PLATE FOR COVERING HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL SURFACES

Abstract

A lining plate having an outer decorative layer, a support layer having at least magnesium oxide or magnesium oxide with perlite and/or vermiculite and/or cellulose, a barrier membrane to reduce or avoid water and moisture intrusion, and a self-adhesive foam material layer with an adhesive surface to be placed on a surface to be lined, the layer being provided with a plurality of perforations. The support layer has a non-homogeneous density in its thickness, distinguishing a first thickness, following the decorative layer, and a second thickness, between the first thickness and the barrier membrane, in which the density in the first thickness is greater than the density in the second thickness. The support layer is provided with a reinforcing structure formed by meshes or by a fabric of a composite material located within the second thickness of the support layer.

Claims

1. A lining plate for lining horizontal and vertical surfaces, having a rectangular format and comprising: an outer decorative layer made of a luxury vinyl tile (LVT), a polyurethane (PU) sheet or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet; a support layer joined to the outer decorative layer and that comprises at least one of the following: magnesium oxide; magnesium oxide with perlite; magnesium oxide with vermiculite; magnesium oxide with cellulose; magnesium oxide with perlite and vermiculite; magnesium oxide with perlite and cellulose; magnesium oxide with vermiculite and cellulose; and magnesium oxide with perlite, vermiculite and cellulose; the support layer having a thickness between 3 and 10 mm; and a self-adhesive foam material layer of a density equal to or greater than 50 Kg/m.sup.3 and of a thickness comprised between 1 mm and 10 mm, with an outer surface provided with an adhesive intended to be placed on the surface to be lined, wherein the foam material of the self-adhesive layer is a polymeric material selected for the group consisting of irradiation cross-linked polyethylene (IXPE) foam, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) foam, polyurethane (PU) foam and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) foam, and wherein the self-adhesive layer is provided with a plurality of perforations having an oblong contour on the outer surface of the self-adhesive layer, each perforation having an elliptical or rectangular base with rounded corners of a surface comprised between 0.7 cm.sup.2 and 20 cm.sup.2.

2. The lining plate according to claim 1, wherein the perforations are oriented with the longest side thereof arranged parallel to the longest sides of the lining plate and the perforations of the self-adhesive foam material layer reach the support layer.

3. The lining plate according to claim 2, wherein the perforations are arranged in a staggered formation throughout the entire surface of the plate.

4. The lining plate according to claim 1, wherein the perforations of the self-adhesive foam material layer reach the support layer, wherein the foam material of the self-adhesive layer is an irradiation cross-linked polyethylene (IXPE) foam, wherein the outer decorative layer is made of a luxury vinyl tile (LVT) or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet, and wherein the adhesive of the self-adhesive layer comprises ethyl acetate.

5. The lining plate according to claim 4, wherein some or all of the perforations are filled with a filler of acrylic-based glue.

6. The lining plate according to claim 3, wherein some or all of the perforations are filled with a filler of acrylic-based glue.

7. The lining plate according to claim 3, wherein the outer surface provided with an adhesive of the self-adhesive foam material layer has a perimeter margin devoid of perforations, wherein the foam material of the self-adhesive layer is an irradiation cross-linked polyethylene (IXPE) foam, and wherein the outer decorative layer is made of a luxury vinyl tile (LVT) or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet, and wherein the adhesive of the self-adhesive layer comprises ethyl acetate.

8. A lining plate for vertical and horizontal surfaces, which comprises at least one of the following layers arranged in order from an exposed face, intended to be exposed to the exterior, to a hidden face, intended to be oriented to the surface to be lined: an outer decorative layer; a support layer comprising at least one of the following materials from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium oxide with perlite and/or vermiculite and/or cellulose; a self-adhesive foam material layer with a surface provided with an adhesive surface intended to be placed on the surface to be lined, the self-adhesive foam material layer being provided with a plurality of perforations; wherein the lining plate comprises a barrier layer or a barrier membrane to reduce or avoid water and moisture intrusion, being provided between the support layer and the self-adhesive foam material layer; wherein the support layer has a non-homogeneous density in its thickness, distinguishing a first thickness, following the decorative layer, and a second thickness, between the first thickness and the barrier layer or the barrier membrane, in which the density of the support layer in the first thickness is greater than the density in the second thickness; and wherein the support layer is provided with a reinforcing structure formed by meshes or by a fabric, being of a composite material, the reinforcing structure being located within the second thickness of the support layer.

