SYSTEM AND METHOD TO DETERMINE A FLOW RATE OF A WASHING LIQUID AT AN EXHAUST GAS INLET OF AN EXHAUST GAS CLEANING SYSTEM OF A MARINE VESSEL

Abstract

The present application relates to a system and method to determine a total flow rate Q.sub.tot of a washing liquid at a washing liquid inlet of an exhaust gas cleaning unit installed in a marine vessel, the exhaust gas cleaning unit comprising a scrubber pipe and two or more spraying nozzles mounted at different height levels in the scrubber pipe, being adapted to spray washing liquid into the exhaust gas present in the scrubber pipe and being operated by a valve adapted to open and to close the respective spraying nozzle. The system comprises at least one pressure sensor arranged to measure the pressure P outside the scrubber pipe before the valve operating the uppermost active spraying nozzle, and a process controller calculating the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the exhaust gas inlet of the exhaust gas cleaning unit by summing up the flow rate Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid flowing through each of the individual active spraying nozzles.

Claims

1. System to determine a total flow rate Q.sub.tot of a washing liquid at a washing liquid inlet of an exhaust gas cleaning unit installed in a marine vessel, the exhaust gas cleaning unit comprising a scrubber pipe comprising an exhaust gas flowing between an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet; two or more spraying nozzles mounted at different height levels in the scrubber pipe, wherein each of the spraying nozzles is adapted to spray washing liquid into the exhaust gas present in the scrubber pipe in order to clean at least part of the SO.sub.x out of the exhaust gas; and operated by a valve adapted to open and to close the respective spraying nozzle, and comprising an uppermost active spraying nozzle that is opened and activated by its respective valve; wherein the system comprises at least one pressure sensor arranged to measure a pressure P applied to the uppermost active spraying nozzle, expressed in Bar; and a process controller calculating the flow rate Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid flowing through each of the individual active spraying nozzles, expressed in litre per minute or m.sup.3/h, using the formula:
Qind=K{square root over ((P)}pressure correction+height correction), wherein K is a spraying nozzle factor depending on the type of spraying nozzle, the pressure correction is a correction factor of the pressure P as a function of the elevation of the respective spraying nozzle in the scrubber pipe, expressed in Bar, and the height correction is a correction factor of the pressure P based on the height difference between the location of the pressure sensor to the respective active spraying nozzle where the flow rate is calculated, expressed in Bar; and calculating the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the washing liquid inlet of the exhaust gas cleaning unit, expressed in liter per minute or m.sup.3/h, by summing up the different flow rates Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid through each of the individual active spraying nozzles.

2. System according to claim 1, wherein the pressure P applied to the uppermost active spraying nozzle is the pressure of the washing liquid measured outside the scrubber pipe before the uppermost active spraying nozzle.

3. System according to claim 1, wherein the spraying nozzles are of the spiral type.

4. System according to claim 1, wherein the valves operating the spraying nozzles are remotely controlled.

5. Method to determine a total flow rate Q.sub.tot of a washing liquid at an washing liquid inlet of an exhaust gas cleaning unit installed in a marine vessel, the exhaust gas cleaning unit comprising a scrubber pipe comprising an exhaust gas flowing between an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet in the scrubber pipe and two or more spraying nozzles in the scrubber pipe; wherein the method comprises the steps of spraying washing liquid by means of two or more active spraying nozzles, that are opened and activated by a respective operable valve, and that are arranged at different heights in the scrubber pipe of the exhaust gas cleaning unit, into the exhaust gas present in the scrubber pipe for cleaning at least part of the SO.sub.x out of the exhaust gas, measuring a pressure P applied to an uppermost active spraying nozzle opened and activated by its respective valve, expressed in Bar, using one or more pressure sensors; calculating the flow rate Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid flowing through each of the separate active spraying nozzles, expressed in litre per minute, by means of a process controller using the formula:
Qind=K{square root over ((P)}pressure correction+height correction) wherein K is a spraying nozzle factor depending on the type of spraying nozzle, the pressure correction is a correction factor of the pressure P as a function of the elevation of the respective spraying nozzle in the scrubber pipe, expressed in Bar, and the height correction is a correction factor of the pressure P based on the height difference between the location of the pressure sensor to the respective spraying nozzle where the flow rate is calculated, expressed in Bar; calculating the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the washing liquid inlet of the exhaust gas cleaning unit, expressed in liter per minute or m.sup.3/h, by means of the process controller by summing up the different flow rates Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid through each of the individual active spraying nozzles.

