treatment system may comprise a first oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.1 211, arranged upstream of the first dosage device 271 and/or a second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 212, arranged downstream of the SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231 and/or the ASC.sub.1 241. The first oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.1 311, and/or the second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 312, are in that case arranged to oxidise nitrogen compounds, carbon compounds and/or hydrocarbon compounds in the exhaust stream 203 in the exhaust treatment system 250. At the oxidation in the first oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.1 211, a part of the nitrogen monoxides NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream 203 is oxidised into nitrogen dioxide NO.sub.2.

[0110] The first oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.1 211, and/or the second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 212, may at least partly be coated with a catalytic oxidising coating, wherein such oxidising coating may comprise at least one precious metal, for example platinum.

[0111] The exhaust system 250 comprises a particulate filter 220, downstream of the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231 and/or the first ASC.sub.1 241, or downstream of the second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 212, if this is comprised in the system. The particulate filter 220 is arranged to catch and oxidise soot particles. The exhaust stream 203 is here led through the filter structure of the particulate filter, where soot particles are caught in the filter structure from the exhaust stream 203 passing through, and are stored and oxidised in the particulate filter DPF 220.

[0112] The exhaust treatment system 250 may be equipped with one or several sensors, such as one or several NO.sub.x, NH.sub.3, flow- and/or temperature-sensors 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, arranged as, for example, a sensor 261 at the inlet of the first oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.1 211, a sensor 263 at the inlet of the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231, a sensor 264 at the outlet from the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231 (at the inlet of the first ASC.sub.1 241), a sensor 265 at the outlet from the first ASC.sub.1 (at the inlet of the second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 212), a sensor 262 at the outlet from the second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 212 (at the inlet of the filter 220), a sensor 266 at the inlet of the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232, a sensor 267 at the outlet from the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232 (at the inlet of the second ACS.sub.2 242) and/or a sensor 268 at the outlet from the second ASC.sub.2 242, for determination of nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, flow F and/or temperatures of the exhausts in the exhaust treatment system.

[0113] The control device 280 is arranged to carry out control of the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile for the first SCR.sub.1 231 and second SCR.sub.2 232 catalysts according to the present invention, as is explained in this document. This control may be based on signals from a number of sensors in the exhaust treatment system, among others on the one or several of the NO.sub.x, NH.sub.3, flow and/or temperature sensors 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268 described herein.

[0114] The first and/or the second additives may comprise ammonia NH.sub.3 or urea, from which ammonia may be generated/formed/released. These additives may for example comprise AdBlue. The first and second additives may be of the same type, or may be of different types.

[0115] The exhaust treatment system 250 may comprise a system 270 for supply of additive, which is arranged to supply the first 271 and the second 272 dosage devices in FIG. 2b, respectively, with additives, such as for example ammonia or urea.

[0116] One example of such a system 270 for supply of additive is shown schematically in FIG. 2b, wherein the system comprises the first dosage device 271 and the second dosage device 272, which are arranged upstream of the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231, and upstream of the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232, respectively. The first and second dosage devices 271, 272, often comprising dosage nozzles that administer additives to, and mix such additives with, the exhaust stream 203, are supplied with additives from one or several tanks 273 for additives, via one or several conduits 274, 275.

[0117] The system for supply of additive 270, including e.g. one or several pumps, may be controlled by the control unit 280, which generates control signals for control of supply of the additives, so that desired amounts are injected into the exhaust stream 203 with the help of the first 271 and the second 272 dosage devices upstream of the first SCR.sub.1 231 and the second SCR.sub.2 232 catalysts, respectively.

[0118] In this document, a selective catalytic reduction catalyst SCR means a traditional SCR-catalyst (Selective Catalytic Reduction). SCR catalysts usually use an additive, often ammonia NH.sub.3, or a composition from which ammonia may be generated/formed, which is used for the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhausts. The additive is injected into the exhaust stream resulting from the combustion engine, upstream of the catalyst as described above. The additive added to the catalyst is adsorbed (stored) in the catalyst, in the form of ammonia NH.sub.3, so that a redox-reaction may occur between nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhausts and ammonia NH.sub.3 available via the additive.

[0119] A device for exhaust recirculation (EGR) 204 may be included in the engine and exhaust treatment systems illustrated in FIG. 2b. The EGR device 204 is arranged for recirculating a portion of the exhaust gases from the exhaust outlet of the engine to the air inlet of the engine, which is well known for a skilled person.

[0120] FIG. 3 shows a flow chart diagram illustrating the method 300 according to the present invention. As stated above, at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile for a at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 included in an exhaust gas treatment system 250 arranged for treating an exhaust stream 203 being output from a combustion engine 201 is controlled by the method.

[0121] In a first step 310 of the method, at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is determined for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232, as described below, based on a flow F, a temperature T and a composition C of the exhaust stream 203 upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. The determination of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det here includes determining at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n for the at least two sections of the at least one SCR catalyst. As described more in detail below, the at least one SCR catalyst may here, according to various embodiments of the present invention, comprise a single SCR catalyst 230 or at least two SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2 catalysts 231, 232. When at least two SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2 catalysts 231, 232 are used, one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is determined for each one of the at least two SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2 catalysts 231, 232.

[0122] In a second step 320 of the method, the at least one determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is compared with at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. The at least one sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref includes at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n for at least two sections of the at least one SCR catalyst. Thus, the comparison includes comparing the at least two determined sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n with the at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n

[0123] The at least one sectional reference profile NH.sub.3_profile_det and its determination is described below for an embodiment of the present invention. When at least two SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2 catalysts 231, 232 are used, a comparison for each one of the at least two SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2 catalysts 231, 232 with their respective sectional reference profiles NH.sub.3_profile_ref are performed.

[0124] In a third step 330 of the method, a concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in the exhaust stream 203 to be output from the combustion engine 201 and/or a dosage of a reductant including ammonia NH.sub.3 to be injected into the exhaust stream 203 upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 are controlled based on the comparison 320 of the at least one determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det with the at least one sectional reference profile NH.sub.3_profile_ref of the second step 320 of the method. This control is described more in detail below for various embodiments of the present invention.

[0125] By usage of the present invention, the at least one SCR catalyst will produce as little ammonia slip as possible, at the same time as the exhaust treatment system provides for an efficient reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream.

