Refrigerant liquid-gas separator

Abstract

An HVAC system includes a refrigerant liquid-gas separator. The liquid-gas separator is thermally coupled to electronics to transfer heat away from the electronics, and assist in vaporizing liquid refrigerant. The liquid-gas separator device includes a refrigeration section configured to couple to a refrigeration loop, and electronics thermally coupled to the refrigeration section. The refrigeration section includes: (a) a refrigerant inlet configured to receive refrigerant from the refrigeration loop; (b) a refrigerant outlet configured to release vapor refrigerant to the refrigeration loop; and (c) a cavity coupled to the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet, the cavity configured to separate liquid refrigerant from vapor refrigerant. During use of the HVAC system, heat from the electronics board is transferred to the refrigerant. The liquid-gas separator includes a check valve configured to inhibit flow of refrigerant into the liquid-gas separator device via the refrigerant outlet.

Claims

1. A method of cooling electronics, comprising: receiving a refrigerant via a refrigerant inlet of a liquid-gas separator device, wherein the refrigerant comprises a vapor refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant; separating, within a refrigerant cavity of the liquid-gas separator device, the vapor refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant flows from an inlet sub-cavity coupled to the refrigerant inlet over or under a planar divider to an outlet sub-cavity coupled to a refrigerant outlet, the planar divider extending from at least one wall of the refrigerant cavity into the refrigerant cavity and at least partially defining the inlet sub-cavity coupled to the refrigerant inlet and the outlet sub-cavity coupled to the refrigerant outlet; operating one or more electronic components thermally coupled to the refrigerant cavity, whereby the one or more electronic components generate heat during operation; facilitating transfer of at least a portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant while the refrigerant is within the refrigerant cavity; and releasing the vapor refrigerant via the refrigerant outlet of the liquid-gas separator device; whereby facilitating transfer of the at least a portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant converts at least a portion of the refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant to the vapor refrigerant; and whereby facilitating transfer of the at least a portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant cools the one or more electronic components.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising utilizing a check valve within the liquid-gas separator device to inhibit flow of refrigerant into the liquid-gas separator device through the refrigerant outlet.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising utilizing an oil aperture within the liquid-gas separator device to enable flow of oil out of the liquid-gas separator device through the refrigerant outlet.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving refrigerant via a refrigerant hose coupled to the refrigerant inlet.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving refrigerant from an evaporator.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising releasing the liquid refrigerant to the evaporator.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising releasing the liquid refrigerant to a refrigerant reservoir.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising separating the vapor refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant via gravity.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the one or more electronic components comprises a battery management system.

10. The method of claim 1, further comprising facilitating transfer of at least the portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant via one or more fasteners.

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising facilitating transfer of at least the portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant via a thermal material.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising releasing the vapor refrigerant to a compressor.

13. A method of cooling electronics, comprising: receiving a refrigerant via a refrigerant inlet of a liquid-gas separator device, wherein the refrigerant comprises a vapor refrigerant and a liquid refrigerant; separating, within a refrigerant cavity of the liquid-gas separator device, the vapor refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant, wherein the refrigerant flows from an inlet sub-cavity coupled to the refrigerant inlet over or under a planar divider to an outlet sub-cavity coupled to a refrigerant outlet, the planar divider extending from at least one wall of the refrigerant cavity into the refrigerant cavity and at least partially defining the inlet sub-cavity coupled to the refrigerant inlet and the outlet sub-cavity coupled to the refrigerant outlet; operating one or more electronic components thermally coupled to the refrigerant cavity, whereby the one or more electronic components generate heat during operation; facilitating transfer of at least a portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant while the refrigerant is within the refrigerant cavity; and releasing the vapor refrigerant via the refrigerant outlet of the liquid-gas separator device.

14. The method of claim 13, whereby facilitating transfer of the at least a portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant converts at least a portion of the refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant to the vapor refrigerant.

15. The method of claim 13, whereby facilitating transfer of the at least a portion of the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant cools the one or more electronic components.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising utilizing a check valve within the liquid-gas separator device to inhibit flow of refrigerant into the liquid-gas separator device through the refrigerant outlet.

17. The method of claim 13, further comprising utilizing an oil aperture within the liquid-gas separator device to enable flow of oil out of the liquid-gas separator device through the refrigerant outlet.

18. The method of claim 13, further comprising receiving refrigerant from an evaporator.

19. The method of claim 18, further comprising releasing the liquid refrigerant to the evaporator.

20. The method of claim 13, further comprising releasing the liquid refrigerant to a refrigerant reservoir.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) For a better understanding of the various described implementations, reference should be made to the Detailed Description below, in conjunction with the following drawings in which like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the figures.

(2) FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a representative air-conditioning system in accordance with some implementations.

(3) FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a representative air-conditioning system in a vehicle in accordance with some implementations.

(4) FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a representative controller in accordance with some implementations.

(5) FIGS. 4A-4G illustrate a representative liquid-gas separator device in accordance with some implementations.

(6) FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart representation of a method for cooling electronics, in accordance with some implementations.

(7) FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate representative liquid-gas separator devices in accordance with some implementations.

