Energy saving device with inductive capacitive reactor for high amperage uses

Abstract

An energy saving device with at least one inductor capacitive reactor for high amperage uses functions as a multifaceted transformer with inductor and capacitor functionalities iteratively. It includes a stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components follows: (i) a first ferrite toroidal component; (ii) a first doped separator component; (iii) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component with protrusions and notches; (iv) a second separator component, doped or non-doped; (v) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component without protrusions; (vi) a third separator component, doped or non-doped; (vii) a second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component with protrusions and notches, wherein the second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component is rotated relative to the first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component; (viii) a fourth separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (ix) a second ferrite toroidal component; (x) a first incoming wire being wrapped around a portion of the stacked group, being a hot wire; (xi) a second incoming wire being wrapped around a portion of the stacked group, being a ground wire.

Claims

1. An energy saving device for reducing electrical consumption utilizing at least one inductor capacitive reactor, for commercial and similar amperage needs, wherein that at least one reactor functions as a multifaceted transformer with both inductor and capacitor functionalities and that operates iteratively, which comprises: a.) components of an energy saving device that includes: an EMI filter; surge suppression mechanism; harmonic filters; a snubber network filter; and storage components; and b.) at least one inductor capacitive reactor, wherein said at least one inductor capacitive reactor includes a stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components sequentially arranged as follows: (i) a first ferrite toroidal component; (ii) a first separator component, being a doped separator component; (iii) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions; (iv) a second separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (v) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component without protrusions; (vi) a third separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (vii) a second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions, wherein said second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component is positioned so as to be rotated relative to said first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component so that it's notches are positioned atop said protrusions of said first non magnetic conductive metal; (viii) a fourth separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (ix) a second ferrite toroidal component; (x) a first incoming wire being wrapped around a portion of said stacked group, being a hot wire; (xi) a second incoming wire being wrapped around a different portion of said stacked group, being a ground wire.

2. The energy saving device of claim 1 wherein said doped separator of said at least one inductor capacitive reactor contains dope selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, boron nitride, graphite, and graphene.

3. The energy saving device of claim 1 wherein said ferrite toroidal component of said at least one inductor capacitive reactor has a frequency in the range of 25 Hertz to 1 Gigahertz.

4. The energy saving device of claim 1 wherein said separator components inductor capacitive reactor are dielectric film separator components.

5. The energy saving device of claim 1 wherein said at least one inductor capacitive reactor has a first non-conductive end piece on top of said first ferrite toroidal component and has a second non-conductive end piece under said second ferrite toroidal component.

6. The energy saving device of claim 5 wherein said at least one inductor capacitive reactor said first non-conductive end piece on top of said first ferrite toroidal component and said second non-conductive end piece under said second ferrite toroidal component are selected from the group consisting of fiberglass, fiberglass encapsulation, epoxy and epoxy encapsulation.

7. The energy saving device of claim 1, which further includes a multiphase arrangement of more than one such inductor capacitive reactor connected directly or indirectly to one another selected from the group consisting of two said inductor capacitive reactors for a two phase combination, and three inductor capacitive reactors for a three phase combination.

8. An energy saving device for reducing electrical consumption utilizing at least one inductor capacitive reactor, for commercial and similar amperage needs, wherein that at least one reactor functions as a multifaceted transformer with both inductor and capacitor functionalities and operates iteratively, said energy saving device comprises: a.) connecting means for connection to an incoming power supply of a facility, for connection in parallel, including a hot line and a neutral line, and at least one ground, and having the following components connected between said hot line and said neutral line, in the following order; b.) at least one front capacitor of predetermined capacitance, with a resistor; c.) at least two front arc suppressors; d.) at least one front metal oxide varistor line transient voltage surge suppressor having a predetermined number of joules capability to suppress undesired power spikes; e.) at least one inductor capacitive reactor; f.) at least a second capacitor of its own predetermined capacitance; g.) at least one metal oxide varistor having a predetermined number of joules capability; h.) at least two capacitors, each with a resisitor, each of said at least two capacitors, each having its own predetermined capacitance different from one another; wherein said at least one inductor capacitive reactor includes a stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components sequentially arranged as follows: (i) a first ferrite toroidal component; (ii) a first separator component, being a doped separator component; (iii) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions; (iv) a second separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (v) a non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component without protrusions; (vi) a third separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (vii) a second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions, wherein said second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component is positioned so as to be rotated relative to said first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component so that it's notches are positioned atop said protrusions of said first non magnetic conductive metal; (viii) a fourth separator component, being selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; (ix) a second ferrite toroidal component; (x) a first incoming wire being wrapped around a portion of said stacked group, being a hot wire; (xi) a second incoming wire being wrapped around a different portion of said stacked group, being a ground wire.

9. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said doped separator of said at least one inductor capacitive reactor contains dope selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, boron nitride, graphite, and graphene.

10. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said ferrite toroidal component of said at least one inductor capacitive reactor has a frequency in the range of 25 Hertz to 1 Gigahertz.

11. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said separator components inductor capacitive reactor are dielectric film separator components.

12. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said at least one inductor capacitive reactor has a first non-conductive end piece on top of said first ferrite toroidal component and has a second non-conductive end piece under said second ferrite toroidal component.

13. The energy saving device of claim 12 wherein said at least one inductor capacitive reactor said first non-conductive end piece on top of said first ferrite toroidal component and said second non-conductive end piece under said second ferrite toroidal component are selected from the group consisting of fiberglass, fiberglass encapsulation, epoxy and epoxy encapsulation.

14. The energy saving device of claim 8, which further includes a multiphase arrangement of more than one such inductor capacitive reactor connected directly or indirectly to one another selected from the group consisting of two said inductor capacitive reactors for a two phase combination, and three inductor capacitive reactors for a three phase combination.

15. The energy saving device system of claim 8 wherein said at least one inductor capacitive reactor has windings as follows: said first incoming wire being wrapped around a first portion of said stacked group, being a hot wire, and said second incoming wire being wrapped around a second, different portion of said stacked group, being a ground wire, and further wherein a section of said first incoming wire passes at right angles under said second incoming wire, and wherein a section of said second incoming wire passes at right angles under said first incoming wire.

16. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said at least a second capacitor is a plurality of capacitors having different capacitances.

17. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said components are arranged for operating as a single phase device.

18. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said components are duplicated to create two connected sets thereof and are arranged for operation as a two phase device.

19. The energy saving device of claim 8 further including the following component: at least one resistor having a predetermined resistance.

20. The energy saving device of claim 8 wherein said components are triplicated therein to form three connected sets thereof and are arranged as a three phase device, and further wherein each set of said triplicated component's at least two capacitors is at least three capacitors, each having its own predetermined capacitance different from one another.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] The present invention will be more fully understood when the present specification is taken in conjunction with the appended drawings, wherein:

[0045] FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic diagram of a present invention energy saving device for reducing electrical consumption utilizing at least one inductor capacitive reactor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for a three phase power unit;

[0046] FIG. 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of a present invention energy saving device for reducing electrical consumption utilizing at least one inductor capacitive reactor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for a two phase power unit;

[0047] FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a present invention energy saving device for reducing electrical consumption utilizing at least one inductor capacitive reactor in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, for a one phase power unit;

[0048] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram illustrating features of some present invention energy saving devices for high amperage usage with at least one inductor capacitive reactor for reducing electrical consumption;

[0049] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrate a block diagram of high amperage present invention device inductor capacitive reactors, typical for residential and other high amperage uses;

[0050] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of high amperage present invention device with inductor capacitive reactors, showing some typical uses for residential and other high amperage uses;

[0051] FIG. 7 shows a front oblique blown apart view of one embodiment of the present invention inductor capacitive reactor that is used for higher amperage installations, such as in the range of 25 amps, up to hundreds of amps;

[0052] FIG. 8 shows relative rotational positions of notched nonmagnetic metal toroid components of the present invention;

[0053] FIG. 9 shows a front oblique view of the assembled inductor capacitive reactor of FIG. 7;

[0054] FIG. 10 shows the wired inductor capacitive reactor of FIG. 9; and

[0055] FIGS. 11 through 16 illustrate top view footprints of various present invention inductor capacitive reactors.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