[0126] The present invention uses an advanced model for controlling the engine output concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx and/or the reductant dosage upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst, which model takes a sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det along the at least one SCR catalyst into account. This advanced control model makes it possible to optimize the reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the at least one SCR catalyst, at the same time as the ammonia slip out of the at least one SCR catalyst is minimized, also for operational states having been problematic for prior art solutions, such as e.g. for temperature transient operational states for which the temperature increases/decreases rapidly.

[0127] In this document, the coverage degree denotes the degree/ratio/fraction of the ability of the SCR catalyst to store ammonia which is utilized, as is clear for a skilled person. Thus, the coverage degree indicates the ammonia stored along the SCR catalyst, i.e. in the sections of the SCR catalyst, in relation to a maximal amount of ammonia which could be stored in the SCR catalyst.

[0128] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control performed in the third step 330 of the method includes controlling the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx and/or the reductant dosage such that a difference Diff.sub.profiles is reduced. This controlled reduction of the difference Diff.sub.profiles is performed if the comparison performed in the second step 320 of the method indicates that there is a difference Diff.sub.profiles between the at least one determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det and the at least one sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref. Hereby, the actual ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile is controlled/adjusted towards the reference profile NH.sub.3_profile_ref, whereby the use of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 is at least theoretically optimized.

[0129] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust treatment system 250 includes an ASC 240 arranged downstream of a single SCR catalyst 230 in the system 250, as illustrated in FIG. 2a. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the exhaust treatment system 250 includes an ASC 241, 242 arranged downstream of one or more of a first SCR.sub.1 and a second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 231, 232 in the system 250, as illustrated in FIG. 2b. Here, the control of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile being provided by the method of the present invention reduces an ammonia slip NH.sub.3_slipfrom the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232 to the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242, respectively. The one or more slip catalysts ASCs 240, 241, 242 are arranged to oxidize/reduce the ammonia slip NH.sub.3_slip from the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232, respectively. When the ammonia slip NH.sub.3_slip is oxidized/reduced, nitrous oxide N.sub.20 is often generated for normal operating temperatures in the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242. Thus, by usage of this embodiment of the present invention, the amount of ammonia slip NH.sub.3_slip may be reduced by the improved control, and therefore also the amount of nitrous oxide N.sub.20 generated in the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242 is reduced. This is advantageous, since less nitrous oxide N.sub.20 is then emitted into the environment from e.g. a vehicle including the combustion engine 101, 201 and the exhaust treatment system 250. Also, emission of nitrous oxide N.sub.20 may in the future be included in emission standards and regulations regarding emissions from combustion engines.

[0130] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the at least one sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref includes at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n for at least two sections of the SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. These at least two sections may divide the SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 along the length of the SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232, from its inlet to its outlet. The determination of the at least one sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref is explained more in detail below.

[0131] The determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det may then include a determination of at least two corresponding sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n for the corresponding at least two sections of the SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232.

[0132] If the at least one sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref and the at least one determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det include at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees and at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees, respectively, then also the above mentioned comparison 320 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det with the at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref may include comparisons of the at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n with the at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n, respectively.

[0133] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the difference Diff.sub.profiles between the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det and the at least one sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref is calculated as a weighted summation of at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n between at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n and at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n, respectively, for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. In the weighted summation, each one of the at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n is weighted by a sectional weighting coefficient W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n, whereby a total difference value based on all of the at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n is provided by the summation. The at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n, and the calculation/determination of the at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n are described in detail below.

[0134] In general, when the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref is calculated for a SCR catalyst, an ammonia slip NH.sub.3 between the SCR catalyst and the ASC may be used as a calibration parameter. The needed ammonia coverage and ammonia concentrations are first calculated for a section at the downstream end of the SCR catalyst, i.e. at the outlet of the SCR catalyst. Then, these calculated needed ammonia coverage and ammonia concentrations for the downstream end section are used for calculating the needed ammonia coverage and ammonia concentrations for the next SCR catalyst section, i.e. for the section being located directly upstream of the downstream end section, and so on. Thus, from the downstream end section at the outlet of the SCR catalyst towards the upstream end section at the inlet of the SCR catalyst, the needed ammonia coverage and ammonia concentrations are calculated based on the foregoing calculations.

[0135] The herein mentioned at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref is related to an available capacity for reduction of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232, which according to an embodiment may be temperature dependent.

[0136] Generally, the below described reaction rate r.sub.j,k for the SCR catalyst conversion is temperature dependent, and a temperature balance results in a specific temperature for each section of the sectional SCR catalyst. Thus, the at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref and/or the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det may be temperature dependent, since the temperature influences the reaction rate for the conversion.

[0137] More in detail, a mass balance for gas component i in a SCR catalyst section k may be written as:

Fy.sub.i,k1Fy.sub.i,k1.sub.jv.sub.i,jr.sub.j,kw.sub.k=0 (1)

[0138] where: [0139] F is a total molar flow for the gas; [0140] y.sub.i,k is a molar fraction for the gas component i in the actual catalyst section k; [0141] y.sub.i,k1 is a molar fraction for the gas component i in the catalyst section k1; [0142] v.sub.i,j is a stoichiometric coefficient for the gas component i in reaction j; [0143] r.sub.j,k is a reaction rate for the reaction j in the actual catalyst section k; and [0144] w.sub.k is an active material mass in the actual catalyst section k.

[0145] If the mass balance (1) is solved, the molar fraction y.sub.i,k for the gas component i in the actual catalyst section k is provided as a function of the molar fraction y.sub.i,k1 for the component in a previous/downstream SCR section, k1.

[0146] For adsorbed ammonia NH.sub.3 in the SCR catalyst, a time dependent mass balance may apply, which may be written as:

[00001]$\begin{array}{cc}N.Math.\frac{d.Math..Math.{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,k}}}{\mathrm{dt}}={.Math.}_j.Math.v_{i,j}.Math.r_{j,k}& \left(2\right)\end{array}$

[0147] Where: [0148] N is a number of active sites in the SCR catalyst [0149] .sub.NH3,k is a coverage of NH.sub.3 in the SCR catalyst for the actual catalyst section k; [0150] v.sub.NH3, j is a stoichiometric coefficient for NH.sub.3 in reaction j; and [0151] r.sub.j,k is a reaction rate for the reaction j in the actual catalyst section k.