(8) Like reference numerals refer to corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) Reference will now be made in detail to implementations, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various described implementations. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the various described implementations may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the implementations.

(10) Many modifications and variations of this disclosure can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. The specific implementations described herein are offered by way of example only, and the disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.

(11) Some implementations of the present disclosure are described in the context of air-conditioning systems for use in vehicles, and in particular, in the context of air-conditioning systems to cool different compartments or spaces of an over-the-road or off-road vehicle. In some implementations, the air-conditioning system includes, or is a component of, a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system. It is to be appreciated that the term vehicle as used herein may refer to trucks, such as tractor-trailer trucks or semi-trailer trucks, the scope of the present teachings is not so limited. The present teachings are also applicable, without limitation, to cars, vans, buses, trailers, boats, planes, and any other suitable vehicle.

(12) In some implementations, the air-conditioning system includes a refrigerant reservoir either before the evaporator or after the evaporator. In some implementations, the system uses a refrigerant reservoir after the evaporator and before the compressor. In some implementations, an accumulator, which stores the excess refrigerant that has not changed phase into a complete vapor (i.e., is a mixture of both vapor and liquid), is used as the refrigerant reservoir.

(13) In some implementations, the compressor is an electric brushless DC (BLDC) motor driven compressor that uses an electronic controller to electrically commutate the compressor motor. In some implementations, this controller has certain electrical components that need to be cooled to function properly.

(14) In some implementations, the system combines both the refrigerant accumulator and the electronics cooling system. As the refrigerant flows into the accumulator the mixture of liquid and vapor refrigerant functions as a heat sink and transfers heat from the electronic board and into the refrigerant. In some implementations, the two components are separated by a thermal barrier, such as an aluminum pressure vessel designed for heat transfer and as a pressure vessel for the refrigerant.

(15) The added advantage of using this combined accumulator and electronics cooler is that more of the refrigerant is changed from a liquid to a vapor. This can reduce the amount of liquid stored in the accumulator thereby reducing the risk of liquid being drawn into the compressor and damaging the compressor during the compression cycle.

(16) In some implementations, the air-conditioning system includes at least one compressor, at least one condenser, at least one evaporator, refrigerant lines, and an energy source, such as a battery system. In some implementations, the refrigerant lines fluidly connect the compressor, condenser and evaporators to form a refrigerant circuit. In some implementations, a condenser includes at least one condenser fan. In some implementations, an evaporator includes at least one evaporator fan (also sometimes called a blower fan).

(17) In some implementations, the air-conditioning system includes at least one user interface (e.g., touch screen) and at least one sensor (e.g., a thermostat). In some implementations, the energy source includes at least one battery or power source and a battery monitoring system (also sometimes called a battery management system). In some implementations, the battery monitoring system includes at least one current sensor. In some implementations, the battery monitoring system includes a controller, such as an automatic temperature controller. In some implementations, the controller is electrically coupled to other components of the air-conditioning system (e.g., a compressor, a condenser, etc.) to control operation of these components.

(18) FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an air-conditioning system 100 (sometimes also called a refrigeration system or a refrigerant system) in accordance with some implementations. FIG. 1 shows the refrigeration system 100 including a compressor 102, a condenser 104, an evaporator 106, and refrigerant lines 122 fluidly connecting the compressor 102, condenser 104, and evaporator 106 to form a refrigerant circuit for circulating a refrigerant. In accordance with some implementations, the refrigerant circuit shown in FIG. 1 includes a receiver drier unit 108 and a liquid-gas separator device 114. In some implementations, the refrigerant circuit includes only one of the receiver drier unit 108 and the liquid-gas separator device 114.

(19) In FIG. 1, the condenser 104 is disposed downstream of the compressor 102 and fluidly connected to the compressor 102 by a refrigerant line 122-1. The receiver drier unit 108 is disposed downstream of the condenser 104 and fluidly connected to the condenser 104 by a refrigerant line 122-2. In accordance with some implementations, the receiver drier unit 108 includes a receiver drier 110 and a first sensor 112. The evaporator 106 is disposed downstream of the receiver drier unit 108 and fluidly connected to the receiver drier unit 108 by a refrigerant line 122-3. As used herein, the term “downstream” refers to a position along a refrigerant line in the direction of the refrigerant flow. As used herein, the term “upstream” refers to a position along a refrigerant line opposite to the direction of the refrigerant flow.

(20) In accordance with some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 114 is disposed downstream of the evaporator 106 and fluidly connected to the evaporator 106 by a refrigerant line 122-4 and to the compressor 102 by a refrigerant line 122-5, thus forming a refrigerant circuit for circulating the refrigerant. In some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 114 includes an accumulator 116, electronics 119, and a second sensor 118. In some implementations, the electronics 119 are thermally coupled to the accumulator 116 such that heat from the electronics 119 is transferred to refrigerant in the accumulator 116. In some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 114 includes one or more connectors to mount to an inside of a vehicle engine compartment.

(21) In some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 114 further includes one or more fasteners configured to secure electronics to the accumulator 116. In some implementations, the electronics are thermally coupled to refrigerant in the accumulator 116 via the one or more fasteners. In some implementations, the electronics are thermally coupled to refrigerant in the accumulator 116 via a thermal material, such as thermal grease, thermal pad(s), and/or thermal paste. In some implementations, the electronics are thermally coupled to refrigerant in the accumulator 116 via the housing of the accumulator 116, the one or more fasteners, and a thermal material.