9. The lining plate according to claim 8, wherein the barrier layer or the barrier membrane is made of hydrophobic polyurethane.

10. The lining plate according to claim 8, wherein the composite material of the reinforcing structure is made of fiberglass.

11. The lining plate according to claim 8, wherein density in the first thickness of the support layer is greater than 1000 Kg/m.sup.3 and density in the second thickness of the support layer is less than 1000 Kg/m.sup.3.

12. The lining plate according to claim 11, wherein density in the first thickness of the support layer is comprised between 1100 and 1200 Kg/m.sup.3, and density in the second thickness of the support layer is comprised between 800 and 900 Kg/m.sup.3.

13. The lining plate according to claim 8, wherein at least two of lateral sides of the lining plate opposite each other are each one configured by a first inclined lateral surface, which encompasses at least the whole part of the lateral side corresponding to the decorative layer, and by a second inclined lateral surface, which encompasses the rest of the lateral side of the lining plate, wherein the intersection of the two inclined lateral surfaces forms an edge projecting on the part of the lateral side corresponding to the support layer, and wherein the first inclined lateral surface and the second inclined lateral surface form an inner angle greater than 70 and less than 180.

14. The lining plate according to claim 13, wherein the lining plate has four lateral sides and each one is configured by a first inclined lateral surface, which encompasses at least a part of the lateral side corresponding to the decorative layer, and by a second inclined lateral surface, which encompasses the rest of the lateral side of the lining plate, wherein the intersection of the two inclined lateral surfaces forms an edge projecting on the part of the lateral side corresponding to the support layer, and wherein the first inclined lateral surface and the second inclined lateral surface form an inner angle greater than 70 and less than 180.

15. The lining plate according to claim 14, wherein the second inclined lateral surface, which configures the part of the lateral side of the lining plate encompassing the part from the projecting edge to the self-adhesive foam material layer, forms an angle comprised between 75 and 80 measured from the outside of the second inclined lateral surface with a plane parallel to the surface of the hidden face of the lining plate intended to be oriented to the surface to be lined.

16. The lining plate according to claim 13, wherein each projecting edge is located in the part of a respective lateral side corresponding to the first thickness of the support layer, wherein the first inclined lateral surface encompasses the whole part of the lateral side of the decorative layer and a part of the lateral side of the first thickness, and wherein the second inclined lateral surface encompasses the remaining part of the lateral side of the lining plate which goes from the projecting edge to the adhesive surface of the self-adhesive foam material layer.

17. The lining plate according to claim 13, wherein the first thickness and the second thickness of the support layer have a same thickness value, comprised between 1.3 and 1.8 mm.

18. The lining plate according to claim 17, wherein the first thickness and the second thickness of the support layer have each one thickness value of 1.5 mm.

19. The lining plate according to claim 17, wherein the barrier layer or the barrier membrane is made of hydrophobic polyurethane, wherein the composite material of the reinforcing structure is made of fiberglass, wherein density in the first thickness of the support layer is greater than 1000 Kg/m.sup.3 and density in the second thickness of the support layer is less than 1000 Kg/m.sup.3, wherein the self-adhesive foam material layer has a density which is equal to or greater than 25 Kg/m.sup.3 and is made of an irradiation cross-linked polyethylene (IXPE) foam, wherein the decorative layer has a density comprised between 1450 Kg/m.sup.3 and 1550 Kg/m.sup.3 and is made of a luxury vinyl tile (LVT) or a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) sheet, with a thickness comprised between 0.3 and 5 mm, and wherein the perforations of the self-adhesive foam material layer reach the barrier layer or the barrier membrane in such a way that the bottom of each perforation is formed by a section of the barrier layer or the barrier membrane.

20. The lining plate according to claim 19, wherein the adhesive of the self-adhesive layer comprises ethyl acetate.

21. The lining plate according to claim 13, wherein the support layer further comprises magnesium sulfate.

22. The lining plate according to claim 19, wherein support layer further comprises magnesium sulfate.

23. The lining plate according to claim 13, wherein the support layer further comprises magnesium sulfate, pearlite, bits of wood and lithopone.