[0152] The NH.sub.3 coverage .sub.NH3,k may be determined by a numerical integration of the time dependent mass balance with correction terms from the measurements:

[00002]$\begin{array}{cc}N.Math.\frac{d.Math..Math.{\hat{}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,k}}}{\mathrm{dt}}={}_k\left({\hat{y}}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}-y_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3}\right)+{}_k\left({\hat{y}}_{{\mathrm{NO}}_x}-y_{{\mathrm{NO}}_x}\right)+{.Math.}_j.Math.v_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,j}.Math.r_{j,k}& \left(3\right)\end{array}$

[0153] where: [0154] N.sub.c,m is a number of active sites in the SCR catalyst for a site of type m; [0155] {circumflex over ()}.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,k is the estimated NH.sub.3 coverage for the actual catalyst section k; [0156] .sub.NH.sub.3 is the estimated NH.sub.3 molar fraction at the sensor position; [0157] y.sub.NH.sub.3 is the measured NH.sub.3 molar fraction at the sensor position; [0158] v.sub.NH3, j is a stoichiometric coefficient for NH.sub.3 in reaction j; and [0159] r.sub.j,k is a reaction rate for the reaction j in the actual catalyst section k; [0160] .sub.k is a coefficient based either on a mathematical model or is empirically tuned to get an appropriate behavior of the estimator; and [0161] .sub.k is a coefficient based either on a mathematical model or is empirically tuned to get an appropriate behavior of the estimator.

[0162] In this document, a logical/control unit, a model, an equation and/or instructions being adapted to estimate e.g. a coefficient may be denoted estimator.

[0163] The values of the coefficients .sub.k, .sub.k may depend on the sensor setup, e.g. if there is a NO.sub.x sensor and/or NH.sub.3 sensor available.

[0164] Further, a reference NH.sub.3 coverage .sub.NH3,ref,k for section k of the SCR catalyst may correspond to the NH.sub.3 coverage which is in equilibrium/balance with the current conditions in each respective part of the SCR catalyst, wherein the current conditions may include values for the flow F, the temperature T and the gas composition C.

[0165] When the NH.sub.3 coverage is in equilibrium, the time derivative of the NH.sub.3 coverage is zero, which in one sense could be seen as a static operation. However, a true static operation would actually mean that also the temperature T of the SCR catalyst is in equilibrium, which is only the case if the upstream gas temperature has been constant for a sufficient time period. The sectional reference NH.sub.3 coverage profile may thus be seen as describing a semi-static NH.sub.3 coverages for a current catalyst temperature profile, which may itself be transient/non-static.

[0166] If the time derivative for the NH.sub.3 coverage is set equal to zero, the equilibrium equation may be written as:

[00003]$\begin{array}{cc}0=\underset{j}{.Math.}.Math.v_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,j}.Math.r_{j,k}=r_{\mathrm{ads},k}-r_{\mathrm{des},k}-\underset{j=\mathrm{cons}}{.Math.}.Math.v_{{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,j}}.Math.r_{j,k}& \left(4\right)\end{array}$

[0167] where: [0168] v.sub.NH3,j is a stoichiometric coefficient for NH.sub.3 in reaction j; and [0169] r.sub.j,k is a reaction rate for the reaction j in the actual catalyst section k; [0170] r.sub.ads,k is a reaction rate for the adsorption of NH.sub.3 in the actual catalyst section k; [0171] r.sub.des,k is a reaction rate for the desorption of NH.sub.3 in the actual catalyst section k; and [0172] .sub.j=consv.sub.NH3,jr.sub.j,k is a summation of reactions where NH.sub.3 is consumed.

[0173] The reference NH.sub.3 coverage .sub.NH3,ref,k is determined starting with the last SCR catalyst section, i.e. with the most downstream section at the SCR catalyst outlet. A maximum allowed NH.sub.3 molar fraction, y.sub.NH3,max, is used in the expression for the adsorption term:

r.sub.ads,k=k.sub.ads,kc.sub.tot,ky.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,max,k(1.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,ref,k) (5)

[0174] where: [0175] r.sub.ads,k is a reaction rate for the adsorption of NH.sub.3 in the actual catalyst section k; [0176] k.sub.ads,k is the rate constant for NH.sub.3 adsorption in section k; [0177] c.sub.tot,k is the total gas concentration in section k; [0178] y.sub.NH3,max,k is the maximum allowed NH.sub.3 molar fraction for section k; [0179] .sub.NH3,ref,k is a reference coverage of NH.sub.3 in the SCR catalyst for the actual catalyst section k.

[0180] All other reaction terms comprise only coverage or coverage and molar fraction of other compounds than NH.sub.3. For the reaction terms comprising molar fraction, the mass balance is solved using the molar fraction of the previous catalyst section. The last two terms in the equilibrium equation can thus be expressed as:

[00004]$\begin{array}{cc}{r}_{\mathrm{des},k}+\underset{j=\mathrm{cons}}{.Math.}.Math.v_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,j}.Math.r_{j,k}=f\left(k_{k,j},{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,\mathrm{ref},k},y_{i,k-1}\right)& \left(6\right)\end{array}$

[0181] where: [0182] r.sub.des,k is a reaction rate for the desorption of NH.sub.3 in the actual catalyst section k; [0183] .sub.j=consv.sub.NH3,jr.sub.j,k is a summation of reactions where NH.sub.3 is consumed; and [0184] f(k.sub.k,j, .sub.NH3,ref,k, y.sub.i,k1) is defined by the left hand side of (6) and indicates that this a function of the mentioned variables.

[0185] The equilibrium equation may then be solved with respect to NH.sub.3 coverage using the maximum allowed NH.sub.3 molar fraction y.sub.NH3,max,k and the actual upstream molar fraction for all other involved compounds.