(22) In some implementations, the accumulator 116 includes a refrigerant inlet configured to receive refrigerant from the refrigeration loop (e.g., from the evaporator 106); a refrigerant outlet configured to release vapor refrigerant to the refrigeration loop (e.g., to the compressor 102); and a cavity coupled to the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet, the cavity configured to separate liquid refrigerant from vapor refrigerant. In some implementations, the accumulator 116 includes a liquid-vapor separator within the cavity, the liquid-vapor separator coupled to the refrigerant outlet and configured to impede the liquid refrigerant from being released via the refrigerant outlet. In some implementations, the accumulator 116 is configured to utilize gravity to prevent the liquid refrigerant from being released via the refrigerant outlet. In some implementations, the accumulator 116 is configured to withstand pressure exerted by the refrigerant. In some implementations, the accumulator 116 includes a second outlet configured to release liquid refrigerant from the accumulator (e.g., to the evaporator 106 or the reservoir 128). In some implementations, the accumulator 116 includes an inlet cavity coupled to the refrigerant inlet; an outlet cavity coupled to the refrigerant outlet; and a cap fluidly coupling the inlet cavity to the outlet cavity. In some implementations, the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet are located on one side of the accumulator and the cap is positioned on the opposite side of the accumulator. In some implementations, the accumulator is formed from an extruded metal.

(23) In some implementations, the electronics 119 includes controller electronics for the compressor 102. In some implementations, the electronics 119 includes controller electronics for the evaporator 106 and/or the condenser 104. In some implementations, the electronics 119 includes one or more of: a direct current (DC) to DC converter; an alternating current (AC) to AC converter; a DC to AC converter; an AC to DC converter; a power converter component; and a transformer. In some implementations, the electronics 119 includes one or more electronics boards thermally coupled to the accumulator 116, such that in use heat from the one or more electronics boards is transferred to refrigerant in the accumulator 116.

(24) In some implementations, the first sensor 112 and the second sensor 118 are optionally any type of sensor suitable to measure temperature and/or pressure of the refrigerant, including but not limited to combined pressure and temperature transducers. In some implementations, the first sensor 112 includes a first temperature sensor and a first pressure sensor; and the second sensor 118 includes a second temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor. In some implementations, the first sensor 112 is disposed on the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit, and optionally installed at the receiver drier 110 such as at the inlet, outlet, interior or other suitable location of the receiver drier 110. In some implementations, the second sensor 118 is disposed on the low pressure side of the refrigerant circuit, and optionally installed at the accumulator 116 such as at the inlet, outlet, interior or other suitable location of the accumulator 116. Having the first sensor 112 installed at the receiver drier 110 and/or the second sensor 118 at the accumulator 116 provides several advantages, including packaging and installation convenience, original equipment time saving, and easier leakage testing.

(25) In some implementations, during operation of the air-conditioning system, the compressor 102 compresses a refrigerant into a compressed refrigerant. The compressor 102 is optionally any type of compressor including but not limited to a reciprocating compressor or rotary compressor. The condenser 104 condenses the refrigerant that has been compressed by the compressor 102. In some implementations, the receiver drier 110 of the receiver drier unit 108 temporarily stores the refrigerant and/or absorbs moisture, debris or other undesirable substances from the refrigerant that has been condensed by the condenser 104. In some implementations, the first sensor 112 measures temperature and pressure of the refrigerant that has been condensed by the condenser 104. The evaporator 106 vaporizes or evaporates the refrigerant that has been condensed by the condenser 104, providing cooling for desired use. In some implementations, the accumulator 116 restricts liquid refrigerant from entering the compressor 102, for example by temporarily storing excess liquid refrigerant at the accumulator 116, to prevent damage to the compressor 102. In some implementations, the second sensor 118 measures temperature and pressure of the refrigerant that has been vaporized/evaporated by the evaporator 106. It should be noted that depending on the operation and performance of the air-conditioning system, the condensed refrigerant at the receiver drier 110 and the vaporized/evaporated refrigerant at the accumulator 116 is in the form of a liquid, a vapor, or a mixture of liquid and vapor.

(26) The air-conditioning system 100 also includes a power source 138 for powering one or more components of the system, such as condenser 104, evaporator 106, compressor 102, and the like. In some implementations, the power source 138 includes a solar cell, an electrical battery, an alternator, or the like. In some implementations, the power source 138 is belt driven from an internal combustion engine of a vehicle. In some implementations, the air-conditioning system 100 includes a battery management system 123 for managing various components of the system, such as power source 138. In some implementations, the battery management system 123 governs an amount of power drawn by each component of the air-conditioning system 100.