[0056] Co-pending continuation in part U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 13/999,481, filed on Mar. 4, 2014, by the same inventor herein and having the same assignee, titled Systems For Reducing Electrical Consumption Using Triple Core Iterative Transformers is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, including all specification, claims and drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0057] The present invention is directed to a new generation of high amperage energy saving devices using one or more new generation iterative transformers that are inductor capacitive reactors. The parent co-pending application incorporated herein by reference describes novel advanced iterative transformers. The present invention inductor capacitive reactors replace those iterative transformers and also operate iteratively, but are faster and more efficient that those iterative transformers and in many applications will be more accurate, sometimes by an order of magnitude. The present invention energy saving device with inductor capacitive reactors are utilized in many forms of energy saving devices, such as described in the co-pending parent application incorporated herein by reference, as well as modifications of other prior art energy saver devices, filters and systems. Thus, these present invention energy saving devices with inductor capacitive reactors have uses in fixed wiring, such as residential, commercial and industrial settings, typically installed at the incoming line breaker boxes, but also at substations and specific units, such as wired motor driven devicesprinting presses, manufacturing lines, chemical lines, plastic product production lines, lighting systems and specific components thereof, as well as in portable electric devices that are plugged in, such as domestic and commercial washers and dryers, refrigeration and air conditioning units, etc.

[0058] In one preferred embodiment, the present invention energy saving device with at least one inductor capacitive reactor is used in a system that is in line with AC Incoming Voltage to an electrical load site, such as an industrial, commercial, educational or recreational facility. A typical electrical supply arrangement includes an electrical feed line from the service provider connected to all of the electrical devices in a particular location, as in the case of circuit breakers for the main source or for fuel cells or generators for large motors. In another preferred embodiment, the present invention devices with at least inductor capacitive reactor(s) are used in higher amperage energy saving devices for typically commercial, industrial and institutional environments, typically also in line with incoming AC voltage to the electrical load site. As mentioned, these devices with the present invention inductor capacitive reactors may also be installed at specific electric consuming equipment, devices and systems, and may also be installed into moveable plug-in devices and other portable devices, such as power equipment and portable and fixed power generators.

[0059] Thus, in some implementations, these inductor capacitive reactor-containing energy saving systems may be attached at the main source for such things as large motors and motor driven systems. In this manner, they reduce the harmonics in a building; lowering the total harmonic distortion (ThD) to a very low value and adjusting any low Power Factor so as to be adjusted to 0.95 or greater. A Transient Voltage Surge Suppressor (TVSS) may also be included with a feature to reduce the spikes that can be portable, mobile, or hard wired, for the protection of the location.

[0060] In conjunction with the foregoing, the present invention inductor capacitive reactors can reduce the demand for power by controlling the noise factor and regulating electrical surges and sags in a building, thereby lowering the energy consumption. These systems incorporating the present invention inductor capacitive reactors also has the ability to work with large generators and with fuel cell systems for preventing a loss of voltage and current in a given situation and maintaining power requirements needed for short periods of time. In the generator, the system not only reduces kilowatt usage being drawn but also reduces its need for fuel consumption. In the fuel cell, the system is able to suppress the surge/sag, which results in more efficiency for the fuel cell to produce more energy.

[0061] In one implementation, a parallel AC power system helps provide a balanced AC load to the potential electrical feed to the building or power supplied by the utility company by means of an electrical enclosure with its electrical parts. It is installed parallel to the main load and/or to the motors drawing the most power. It acts as a voltage and current absorber and corrects a poor power factor. It also improves the THD (Total Harmonic Distortion).

[0062] When this present invention inductor capacitive reactor in an energy saving system is connected in parallel to the source, it decreases the phase angle of current and voltage. If voltage or current are out of phase it adjusts to proper phase. This system reduces power consumption and responds to the load by means of its current draw and adjusts to the demand by lowering its storage mechanisms. It adjusts the voltage to its current demands by giving the device a supply of voltage, which results in lower demand on usage of its power consumption.

[0063] Principles of the present application are also particularly applicable to industrial settings with high current demands (e.g., with loads drawing up to 5,000 Amps). It should be recognized, however, that principles of the present invention are applicable to other electrical load settings, from the largest industrial and commercial applications to small residential and ancillary building electrifications.

[0064] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an electrical power conditioning system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The schematic diagram of FIG. 1 is a three phase arrangement, although it should be recognized that the principles embodied in the arrangement illustrated in FIG. 1 are applicable to a single phase arrangement, a two phase arrangement, etc. In FIG. 1, the White line is a neutral line, and the Red, Blue, Black and Green are so-called hot lines or hot legs. Although FIG. 1 includes specific values for circuit elements illustrated therein, in should be realized that these are exemplary values and that these values may vary depending on the particular electrical power distribution environment.

