DISPERSION

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dispersion comprising (A) a carrier fluid in an amount from 35 to 95 wt. %, the carrier fluid comprising: (A1) water, and (A2) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and any mixture of at least two of these compounds, whereby the amount of water (A1) relative to the carrier fluid (A) is less than 85 wt. % and the amount of water relative to the dispersion is from 1 to 30 wt. %; and (B) polymer(s) in an amount from 5 to 65 wt. %, the polymer(s) comprising: (B1) polymeric particles having a volume average particle size from 1 m to 20 m, whereby the polymer of the polymeric particles (B1) has a weight average molecular weight of at least 100 kDaltons and whereby the polymer of the polymeric particles (B1) is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyurethane-polyacrylate hybrid and any mixture thereof; and whereby the amounts of (A) and (B) are given relative to the total amount of (A) and (B).

Claims

1. A dispersion comprising (A) a carrier fluid in an amount from 35 to 95 wt. %, the carrier fluid comprising: (A1) water, and (A2) at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and any mixture of at least two of these compounds, whereby the amount of water (A1) relative to the carrier fluid (A) is less than 85 wt. % and the amount of water relative to the dispersion is from 1 to 30 wt. %; and (B) polymer(s) in an amount from 5 to 65 wt. %, the polymer(s) comprising: (B1) polymeric particles having a volume average particle size from 1 m to 20 m, whereby the polymer of the polymeric particles (B1) has a weight average molecular weight of at least 100 kDaltons and whereby the polymer of the polymeric particles (B1) is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyurethane-polyacrylate hybrid and any mixture thereof; and whereby the amounts of (A) and (B) are given relative to the total amount of (A) and (B).

2. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the amount of water (A1) relative to the carrier fluid (A) is less than 60 wt. %, preferably less than 50 wt. %, more preferably less than 40 wt. % and most preferred less than 30 wt. %.

3. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein compound (A2) comprises ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or a mixture of at least two of these compounds, preferably at least 20 wt. % of compound (A2) is ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or a mixture of at least two of these compounds, more preferably at least 50 wt. % of compound (A2) is ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or a mixture of at least two of these compounds, even more preferably at least 75 wt. % of compound (A2) is ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or a mixture of at least two of these compounds, even more preferably at least 90 wt. % of compound (A2) is ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol or a mixture of at least two of these compounds.

4. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein compound (A2) is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol and any mixture of at least two of these compounds.

5. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein compound (A2) consists of ethanol and ethyl acetate, whereby the amount of ethyl acetate is preferably at most 50 wt. % (relative to compound (A2)), more preferably at most 25 wt. %, even more preferably at most 10 wt. %, even more preferably at most 2 wt. % and most preferably 0 wt. %.

6. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the polymer of the polymeric particles (B1) has a weight average molecular weight of at least 120 kDaltons, more preferably at least 150 kDaltons, more preferably at least 200 kDaltons, more preferably at least 250 kDaltons and most preferably at least 350 kDaltons.

7. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the particle size (D[0.5]) of the polymeric particles (B1) is preferably greater than 1 micron, more preferably greater than 1.2 micron and especially preferred greater than 1.5 micron.

8. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the particle size (D[0.9]) of the polymeric particles (B1) is preferably less than 50 micron, more preferably less than 35 micron, more preferably less than 20 micron.

9. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein at least 30 wt. %, preferably at least 50 wt. %, more preferably at least 70 wt. %, more preferably at least 80 wt. %, most preferably at least 90 wt. % of the polymeric particles (B1) are insoluble in n-methyl pyrrolidone containing 10 mM LiBr and 8 volume percent hexafluoroisopropanol.

10. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the polymer of the polymeric particles (B1) is a polyurethane being the reaction product of at least the following components: (a) from 10 to 50 wt. %, preferably from 12 to 45 wt. % more preferably from 15 to 40 wt % of at least one organic polyisocyanate with a functionality of at least 2, (b) from 0 to 4 wt. %, preferably from 0.5 to 4 wt. %, 0.7 to 3 wt. % and even more preferably from 1 to 2 wt. % of an isocyanate-reactive compound containing ionic or potentially ionic water-dispersing groups preferably having a molecular weight of from 100 to 500 g/mol, (c) from 35 to 85 wt. %, preferably from 40 to 79 wt. % and even more preferably from 45 to 75 wt. % of at least one isocyanate-reactive polyol other than (b) preferably having a molecular weight from 500 to 5000, (d) from 0 to 10 wt. %, preferably from 0.25 to 7 wt. % and more preferably from 0.5 to 5 wt. % of at least one active-hydrogen chain extending compound with a functionality of at least 2 (other than water), where the amounts of (a), (b), (c) and (d) are given relative to the total amount of (a), (b), (c) and (d), and where the isocyanate and hydroxy groups on the components used to prepare the polyurethane are present in a respective mole ratio (NCO to OH) in the range of from 0.8:1 to 5:1, preferably from 1.2:1 to 4:1 and even more preferably from 1.5:1 to 3.5:1.

11. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the polymeric particles (B1) are crosslinked during preparation of the polymeric particles.

12. The dispersion according to claim 10, wherein the polymer of the polymeric particles (B1) is a polyurethane being the reaction product of at least the following components (a), (b), (c), (d) and at least one of the following branching components (e) with an average functionality above 2: (e1) from 5 to 50 wt. %, more preferably from 15 to 45 wt. %, even more preferably from 20 to 40 wt. % of component (a) comprising at least one organic polyisocyanate with an average functionality of >2.3, more preferably >2.5, and most preferred >2.9; (e2) from 1 to 40 wt. %, preferably from 1.5 to 20 wt. %, more preferably from 2 to 10 wt % of component (c) comprising at least one polyol having a molecular weight of from 500 to 5000 g/mol and an average functionality of at least 2.3, more preferably at least 2.6, most preferably at least 2.9, and preferably a glass transition temperature Tg from 110 C. to +110 C.; (e3) from 1 to 10 wt %, preferably from 1.5 to 7 wt %, most preferably from 2 to 5 wt % of component (c) comprising a polyol having a molecular weight of from 90 to 499 g/mol, preferably from 120 to 400 g/mol, more preferably from 125 to 350 g/mol and a hydroxyl functionality higher than 2; (e4) at least 20 wt. %, preferably at least 35 wt %, most preferably at least 50 wt %, especially preferred at least 70 wt % of component (d) comprising at least one active-hydrogen chain extending compound with a functionality of 3 or higher.

13. The dispersion according to claim 10, wherein at least 5 wt. %, preferably at least 25 wt. %, preferably at least 55 wt. % and most preferably at least 75 wt. % of component (c) (amount given based on total weight of component (c)) is insoluble in water and compound (A2) at standard conditions, when the weight ratio of compound (A2) to water is at least 50:50, preferably at least 75:25, whereby the compound (A2) used in this characterization method is the same compound (A2) used to prepare the dispersed polymeric particles.

14. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion further comprises (B2) polymer(s) other than (B1), whereby the weight ratio of the polymeric particles (B1) to the other polymer(s) (B2) is from 95:5 to 5:95, preferably from 90:10 to 25:75, more preferably from 80:20 to 35:65.

15. The dispersion according to claim 14, wherein the weight average molecular weight of the second polymer (B2) is from 5 kDa to 600 kDa, more preferably from 5 kDa to 400 kDa, more preferably from 10 kDa to 200 kDa, more preferably from 15 kDa to 100 kDa and most preferably from 30 kDaltons to 90 kDaltons.

16. The dispersion according to claim 14, wherein the amount of water (A1) relative to the carrier fluid (A) is less than 30 wt. %, preferably less than 20 wt. %, more preferably less than 15 wt. %, more preferably less than 10 wt. % and most preferred less than 5 wt. %.

17. The dispersion according to claim 14, wherein the polymer(s) (B2) are selected from the group consisting of polyamides, nitrocellulose, polyacrylates, polyurethanes, polyesters, polyvinylbutyral, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, hydroxyl propyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, and any mixture of at least two of these polymers.