24. The lining plate according to claim 19, wherein the support layer further comprises magnesium sulfate, pearlite, bits of wood and lithopone.

25. The lining plate according to claim 20, wherein the support layer further comprises magnesium sulfate, pearlite, bits of wood and lithopone.

26. The lining plate according to claim 19, wherein the perforations have an elliptical or oblong contour on the adhesive surface, wherein the lining plate has a rectangular format, wherein a perforation is provided in each corner area of a rectangle which configures the hidden face of the lining plate, and wherein lateral margins of said rectangle are provided at least with a perforation located between the corner perforations.

27. A kit for lining vertical and horizontal surfaces, comprising a plurality of lining plates as defined in claim 19, a first container of a glue for filling some or all of the perforations of the lining plates, and a second container of sealant silicone to apply in a gap between the respective second lateral surfaces of pairs of lining plates to be disposed adjacent.

28. The kit for lining vertical and horizontal surfaces according to claim 26, wherein the support layer of the lining plates comprises magnesium sulfate, pearlite, bits of wood and lithopone and wherein the adhesive of the self-adhesive layer comprises ethyl acetate.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0061] The accompanying drawings illustrate, by way of non-limiting examples, preferred embodiments of the lining plates, object of the invention. In said drawings:

[0062] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a rectangular lining plate, object of the invention according to its first aspect, according to a cross section in a parallel direction to the shortest side of the plate;

[0063] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the plate in FIG. 1 but according to a cross section with a direction parallel to the longest side of the plate;

[0064] FIG. 3 is a plan view of the outer surface of the self-adhesive foam material layer provided with oblong perforations of the plate in FIG. 1;

[0065] FIGS. 4 and 5 schematically show the distribution of the perforations of the self-adhesive layer according to two preferred embodiments for the plate of FIG. 1;

[0066] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the plate in FIG. 1, object of the invention, once the lining is placed on a horizontal surface;

[0067] FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a rectangular lining plate, object of the invention according to its second aspect, according to a cross section in a parallel direction to the shortest side of the plate;

[0068] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the plate in FIG. 7 but according to a cross section with a direction parallel to the longest side of the plate;

[0069] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 7 but of a second embodiment of the lining plate object of the invention according to its second aspect;

[0070] FIG. 10 is a view of the lining plate of FIG. 7 from its exposed face;

[0071] FIG. 11 is a view of the lining plate of FIG. 7 from its hidden face, wherein perforations are provided on the adhesive surface of the self-adhesive foam material layer;

[0072] FIG. 12 is a same view as FIG. 11 but differing in that some of the perforations have been filled with acrylic-based glue before arranging the lining plate on the surface to be lined;

[0073] FIG. 13 is a view similar to FIG. 12 but of a lining plate with a rectangular format longer than that shown in FIG. 12;

[0074] FIG. 14 is a view of the lining plate of FIG. 8 wherein said plate is shown arranged lining a part of a surface that has some irregularities and wherein the perforation of the plate have been filled with acrylic-based glue; and

[0075] FIG. 15 is a detailed view of the arrangement of two lining plates like the one of FIG. 8 contacting by the projecting edges of their opposed lateral sides, showing a sealant silicone cord in the gap or space between the second inclined lateral surfaces of the lining plates.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0076] FIGS. 1 and 2 schematically show a transverse cross section and a longitudinal cross section of the lining plate 1 in a rectangular format for lining horizontal surfaces 10 (see FIG. 6), such as floors or pavement and vertical surfaces, such as walls.