[0065] Generally, the arrangement of FIG. 1 employs a generating means connected in a paralleling noise reduction unit to the incoming power source from Red, Blue and Black lines. The White lines are preferably connected to the Green lines for beneficial grounding that enhances the functioning of the present invention devices and systems.

[0066] Capacitors C1, C2, C3, C12, C13, C14 (which are a dry film type according to one preferred present invention embodiment implementation) are connected in parallel to the front end of the unit. This helps in the reduction of the lower harmonic noise on the fundamental frequency (e.g., 30 Hz to 400 Hz) input lines. This type of arcing band pass filter, (filter capacitors) are intolerant of reverse current and heat. Run type capacitor working voltage [WV] ratings should be treated with respect. The WV rating is virtually the maximum voltage rating. Despite their more delicate nature, these filter capacitors offer substantial advantages over electrolytic filter capacitors. The main advantages are more joules of energy storage per capacitor, reduced weight and reduced volume. This combination with the dry caps is called an Arcing Setup in a circuit with the installed MOVs. When the capacitors are operated in series, they should share the voltage equally. In order to do this, a voltage equalizer resistor is connected across each capacitor. The equalizer resistor comes with the caps on them or in them. In FIG. 1, capacitors C6, C7, C8, C12, C13 and C14 (which are oil type capacitors for high current use according to an embodiment of the present invention) function to remove the lower fundamental frequencies of the harmonic bands with a filter for high frequency spikes, sparking and transients with a snubber network, SB1, CSB2 and SB3 (which are Quencharc type according to an embodiment of the present invention), in the circuit helping to reduce noise created by motors running on that panel box.

[0067] Capacitors C5, C6, C7, C8 (which are oil type capacitors for high current applications according to an embodiment of the present invention) are connected in series to allow for more current to pass; in addition the needed values will be half the capacitance but will allow for more current to pass through them and prevent damage to the capacitors in this manner from the harmonic noise still passing through them. The MOVs (metal oxide varistors) VAR1, VAR2, VAR3, VAR4, VAR5, VAR6 are for the transients spikes from the input line and also reduce the transponder non-fundamental frequencies for the AC line suppression for creating a very clean EMI/RFI reduction from the power lines.

[0068] Arranging three component present invention Inductor Capacitive Reactors LA1, LA2, LA3 in series on the Hot legs (Red, Blue, Black and Green) creates a low pass filter or other non-fundamental frequency currents flowing to the load but opposite in phase; filter for as setting up a current load to the source for balancing of the phases being applied to reactor capacitors C9, C10, C11 (which are oil type capacitors according to an embodiment of the present invention). This large LC type network creates a network where the current being drawn by the incoming load reacts with the power factor; this will create an imbalance load in the case of offset lagging current and creating a current generating means in which the excess power is then converted to power from the fundamental frequency then supplied back to the AC power source, which may include a generator or fuel cell.

[0069] With MOVs VAR7, VAR8, VAR9, VAR10, VAR11, VAR12 across the leading current, the MOV's now can reduce the major part of the voltage transients whereas the current now will be reduced at the source. Capacitors C15, C16, C17 (which are oil type capacitors for high current according to an embodiment of the present invention) are provided in the circuit for added protection of the stray harmonics that could damage the upcoming capacitance stage, whereas this will keep the capacitors from having more current through them to prevent an unwanted catastrophic failure. The output stage with one or more capacitors is acting as a Voltage/Current storage device; wired as a Y or delta configuration sets up a Kvar injection to the incoming source for proper balancing of all voltage and current fields across the current power source. The resistors R4, R5, R6 in conjunction with a lamp, displays an indication for that phase which is active.

[0070] Paralleling up to 12 of these device stages together across the 3 phases and injection of 1000 to 50000 Kvar's to the power source with great response with less noise created by the motors, resistive loads and the inductive loads; this nonlinear loading represented by non-fundamental frequency load currents in the source; the demand with harmonics on a given location creating a larger bill to the customer and not really using that demand. This will bring the demand down on a building with the reduction of harmonics, thereby stabilizing the building with cleaner AC power in the building.

