Abstract
An improved thermocouple includes a drawn coaxial thermocouple wire pair having a more precise hot junction at which a first and second metallic material electrically connect with each other for measuring temperature. Adapted for use with an electrophysiologic catheter, the improved thermocouple comprising an elongated body having a proximal end and a distal end. The body includes a core of a first metallic material, a first coaxial layer of ceramic material, and a second coaxial layer of a second metallic material. The thermocouple further includes a solder cap on the distal end, the solder cap electrically connecting the core and the second layer at the distal end. A method of manufacturing includes drawing the body through a die, and applying solder on a distal end of the body to electrically connect the two metallic materials at the distal end.
Claims
1. A medical device having a temperature sensing tensile member, comprising: a distal tip electrode having a distal end and a proximal end, the distal end configured to contact and ablate tissue for therapeutic procedures, the proximal end having first and second blind holes, the second blind hole having a known depth; a lead wire configured to deliver ablative energy to the tip electrode, wherein the distal end of the lead wire is anchored in the first blind hole; an elongated body configured to sense a temperature of the distal tip electrode, the elongated body having a proximal end and a distal end and comprising: a core of a first metallic material, the core defining a longitudinal axis; a first coaxial layer of ceramic material circumferentially surrounding the core; a second coaxial layer of a second metallic material circumferentially surrounding the first layer, the second metallic material being different from the first metallic material, the first layer electrically insulating the core and second layer from each other along the length of the body; and a solder cap on the distal end, the solder cap electrically connecting the core and the second layer at the distal end to form a hot junction, wherein the distal end of the elongate body is potted linearly without any folds in the second blind hole such that the solder cap is in contact with the bottom of the blind hole, and configured such that the precise location of the distal solder cap is known relative to the distal tip electrode when temperature is measured by the elongated body.
2. The temperature sensing tensile member of claim 1, wherein the core includes constantan and the second layer includes copper.
3. The temperature sensing tensile member of claim 1, wherein the core includes copper and the second layer includes constantan.
4. The temperature sensing tensile member of claim 1, wherein the ceramic material is in a powder form.
5. The temperature sensing tensile member of claim 1, further comprising an outer protective sheath.
6. The temperature sensing tensile member of claim 5, wherein the outer protective sheath is electrically nonconductive.
7. The temperature sensing tensile member of claim 1, wherein the first coaxial layer of ceramic material is in a solid form when the elongate body is first assembled, and in a powered form when the temperature sensing tensile member is first assembled.
8. A medical device comprising: an elongated catheter body; a distal electrode member attached to the catheter body and having a proximal end and a distal end, with a blind hole of a known depth in the proximal end; a temperature sensor having a tensile body, the tensile body extending through the catheter body and having at least a distal end received in the blind hole in distal electrode member, the temperature sensor comprising: a core of a first metallic material defining a longitudinal axis; a coaxial insulating material circumferentially surrounding the core along its length, the coaxial insulating material being a solid annular member prior to the tensile body being drawn through a die in a shaping process; and a coaxial layer of a second metallic material circumferentially surrounding the insulating material along its length; and a solder cap on the distal end of the tensile body, the solder cap electrically connecting the core and the layer to form a hot junction, wherein the distal end of the temperature sensor is potted linearly without any folds in the blind hole such that the solder cap is in contact with the bottom of the blind hole, and configured such that the precise location of the distal solder cap is known relative to the distal tip electrode when temperature is measured by the elongated body.
9. The medical device of claim 8, wherein the core includes constantan and the second layer includes copper.
10. The medical device of claim 8, wherein the core includes copper and the second layer includes constantan.
11. The medical device of claim 8, wherein the coaxial insulating material includes ceramic particulates.
12. The medical device of claim 8, further comprising an outer protective sheath.
13. The medical device of claim 12, wherein the outer protective sheath is electrically nonconductive.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] These and other features and advantages of the present invention will be better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:
[0020] FIG. 1A is a perspective view of a drawn layered member of the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment.