(27) In some implementations, the battery management system 123 includes one or more controllers 124 and one or more current sensors 140. In some implementations, the controller 124 is electrically coupled to one or more components of the air-conditioning system, such as condenser 104 (e.g., via connection 125-2), evaporator 106 (e.g., via connection 125-3), and/or compressor 102 (e.g., via connection 125-1). In some implementations, the controller 124 is electrically coupled to a condenser blower 130 and an evaporator blower 131. In some implementations, the controller 124 is configured to monitor and control the amount of the power drawn by the evaporator 106, the amount of power drawn by the compressor 102, the refrigerant level in the refrigeration system, and/or other operations. For example, in FIG. 1, the controller 124 is electrically coupled via connection 125-4 to the first sensor 112 of the receiver drier unit 108 and coupled via connection 125-5 to the second sensor 118 of the liquid-gas separator device 114. In some implementations, controller 124 includes memory, such as volatile memory or non-volatile memory. In some implementations, controller 124 includes one or more processors. In some implementations, the controller 124, or components thereof, is thermally coupled to the liquid-gas separator device 114, such that heat generated by the controller 124 is transferred to refrigerant in the liquid-gas separator device 114.

(28) In some implementations, the refrigeration system further includes an electronic valve 126 to inject refrigerant from a refrigerant reservoir 128 into the refrigeration system when the refrigerant charge level is below a predetermined refrigerant charge level. In some implementations, control of the electronic valve is controlled by the controller 124. As an example, FIG. 1 illustrates the electronic valve 126 installed at the receiver drier 110. In some implementations, the electronic valve 126 is selectively operated to allow flow of the refrigerant from the refrigerant reservoir 128 to the refrigerant circuit.

(29) In some implementations, the battery management system 123 and/or the controller 124 is configured to calculate a compression ratio of the compressor 102. If the calculated compression ratio exceeds a specific compression ratio for a given condition, the battery management system 123 determines that a blockage has occurred in the refrigerant circuit. In some implementations, the battery management system 123 then examines various factors to determine a location of the blockage. For example, an abnormal sub-cooling level indicates a blockage in the condenser 104 and an abnormal super-cooling indicates a blockage in the evaporator 106.

(30) In some implementations, the battery management system 123 and/or the controller 124 is configured to manage start-up of the air-conditioning system and detect any component failure during the start-up process. In some implementations, the controller 124 operates in conjunction with current sensor 140 to detect component failures. In some implementations, current sensor 140 is utilized to measure and/or monitor the current drawn from the power source 138 (e.g., current drawn by the condenser 104, the evaporator 106, and/or the compressor 102). In some implementations, the battery management system 123 governs operation of the air-conditioning system based on the measurements by the current sensor 140.

(31) In some implementations, the battery management system 123 is communicatively coupled to an electronic device 136 and/or a server system (not shown). In some implementations, the electronic device includes a display, a user interface, a smartphone, and/or a computer. In some implementations, the electronic device 136 is located in proximity with the air-conditioning system. For example, the air-conditioning system is installed in a vehicle and the electronic device 136 is a display on the dashboard of the vehicle. In some implementations, the electronic device 136 is located remotely from the air-conditioning system. For example, the air-conditioning system is installed in a vehicle and the electronic device 136 is a device not connected with the vehicle, such as a smartphone or a computer at a dealer. The battery management system 123 outputs one or more signals to the electronic device 136. In some implementations, the signals optionally include data (e.g., the current drawn by a particular component, the refrigerant charge level, and the like), alerts (e.g., excessive current drawn by a particular component), maintenance request, and the like.

(32) In some implementations, the air-conditioning system includes one or more additional components such as air blowers, metering devices, flow control valves, and the like. In accordance with some implementations, FIG. 1 illustrates the air-conditioning system including a condenser blower 130 electrically coupled to the battery management system 123 and positioned proximate the condenser 104. In some implementations, the condenser blower 130 includes one or more fans. In some implementations, the condenser blower 130 is a component of the condenser 104. In some implementations, the condenser blower 130 is configured to blow ambient air and/or air from an air intake of the engine over the condenser 104. The amount of airflow over the condenser 104 affects the temperature and pressure of the refrigerant at the high pressure side of the refrigerant circuit and hence the efficiency of the air-conditioning system. Accordingly, in some implementations, to enhance the efficiency of the air-conditioning system, the battery management system 123 controls a speed of the condenser blower 130 based at least in part on the temperature measured by the first sensor 112, the pressure measured by the first sensor 112, the temperature measured by the second sensor 118, the pressure measured by the second sensor 118, and/or the current measured by current sensor 140.

(33) In accordance with some implementations, FIG. 1 illustrates the air-conditioning system including an evaporator blower 131 electrically coupled to the battery management system 123 and positioned proximate the evaporator 106. In some implementations, the evaporator blower 131 includes one or more fans. In some implementations, the evaporator blower 131 is a component of the evaporator 106. In some implementations, the evaporator blower 131 is configured to blow air past the evaporator 106, thereby cooling the air.

(34) The air-conditioning system as illustrated in FIG. 1 also includes a metering device 132 disposed upstream of the evaporator 106 and configured for controlling flow of the refrigerant into the evaporator 106. In some implementations, the metering device 132 includes a thermal expansion valve or a capillary tube. In some implementations, the air-conditioning system further includes a flow control valve 134 disposed upstream of the compressor 102 and configured to selectively restrict or permit flow of the refrigerant to the compressor 102.

