GAS-PERMEABLE DEVICES WHICH ABSORB VOC AND/OR POLLUTANTS AND/OR ARE BIOCIDAL, AND USE THEREOF

Abstract

Gas-permeable devices which absorb VOC and pollutants and/or are biocidal, containing molded parts or consisting of molded parts, containing materials or consisting of materials on the basis of wood, biodegradable fibers, biodegradable films and/or separated manure, containing geometrically regular and/or irregular, free and/or aggregated and/or agglomerated carbon nanoparticles, carbon microparticles and/or carbon macroparticles. Carbon is selected from the group consisting of biocarbons, biochar, charcoal, screening residues of charcoal, wood ash, activated carbons, hard coal, animal charcoal, carbons from animal waste, pyrogenic carbon having different degrees of pyrolysis, functionalized carbons, pretreated carbons, washed carbons, and extracted carbons.

Claims

1.-11. (canceled)

12. A material containing carbon particles, the material being a panel material or a composite material, the carbon particles being nanoparticles, microparticles and/or microparticles, the carbon particles having a regular, irregular, free, aggregated and/or agglomerated geometrical arrangement, the material being obtained from separated liquid manure sanitized by immersion in saline and rendered sterile, or wood and separated liquid manure sanitized by immersion in saline and rendered sterile.

13. The material according to claim 12, wherein the carbon nanoparticles have an average particle size of 1 nm to <1000 nm, the carbon microparticles have an average particle size of >1000 nm to <1000 m and the carbon macroparticles have an average particle size of 1000 m.

14. The material according to claim 13, wherein the carbon is selected from the group consisting of biocarbons, biochar, charcoal, screening residues of charcoal, wood ash, activated carbons, hard coal, animal charcoal, carbons from animal waste, pyrogenic carbon having different degrees of pyrolysis, functionalized carbons, pretreated carbons, washed carbons, and extracted carbons.

15. The material according to claim 14, wherein the carbon and the biocarbons comprise carbon structures resulting from intense heating of organic and/or ligninous material.

16. The material according to claim 15, wherein the carbon is selected from the group comprising one or more of functionalized carbon, surface-modified carbon, crushed carbon, dried and moistened carbon, and crushed and partially dried carbon.

17. The material according to claim 12, further containing additives selected from the group consisting of additives, excipients, fillers, adhesives, reinforcing fibers flame retardants, plastics, dampening materials, insulating materials, desiccants, superabsorbents, phylosilicates, nanoclay, kieselguhr, zeolites, biocides, dyes, colored pigments, white pigments, fluorescent pigments, natural pigments, phosphorescent pigments, glitter, cork, cement, foam cement, concrete, gypsum, lime base, rotband, kefir, yoghurt, dairy products, beer, sugar, creatine, salts, nanocellulose, microcellulose, water glass, horn shavings and oils.

18. The material according to claim 17, wherein the biocides are polyoxometalates (POM).

19. The material according to claim 18, wherein the polyoxometalates are micro- and/or nanoparticles, which are agglomerated, not agglomerated, functionalized, non-functionalized, aggregated, not aggregated, supported and/or not supported.

20. A method comprising: using the material of claim 12 for purification of pollutants and/or or other substances.

21. A method comprising: using the material of claim 12 in building construction for interior and exterior construction, in furniture industry, in transport and logistics, in automotive industry, in aircraft construction and in gaming equipment.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0440] The invention will now be explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments, reference being made to the attached FIGS. 1a to 8. In a simplified, not to scale representation:

[0441] FIG. 1a shows a view of a longitudinal section through a shelf V 1 with notches 3;

[0442] FIG. 1b shows a top view of notched side 2b of the shelf V 1 with the notches 3;

[0443] FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the upper edge 7 of the partition wall V 4 with vertical holes 6;

[0444] FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the door surface 12 of a door panel V 8 with the cutout 13 and the perforated grid F 14;

[0445] FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a ceiling panel V 15 with a through hole 19 with a perforated grid F 14 and a plan view of a section A on the inner surface;

[0446] FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the longitudinal section through the upper portion of a door panel V 23 with the cutout 24 and the bag 25 for molded parts F;

[0447] FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the cross section of the door panel V 23 in the region of the cutout 24 and the bag 25 for molded parts F;

[0448] FIG. 7 shows a plan view of the upper edge of the door leaf V 23 in the region of the cover plate 26; and

[0449] FIG. 8 shows a plan view of the longitudinal section through a tube V 28 with a packed bed 29 of molded parts F.