[0186] With the reference coverage .sub.NH3,ref,k determined, the maximum allowed NH.sub.3 molar fraction for the previous catalyst section can now be determined as:

[00005]$\begin{array}{cc}{y}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,\max ,k-1}=y_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,\max }+\frac{1}{F}.Math.{.Math.}_{j=\mathrm{cons}}.Math.v_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,j}.Math.r_{j,k}.Math.w_k& \left(7\right)\end{array}$

[0187] where: [0188] y.sub.NH3,max,k1 is the maximum allowed NH.sub.3 molar fraction for section k1; [0189] y.sub.NH3,max,k is the maximum allowed NH.sub.3 molar fraction for section k; [0190] F.sub.tot is a total molar flow for the gas; and [0191] .sub.j=consv.sub.NH3,jr.sub.j,kw.sub.k is a summation of reactions where NH.sub.3 is consumed; and [0192] w.sub.k is an active material mass in the actual catalyst section k.

[0193] The procedure is then repeated for each upstream catalyst section until the reference NH.sub.3 coverage is determined for all catalyst sections.

[0194] The control signal y.sub.NH3,control for controlling the dosage of NH.sub.3, and the control signal y.sub.NOx,control for controlling the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in the exhaust stream 203 to be output from the combustion engine 201 may be computed according to:

y.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,control=y.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,feedforward+.sub.k.sub.k(.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,ref,k{circumflex over ()}.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,k) (8)

and

y.sub.NO.sub.x.sub.,control=y.sub.NO.sub.x.sub.,feedforward+.sub.k.sub.k(.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,ref,k{circumflex over ()}.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,k) (9)

[0195] Thus, the control signals are sums of a feedforward term y.sub.NH3,feedforward, y.sub.NOx,feedforward and the weighted sum of the differences between the reference coverage .sub.NH3,ref,k and the estimated coverage {circumflex over ()}.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,k for each segment/section k. The NH.sub.3 feedforward term y.sub.NH3, feedforward may be computed during the reference coverage computational procedure, as described above. The NO.sub.x feedforward term y.sub.NOx, feedforward may be the nominal NO.sub.x output for the current combustion engine operating point as reported by the engine management system (EMS). The NO.sub.x feedforward term y.sub.NOx, feedforward may also be some other computed or precomputed optimal NO.sub.x output for the current combustion engine operating point. The control signal y.sub.NH3, control might be sent from the control unit 280 to the system 270 for supply of additive/reductant in order to control the dosage of reductant. The control signal y.sub.NOx, control may be sent from the control unit 280 to the engine 201 and/or EGR 204 in order to control the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in the exhaust stream 203. These control signals y.sub.NH3, control, y.sub.NOx, control may thus be used for controlling the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in the exhaust stream and/or the dosage of the reductant including ammonia NH.sub.3 upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232, whereby at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile for at least one SCR catalyst is controlled.

[0196] The coefficients .sub.k and .sub.k may either be based on the mathematical model or are empirically tuned to get a satisfactory closed loop performance and robustness. The dynamics of controlling the stored ammonia NH.sub.3 degree in the SCR catalyst by altering the reductant dosage is much slower compared to the dynamics of controlling the stored ammonia NH.sub.3 degree in the catalyst by altering the NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream. If the coverage is, for example, higher than the reference at the downstream end of the SCR catalyst, i.e. at its outlet, then it is difficult to correct this by altering the reductant dosage. Therefore, the .sub.kcoefficients are according to an embodiment typically diminishing in absolute value with increasing k, whereas the .sub.k coefficients are typically increasing in absolute value with increasing k.

[0197] According to an embodiment of the present invention, illustrated in FIG. 3 the third method step 330 includes the step of determining 331 a capacity CAP.sub.SCR NOx for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 to reduce nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x, where this capacity CAP.sub.SCR_NOx is determined based on the at least one determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det.

[0198] The third method step 330 then further includes the step of comparing 332 the capacity CAP.sub.SCR_NOx with a concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in the exhaust stream 203.

[0199] The third method step 330 then further includes the step of determining 333, based on the result of the comparison step 332, if the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 and/or the dosage of the reductant should be adjusted/adapted by the herein described control 330.

[0200] As stated above, the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx output from the combustion engine 201 and/or the dosage of the reductant upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 is, according to the present invention, performed based on the comparison 320 of the at least one determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det with the at least one sectional reference profile NH.sub.3_profile_ref.

[0201] Generally, to control the ammonia coverage degree in the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 by changing the dosage of the reductant is a relatively slow way to change/regulate the ammonia coverage degree of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. To control the ammonia coverage degree in the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 by changing the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 is a relatively fast way to change/regulate the ammonia coverage degree of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232.

[0202] The control 330 of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may be performed in a number of ways. For example, the concentration of output nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx may be controlled by selecting at least one injection strategy for the combustion engine 201, which may include control of one or more fuel injection parameters for injections of fuel into at least one cylinder of the combustion engine 201, such as a timing for the injection, an injection pressure for the injection, and/or an injection phasing for the injection. The control 330 of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may also be performed by controlling an EGR device 204. For a vehicle including a hybrid drivetrain comprising both the combustion engine 201 and an electrical motor, the control 330 of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may also be performed by controlling the contribution of the combustion engine 201 to a total momentum being provided by the hybrid drivetrain.

[0203] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the control 330 of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may be based also on information related to a section of road ahead of a vehicle in which the system according to the present invention is implemented. This information may be based on one or more of positioning information, e.g. GPS (global positioning system) information, map information, topography information, weather reports, information communicated between vehicles and information communicated by radio. This information may comprise information related to prevailing topography, road curvature, traffic situation, roadworks, traffic density and road surface states. The information may further comprise e.g. one or more speed limits for the section of road ahead and one or more traffic signs pertaining to the road. Many vehicles today are provided with systems, e.g. navigation systems and cruise control systems, which use such information. This embodiment may therefore be implemented with little additional complexity in vehicles where the information is already available.

[0204] By use of one or more of the above described ways for controlling 330 the concentration of the output nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx, the concentration of the output nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx may be increased in some situations in order to decrease the ammonia coverage degree such that the determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det becomes more alike the sectional reference profile NH.sub.3_profile_ref. Thus, the combustion engine 201 may e.g. according to these embodiments be controlled to emit a higher concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx, which may efficiently and relatively quickly empty the SCR catalyst e.g. during a temperature transient, such that the ammonia slip out from the SCR catalyst is efficiently reduced and/or eliminated. The concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine may during some time periods hereby be even higher than a maximum reduction limit for the SCR catalyst. Hereby, fuel efficiency of the combustion engine 201 may be increased at the same time as the ammonia slip is minimized.