[0077] The lining plate 1 represented comprises several layers, among which it is relevant to mention an outer decorative layer 2, a support layer 3, which constitutes the resistant core of the plate, and a self-adhesive layer 4 made of a foam material, specifically ethylene-vinyl acetate, known as EVA, with a density of at least 50 Kg/m.sup.3 (preferably between 100 and 200 Kg/m.sup.3), and with an outer surface provided with an adhesive 5 which preferably comprises ethyl acetate or a copolymer of ethylene-vinyl acetate. The self-adhesive layer 4 is intended to be placed directly on the horizontal or vertical surface 10 which is to be lined, and has the special feature of being provided with a plurality of perforations 6, each one of which defines a perforation with an oblong contour on the outer surface of the self-adhesive layer 4, i.e., the contour thereof defines a shape that is longer than it is wide. Preferably, each perforation 6 has a rectangular base with rounded corners, similar to the contour of a capsule, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, or an elliptical base, as shown in FIG. 5. Other embodiments of lining plates 1, not shown in the drawings, include perforations 6 that have other shapes, such as circles, or which use IXPE, PU foam or PVC as a foam material for the self-adhesive layer, with a density equal to, or greater than, 50 Kg/m.sup.3.

[0078] As shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, the perforations 6 are arranged in a staggered formation throughout the entire surface of the lining plate 1. By staggered formation arrangement, we mean that the perforations 6 form parallel rows such that the perforations 6 of one row are arranged in a position approximately at the halfway point between the holes of the next row over, such that they preferably form equilateral triangles. Thus, in the example shown in FIG. 3, there are eight rows of perforations 6 in alternating positions, such that the space of adhesive surface between two contiguous perforations 6 in a row is occupied in the next row over by a perforation 6. Preferably, the oblong perforations 6 are oriented with the longest side thereof arranged parallel to the longest side of the lining plate 1. Thus, in the lining plate 1 of FIG. 3, the oblong perforations 6 follow a longitudinal direction.

[0079] This staggered formation arrangement prevents straight continuous strips of adhesive surface 5 from existing on central areas of the outer surface of the self-adhesive layer 4, since said strips would make it likely for part of the foam material of the self-adhesive layer 4 to remain stuck on the horizontal or vertical surface when the lining plate 1 is removed. In FIGS. 4 and 5, by means of arrows in a stepped trajectory, it is shown that in the central area of the lining plate 1 there is not a straight continuous strip provided with adhesive 5 because the spaces on the surface with adhesive 5 between two perforations 6 of a row are interrupted by the perforations 6 of the next row over.

[0080] However, the lining plate 1 does have two horizontal and two vertical continuous strips of adhesive 5 on its perimeter margins along the entire length and width of the plate in order to ensure that the lining plate 1 is correctly fixed to the horizontal surface 10 at the edges of the plate without causing an inconvenience when the surface of the plate is removed, since in these areas there is no residue adhered to the horizontal surface 10. Also in FIG. 3, one can see that the shortest sides of the lining plate 1 have smaller portions of perforations on the outer surface provided with adhesive 5 of the self-adhesive layer 4, equivalent to the break of a perforation 6 with an oblong contour in order to preserve the continuous perimeter margin, which it is provided with adhesive 5 throughout its entire length.

[0081] The perforation surface of the self-adhesive foam material layer 4 represents between 60% and 70% of the entire rectangular surface of the lining plate 1. The perforated surface that represents a perforation on the outer surface of the self-adhesive layer 4 depends on the total surface of the plate, although by way of example, a perforation 6 may be a perforation area on the outer surface from 0.7 cm.sup.2 to 20 cm.sup.2.

[0082] With regard to the materials, the support layer 3 comprises magnesium oxide or magnesium oxide with perlite and/or vermiculite and/or cellulose, or fiber cement (also known as fiber reinforced cement), or fiber cement with perlite and/or vermiculite and/or cellulose, or mortar with perlite and/or vermiculite and/or cellulose, with a thickness comprised between 3 and 10 mm. Preferably, the support layer 3 is of magnesium oxide with perlite, vermiculite and cellulose, with a thickness comprised between 3 and 5 mm, the preferred thickness being 3 mm. In addition to providing a robust quality to the plate, these materials have a high dimensional stability, since they absorb water or moisture without swelling or varying their dimensions, especially magnesium oxide, and have very good expansion and contraction coefficients in conditions of realistic temperatures in order to ensure a good performance, without the joints opening between the plates, without some plates pushing up against others and without breaks in the click or male-female connections which might be at the perimeter edges.

[0083] With regard to the decorative layer 2, it is preferable that it be a luxury vinyl tile (LVT) with a thickness comprised between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, even more preferably between 1.5 mm and 2 mm, although in other embodiments of the lining plate 1, PU or PVC may be considered for the decorative layer 2.