[0071] The first stage of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 functions as an EMI/TVSS section for all suppressors needed for incoming voltage spikes. This band pass filter reacts to the line load by injection of Kvar's to the source. The second stage of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 acts as a variable inductor filter to handle the THD and the power factor of the line loads. The last stage of the system illustrated in FIG. 1 creates storage capacity to keep the unit under load with a voltage/current reserve for unexpected surges and sags.

[0072] Significantly, this system lowers the harmonics being produced by the motor (in the case in which the load is a motor), thereby greatly reducing the current being consumed. As an additional benefit, this keeps the motor running cooler, hence reducing the wear and tear on the motor. Furthermore, there is achieved a reduction of energy being used by means of Kw (kilowatt hours) through lowering the demand from its source. Energy savings will occur with all of these key features working together; the result being a significant (e.g., 10 to 30%) reduction of energy used by the consumer and less maintenance on motors with a cleaner energy going back to the utility company supplying the power.

[0073] Three Component Inductor Capacitive Reactor Design

[0074] According to an embodiment of the present invention, three component inductor capacitive reactors LA1, LA2, and LA3 are configured using a component, coil and winding arrangement as described herein in subsequent Figures below. Generally, a coil design according to this embodiment of the present invention employs a generating means of detecting the current in the paralleling noise reduction unit to the incoming power source. The winding wire being used may preferably be a THWN gas and oil type wire.

[0075] The direction of the wire from the white (Neutral) is wound in a proper manner for the magnet flux fields and have this conformingly to the windings. The Hot legs using a color such as (Black, Red, Blue) also follow this winding pattern for proper operation. This has the most effect on the loads being applied to for the direction of the currents being picked up from the source. The reaction of the white (Neutral) plays a role in where this reduces the amount of frequencies where as it puts the phasing at 180 degrees out of phase to the incoming hot leg. The means of winding the hot also places a 90 degree phase from the white, and thus counteracts the flow of current and the harmonic frequencies out of phase to the coil reactor in the circuit. This sets up the current sensing device for the voltage and the current sensing whereas it removes the fundamental frequency component acting in a manner as a notch filter device to the applied circuit; its power efficiently flows in either direction between its output storage capacitors in the circuit. Like a notch filter, this removes the fundamental frequencies and controls the current source by injecting a current back into the AC power line from the storage capacitors connected in a manner like a Y or Delta stage in the unit. Thus, the present invention inductor capacitive reactor provides a means of controlling the harmonics in a given power source for saving energy and the reducing harmonics (harmonics would otherwise be significantly detrimental to the life of the capacitors in a circuit). This also can be used as a current detection method in which it can replace a CT clamp used to detect the current in a given circuit without clamping it to the incoming line.

[0076] FIG. 2 shows a preferred present invention System for reducing electrical consumption utilizing inductor capacitive reactors, for a two phase unit. Thus, of the components and arrangements are identical to the arrangements and values set forth in the top of Figure ldescribed above. All of the components and related values shown in FIG. 1 that pertain to the FIG. 2 components are identical and need not be repeated.

[0077] FIG. 3 shows a preferred present invention System for reducing electrical consumption utilizing triple core iterative transformers, for a one phase unit. Thus, of the components and arrangements are identical to the arrangements and values set forth in the top of Figure one described above. All of the components and related values shown in FIG. 1 that pertain to the FIG. 2 components are identical and need not be repeated.

[0078] FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram that illustrates the preferred embodiments of the present invention energy saving devices with at least one inductor capacitive reactor for high amperage applications, showing essential electronic features. Some of these features are known in the prior art and/or are disclosed in co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/999,481 incorporated herein by reference above. The AC power comes into a facility with a main breaker box or through fixed (hard) wiring of an electric-consuming item of equipment or appliance, or through the connected plug of a portable appliance or equipment, and is then fed through an appropriate Energy Management System, block 401, for reducing electrical consumption. By appropriate is meant the correct size and model for a one phase, two phase, or three phase service. Thus, as, the system shown in block 401 may be a three phase, two phase or a one phase configuration. In other words, the present invention system of block 401 may be any of the configurations described or known such as those shown in FIGS. 1, 2, and 3 of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/999,481 as well as similarly functional variations and equivalents thereof, except that the iterative transformer(s) contained in those Figures are now replaced by the present invention inductor capacitive reactor(s). FIG. 4 illustrates, with boxes and connecting lines, the various electronic functions and relationships that may be deployed with the present invention inductor capacitive reactors described above and below. They include harmonic filter 403, with surge suppression 405, and harmonic filters and snubber network filter 407, interacting with inductor/transformer 409 with first power storage 411. Power factor correction, i.e., phase/power factor 413 includes an EMI filter and is connected to both second power storage 415 with notch filters. Surge suppression 419, EMI/harmonic filters 417 and snubber network filter 421 are interconnected with the phase/power factor 413 and each other, as shown.