[0205] For example, an increase of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may be achieved by adjusting at least one fuel injection parameter, such as advancing a timing of the injection, increasing an injection pressure of the injection, and/or controlling an injection phasing to provide a relatively large pressure gradient for the injection. The increase of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may also be achieved by reducing a fraction of the exhaust stream 203 which is recirculated through the EGR device 204.

[0206] Correspondingly, one or more of the above described ways for controlling 330 the concentration of the output nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx may be used for decreasing the concentration of the output nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in some situations, in order to make the determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det more alike the sectional reference profile NH.sub.3_profile_ref.

[0207] For example, the decrease of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may be achieved by adjusting at least one fuel injection parameter, such delaying a timing of the injection, reducing an injection pressure of the injection, controlling an injection phasing to provide a relatively small pressure gradient for the injection. The decrease of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx being output from the combustion engine 201 may also be achieved by increasing a fraction of the exhaust stream 203 being recirculated through the EGR device 204.

[0208] As described above, at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 is according to the present invention determined 310 based on a flow F, a temperature T and a composition C of the exhaust stream 203 upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. The at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det may for example be determined by any herein described estimator arranged for performing such a determination.

[0209] This at least one determined sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is then used in the control model for being compared with the at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232.

[0210] As also described above, the exhaust treatment system 250 may be equipped with one or several sensors, such as for example one or several NO.sub.x, NH.sub.3, flow- and/or temperature-sensors 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, arranged as, for example, a sensor 261 at the inlet to the first oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.1 211, a sensor 263 at the inlet to the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231, a sensor 264 at the outlet from the first SCR.sub.1 catalyst 231 (at the inlet of to the first ASC.sub.1 241), a sensor 265 at the outlet from the first ASC.sub.1 (at the inlet to the second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 212), a sensor 262 at the outlet from the second oxidation catalyst DOC.sub.2 212 (at the inlet to the filter 220), a sensor 266 at the inlet to the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232, a sensor 267 at the outlet from the second SCR.sub.2 catalyst 232 (at the inlet to the second ACS.sub.2 242) and/or a sensor 268 at the outlet from the second ASC.sub.2 242, for determination of nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide, ammonia, flow F and/or temperatures in the exhaust treatment system.

[0211] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one measurement performed by usage of one or more of the nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensors 264, 265, 262, 266, 267, 268 located downstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232.

[0212] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one measurement performed by usage of one or more of the nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensors 265, 262, 266, 268 located downstream of the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242. Here, the cross sensitivity for nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x and ammonia NH.sub.3 for the NO.sub.x sensors 265, 262, 266, 268 is here mitigated since the NO.sub.x sensors 265, 262, 266, 268 located downstream of the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242 are used. The one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242 eliminate slip of ammonia NH.sub.3 in the exhaust gas stream before it reaches the NO.sub.x sensors 265, 262, 266, 268, wherefore the NO.sub.x sensors 265, 262, 266, 268 downstream of the ACSs only sense the nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream.

[0213] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one measurement performed by usage of one or more of the ammonia NH.sub.3 sensors 264, 265, 262, 266, 267, 268 located downstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232.

[0214] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one measurement performed by usage of the one or more ammonia NH.sub.3 sensors 265, 262, 266, 268 located downstream of the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242.

[0215] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on a combination of measurements performed by usage of the one or more nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensors 264, 265, 262, 266, 267, 268 located downstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232 and/or downstream of the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242 and/or by usage of the one or more ammonia NH.sub.3 sensors 264, 265, 262, 266, 267, 268 located downstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232 and/or downstream of the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242.

[0216] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one measurement performed by usage of the one or more nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x sensors 263, 266 located upstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232.

[0217] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on one or more estimations of the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream 203. Such estimations may for example be made for one or more positions in the exhaust treatment system corresponding to positions in which the above mentioned sensors are located.

[0218] Thus, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one estimation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x downstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232.

[0219] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one estimation of the concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x downstream of the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242.

[0220] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one estimation of the concentration of ammonia NH.sub.3 downstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232.

[0221] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one estimation of the concentration of ammonia NH.sub.3 downstream of the one or more ASCs 240, 241, 242.

[0222] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the determination 310 of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det is also based on at least one estimation of a concentration of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x in the exhaust stream 203 upstream of the one or more SCR catalysts 230, 231, 232.

[0223] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the dosage controlling further includes adjusting the dosage of the reductant, in relation to a reference dosage needed for providing a reduction of the at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n, with an amount of reductant being related to the weighted summation of the at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n.

[0224] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the engine control of concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx includes adjusting the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in the exhaust stream to be output from the combustion engine, in relation to a reference concentration needed for providing a reduction of the at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n, with a concentration adjustment being related to the weighted summation of the at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n.

[0225] Generally, by usage of these embodiments, it is possible to determine the actual as well as the required NH.sub.3 accumulation in the catalyst. Hereby, means are provided to establish a control concept that may keep the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation close to the required accumulation.

[0226] The purpose of using an SCR model as a basis when controlling the ammonia/urea dosing is to be able to handle the dynamics of ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation in the SCR catalyst. In order to realize such a concept, two other parts than the model are also needed. Firstly, a required accumulation, which is related to the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref is needed. Secondly a control method to keep the accumulation close to the required. Therefore, a control concept that forces the accumulation, being related to sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det, is towards the required is described. The control method is deduced from the herein described reference coverage and molar fraction profiles.

[0227] The accumulation of ammonia may depend on all four of the main operating conditions in the SCR catalyst, namely temperature, flow, ammonia NH.sub.3 and/or nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x concentration, which is utilized by the herein described embodiments.

[0228] As mentioned above, the operating conditions varies over time, and so will also the NH.sub.3 accumulation equilibrium. Therefore, the urea dosing needs to be adjusted according to the changes in ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation equilibrium when the operating conditions varies, i.e. a dynamic dosing is needed.

[0229] The static dosing and the equilibrium ammonium NH.sub.3 accumulation that is needed to determine the dynamic dosing properties represent the static/reference values that are needed for the ammonium NH.sub.3 accumulation control. Obtaining these values represents an optimization problem.