6. Method according to claim 5, wherein the pressure P and the height correction are determined during installation of the exhaust gas cleaning unit.

7. Method according to claim 5, wherein the method uses a system to determine a total flow rate Q.sub.tot of a washing liquid at a washing liquid inlet of an exhaust gas cleaning unit installed in a marine vessel, the exhaust gas cleaning unit comprising a scrubber pipe comprising an exhaust gas flowing between an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet two or more spraying nozzles mounted at different height levels in the scrubber pipe, wherein each of the spraying nozzles is adapted to spray washing liquid into the exhaust gas present in the scrubber pipe in order to clean at least part of the SO.sub.x out of the exhaust gas; and operated by a valve adapted to open and to close the respective spraying nozzle, and comprising an uppermost active spraying nozzle that is opened and activated by its respective valve; wherein the system comprises at least one pressure sensor arranged to measure a pressure P applied to the uppermost active spraying nozzle, expressed in Bar; and a process controller calculating the flow rate Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid flowing through each of the individual active spraying nozzles, expressed in litre per minute or m.sup.3/h, using the formula:
Qind=K{square root over ((P)}pressure correction+height correction), wherein K is a spraying nozzle factor depending on the type of spraying nozzle, the pressure correction is a correction factor of the pressure P as a function of the elevation of the respective spraying nozzle in the scrubber pipe, expressed in Bar, and the height correction is a correction factor of the pressure P based on the height difference between the location of the pressure sensor to the respective active spraying nozzle where the flow rate is calculated, expressed in Bar; and calculating the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the washing liquid inlet of the exhaust gas cleaning unit, expressed in liter per minute or m.sup.3/h, by summing up the different flow rates Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid through each of the individual active spraying nozzles.

8. Method according to claim 5, wherein the method is computer-implemented.

9. Computer program product comprising program code instructions for implementing a method according to claim 5.

10. System according to claim 1 configured for executing a method to determine a total flow rate Q.sub.tot of a washing liquid at an washing liquid inlet of an exhaust gas cleaning unit installed in a marine vessel, the exhaust gas cleaning unit comprising a scrubber pipe comprising an exhaust gas flowing between an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet in the scrubber pipe and two or more spraying nozzles in the scrubber pipe; wherein the method comprises the steps of spraying washing liquid by means of two or more active spraying nozzles, that are opened and activated by a respective operable valve, and that are arranged at different heights in the scrubber pipe of the exhaust gas cleaning unit, into the exhaust gas present in the scrubber pipe for cleaning at least part of the SO.sub.x out of the exhaust gas, measuring a pressure P applied to an uppermost active spraying nozzle opened and activated by its respective valve, expressed in Bar, using one or more pressure sensors; calculating the flow rate Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid flowing through each of the separate active spraying nozzles, expressed in litre per minute, by means of a process controller using the formula:
Qind=K{square root over ((P)}pressure correction+height correction) wherein K is a spraying nozzle factor depending on the type of spraying nozzle, the pressure correction is a correction factor of the pressure P as a function of the elevation of the respective spraying nozzle in the scrubber pipe, expressed in Bar, and the height correction is a correction factor of the pressure P based on the height difference between the location of the pressure sensor to the respective spraying nozzle where the flow rate is calculated, expressed in Bar; calculating the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the washing liquid inlet of the exhaust gas cleaning unit, expressed in liter per minute or m.sup.3/h, by means of the process controller by summing up the different flow rates Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid through each of the individual active spraying nozzles.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0039] FIG. 1 shows a wet scrubber system provided with a system according to the application including two pressure sensors for measuring the pressure outside the scrubber pipe before the uppermost active spraying nozzle;

[0040] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary programming bloc of a process controller for determining the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the exhaust gas inlet (2) of an exemplary wet scrubber system as shown in FIG. 1, in which the pressure outside the scrubber pipe before the uppermost active spraying nozzle I is 2.1 Bar and spraying nozzles I, II, V and VI are open and thus active.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0041] As can be seen in FIG. 1, the exhaust gas cleaning unit, more specifically the wet scrubber system, comprises a scrubber pipe (1) having an exhaust gas inlet (2) at the bottom thereof and an exhaust gas outlet (3) at the top thereof between which an exhaust gas is flowing. Inside the scrubber pipe (1), a number of spraying nozzles (I-VI) are arranged that are mounted at different height levels throughout the scrubber pipe (1). Each of the spraying nozzles (I-VI) are arranged to spray a washing liquid, more specifically sea water, into the exhaust gas present in the scrubber pipe (1) in order to clean at least part of, and more specifically the required amount of SO.sub.x out of the exhaust gas. More specifically, spraying nozzles of the spiral type are used. The washing liquid is supplied from a washing liquid main pipe (6) to different washing liquid sub pipes (7) that supply the washing liquid to the each of the different spraying nozzles (I-VI) inside the scrubber pipe (1).