[0084] In FIGS. 1 and 2, it can be seen that on the lining plate 1, the adhesive 5 of the self-adhesive layer 4 is covered on its outside by a removable sheet of paper 7. This removable sheet of paper 7 is removed from the lining plate 1 by the user just before applying the sheet to the horizontal or vertical surface, thus preventing the lining from adhering to other surfaces or taking an incorrect position.

[0085] The perforations 6 with an oblong contour with which the self-adhesive EVA layer 4 is provided allow the user or worker who applies the lining on the horizontal or vertical surface 10 to fill in said perforations 6 with silicone or glue, or with a similar material, thereby reinforcing the adhesive properties of the plate on the horizontal or vertical surface 10, in addition to the adhesive action of the adhesive which is already provided on the outer surface of the foam material layer.

[0086] In FIG. 6 the perforations 6 are shown to be filled with a filler 8 of acrylic-based glue, which is resistant to the temperature changes to which floor and wall linings are often subjected without breaking apart and is removable indefinitely, the lining plate 1 being able to be placed and removed from the surface without the plate leaving any residue of glue, adhesive or foam material. When the lining plate 1 is to be applied to a vertical surface, the perforations 6 will be filled with said acrylic-based glue, so that the lining plate adheres better to the surface and resists the weight of the lining plate. With regard to the lining on horizontal surfaces 10, in the majority of the cases it is not necessary to fill in the perforations 6, except in situations in which there are many people passing over them or when the finishing of the horizontal surface 10 is porous and has imperfections, as shown in FIG. 6.

[0087] FIGS. 7 and 8 schematically show a cross section and a longitudinal section of a rectangular format lining plate 1 for covering or lining horizontal as well as vertical surfaces 10 (see FIGS. 14 and 15), for example floors or pavements, and vertical surfaces such as walls.

[0088] The lining plate 1 shown is composed of the following layers arranged in order from its exposed face 91 (face intended to be exposed to the exterior, see FIG. 10) to its hidden face 92 (face intended to be oriented to the surface 10 to be coated or lined, see FIGS. 11-13): [0089] an outer decorative layer 2; [0090] a support layer 3 comprising at least one of the following materials from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium oxide with perlite and/or vermiculite and/or cellulose; [0091] a barrier layer or a barrier membrane 70 to reduce or avoid water and moisture intrusion, preferably being hydrophobic polyurethane; and [0092] a self-adhesive foam material layer 4 with an adhesive surface 5, intended to be placed on the surface 10 to be coated or lined, provided with a plurality of perforations 6.

[0093] The support layer 3 has a non-homogeneous density in its thickness, distinguishing a first thickness 31, following the decorative layer 2, and a second thickness 32, between the first thickness 31 and the barrier layer or the barrier membrane 70. The density of the support layer 3 in the first thickness 31 is between 1100 and 1200 Kg/m.sup.3, whereas the density in the second thickness 32 is between 800 and 900 Kg/m.sup.3.

[0094] To manufacture the support layer 3 there is a rectangular mold formed by a rectangular base and a perimeter frame of low height, or the mold is formed by a flat tray (practically without vertical edges), the base or tray being supported horizontally. Several components are poured from above. Among some of these components, there is a base material that sets or hardens when drying, or a chemical binder, mineral particles such as perlite or vermiculite, aggregates, high performance modifiers, pigments, etc. Preferred further components forming the support layer 3 are perlite (preferably ground pearlite), magnesium sulfate (MgSO.sub.4), wood particles and lithopone.

[0095] When the magnesium oxide is added to the materials already poured into the mold, by gravity and their small size in relation to the other components, the magnesium oxide particles passes between the other components and are deposited to a greater extent in the lower half of the mold thickness. In addition, the mold or the tray is also subjected to vibration and then is left to dry. The bottom of the mold, where most of magnesium oxide particles are deposited, presents a surface of fine finish, since said particles are of small size. For this reason, this surface of the support layer 3 is chosen for its subsequent bonding by gluing with the decorative layer 2. As a result, a support layer 3 is obtained wherein a first thickness 31 and a second thickness 32 with a lower density than the first one are distinguished.