[0450] In the FIGS. 1a to 8, the reference numerals have the following meaning: [0451] 1 shelf [0452] 2a smooth surface of 1 [0453] 2b notched surface of 1 [0454] 2c, 2d side edges [0455] 3 notch [0456] 4 partition wall [0457] 5a side surfaces of 4 [0458] 5b side edges of 4 [0459] 6 vertical holes [0460] 7 top edge of 4 [0461] 8 door leaf [0462] 9 upper edge of 8 [0463] 10 lower edge of 8 [0464] 11a, b side edges of 8 [0465] 12 door area [0466] 13 cutout from 12 [0467] 14 perforated grids [0468] 15 ceiling panels [0469] 16 inner surface of 15 [0470] 17 outer surface of 15 [0471] 18 side edge of 15 [0472] 19 puncture [0473] 20 electric fans [0474] 21 electrical connections [0475] 22 airflow [0476] 23 upper area of a door leaf [0477] 23.1 rotating counterpart to the door frame [0478] 23.2 outside of the door leaf [0479] 23.3 inside of the door leaf [0480] 23.4 upper horizontal section of the peripheral edge of the door leaf [0481] 23.5 circumferential stop surface on the door frame [0482] 23.6 circumferential top edge of 23.1 [0483] 24 cutout [0484] 24.1 surrounding bearing surface [0485] 25 air-permeable bag for molded parts F [0486] 26 cover plate [0487] 26.1 gas passage [0488] 27 countersunk [0489] 27.1 screw head [0490] 28 tube [0491] 28.1 pipe wall [0492] 29 loose bed [0493] 30 air flow [0494] V device [0495] F molded part of the material to be used according to the invention

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 1

[0496] The Preparation of a Material 1

[0497] Waste wood chips and separated manure, which was disinfected and sterilized by placing it in saline, were mixed in a weight ratio of 2:1. The mixture was crushed with a turbo mill. Thereafter, to this comminuted mixture, 0.5 wt.-% H.sub.4[Si(W.sub.3O.sub.10).sub.4]xH.sub.2O as biocide and 30 wt.-% biochar having an average particle size of 100 m was added. The mixture was slurried with a little water, further comminuted in a ball mill and homogenized. Subsequently, the homogenized mixture was dried to a water content of 10 wt.-%. The weight percentages given above are based on the total amount of the mixture. The water content served to improve the processability of the resulting mixture of wood, separated manure, biocide and biochar. The material could easily be stored, transported and processed until further use. It was completely odorless and was not affected by prolonged storage of microorganisms.

PREPARATION EXAMPLE 2

[0498] The Preparation of a Material 2

[0499] Separated manure, which had been disinfected and sterilized by placing it in saline, was comminuted with a turbo mill. Thereafter, to the comminuted separated manure 0.5 wt.-% H.sub.4[Si(W.sub.3O.sub.10).sub.4]xH.sub.2O as biocide and with 30 wt.-% was added. The mixture was slurried with dilute water, further comminuted in a ball mill and homogenized. Subsequently, the homogenized mixture was dried to a water content of 10 wt.-%. The weight percentages given above are based on the total amount of the mixture. The water content served to improve the processability of the resulting mixture of separated manure, biocide and biochar. The material could easily be stored, transported and processed until further use. It was completely odorless and was not affected by prolonged storage of microorganisms.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0500] FIGS. 1a and 1b

[0501] FIG. 1a shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a shelf 1 with notches 3. FIG. 1b shows a plan view of the notched side 2b of the shelf 1 with the notches 3.

[0502] The shelf V 1 was made of the material 1 of Preparation Example 1 through pressing at high pressure.

[0503] The shelf V 1 had a smooth surface 2a, which could also have notches 3 if necessary. In the notched surface 2b of the shelf 1, the notches 3 were milled. Due to the notches, the surface 2b was larger and could now absorb more pollutants and/or VOC. Furthermore, the air could circulate through the notches 3 and thus be cleaned of VOC, pollutants microorganisms.