[0042] Each of the spraying nozzles (I-VI) are operated by a valve (a-f), more specific a butterfly valve, arranged to open and to close each of the respective spraying nozzles (I-VI). An open and thus activated spraying nozzle is also called an active spraying nozzle. These valves (a-f) are remotely controlled (opened and closed) by means of one or more actuators (not shown on the figure).

[0043] Furthermore, a system is provided to determine the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid in the washing liquid main pipe (6), which is required according to the MEPC.259(68) 4.4.7, 2015 Guidelines for exhaust gas cleaning systems. The system therefore comprises a process controller (not shown on the figures) that is arranged to calculate the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid in the washing liquid main pipe (6) by summing up the different individual flow rates Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid to each of the individual active spraying nozzles. The process controller is therefore also arranged to calculate the flow rate Q.sub.ind of the washing liquid flowing through each of the individual active spraying nozzles, using the formula:

Qind=K{square root over ((P)}pressure correction+height correction),

wherein [0044] P is the pressure applied upon the uppermost active spraying nozzle, [0045] K is a spraying nozzle factor depending on the type of spraying nozzle, [0046] the pressure correction is a correction factor of the pressure P as a function of the elevation of the respective spraying nozzle in the scrubber pipe, expressed in Bar, and [0047] the height correction is a correction factor of the pressure P based on the height difference between the location of the pressure sensor to the respective spraying nozzle where the flow rate is calculated, expressed in Bar.

[0048] In order to measure the pressure P applied upon the uppermost active spraying nozzle, the system comprises at least one pressure sensor (4). The pressure P is more specifically measured inside the washing liquid main pipe (6) outside the scrubber pipe (1) before the valve that is operating the uppermost active spraying nozzle (see FIG. 1). More in particular, two pressure sensors (4) are applied for the redundancy, i.e. if the measured pressure difference is bigger in one of these two pressure sensors (4), they need to be checked and the faulty one needs to be prepared. A pressure indicator (5) indicates the pressure P as measured by the two pressure sensors (4) (which should be the same for each of the pressure sensors (4)).

[0049] Advantageously, the pressure and the height correction are determined during installation of the wet scrubber system.

[0050] In case there is no flow of scrubber liquid through the wet scrubber, and thus the pump is stopped, the flow at the height of each of the spraying nozzles (I-VI) is zero and consequently also the total flow at the height of the inlet of the wet scrubber is zero.

[0051] The system can comprise an exhaust gas emission monitoring system arranged to provide an alarm in case the ratio of SO.sub.2/CO.sub.2 in the exhaust gas exceeds an alarm limit.

EXAMPLE

[0052] FIG. 2 shows an exemplary programming bloc of a process controller for determining the total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the exhaust gas inlet (2) of an exemplary wet scrubber system as shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen in FIG. 2, the uppermost active spraying nozzle is the first spraying nozzle (I). The pressure measured at the outside of the scrubber pipe (1) before the operating valve of the first spraying nozzle (I) (I_Pressure) was 2.1 Bar. Also the second, fifth and sixth spraying nozzles (II, V and VI) were opened and thus active.

[0053] The flow rate Q.sub.ind at the height of the different individual spraying nozzles is the following: [0054] spraying nozzle I: 1550(2.10.4)=2020.95 l/min or 121.2572 m.sup.3/h; [0055] spraying nozzle II: 2552(2.10.4+0.1)=3423.87 l/min or 205.432 m.sup.3/h; [0056] spraying nozzle V: 1752(2.10.4+0.8185)=2780.39 l/min or 166.8231 m.sup.3/h; [0057] spraying nozzle VI: 1752(2.10.4+0.9085)=2829.63 l/min or 169.7777 m.sup.3/h.

[0058] The total flow rate Q.sub.tot of the washing liquid at the inlet of the scrubber (O_Flow) was then the sum of the individual flow rates Q.sub.ind per spraying nozzle (121.2572+205.432+166.8231+169.7777) m.sup.3/h or 663 m.sup.3/h.