18. The dispersion according to claim 14, wherein the polymer(s) (B2) are selected from the group consisting of polyamides, polyether based polyurethanes, polyacrylates and any mixture of at least two of these polymers.

19. The dispersion according to claim 14, wherein the polymer(s) (B2) is (are) polyurethane(s) comprising polyols selected from polypropylene glycols with a molecular weight from 500 to 5000 and containing at least 30 wt. %, more preferably at least 50 wt. %, most preferably at least 65 wt. % of polypropylene glycol based on total weight of the polyurethane.

20. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the total amount of the carrier fluid (A) and the polymer(s) (B) relative to the dispersion is from 80 to 100 wt. %, more preferably from 92 to 100 wt. %.

21. The dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the viscosity of the dispersion is from 20 mPas.Math.s to 5000 mPa.Math.s.

22. A process to prepare the dispersion of claim 1, wherein the process comprises the following steps: (i) preparing a dispersion of polymeric particles (B1) in liquid medium comprising water and preferably at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and any mixture of at least two of these compounds, whereby the amount of water relative to amount polymeric particles (B1) is preferably less than 1.5:1, more preferably less than 1:1, more preferably less than 1:2 and even more preferably less than 1:5, (ii) optionally removing a part of the water present in the dispersion obtained in step (i), and (iii) optionally adding at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and any mixture of at least two of these compounds (A2) to the dispersion of polymeric particles (B1) obtained in step (i) or (ii).

23. The process according to claim 14, wherein the process further comprises (iv) obtaining a mixture of polymer (B2) and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and any mixture of at least two of these compounds, (v) mixing the dispersion obtained in step (i), (ii) or (iii) with the mixture obtained in step (iv) and optionally further adding at least one compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone and any mixture of at least two of these compounds.

24. A coating composition comprising the dispersion according to claim 1 and optionally further comprising at least one of the following components: adhesion promotor, crosslinking agent, pigment particle, dissolved dye, wax, inorganic filler particle, rheology modifying agent.

25. A process for preparing a coated substrate, wherein the process comprises (i) applying a coating composition according to claim 24 to a substrate, and (ii) drying the coating composition by evaporation of volatiles to obtain a coated substrate.

26. A process according to claim 25, wherein the substrate is selected from the group consisting of a) plastic films such as polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, polyamide, PVC, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyurethane, PET, biaxially oriented polypropylene and biaxially oriented PET plastic films, b) leather, artificial leather; natural and woven synthetic fabrics such as cotton, wool, rayon; non-woven fabrics, c) metal substrates like aluminum and vacuum metalized plastic substrates, d) film substrates which are pretreated by corona discharge or have been chemical pretreated with a primer or a coextruded polymer layer designed to improve adhesion, e) paper, f) cardboard, and g) a combination of a), b), c), d), e) and/or f).

27. A process according to claim 25, wherein applying the coating composition is effected by printing or roll coating technique.

28. A process according to claim 25, wherein the coating has a dry thickness of from 0.5 to 150 m, preferably from 0.5 to 50 m, more preferably from 1 to 20 m, even more preferably from 1 to 10 m and even more preferably from 1 to 5 m.

29. A process according to claim 25, wherein the coating is an overprint varnish.

30. An ink comprising a coating composition according to claim 24 and a colorant.

31. A process for printing an image on a substrate comprising applying an ink according to claim 30.

Description

EXAMPLES

Example 1

[0148] A 1000 cm3 flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 104.2 g of pTHF2000 (OH-value=55 mg KOH/g), 201.1 g of Priplast 3192 (OH-value=56 mg KOH/g), 6.8 g of DMPA, 90.0 g IPDI and 0.06 g of Zinc neodecanoate. This mixture was heated to 70 C. and the reaction was allowed to exotherm to 95 C. After the exotherm was complete the reaction was kept at 95 C. for 2 hours. Subsequently, the prepolymer is cooled to 80 C. and 47.8 g of Desmodur N3300 is added. The isocyanate content of the prepolymer was 5.26% (theoretical 6.09%). 3.6 g of triethylamine was added to the prepolymer to partially neutralise the acid groups and the mixture was homogenised with stirring.