(35) In some implementations, the battery management system 123, or components thereof, is thermally coupled to the accumulator 116, such that heat generated by the battery management system 123 is transferred to refrigerant in the accumulator 116. For example, in accordance with some implementations, the battery management system 123, or components thereof, are included in the electronics 119. In some implementations, one or more controllers for the air-conditioning system, such as controller 124, are thermally coupled to the accumulator 116, such that heat generated by the controller(s) is transferred to refrigerant in the accumulator 116. For example, in accordance with some implementations, the one or more controllers are included in the electronics 119.

(36) FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an air-conditioning system 200 in a vehicle 202 in accordance with some implementations. The air-conditioning system 200 includes liquid-gas separator device 114, compressor 102, condenser 104 with condenser blower 130, drier unit 108, and a first evaporator (evaporator 106) with evaporator blower 131. The air-conditioning system 200 also includes a second evaporator 216 with evaporator blower 220, metering devices 210 and 218 (e.g., expansion values), and shut-off valves 212 and 214. In some implementations, metering device 210 is configured to control flow rate of the refrigerant into the first evaporator 106 and metering device 218 is configured to control flow rate of the refrigerant into the second evaporator 216.

(37) As shown in FIG. 2, the vehicle 202 has a cab compartment 204 where an operator (e.g., driver) operates the vehicle and a sleeper compartment 206 where the operator can rest. In some implementations, the sleeper compartment 206 is physically partitioned from the cab compartment 204. In some implementations, the first evaporator 106 is in thermal communication with the cab compartment 204, while the second evaporator 216 is in thermal communication with the sleeper compartment 206. In some implementations, the air-conditioning system 200 includes one or more thermal sensors located within the cab compartment 204 to monitor the ambient temperature in the cab compartment; and one or more thermal sensors located in the sleeper compartment 206 to monitor the ambient temperature in the sleeper compartment 206. In some implementations, the air-conditioning system 200 includes a thermostat located within the cab compartment 204 to enable a user to set a desired temperature for the cab compartment 204; and a thermostat located in the sleeper compartment 206 to enable a user to set a desired temperature for the sleeper compartment 206. In some implementations, the condenser 104, the compressor 102, and/or the liquid-gas separator device 114 are located within an engine compartment of the vehicle.

(38) In accordance with a determination that cooling is desired in both the cab compartment 204 and the sleeper compartment 206, the first shut-off valve 212 and the second shut-off valve 214 are opened, either manually or automatically, so that the condensed refrigerant flows through both the first and second evaporators and provides cooling to both the cab and sleeper compartments. In accordance with a determination that cooling is only desired in the sleeper compartment (e.g., when the vehicle is parked and no one is in the cab compartment), the first and second shut-off valves are closed. In some implementations, the first and second shut-off valves 212 and 214 are installed at both the refrigerant inlet and outlet of the first evaporator 106; and closing the first and second shut-off valves prevents the refrigerant from entering the first evaporator 106 from both sides and thus prevents the refrigerant from collecting or accumulating in the first evaporator 106. As a result, the condensed refrigerant flows only through the second evaporator 216 and thus enhances the cooling effect of the second evaporator 216. In some implementations, two or more shut-off valves (not shown) are used to shut-off flow to the second evaporator 216. In some implementations, shut-off valves 212 and 214 are located and configured such that flow is selectively enabled/disabled to both the first evaporator 106 and the second evaporator 216.

(39) FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a representative controller 124 in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the controller 124 includes one or more processing units (e.g., CPUs, ASICs, FPGAs, microprocessors, and the like) 302, one or more communication interfaces 304, memory 308, and one or more communication buses 306 for interconnecting these components (sometimes called a chipset). In some implementations, the controller 124 includes one or more input devices, such as one or more buttons for receiving input. In some implementations, the controller 124 includes one or more output devices, such as one or more indicator lights, a sound card, a speaker, a small display for displaying textual information and error codes, etc. In some implementations, the controller 124 includes a location detection device, such as a GPS (global positioning satellite) or other geo-location receiver, for determining the location of the controller 124. The controller 124 is coupled to the current sensor 140 and the power source 138, as shown in FIG. 1.

(40) Communication interfaces 304 include, for example, hardware capable of data communications using any of a variety of custom or standard wireless protocols (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN, Thread, Z-Wave, Bluetooth Smart, ISA100.11a, WirelessHART, MiWi, etc.) and/or any of a variety of custom or standard wired protocols (e.g., Ethernet, HomePlug, etc.), or any other suitable communication protocol, including communication protocols not yet developed as of the filing date of this document.

(41) Memory 308 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR SRAM, or other random access solid state memory devices; and, optionally, includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, one or more optical disk storage devices, one or more flash memory devices, or one or more other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory 308, or alternatively the non-volatile memory within memory 308, includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some implementations, memory 308, or the non-transitory computer readable storage medium of memory 308, stores the following programs, modules, and data structures, or a subset or superset thereof: Operating logic 310 including procedures for handling various system services and for performing hardware dependent tasks; Communication module 312 for connecting to and communicating with other network devices connected to one or more networks via the one or more communication interfaces 304 (e.g., wired or wirelessly connected); State module 314 for determining an operating state of the system (e.g., of air-conditioning system 100, FIG. 1) and/or for setting/adjusting the operating state of the system; Cooling module 316 for managing cooling operations of the system (e.g., temperature settings, fan speeds, power settings, etc.); Error module 318 for determining whether one or more error conditions are present and/or conveying the one or more error conditions to a user of the system and/or initiating remedial action in response to the one or more error conditions; and Database 320, including but not limited to: Sensor information 322 for storing and managing data received, detected, and/or transmitted by one or more sensors of the system (e.g., current sensor 140, sensor 118, and/or sensor 112 in FIG. 1); Component settings 324 for storing and managing operational settings for one or more components of the system (e.g., condenser 104, compressor 102, and evaporator 106); and Timing information 326 for storing and managing timing information related to operation and/or testing of the system.