[0079] Electrical loads, such as non-linear loads, including DC motors, create harmonic distortions, electrical spikes, and poor power factor, which have negative impact on efficiency and the condition of the load itself (e.g., overheating and reduced motor life). Other internal and external physical conditions also contribute to these and other deviant (inefficient) characteristics that adversely affect electrical consumption. Thus, the present invention is an energy saving device with inductor capacitive reactor for reducing electrical consumption that includes one or more devices that recognize electromagnetic interference with means to suppress line transient voltage surges, means to regulate harmonics distortion, means to enhance power factor correction and means to maintain phase regulation by maintaining phase relationship between voltage and current at times of increased power demands, using newly discovered arrangements of components to achieve these results.

[0080] In FIG. 5, the present invention inductor capacitive reactor 200 for commercial/industrial and similar high amperage needs that functions as a multifaceted transformer with both inductor and capacitor functionalities that operates iteratively, includes a stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components sequentially arranged 201, as follows: a first ferrite toroidal component 203; a first separator 205, being a doped separator; a first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component 207 having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions; a second separator 209, selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; a second ferrite toroidal component 211; a third separator 213, being a doped or non-doped separator; a second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component 215 having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions; a fourth separator 217, selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; a second ferrite toroidal component 219. The insulative caps or encapsulation 221, is the same as set forth elsewhere herein. Likewise, the one, two and three phase combinations 223 are similar to those described in the Figures above.

[0081] When the separators are doped, they may be doped with any workable doping agent and these are well known in the circuit board doping industry. In preferred embodiments, the dope is selected from the group consisting of gallium nitride, gallium arsenide, boron nitride, boron arsenide, graphite and graphene, as well as combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the separator components are dielectric film separator components. Separators may be thin plastic film, paper, paper/film composite, wax paper, or other known insulative and dielectric separators. In some cases coatings of dolph, varnish, or other layer. These treatments and the addition of doping agents may be achieved by vapor deposition, spray, coating, dipping, film application (heat weld, glue, etc.). The dope may be applied directly or in solution.

[0082] In some cases, graphene may be applied to the separators or the aluminum or other metal toroids. Graphene is a miracle coating known as a nano coating, sometimes only one or two or three atoms of carbon thick. It is commercially available, but rare and expensive. As recently described by the United States Department of Energy (Aug. 30, 2017, USDOE News Release) titled Controlling Traffic On the Electron Highway: Researching Graphene, graphene creates a very powerful magnetic field that accelerates the movement of electrons. Thus, in the context of the present invention, the flow of electrons may be more rapid with graphene, speeding up the corrective effects of the present invention inductor capacitive reactor by rearranging the flow faster to reduce harmonics and other deficiencies and irregularities.

[0083] The ferrite toroidal components 203 and 219 of FIG. 5 may have a frequency in the range of 25 Hertz to 1 Gigahertz.

[0084] Referring again to FIG. 5, insulative end caps or encapsulation 221 may be used to isolate and protect the present invention reactor from external physical and electrical interference. This is done after windings, such as those described herein elsewhere and in the parent application incorporated herein by reference. In some preferred embodiments, the windings are or include a plurality of windings wrapped around the stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components so as to pass through the hollow center thereof, the windings including at least one hot wire and at least one ground wire. The encapsulation may be accomplished with epoxy resin dipping or coating, or with fiberglass coatings or other known encapsulation coatings and seals. One technique involves assembling the present invention reactors in metal or other boxes with the other components of an energy management system (energy saving device) and pouring epoxy into the box to simultaneously encapsulate the entire contents. Alternatively, a present invention inductor capacitive reactor 200 may have a first non-conductive end piece on top of its first ferrite toroidal component and a second non-conductive end piece under its second ferrite toroidal component. This stacked pack can then be placed an insulated protective container. In any of these techniques, of course, connective wiring from windings needs to be exposed after encapsulation for connection to other energy management system components.