[0096] Once the support layer 3 has been extracted from the mold, the part corresponding to the first thickness 31 will be the one to be joined to the decorative layer 2, since it is the part that occupied the lower half of the mold and which results in having a greater density and a smoother surface finish.

[0097] It should be mentioned that the arrangement of the horizontal mold is also used to introduce a reinforcing structure 80 formed by meshes or a fabric, pressing the structure until sinking it is approximately at a quarter of the total thickness of the support layer 3. The reinforcing structure 80 is formed by meshes, for example, in the form of quadrilaterals, of a composite material such as fiberglass. The reinforcing structure 80 contributes to not transmitting the bending of the decorative layer 2, which usually comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC), to the support layer 3 when the PVC is subjected to high temperatures or considerable temperature differences in its surface.

[0098] The decorative layer 2 is preferably a floor or luxury vinyl tile (LVT), based on PVC, and its density is approximately 1500 Kg/m.sup.3. LVT is made up of several layers, the main component of which is PVC. By being attached to the part of the support layer 3 corresponding to the first thickness 31, with a density between 1100 and 1200 Kg/m.sup.3, a balance of the densities of the layers is achieved since the density of the decorative layer 2, mainly made of vinyl, is closer to the density of the first thickness 31 than to the density of the second thickness 32.

[0099] In terms of thicknesses, a balance between the different layers has also been sought. Thus, the decorative layer 2 preferably has a thickness of about 1 mm when it is made of vinyl, and the support layer 3 has a total thickness of about 3 mm, distributed in 1.5 mm of the first thickness 31 and 1.5 mm of the second thickness 32. The reinforcing structure 80 is located approximately in the middle of the second thickness 32 in a plane roughly parallel to the layer arrangement in the lining plate 1.

[0100] Then, the barrier layer or the barrier membrane 70 is joined to the face of the support layer 3 corresponding to the second thickness 32 to reduce or prevent water and moisture intrusion. Said barrier membrane 70 is a varnish or paint of hydrophobic polyurethane and once the polyurethane is dried, the self-adhesive foam material layer 4 is glued thereto. The plurality of perforations 6 may have already been made to the self-adhesive foam material layer 4.

[0101] The foam material layer 4 has a density equal to or greater than 25 Kg/m.sup.3 and is preferably made of IXPE, i.e. cross-linked polyethylene foam. The adhesive surface 5 of the foam material layer 4 contains an adhesive compatible with the foam material 4 and its basic component is ethyl acetate. Although not shown in the drawings, the lining plate 1 is usually presented with the adhesive surface 5 covered externally by a removably sheet of paper 7. This removable sheet of paper 7 is removed from the lining plate 1 by the user just before applying the sheet to the horizontal or vertical surface 10, thus preventing the lining plate 1 from adhering to other surfaces or taking an incorrect position.

[0102] In FIGS. 10 and 11 of the rectangular-shaped lining plate 1, it is observed that each of the four lateral edges 93, 94, 95 and 96 is configured by a first inclined lateral surface 11, which encompasses at least the part of the lateral side corresponding to the decorative layer 2, and by a second inclined lateral surface 12, which encompasses the rest of the lateral side, the intersection of the two inclined lateral surfaces 11 and 12 forming an edge 13 on the part of the lateral side corresponding to the support layer 3 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. The projecting edge 13 is located in the part of the support layer 3, particularly in the first thickness 31. However, in FIG. 9. there is another embodiment of the lining plate 1 in which the edge 13 is located at the height of the junction between the decorative layer 2 and the support layer 3. In FIGS. 7-9 and 14-15 it is appreciated that the first inclined lateral surface 11 and the second inclined lateral surface 12 form an interior angle (measured from inside the lining plate 1) greater than 70 and less than 180.

[0103] By way of example of embodiment, the second inclined lateral surface 12, which configures the part of the lining plate 1 encompassing the protruding edge 13 to the adhesive surface 5 on each lateral side 93, 94, 95, 96, forms preferably an angle comprised between 75 and 80 measured from the outside of the second inclined lateral surface 12 with a plane parallel to the surface of the hidden face 92 of the lining plate 1.