[0149] A 1000 cm3 dispersion vessel with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 140.5 g of demineralised water, 141.4 g of ethanol, 1.4 g of Tego foamex 805, 9.54 g of polyurethane associative thickener and 6.4 g of non-ionic surfactant with H LB of 17.5, 320.9 g of the neutralised prepolymer was dispersed in the aqueous phase adjusting the stir rate to improve dispersing of the prepolymer if necessary, while maintaining the temperature of the aqueous phase below 27 C. After the given amount of prepolymer was dispersed, stirring was continued for 5 minutes after which 40.0 g of a 15.7% hydrazine solution was added to provide the chain extended polyurethane dispersion.

[0150] The resulting polyurethane dispersion had a solids content of 50.4 wt. %, a pH of 7.1 and a viscosity of 239 cps.

Comparative Example 1

[0151] A 2000 cm3 flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 336.8 g of pTHF2000 (OH-value=55 mg KOH/g), 645.0 g of Priplast 3192 (OH-value=56 mg KOH/g), 22.1 g of DMPA, 291.0 g IPDI and 0.2 g of Zinc neodecanoate. This mixture was heated to 70 C. and the reaction was allowed to exotherm to 95 C. After the exotherm was complete the reaction was kept at 95 C. for 2 hours. Subsequently, the prepolymer is cooled to 80 C. and the isocyanate content of the prepolymer was determined to be 4.16% (theoretical 4.23%). 11.7 g of triethylamine was added to the prepolymer to partially neutralise the acid groups and the mixture was homogenised with stirring.

[0152] A 1000 cm3 dispersion vessel with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 233.8 g of demineralised water, 234.2 g of ethanol, 0.9 g of Tego foamex 805, 6.17 g of polyurethane associative thickener and 4.1 g of non-ionic surfactant with H LB of 17.5, 207.5 g of the neutralised prepolymer was dispersed in the aqueous phase adjusting the stir rate to improve dispersing of the prepolymer if necessary, while maintaining the temperature of the aqueous phase below 27 C. After the given amount of prepolymer was dispersed, stirring was continued for 5 minutes after which 11.4 g of a 16.0% hydrazine solution and 1.9 g of monoethanolamine was added to provide the chain extended polyurethane dispersion. The particle size and the molecular weight of the dispersed polymeric particles are below the claimed ranges.

Comparative Example 2

[0153] A 2000 cm3 flask equipped with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 207.2 g of pTHF2000 (OH-value=55 mg KOH/g), 400.0 g of Priplast 3192 (OH-value=56 mg KOH/g), 13.6 g of DMPA, 179.1 g IPDI and 0.12 g of Zinc neodecanoate. This mixture was heated to 70 C. and the reaction was allowed to exotherm to 95 C. After the exotherm was complete the reaction was kept at 95 C. for 2 hours. Subsequently, the prepolymer is cooled to 80 C. and the isocyanate content of the prepolymer was determined to be 3.86% (theoretical 4.23%). 7.18 g of triethylamine was added to the prepolymer to partially neutralise the acid groups and the mixture was homogenised with stirring.

[0154] A 1000 cm3 dispersion vessel with a thermometer and overhead stirrer was charged with 214.0 g of demineralised water, 235.2 g of ethanol, 0.9 g of Tego foamex 805, 6.05 g of polyurethane associative thickener and 4.0 g of non-ionic surfactant with H LB of 17.5, 203.3 g of the neutralised prepolymer was dispersed in the aqueous phase adjusting the stir rate to improve dispersing of the prepolymer if necessary, while maintaining the temperature of the aqueous phase below 27 C. After the given amount of prepolymer was dispersed, stirring was continued for 5 minutes after which 15.2 g of a 16.0% hydrazine solution and 0.6 g of monoethanolamine was added to provide the chain extended polyurethane dispersion. 100 g of this dispersion was mixed with 50 g of ethanol to result in the final product. In this comparative example the molecular weight of the dispersed polymeric particles B1 is below the claimed ranges.