(42) Each of the above identified elements (e.g., modules stored in memory 308 of controller 124) corresponds to a set of instructions for performing a function described herein. The above identified modules or programs (i.e., sets of instructions) need not be implemented as separate software programs, procedures, or modules, and thus various subsets of these modules may be combined or otherwise rearranged in various implementations. In some implementations, memory 308, optionally, stores a subset of the modules and data structures identified above. Furthermore, memory 308, optionally, stores additional modules and data structures not described above. For example, memory 308 optionally stores a heating module (not shown) for managing heating operations of the system.

(43) FIGS. 4A-4G illustrate various views of a liquid-gas separator device 114 in accordance with some implementations. FIG. 4A shows the liquid-gas separator device 114 with refrigerant inlet 402, refrigerant outlet 404, casing 407, and cover 405. In some implementations, the casing 407 and/or the cover 405 is comprised of metal, such as aluminum or steel. FIG. 4B shows the liquid-gas separator device 114 without the cover 405 and housing electronics 119 (e.g., compressor controller electronics). In some implementations, the electronics 119 include a plurality of electrical connectors and/or a plurality of transistors, such as field-effect transistors (FETs). In some implementations, the electronics 119 are mounted on an electrical board. In some implementations, the cover 405 is affixed to the liquid-gas separator device 114 after the electronics 119 are housed within. FIG. 4C shows another view of the liquid-gas separator device 114 with electronics 119, refrigerant outlet 404, and refrigerant inlet 402 and without the cover 405. In some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 114 is configured to be mounted vertically without the refrigerant inlet 402 and the refrigerant outlet 404 on the bottom.

(44) FIG. 4D shows the flow of refrigerant through the liquid-gas separator device 114. The refrigerant enters the device via the refrigerant inlet 402. The refrigerant then flows through the cooling cavity 414. In the cooling cavity 414 heat is transferred from the electronics 119 to the refrigerant. In some cases, the transferred heat converts at least a portion of the liquid refrigerant in the cooling cavity 414 into vapor refrigerant. The refrigerant then flows into the cap 415 and into the accumulator cavity 408. The liquid-vapor separator 410 (e.g., an accumulator tube) in the accumulator cavity 408 separates the liquid refrigerant from the vapor refrigerant. The vapor refrigerant then exits the device via the refrigerant outlet 404. FIG. 4E shows another view of the flow of refrigerant through the liquid-gas separator device 114. FIG. 4E also shows the electronics 119 mounted within the device. FIG. 4D also shows the dual seal connections 417 in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the refrigerant inlet 402 and/or the refrigerant outlet 404 include one or more of: a refrigerant tube, one or more washers, and a connection point 419 for connecting a refrigerant hose.

(45) FIG. 4F shows the liquid-gas separator device 114 without the casing 407 and with fasteners 416. In some implementations, the fasteners 416 are configured to affix the electronics 119 (e.g., an electronics board with the electronics 119) to the liquid-gas separator device 114. In some implementations, the fasteners 416 are configured to transfer heat generated by the electronics 119 to refrigerant in the cooling cavity 414. In some implementations, the fasteners 416 comprise screws, bolts, anchors, and the like.

(46) FIG. 4G shows a cross-sectional view of the liquid-gas separator device 114. FIG. 4G shows an electronics board 406 with electronics 119 mounted to the device via fastener 416. FIG. 4G also shows a thermal material 412 applied between the electronics board 406 and the cooling cavity 414 of the liquid-gas separator device 114. FIG. 4G also shows the accumulator cavity 408 with the liquid-vapor separator device 410. In some implementations, the liquid-vapor separator device 410 is configured to substantially separate liquid refrigerant from vapor refrigerant, such that substantially all (e.g., 80%, 90%, or 95%) of the refrigerant exiting the refrigerant outlet 404 is vapor refrigerant. In some implementations, the liquid-vapor separator 410 includes a check valve (e.g., as described below with respect to FIG. 6A). In some implementations, the liquid-vapor separator 410 includes one or more apertures configured to enable liquid to exit through the refrigerant outlet 404.

(47) FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart representation of a method 500 for cooling electronics in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the method 500 is performed by an air-conditioning system 100 or one or more components of the air-conditioning system, such as liquid-gas separator device 114, FIG. 1. In some implementations, method 500 is performed by a device coupled to the air-conditioning system 100. In some implementations, the operations of the method 500 described herein are entirely interchangeable, and respective operations of the method 500 are performed by any of the aforementioned devices, systems, or combination of devices and/or systems. In some implementations, method 500 is governed by instructions that are stored in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium and that are executed by one or more processors of an air-conditioning system, such as controller 124, FIG. 1. For convenience, method 500 is described below as being performed by a device, such as the liquid-gas separator device 114 in FIG. 1.