[0104] It should be mentioned that in the lining plates 1 shown in the drawings, the four lateral sides 93, 94, 95 and 96 are configured with a first inclined lateral surface 11 and a second inclined lateral surface 12 which converge in an edge 13 projecting from the respective lateral side 93, 94, 95, 96. However, other embodiments of the lining plate 1 may consider that only two mutually opposite lateral sides 93-94 or 95-96 have said inclined surface configuration.

[0105] This configuration of the lateral sides 93, 94, 95 and 96 allows a simple way of placing adjacent lining plates 1 on the surface 10 to be coated or lined. The lining plates 1 are placed next to one another with their projecting edges 10 of their side edges 96-95, 94-93 in contact. An observer visualizing the lining place on the surface 10 will see a surface completely coated or lined, without joints. However, because the lateral edges comprise the second inclined lateral surfaces 12, a space or gap is created between said opposite second inclined lateral surfaces 12, the respective projecting edges 13 and the part of the surface 10 on which the lining plates 1 have been placed. A silicone cord 62 will be placed in this space, which obviously will have to be placed on the part of the surface 10 that is next to the second inclined lateral surface 12 of the first lining plate 1 that has been placed, before placing the second adjacent lining plate 1. The silicone cord 62, or similar sealing material, will not be visible from the outside, but will continue to protect from undesired condensation on the surface 10. Furthermore, the contact between the projecting edges 13 contributes greatly to physically avoid that cleaning liquids or condensations on the decorative layers 2 of the lining plates 1 may access the space of the joint between said lining plates 1.

[0106] In this way, the placement of the lining plates 1 is very easy. The operator can be guided by the contact of the respective projecting edges 13 that occurs when the second lining plate 1 is placed next to another one already placed on the surface 10. In addition, two lining plates 1 placed in this way can rotate around their respective projecting edges 13 by which they contact each other and this allows the plates to be inclined respectively to better adapt to the morphology of the surface 10 being lined without being perceptible from the outer separation joints.

[0107] Advantageously, the lining plates 1 are presented to the operator or user who wishes to line a horizontal or vertical surface 10 as a part of a lining kit or a lining system that, in addition to a plurality of lining plates 1 to cover or line the area of the surface 10, comprises a first container containing a filler 8 which is an acrylic-based glue for filling some or all of the perforations 6 of the liner plates 1, and a second container containing silicone sealant for arranging a cord 62 of said silicone in the space described above between the two second inclined surfaces 12, as shown in FIG. 15.

[0108] With regard to the perforations 6 of which the foam material layer 4 is provided, and also its adhesive surface 5, it should be mentioned that said perforations 6 are communicating with the barrier membrane 70 to reduce or prevent water and moisture intrusion (made of hydrophobic polyurethane), so that the bottom of each perforation 6 is formed by a portion of this barrier membrane 70. The perforations 6 have preferably an elliptical or oblong outline or contour on the adhesive surface 5, as shown in FIGS. 11-13, oriented mostly in the direction of the length of the lining plate 1.

[0109] Although there are different patterns of distribution of the perforations 6, and starting from the basis that the lining plate 1 has a rectangular format, a perforation 6 is preferably provided in each corner area of a rectangle which configures the hidden face 92 of the lining plate 1, and lateral margins of said rectangle are provided at least with a perforation 6 located between said corner perforations 6. In FIGS. 12 it is seen, unlike FIG. 11, that some of the perforations 6 have been filled with acrylic-based glue (filler 8) before arranging the lining plate 1 on the surface 10 to be lined. FIG. 13 shows a format of lining plate format that is more elongated than that of FIG. 12.

[0110] The acrylic base glue of the filler 8 is resistant to the temperature changes to which the floor and wall lining plates are usually subjected without decomposing and can be removed practically indefinitely, thus being able to place and remove the lining plate 1 from the surface 10 without the plate leaving any traces of glue, adhesive or foam material. When the liner plate 1 is to be applied on a vertical surface 10, the perforations 6 will be filled with said acrylic-based glue so that the lining plate 1 will be adhered better to the surface 10 and resist the weight of the lining plate 1 itself. In relation to the lining of horizontal surfaces 10, in most cases it is not necessary to fill the perforations 6, except in those situations where there is a lot of traffic of people or when the finish of the horizontal surface 10 is porous and has some imperfections, as shown in FIG. 14.