[0021] FIG. 1B is a detailed view of an end of the drawn layered member of FIG. 1A.
[0022] FIG. 2A is a side cross-sectional view of a drawn layered member, including a solder cap on a distal end, forming a drawn thermocouple wire pair member of the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment.
[0023] FIG. 2B is an end cross-sectional view of the drawn layered member of FIG. 2A, taken along line B-B.
[0024] FIG. 2C is a side view of the drawn layered member of FIG. 2, including a soldered proximal end, in accordance with an embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 3A is a side cross-sectional view of a distal tip section of a catheter of the present invention, with a drawn thermocouple member, in accordance with one embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 3B is a side cross-sectional view of a distal tip section of a conventional catheter of the prior art.
[0027] FIG. 3C is an end cross-sectional view of a conventional thermocouple wire pair of FIG. 3C, taken along line C-C.
[0028] FIG. 4 is a top view of a catheter of the present invention, in accordance with one embodiment.
[0029] FIG. 5 is a side view of a layered member being drawn, in accordance with a method of manufacture of the present invention.
[0030] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a layered member of the present invention prior to drawing.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0031] With reference to FIGS. 1, 2A and 2B, a drawn thermocouple coaxial wire pair member 10 of the present invention includes a single elongated tensile body 12 with a generally circular cross-section. The member 10 has an electrically-conductive core 14 defining a longitudinal axis of the body 12. The core 14 includes a metallic material as a first wire of the wire pair. The member 10 also has an electrically-conductive coaxial layer 16 that includes a different or dissimilar metallic material as a second wire of the wire pair. Advantageously, extending along the length of the body 12, between the metallic core 14 and the metallic layer 16, is an electrically insulating layer 18 that surrounds the core 14 and separates and isolates it from the layer 16. The core 14 and the metallic layer 16 may be of any suitable metals, including, for example, constantan and copper, or vice versa. The insulating layer 18 may be of any suitable material, including, for example, ceramic. An electrically insulating outer sheath 26 may be provided over the entirety of the member. With a coaxial construction providing a generally circular cross-section, as shown in FIG. 2B, the member 10 has an improved profile in terms of utility, convenience and aesthetics. The metallic materials for the first and second wires of the member 10 may be copper and constantan, or vice versa. Alternately, they may be any other dissimilar metals that form a thermocouple. The insulating layer 18 may be constructed of any suitable material, including, for example, a polymer and/or ceramic. The insulating sheath 26 may be constructed of any suitable material, including, for example, a polymer. The preferred method of applying sheath 26 would be a film casting method used to insulate magnet wires, as shown in the art.
[0032] As shown in FIG. 2A, distal end 12D of the member 10 has a solder cap 20D of a filler metal forming a distal junction of a circuit C between the core 14 and the layer 16. As a hot or measuring junction, the distal solder cap 20D is adapted for measuring temperature of tissue. Proximally, the two conductive layers are attached to wires of corresponding material, as shown in FIG. 2C. This can be accomplished by grinding the sheath 26, and the layers 16, and 18 off proximal end 12P of the member 10 (as shown in broken lines) to expose the core 14. Distally to this grinding, the sheath 26 can be removed mechanically or thermally to expose the layer 16. Once exposed, the layers 14 and 16 can be soldered to a circuit or have wires W1 and W2 of corresponding material soldered directly to them at 20P1 and 20P2, respectively. The solders 20P1 and 20P2 used for this attachment and the distal solder cap 20D can be any solder preferred by the industry, but are usually primarily comprised of tin.