[0504] FIG. 2

[0505] FIG. 2 shows a plan view of the upper edge 7 of a partition 4 with vertical holes 6.

[0506] The partition V 4 was made of the material 1 of Preparation Example 1 through pressing at high pressure. The partition V 4 had vertical holes 6. Through the vertical holes 6, the surface of the partition V 4, but especially the carbon, was larger, and this could now absorb more pollutants and/or VOC. Furthermore, the air could circulate through the holes 6 and thus be cleaned of VOC, pollutants and microorganisms.

[0507] FIG. 3

[0508] FIG. 3 shows the plan view of a door surface 12 of a door leaf 8 with an upper edge 9, a lower edge 10 and two side edges 11a and 11b. In the door surface 12 a rectangular piece was milled out at the top edge 9, the cutout 13. It was dimensioned such that a perforated grid 14 made of material 1 of Production Example 1, produced through pressing at high pressure, could be fitted as an exchangeable carbon filter insert. The perforated grid 14 was able to absorb pollutants and/or VOC from the air stream through which it flowed. In addition, they were biocidal.

[0509] FIG. 4

[0510] FIG. 4 shows a plan view of a longitudinal section through a ceiling panel 15 with a through bore 19 with a perforated grid 14, as described in FIG. 3, and a plan view of a cutout A on the inner surface 16 of the ceiling panel 15.

[0511] The ceiling panels 15 further have an outer surface 17 and side edges 15. Behind the outer surface 17, an air flow 22 was moved by an electric fan 20. The electric fan 20 was connected via the electrical connections 21 to a solar cell.

[0512] Through these ceiling panels 15, the indoor air could be effectively cleaned of pollutants and/or VOC. In addition, they were biocidal.

[0513] FIGS. 5 to 7

[0514] FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the longitudinal section through the upper region of a door leaf V, 23.

[0515] FIG. 6 shows a plan view of the cross section through the upper region of the door leaf V, 23.

[0516] The figure numeral 7 shows a plan view of the upper edge of the door leaf upper horizontal portion of the peripheral edge of the door leaf V, 23 in the region of the cover plate 26

[0517] The upper portion 23 of the door leaf 23 had an outer side 23.2 and an inner side 23.3 and a door leaf V, 23 circumferential counterpart 23.1 to the door frame with a circumferential stop surface 23.5 to the door frame and a peripheral upper edge 23.6. The door leaf V, 23 was essentially made of pressed chipboard and had ventilation slots and ventilation holes on the lower edge.

[0518] In the upper horizontal portion 23.4 of the peripheral edge of the door panel V, 23 a cutout 23.4 was centrally arranged, which had a peripheral bearing surface 24.1 for the cover plate 26 made of stainless steel. The cover plate 26 had except for the section with which it serves on the rotating support surface 24.1, holes as air passage 26.1. In the area of the peripheral bearing surface 24.1, the cover plate 26 was secured with countersunk screws 27, 27.1 made of stainless steel.

[0519] On the inside of the cover plate, a bag 25 was attached. The bag 25 consisted of a close-meshed network of cotton fibers and contained spherical shaped parts F of a diameter of 0.5 cm from the material 2 of Preparation Example 2.

[0520] By means of this device V, 23, 25, F according to the invention, it was possible to remove the VOC and pollutants still present in the door leaf 23. In addition, the door frame in contact with the door leaf 23 could also be freed of these pollutants. The same applied to the room air circulating through and around the inventive device V, 23, 25, F. In addition, the spherical molded parts F had biocidal properties.

[0521] FIG. 8

[0522] FIG. 8 shows a longitudinal section through a pipe V, 28 according to the invention with a pipe wall 28.1 made of hardwood. The tube V, 28 had a packed bed 29. The bulk bed 29 consisted of Raschig rings as molded parts F. The Raschig rings were made of the material 2 of Preparation Example 2. The bulk bed 29, F was flowed through by an air flow 30 in the arrow direction, the air was freed from VOC, pollutants and microorganisms. The tube V, 28 according to the invention was therefore ideal for use in air conditioning systems.

[0523] A decisive advantage of the devices V according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 8 was given by their compostability.