[0230] The required urea dosing is obtained from the sum of static and dynamic ammonia NH.sub.3 dosing. In molar fraction this is expressed as:

y.sub.ref,urea=(y.sub.ref,NH.sub.3.sub.,0+y.sub.dyn,NH.sub.3.sub.,0), (10)

[0231] where the factor represents number of urea molecules needed to form one NH.sub.3 molecule. As a simplification, it is assumed that the urea is completely converted into NH.sub.3. The urea flow is obtained by multiplying with the molar flow:

F.sub.ref,urea=Fy.sub.ref,urea (11)

[0232] The static dosing represents the ammonia NH.sub.3 that is consumed in the SCR catalyst when static/reference conditions are fulfilled. This is obtained directly from the NH.sub.3 reference generation:

y.sub.ref,NH.sub.3.sub.,0 (12)

[0233] The dynamic dosing represents an amount of reductant/ammonia NH.sub.3 that is either added to or subtracted from the static dosing in order to force the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation, related to the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det, towards the static coverage, related to the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref. The dynamic dosing is deduced from the dynamic NH.sub.3 mass balance:

[00006]$\begin{array}{cc}\frac{d.Math..Math.{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,k}}}{\mathrm{dt}}=\frac{1}{N}.Math.\left\{k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\left(1-{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right)-\left\{k_{\mathrm{des},k}-v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\right\}.Math.{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right\}& \left(13\right)\end{array}$

[0234] By multiplying both sides with catalyst mass and the number of sites, and by dividing with the molar flow, the net accumulation change rate in the same units as molar fraction is obtained:

[00007]$\begin{array}{cc}.Math..Math.y_{{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,k}}=\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.\left\{k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\left(1-{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right)-\left\{k_{\mathrm{des},k}-v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\right\}.Math.{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right\}& \left(14\right)\end{array}$

[0235] At reference coverage and molar fractions, this equals zero:

[00008]$\begin{array}{cc}0=\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.\left\{k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\left(1-{}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right)-\left\{k_{\mathrm{des},k}-v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\right\}.Math.{}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right\}& \left(15\right)\end{array}$

[0236] Where [0237] k denotes reaction rate coefficient; [0238] v denotes stoichiometric coefficient; [0239] ads denotes NH.sub.3 adsorption; [0240] des denotes NH.sub.3 desorption; [0241] red denotes NO.sub.x reduction; and [0242] ox denotes NH.sub.3 oxidation.

[0243] Now, let the coverage be perturbed from the reference condition with:

.sub.NH.sub.3,k=.sub.ref,NH.sub.3,k+.sub.NH.sub.3,k (16)

[0244] Inserting this into the rewritten dynamic ammonia NH.sub.3 mass balance, and subtracting the same equation at static/reference condition yields:

[00009]$\begin{array}{cc}.Math..Math.y_{\mathrm{dyn},{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,k}}=.Math.-\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.\left\{c_{\mathrm{tot},k}\left(k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}+v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}\right)+k_{\mathrm{des},k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\right\}.Math.{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}& \left(17\right)\end{array}$

[0245] This represents the amount of ammonia NH.sub.3 needed to force the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation, related to the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det towards the static coverage, related to the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref. The static mass balance for this dynamic ammonia NH.sub.3 over a section can be written as:

y.sub.dyn,NH.sub.3.sub.,k1=y.sub.dyn,NH.sub.3.sub.,k+y.sub.dyn,NH.sub.3.sub.,k (18)

[0246] Thus, the total amount of reductant/ammonia NH.sub.3 that is needed to force the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation, related to the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det, towards the static coverage, related to the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref, i.e. to reduce sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n towards zero through the entire catalyst is:

[00010]$\begin{array}{cc}{y}_{\mathrm{dyn},{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,0}}={.Math.}_{k=1}^K.Math.\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.\left\{c_{\mathrm{tot},k}\left(k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}+v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}\right)+k_{\mathrm{des},k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\right\}.Math.\left({}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}-{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right)& \left(19\right)\end{array}$

[0247] The dynamic dosing is thus a weighted sum of the differences between the reference coverage, related to the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref, and the actual coverage, related to the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det, over the catalyst sections:

y.sub.dyn,NH.sub.3,0=.sub.k=1.sup.Kw.sub.dyn,k(.sub.ref,NH.sub.3.sub.,k.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,k) (20)

[0248] Where the weight factor for each section is expressed as:

[00011]$\begin{array}{cc}{w}_{\mathrm{dyn},k}=\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.\left\{c_{\mathrm{tot},k}\left(k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}+v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}\right)+k_{\mathrm{des},k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\right\}& \left(21\right)\end{array}$

[0249] Thus, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n used for calculating said weighted summation are determined based on a sectional net change, i.e. an increase or a decrease, of an ammonia NH.sub.3 storage rate in relation to a sectional coverage degree and the exhaust flow F. Hereby, each one of the at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n relates the corresponding sectional difference Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n to the sectional net change, i.e. an increase or a decrease, of the ammonia NH.sub.3 storage rate, scaled by the exhaust flow.

[0250] According to an embodiment of the present invention, as the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation is influenced by the exhaust nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x content, controlling the engine out NO.sub.x is also a way to force the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation, related to the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det, towards the static coverage, related to the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref. Let engine out NO.sub.x be perturbed by a factor such that:

y.sub.NO.sub.x,0=c.sub.ctr,NO.sub.xy.sub.NO.sub.x.sub.,0 (22)

[0251] This perturbation factor represents the fractional change in engine out NO.sub.x that is needed to force the ammonium NH.sub.3 accumulation towards the static coverage, in order to minimize the sectional difference Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n. As all other conditions remain unchanged the nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x molar fraction in all catalyst sections is perturbed by the same factor such that:

y.sub.ctr,NO.sub.x.sub.,k=y.sub.NO.sub.x.sub.,k+c.sub.ctr,NO.sub.xy.sub.NO.sub.x.sub.,k (23)

[0252] Inserting this into the rewritten mass balance for adsorbed ammonia NH.sub.3, i.e. equation (14) above, and subtracting the same equation at reference condition yields:

[00012]$\begin{array}{cc}.Math..Math.y_{\mathrm{ctr},{\mathrm{NH}}_{3,k}}=-.Math..Math.c_{\mathrm{ctr}}.Math.\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}.Math.{}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}& \left(24\right)\end{array}$