[0033] With reference to FIG. 3A, a catheter distal tip 32 includes a distal tip electrode 30 having a distal end 30D adapted for contact with tissue for diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures by means of a lead wire 40 whose distal end is anchored and potted in a blind hole 42. The tip electrode 30 also has a proximal end 30P whose face is configured with a blind hole 34 for receiving the distal end 12D and solder cap 20D of the thermocouple wire pair member 10 of the present invention. The blind hole 34 has predetermined and known depth X at an end or bottom 36 at which the distal solder cap 20D is placed and potted linearly without any bends or folds in the portion of the member 10 in the hole 34. Thus, the precise location of the distal solder cap 20D (the hot junction) is known relative to the distal tip electrode when temperature is measured by the member 10 at the distal tip electrode 30. As understood in the art, the member 10 extends through a catheter 60 from the distal tip 32, through a catheter shaft 62 (with a deflection section 64) into a control handle 66 where it is connected to an electrical connector 68 at the proximal end of the handle, as shown in FIG. 4. It is further understood that one or more members 10 may be used with any distal electrode assembly, whether the assembly has a 2-D configuration of a 3-D configuration, for example, circular-, lasso-, basket- or spine-type catheter.
[0034] The present invention includes a method of manufacturing a thermocouple wire pair member 10. The thermocouple wire pair first may be shapened by drawing processes owned and practiced by Fort Wayne Metals Research Products Corporation (Fort Wayne, Ind.), a manufacturer of precision wire-based materials for medical and industrial applications. With reference to FIG. 6, a layered (predrawn) member 10 includes the elongated solid core 14 of a first metallic material which is surrounded circumferentially by a layer of insulating material (e.g., ceramic) forming the insulating layer 18. The core 14 and the layer 18 are surrounded circumferentially by a layer of a second metallic material dissimilar to the first metallic material of the core, forming the outer layer 16. The member 10 may be assembled with the core 14 configured as a solid rod that is inserted into a first, inner hollow tube as the layer 18, and then together into a second, outer hollow tube as the layer 16. With reference to FIG. 5, the member 10, as described above, having an original outer diameter D1 is passed through a die 50 adapted to receive an end of the member 10 to draw it into desired shape and size, including a resulting drawn smaller outer diameter D2. A die holder 52 is provided to hold the die 50. The drawing process may be cold or hot drawn as desired or appropriate. The member 10 may be pushed and/or pulled through the die 50, as known in the art. As the member 10 is drawn through the die, any or all of the core 14 and the layers 16, and 18 are reshapened, for example, thinned and stretched into the drawn member 10. Where the insulating layer 18 is ceramic, the ceramic is crushed or otherwise broken into smaller particles. After repeated drawing, the ceramic may be crushed into powder form 44. Typically, the drawing process would be for multiple thousands of feet at a time. As shown in FIG. 6, the formed member comprising the core 14 and the layers 18, and 16 can then be run through a multiple layer coating process, i.e. film cast, to apply an insulating polymer layer to the outside.
[0035] After the member 10 has been drawn into the member 10 with an elongated body 12 with a desirable diameter, the distal end 12D is prepared for a solder cap by being trimmed to expose the core 14 and the layer 16, and dipped in solder to form distal solder cap 20D, as shown i FIG. 2A. Preferably, the distal solder cap 20D does not extend radially past the outer sheath 26. In other words, the solder cap 20D has a diameter no greater than the diameter of the drawn member 10 with the outer sheath 26. As shown in FIG. 2C, the proximal end 12P is also prepared for soldering by removal of all layers, including the coating 26, and the layers 16 and 18 to expose the core, and at a slightly more distal location removal of the all layers, including the coating 26, to expose the layer 16, and soldering wires W1 and W2 of corresponding materials to the exposed core 14 and the exposed layer 16, respectively.
[0036] The preceding description has been presented with reference to presently preferred embodiments of the invention. Workers skilled in the art and technology to which this invention pertains will appreciate that alterations and changes in the described structure may be practiced without meaningfully departing from the principal, spirit and scope of this invention. As understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, the drawings are not necessarily to scale. Also, different features of one or more embodiments may be combined as needed or appropriate. Moreover, the catheters described herein may be configured to apply various energy forms, including microwave, laser, RF and/or cryogens. Accordingly, the foregoing description should not be read as pertaining only to the precise structures described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, but rather should be read consistent with and as support to the following claims which are to have their fullest and fair scope.