Comparative Example 3

[0155] Example 1 E of U.S. Pat. No. 6,605,666 was repeated. This comparative example is produced in a 75:25 isopropanol: water mixture. However, it has a particle size that is below our claimed ranges for polymer particle B1.

Example 2

[0156] Polyurethane dispersion NeoRez R-1010 was concentrated by using centrifugation in order to remove water from this dispersion.

[0157] The NeoRez R-1010 dispersion was first diluted with demineralised water in a ratio of 1:4, so the mixture has a solids content of 6.4%. This is done to reduce the viscosity of the dispersion, which facilitates the purification of the large particles via centrifugation.

[0158] The diluted NeoRez R-1010 was centrifuged at 2000 rpm (3000 RCF) at 120 minutes in bench top centrifuge Hermle Z 513. The supernatant was decanted and the bottom phase that contains the micron sized particles demonstrated a solids content of approximately 50%.

[0159] 125 grams of the concentrated NeoRez R-1010 dispersion prepared as described above was mixed with 125 grams of ethanol for 30 minutes. Solids content of the mixture was 25% and the viscosity was 4000 cps.

[0160] In Example 2 a part of the water that is used for the production of polymeric particles B1 is removed by a separate process step.

[0161] In Example 1 the polymeric particles B1 are prepared in a mixture of ethanol/water with a ratio of 43/57 and the amount of water relative to the carrier fluid and relative to the dispersion is within the claimed ranges. In Example 1 the water does not need to be removed in order to obtain an increased drying speed.

Example 3

[0162] 86 grams of the concentrated NeoRez R-1010 dispersion prepared as described in Example 2 was mixed with 32 grams of Picassian PU-551 and 132 grams of ethanol for 30 minutes. Solids content of the mixture was 25% and the viscosity was 2111 cps.

Example 4

[0163] 50 grams of the concentrated NeoRez R-1010 dispersion prepared as described in Example 2 was mixed with 11 grams of PVP360 and 139 grams of ethanol for 30 minutes. Solids content of the mixture was 18%. This example according to the invention contains a polymer B2 that is different than polymer B2 of example 3.

Comparative Example 4

[0164] 108 grams of Picassian PU-551 was diluted with 108 grams of ethanol and 35 grams of demineralised water. Solids content of the mixture was 25%, and the viscosity was 59 cps. The composition of Comparative Example 4 does not have polymeric particles (B1) as defined in the present invention.

Comparative Example 5

[0165] 94 grams of ethanol was added to 156 grams of Joncryl FLX 5200 and this was mixed for 30 minutes. Solids content of the mixture was 25% and the viscosity was 36 cps. This comparative example contains polyurethane particles dispersed in water, but the volume average particles size is outside the claimed range from 1 m to 20 m.

[0166] The compositions of all the examples were applied as a coating with a wire rod on a test chart with a wet layer thickness of 12 micrometer and dried in an oven at 80 C. The coated test charts were evaluated on several properties. The results are given in Table 3 and 4.

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Comparative Comparative Comparative Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Dispersed polymeric particles B1 Particle size 5 0.1 2.78 0.4 (vol average) m D(0,1) um 2.1 1.49 D(0,5) um 4.7 NA 2.56 D(0,9) um 9.4 4.37 Mw (kDa) 498 28 30 210 Carrier fluid 49.6 69.3 80 72 Water A1 28.2 35.8 24.3 18 Compound A2 21.4 33.5 55.7 54 % of water A1 in 57% 52% 30% 25% carrier fluid % insoluble fraction 77 0 0 27 of the polymer in the dispersion (NMP method as described in the description) Application properties Gloss 60 0.6 82 30 58 85 25 89 41 88 Transfer (1-5) Sticky film no yes Yes yes Anti-blocking l/b, 4/5 1 0 1/2 3 days at 23 C. Anti-blocking l/b, 3 1 1 3 days at 50 C.