[0253] This represents the corresponding change in local ammonia NH.sub.3 molar fraction that the perturbed engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x forces the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation towards the static coverage. The static mass balance for this effect on ammonia NH.sub.3 over a section can be written as:

y.sub.ctr,NH.sub.3.sub.,k1=y.sub.ctr,NH.sub.3.sub.,k+y.sub.ctr,NH.sub.3.sub.,k (25)

[0254] Thus, the total corresponding change in dosed ammonia NH.sub.3 that the perturbed engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x forces the ammonia NH.sub.3 accumulation towards the static coverage through the entire catalyst is (whereby a change in dosed ammonia NH.sub.3 is related to a change in engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x):

[00013]$\begin{array}{cc}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ctr},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,0}=-.Math..Math.c_{\mathrm{ctr},{\mathrm{NO}}_x}.Math.{.Math.}_{k=1}^K.Math.\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}.Math.{}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}& \left(26\right)\end{array}$

[0255] Setting this change in dosed ammonia NH.sub.3 equal to the dynamic dosing, i.e. equation (19) above, yields the following expression for the engine out NO.sub.x control factor:

[00014]$\begin{array}{cc}.Math..Math.c_{\mathrm{ctr},{\mathrm{NO}}_x}=-\frac{\begin{array}{c}{.Math.}_{k=1}^K.Math.\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.\{c_{\mathrm{tot},k}(k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}+\\ v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k})+k_{\mathrm{des},k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\}\end{array}}{{.Math.}_{k=1}^K.Math.\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}.Math.{}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}}..Math.\left({}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}-{}_{{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}\right)& \left(27\right)\end{array}$

[0256] This is also a weighted sum of the differences between reference coverage, i.e. the sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref, and the actual coverage, i.e. the sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det, over the catalyst sections:

c.sub.ctr,NO.sub.x=.sub.k=1.sup.Kw.sub.NO.sub.x.sub.,k(.sub.ref,NH.sub.3.sub.,k.sub.NH.sub.3.sub.,k) (28)

[0257] Where the weight factor for each section is expressed as:

[00015]$\begin{array}{cc}{w}_{{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}=-\frac{\begin{array}{c}\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.\{c_{\mathrm{tot},k}(k_{\mathrm{ads},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}+\\ v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k})+k_{\mathrm{des},k}+v_{\mathrm{ox}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{ox},k}\}\end{array}}{{.Math.}_{k=1}^K.Math.\frac{w_k}{F}.Math.v_{\mathrm{red}}.Math.k_{\mathrm{red},k}.Math.c_{\mathrm{tot},k}.Math.y_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NO}}_x,k}.Math.{}_{\mathrm{ref},{\mathrm{NH}}_3,k}}& \left(29\right)\end{array}$

[0258] Thus, according to an embodiment of the present invention, the at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n used for calculating said weighted summation are determined based on a sectional net change, i.e. an increase or a decrease, of an ammonia NH.sub.3 storage rate in relation to a sectional coverage degree and a converted exhaust flow of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x through the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. Hereby, each one of the at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n relates the corresponding sectional difference Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n to the sectional net change, i.e. an increase or a decrease, of the ammonia NH.sub.3 storage rate, scaled by the converted exhaust flow of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x through the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232.

[0259] The dynamic reductant dosing and the engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x control may be combined. For example, when the sum of static and dynamic dosing is negative, the negative part may, according to an embodiment, be actuated by increasing the engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x instead. Another case is when there is an upper limitation in dosing, where, according to an embodiment, the engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x may be decreased. It is also possible to always partly use the engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x control in order to reduce fuel consumption.

[0260] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above mentioned amount of reductant and/or the concentration adjustment used for adjusting the dosage and/or for adjusting the output concentration of nitrogen oxides are multiplied with an overall control gain. More in detail, the weighted summation of the at least two sectional differences Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n described herein is, according to the embodiment multiplied with the overall control gain. When adjusting the dosage of reductant, the static reductant dosing is not multiplied by the overall control gain, but the dynamic reductant dosing is multiplied, and therefore also altered, by the overall control gain. Correspondingly, when adjusting the output concentration of nitrogen oxides, only the engine out NO.sub.x control factor c.sub.ctr,NO.sub.x is multiplied with the gain, i.e. the perturbation factor representing the fractional change in engine out NO.sub.x may be written as (where gain is the overall control gain):

y.sub.NO.sub.x,0=(1+gain.Math.c.sub.ctr,NO.sub.x)y.sub.NO.sub.x.sub.,0 (30)

[0261] As mentioned above, this perturbation factor represents the fractional change in engine out NO.sub.x that is needed to force the ammonium NH.sub.3 accumulation towards the static coverage, in order to minimize the sectional difference Diff.sub.1, Diff.sub.2, . . . , Diff.sub.n.

[0262] The dynamic dosing and the engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x control factor yields a control action that is of the same magnitude as the total rate of nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x conversion through the SCR catalyst. In order to achieve a slower or faster approach towards the reference, i.e. towards minimized sectional differences, an overall control gain may be applied on the dynamic dosing and the engine out nitrogen oxides NO.sub.x control factor. This gain may, according to an embodiment, also be dependent on one or more operating conditions.

[0263] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the above mentioned at least two sectional weighting coefficients W.sub.1, W.sub.2, . . . , W.sub.n used for calculating the weighted summation are multiplied with a sectional control gain. As all control actions have immediate impact on the inlet position of the SCR catalyst and the dynamic of upstream positions attenuate the impact of control actions on downstream positions, it takes relatively longer time to reach the reference for downstream positions. In order to achieve a faster approach towards reference, i.e. towards minimized sectional differences, for downstream positions, sectional gains, e.g. having a value larger than one could be applied on/multiplied to the weight factors for such downstream positions.

[0264] A person skilled in the art will realise that a method for treatment of an exhaust stream according to the present invention, may also be implemented in a computer program, which when executed in a computer will cause the computer to execute the method. The computer program usually comprises a part of a computer program product 403, where the computer program product comprises a suitable non-volatile/permanent/persistent/durable digital storage medium, on which the computer program is stored. The non-volatile/permanent/persistent/durable computer readable medium comprises a suitable memory, e.g.: ROM (Read-Only Memory), PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable PROM), Flash, EEPROM (Electrically Erasable PROM), a hard disk device, etc.