(48) The device receives (502) refrigerant via a refrigerant inlet (e.g., refrigerant inlet 402, FIG. 4A). In some implementations, the refrigerant is received via a refrigerant hose coupled to the refrigerant inlet. In some implementations, the refrigerant is received from an evaporator coupled to the device, such as the evaporator 106, FIG. 1. In some implementations, the received refrigerant includes a mixture of liquid and vapor refrigerant. In some implementations, the refrigerant comprises ammonia, sulfur dioxide, hydroflourocarbons (e.g., R-134a), hydrofluoroolefins (e.g., or 1234yf), and/or hydrocarbons such as propane.

(49) The device separates (504), within a refrigerant cavity of the liquid-gas separator device, vapor refrigerant from liquid refrigerant. In some implementations, the device utilizes a liquid-vapor separator 410 to separate the vapor refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant. In some implementations, the device utilizes gravity to separate the vapor refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant.

(50) The device operates (506) one or more electronic components (e.g., electronics 119) thermally coupled to the refrigerant cavity. In some implementations, the electronic components comprise controller electronics for a compressor (e.g., compressor 102), an evaporator (e.g., evaporator 106), and/or a condenser (e.g., condenser 104). In some implementations, the electronic components include power generation and/or conversion electronics, such as electronics of battery management system 123. The one or more electronics generate (508) heat during operation.

(51) The device transfers (510) the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant. In some implementations the heat is transferred via one or more fasteners (e.g., fasteners 416) and/or one or more thermal materials (e.g., thermal material 412). In some cases, transferring the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant converts (512) at least a portion of the refrigerant from liquid refrigerant to vapor refrigerant. In some cases, transferring the heat generated by the one or more electronic components to the refrigerant cools (514) the one or more electronic components.

(52) The device releases (516) a substantially vapor refrigerant via a refrigerant outlet (e.g., refrigerant outlet 404). In some implementations, the device release the substantially vapor refrigerant to a compressor (e.g., compressor 102). In some implementations, the device releases a substantially liquid refrigerant via a liquid outlet. In some implementations, the device releases the substantially liquid refrigerant to an evaporator (e.g., evaporator 106) or a refrigerant reservoir (e.g., reservoir 128).

(53) FIGS. 6A-6B illustrate representative liquid-gas separator devices in accordance with some implementations. FIG. 6A shows liquid-gas separator device 600 having a refrigerant inlet 602 and a refrigerant outlet 604 in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 600 operates in a same manner as the liquid-gas separator device 114, described above. In some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 600 comprises the liquid-gas separator device 114. As shown in FIG. 6A, the refrigerant enters through the refrigerant inlet 602 and flows from the cooling cavity 610 around the divider 611 to the accumulator cavity 612. Vapor refrigerant then flows through the accumulator outlet tube 613, or optionally another type of liquid-vapor separator, and exits via the refrigerant outlet 604. The cooling cavity 610 includes heat transfer components 603 configured to transfer heat between the refrigerant in the cooling cavity 610 and electronics (e.g., electronics 119, FIG. 4B). In some implementations, the heat transfer components include one or more thermally conductive (e.g., metal) fins and/or one or more thermally conductive fasteners (e.g., screws). In some implementations, the one or more metal screws are configured to secure the electronics to the liquid-gas separator device 600. The outlet tube 613 is configured to substantially prevent liquid refrigerant from exiting via the refrigerant outlet 604, while enabling gas refrigerant to exit in accordance with some implementations. The outlet tube 633 is configured to substantially prevent liquid refrigerant from exiting via the refrigerant outlet 624, while enabling gas refrigerant to exit in accordance with some implementations.

(54) In some implementations, the device 600 utilizes gravity to separate the vapor refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant. In some implementations, the device 600 is oriented such that the refrigerant inlet 602 and the refrigerant outlet 604 are on a bottom surface of the device 600. Thus, vapor refrigerant is able to flow up and through the outlet tube 613 while liquid refrigerant is kept in the cooling cavity 610 (e.g., until heat from the electronics converts the liquid refrigerant to vapor refrigerant).

(55) In some implementations, the outlet tube 613 includes a check valve (also sometimes called a one-way valve) and one or more oil apertures 608. In some implementations, the check valve comprises a ball check valve configured to prevent reverse flow of refrigerant (e.g., prevent refrigerant from entering the refrigerant outlet 604). In other implementations, the check valve is a poppet check valve, a diaphragm check valve, a lift-check valve, or the like. In some implementations, the check valve is a magnetic check valve. In some implementations, the check valve is configured to prevent reverse flow when the HVAC system switches between compressors (e.g., switches from an engine-driven compressor to an electric-driven compressor). For example, the check valve is configured to prevent reverse flow when the HVAC system switches from a more powerful compressor (e.g., an 8:1 compressor) to a less powerful compressor (e.g., a 3:1 compressor). In some implementations, the outlet tube 613 is manufactured as a single component with an integrated check valve.