[0167] Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Example 1 shows that when the dispersed polymeric particles have a lower molecular weight and particle size than claimed, a sticky film with high gloss and poor anti-blocking properties is obtained. Comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1-3 shows that only with a dispersion according to the present invention, a non-sticky film with improved anti-blocking properties and low gloss is obtained. This demonstrates the need for both large particles within the claimed range to induce the right roughness profile in the dry coating, as well as particles with molecular weight within the claimed range in order to allow particles to be stable enough and maintain their size and shape during storage, formulation, application and drying of the coating.

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Comparative Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Example 5 Example 4 Dispersed polymeric particles B1 Particle size 5.4 10 NA 100 nm 7 (vol average) m D(0,1) um 1.4 1.5 NA NA 2.8 D(0,5) um 2.9 7.7 NA NA D(0,9) um 13.7 23 NA NA 12.6 Mw (kDa) 600 600 NA 600 600 Polymer B2 Mw = Mw = Mw = 36.5 kDa 36.5 kDa 569 kDa Calculated weight 100:0 70:30 0:100 100:0 70:30 ratio B1 to B2 Carrier fluid 75 75 75 75 82 Water A1 25.2 16.8 14 37.5 12.6 Compound A2 49.8 58.2 61 37.5 69.4 % of water A1 in 34% 22% 19% 50% 15% carrier fluid % insoluble fraction 100 70 0 100 60 of the polymer in the dispersion (NMP method as described in the description) Application properties Gloss 60 1.0 1.2 80 82 0.6 85 44 50 96 96 28 Transfer (1-5) 1/2 4/5 4 3 3 Sticky film no no yes no no Transparency (1-5) 1 3 5 5 4 Blocking l/b, 4/5 4 1 1 4 16 hrs at 50 C. Heat resistance 5 4/5 1 1 5 60 C.

[0168] As shown by Examples 2-4, despite the high amount of alcohol in the dispersions according to the invention, the polymeric particles surprisingly does not dissolve at all or only in small amounts resulting in that the drying speed of the coating composition can be increased while at the same time acceptable viscosity and coatings with low gloss and good blocking resistance can be obtained.

[0169] Comparing Example 2 with Example 3 or 4 shows that the additional presence of a sufficient amount of polymer B2 results in an increase of the transfer properties, as well as the transparency of the final coating. Comparing Example 3 with Comparative Example 4 shows that when no dispersed polymeric particles B1 as claimed are present, but only polymer B2, high gloss is obtained, and for this specific example a sticky film and poor blocking resistance is obtained. In Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 the same polymer B2 is applied. Comparing Example 3 with Example 2 and Comparative Experiment 4 shows that the presence of a small amount of the same polymer B2 in addition to dispersed polymeric particles B1 as claimed (Example 3) surprisingly results in a coating with improved transfer property (compared to Example 2), while the gloss remains low and the anti-blocking properties are still good. Comparative example 5 shows that low gloss can only be obtained when the particle size of the particles is within the claimed range.

Example 5

[0170] A concentrated dispersion of NeoRez R-1010 prepared as described in Example 2 is diluted with ethanol, so that the weight % of polymeric particles is 25% based on the total weight of the composition containing particles, ethanol and water. The final ratios being 25% polymeric particles, 50% ethanol, and 25% water. A 100 um thick film of the liquid is coated on a Leneta test chart and placed on a balance in a 25 C and 50% relative humidity environment. The time for the solids to reach 60% is measured as 1150 seconds and the time for the solids to reach 70% is measured as 2089 seconds.

Comparative Example 6

[0171] NeoRez R-1010 is diluted with water, so that the weight % of polymeric particles is 25% based on the total weight of the composition containing particles, ethanol and water. The final ratios being 25% polymeric particles, 75% water. A 100 um thick film of the liquid is coated on a Leneta test chart and placed on a balance in a 25 C and 50% relative humidity environment. The time for the solids to reach 60% is measured as 1945 seconds and the time for the solids to reach 70% is measured as 3334 seconds.

[0172] The relative drying rate of example 5 is 1.6 times faster than for Comparative Example 6.