[0265] FIG. 4 schematically shows a control device 400. The control device 400 comprises a calculation device 401, which may comprise essentially a suitable type of processor or microcomputer, e.g. a circuit for digital signal processing (Digital Signal Processor, DSP), or a circuit with a predetermined specific function (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC). The calculation device 401 is connected to a memory unit 402 installed in the control device 400, providing the calculation device 401 with e.g. the stored program code and/or the stored data which the calculation device 401 needs in order to be able to carry out calculations. The calculation device 401 is also set up to store interim or final results of calculations in the memory device 402.

[0266] Further, the control device 400 is equipped with devices 411, 412, 413, 414 for receiving and sending of input and output signals. These input and output signals may contain wave shapes, pulses or other attributes, which may be detected as information by the devices 411, 413 for the receipt of input signals and may be converted into signals that may be processed by the calculation device 401. These signals are then provided to the calculation device 401. The devices 412, 414 for sending output signals are arranged to convert the calculation result from the calculation unit 401 into output signals, for transfer to other parts of the vehicle's control system, and/or the component(s) for which the signals are intended, for example the fuel injections system of the engine, the EGR system, and/or the first and/or second dosage devices.

[0267] Each one of the connections to the devices for receiving and sending of input and output signals may comprise one or several of a cable; a data bus, such as a CAN (Controller Area Network) bus, a MOST (Media Oriented Systems Transport) bus, or any other bus configuration; or of a wireless connection.

[0268] A person skilled in the art will realise that the above-mentioned computer may comprise the calculation device 401, and that the above-mentioned memory may comprise the memory device 402.

[0269] Generally, control systems in modern vehicles comprise a communications bus system, including one or several communications buses to connect a number of electronic control devices (ECUs), or controllers, and different components localised on the vehicle. Such a control system may comprise a large number of control devices, and the responsibility for a specific function may be distributed among more than one control device. Vehicles of the type shown thus often comprise significantly more control devices than what is shown in FIG. 4, which is well known to a person skilled in the art within the technology area.

[0270] The present invention, in the embodiment shown, is implemented in the control device 400. The invention may, however, also be implemented wholly or partly in one or several other control devices already existing in the vehicle, or in a control device dedicated to the present invention.

[0271] Here, and in this document, devices are often described as being arranged to carry out steps in the method according to the invention. This also comprises that the devices are adapted and/or set up to carry out these method steps.

[0272] According to an aspect of the present invention, a system 200 is presented, which is arranged for controlling a sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det for at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 included in an exhaust gas treatment system 250 arranged for treating an exhaust stream 203 output from a combustion engine 201, as illustrated in FIGS. 2a-2b.

[0273] The system 200 includes a determination unit 281, which is arranged for determining 310 at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232 in the exhaust treatment system 250. The determination is performed based on a flow F, a temperature T and a composition C of the exhaust stream 203 upstream of the SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. The determination of the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det here includes determining at least two sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n for the at least two sections of the at least one SCR catalyst. The determination unit 281 may here be adapted to perform all herein described embodiments for the determination 310 of at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det.

[0274] The system 200 also includes a comparison unit 282, which is arranged for comparing 320 the at least one sectional ammonia coverage degree profile NH.sub.3_profile_det with at least one sectional reference profile for an ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref for the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. The at least one sectional reference profile for the ammonia coverage degree NH.sub.3_profile_ref includes at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n for at least two sections of the at least one SCR catalyst. Thus, the comparison includes comparing the at least two determined sectional ammonia coverage degrees NH.sub.3_det_1, NH.sub.3_det_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_det_n with the at least two sectional ammonia coverage reference degrees NH.sub.3_ref_1, NH.sub.3_ref_2, . . . , NH.sub.3_ref_n.

[0275] The comparison unit 282 may here be adapted to perform all herein described embodiments for comparison of NH.sub.3_profile_det with NH.sub.3_profile_ref.

[0276] The system further includes a control unit 283, which is arranged for controlling 330, based on the comparison 320 of NH.sub.3_profile_det with NH.sub.3_profile_ref, a concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in in the exhaust stream 203 to be output from the combustion engine 201 and/or a dosage of a reductant including ammonia NH.sub.3 to be injected into the exhaust stream 203 upstream of the at least one SCR catalyst 230, 231, 232. The control unit 283 may here be adapted to perform all the herein described embodiments for control of the concentration of nitrogen oxides C.sub.NOx in in the exhaust stream 203 and/or the dosage of the reductant.

[0277] The system according to the present invention may be arranged to perform all of the method embodiments described above and in the claims, so that the system for the respective embodiments obtains the above described advantages for the respective embodiments.

[0278] According to an aspect, the present invention may be implemented in a vehicle 100 including the engine 101, 201, the exhaust gas treatment system 250, the system 200 according to the present invention, and possibly also other vehicle parts/units/devices, e.g. as described in FIG. 1.

[0279] As mentioned above in connection with FIGS. 2a and 2b, the exhaust gas treatment system 250 may have many forms, and may include one or more of one SCR catalyst 230, one SCR catalyst 230 downstream followed by one ASC 240, at least two selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2) catalysts 231, 232, and/or at least two selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR.sub.1, SCR.sub.2) catalysts 231, 232 each one possibly being followed downstream by an Ammonia Slip Catalyst ASC.sub.1, ASC.sub.2 241, 242.

[0280] The at least one control unit 280 is in FIGS. 2a and 2b illustrated as including separately illustrated units 281, 282, 283. These units 281, 282, 283 can, however, be logically separated but physically implemented in the same unit, or can be both logically and physically arranged together. These units 281, 282, 283 can for example correspond to groups of instructions, which can be in the form of programming code, that are input into, and are utilized by a processor/computing unit 401 when the units are active and/or are utilized for performing its method step, respectively.

[0281] A person skilled in the art will also realise that the above system may be modified according to the different embodiments of the method according to the invention. In addition, the invention relates to a motor vehicle 100, for example a truck or a bus, comprising at least one system for treatment of an exhaust stream.

[0282] The present invention is not limited to the embodiments of the invention described above, but pertains to and comprises all embodiments within the scope of the enclosed independent claims.