(56) In some implementations, a check valve, distinct from the device 600, is coupled to between the refrigerant outlet 604 and a downstream compressor. However, the inclusion of the check valve in the outlet tube 613 decreases the number of individual components in the AC or HVAC system and decreases manufacturing costs, as less individual components need to be manufactured and assembled. The inclusion of the check valve in the outlet tube 613 (e.g., rather than locating it between the liquid-gas separator 600 and the compressor) enables the liquid-gas separator 600 to be located closer to the compressor, reducing the overall size of the AC or HVAC system (e.g., enabling the system to be installed in more compact locations).

(57) In some instances, the air conditioning system in which the device 600 is installed has oil flowing within the system (e.g., to reduce friction in moving parts). In some implementations, the oil aperture 608 is configured to substantially prevent oil build-up within the liquid-gas separator device 600 by enabling the oil to flow out of the device 600 through the refrigerant outlet 604 (e.g., flow to a downstream compressor, such as compressor 102). In some implementations, the oil aperture 608 is configured to enable oil and other liquids to exit via the refrigerant outlet 604. In some implementations, the oil aperture 608 is configured to enable oil and other liquids to exit via the refrigerant outlet 604. In some implementations, the oil aperture 608 is sized such that a majority (e.g., 70%, 85%, 95%, or 99%) of the refrigerant exiting via the refrigerant outlet 604 is in vapor form. Facilitating oil exiting the device 600 helps prevent liquid build-up within the device 600 (which could lead to a hydraulic lock-up) and enables the oil to lubricate other components of the air conditioning system (e.g., system 100).

(58) In accordance with some implementations, the divider 611 includes a cut-out 615 configured to enable some refrigerant (e.g., liquid refrigerant) to transfer between the accumulator cavity 612 and the cooling cavity 610 (e.g., to prevent a hydraulic lock-up). For example, if the refrigerant entering the device 600 is all, or substantially all, in a liquid state, but it is not in a sufficient quantity to pass over the top of the divider 611, there could be a hydraulic lock-up, where no, or an insufficient amount of, refrigerant is passing out of the refrigerant outlet 604. Therefore, the cut-out 615 allows some liquid to pass between the cooling cavity 610 and the accumulator cavity 612 (and potentially out of the refrigerant outlet 604 via the oil aperture 608). In other implementations, (e.g., where the divider is lower/shorter in length) the divider 611 does not include the cut-out 615.

(59) FIG. 6B shows a liquid-gas separator device 620 having a refrigerant inlet 622 and a refrigerant outlet 624, on an opposite side from the refrigerant inlet 622 in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the liquid-gas separator device 620 operates in a same manner as the liquid-gas separator device 114, described above. As shown in FIG. 6B, the refrigerant enters through the refrigerant inlet 622 and flows from the cooling cavity 630 around the divider 631 to the accumulator cavity 632. Vapor refrigerant then flows through the accumulator outlet tube 633, or optionally another type of liquid-vapor separator, and exits via the refrigerant outlet 624. The outlet tube 633 is configured to substantially prevent liquid refrigerant from exiting via the refrigerant outlet 624, while enabling gas refrigerant to exit in accordance with some implementations. In some implementations, the outlet tube 633 includes a check valve (e.g., as described above with respect to FIG. 6A) and one or more oil apertures 628 (shown here as a slit in the bottom of the outlet tube 633). In some implementations, the one or more oil apertures 628 comprise, and/or operate in a substantially similar way to, the oil aperture 608 described above with respect to FIG. 6A.

(60) In some implementations, the device 620 utilizes gravity to separate the vapor refrigerant from the liquid refrigerant. In some implementations, the device 620 is oriented such that the refrigerant inlet 622 is on a top surface of the device 620, and the refrigerant outlet 624 is on a bottom surface of the device 620. Thus, vapor refrigerant is able to flow up and through the outlet tube 633 while liquid refrigerant is kept in the cooling cavity 630 and/or the accumulator cavity 632 (e.g., until heat from the electronics converts the liquid refrigerant to vapor refrigerant).

(61) Although some of various drawings illustrate a number of logical stages in a particular order, stages that are not order dependent may be reordered and other stages may be combined or broken out. While some reordering or other groupings are specifically mentioned, others will be obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art, so the ordering and groupings presented herein are not an exhaustive list of alternatives. Moreover, it should be recognized that the stages could be implemented in hardware, firmware, software or any combination thereof.

(62) It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. are, in some instances, used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first condition could be termed a second condition, and, similarly, a second condition could be termed a first condition, without departing from the scope of the various described implementations. The first condition and the second condition are both conditions, but they are not the same condition.

(63) The terminology used in the description of the various described implementations herein is for the purpose of describing particular implementations only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described implementations and the appended claims, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and/or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “includes,” “including,” “comprises,” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

(64) As used herein, the term “if” is, optionally, construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in response to detecting” or “in accordance with a determination that,” depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined” or “if [a stated condition or event] is detected” is, optionally, construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “upon detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]” or “in accordance with a determination that [a stated condition or event] is detected,” depending on the context.

(65) The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific implementations. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The implementations were chosen in order to best explain the principles underlying the claims and their practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best use the implementations with various modifications as are suited to the particular uses contemplated.