[0085] The first and second toroidal components may be made of the same metal or different metals and are typically commercially available ferrite torroids.

[0086] Continuing on FIG. 5, the described reactor 200 may be used alone or in combination with the same or equivalents reactors. Alone or combined reactors 223 may be as follows: the reactor alone will be for a single phase use, with one other twin reactor, will be for a two phase use, and with two additional reactors (totaling three) will be for a three phase use. Thus, the inductor capacitive reactor 200 of FIG. 5, offers a multiphase arrangement of more than one such inductor capacitive reactor 200 connected directly or indirectly to one another selected from the group consisting of two said inductor capacitive reactors for a two phase combination, and three inductor capacitive reactors for a three phase combination.

[0087] FIG. 6 illustrates a block diagram of high amperage present invention device with inductor capacitive reactors, showing some typical uses for residential, small business, industrial, commercial and other high amperage uses 300. These reactors (with their energy saving device components) may be used on incoming building or facility loads, individual electric-consuming devices, appliances, equipment, etc, both portable and fixed wired 301. Some examples of common high amperage uses 303 and of other high amperage uses 305 are listed, respectively.

[0088] FIG. 7 shows a front oblique blown apart view of one embodiment of the present invention inductor capacitive reactor 600A that is used for higher amperage installations, such as in the range of 25 amps, up to hundreds of amps, such as 400 amps or higher. As noted, there is a stacked group of hollow centered continuous loop components sequentially arranged as follows: a first ferrite toroidal component 601; a first separator 603, being a doped separator; a first non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component 605 having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions; a second separator 607, selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; a second ferrite toroidal component 609; a third separator 611, being a doped or non-doped separator; a second non-magnetic conductive metal toroidal component 613 having a plurality of protrusions with notches between said protrusions; a fourth separator 615, selected from the group consisting of doped and non-doped; a second ferrite toroidal component 617.

[0089] FIG. 8 shows the relative rotational positions of notched nonmagnetic metal toroid components 605 and 613 shown in FIG. 7, with all other interleafed and above and below components removed for clarity. As can be seen, they are shifted relative to one another to be symmetrically out of phase with one another. Thus, notch 625 of component 605 is evenly positioned above protrusion 629 of component 613 and likewise protrusion 627 of component 605 is positioned evenly above notch 631 of component 613. These notches, separated by the other components (shown above, but not here) and set off from one another, are believed to slightly alter the flow of electrons and change the magnetic fields, and have been found to be more efficient than without the notches.

[0090] FIG. 9 shows a front oblique view of one embodiment of the present invention assembled inductor capacitive reactor 600A of FIG. 7, but in its assembled form and thus now designated as reactor 600B. Identical parts are identically numbered as to FIGS. 7 and 9.

[0091] FIG. 10 shows the assembled present invention inductor capacitive reactor 600A and 600B of FIGS. 7 and 9, but now including windings and designated as reactor 600C. Identical parts from FIGS. 7 and 9 are identically numbered. To the left is a first set of windings 703, incoming at end 705 and exiting at end 707. This may be a hot line, a neutral line or a ground line but is preferably a hot line. To the right is a second set of windings 709 which would be different from the first set of windings, and may be a hot line, neutral or ground, but is preferably a ground line. Windings 709 have an incoming end 711 and an exiting end 713.

[0092] FIGS. 11 through 16 illustrate top view footprints of various present invention inductor capacitive reactors. FIG. 11 illustrates a circular shape 810; FIG. 12 illustrates an oval shape 820; FIG. 13 illustrates a rectangular shape 830; FIG. 14 illustrates an hexagonal (polygonal family) shape 840; FIG. 15 illustrates a square shape 850; and FIG. 16 illustrates an irregular shape 860. Irregular shapes may be necessary to fit an small energy saver device into an appliance for example. Other symmetrical shapes and asymmetrical shapes are contemplated without exceeding the scope of the present invention.

[0093] Although particular embodiments of the invention have been described in detail herein with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to those particular embodiments, and that various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.