Graffiti removal compositions and the use thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to graffiti removal compositions and the use thereof for the removal of graffiti from surfaces. The compositions comprise (i) alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids; (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids; (iii) one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(0)OR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.2 is a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl; and (iv) a surfactant.

Claims

1. A method for removing graffiti from a surface consisting of: applying a composition to a surface, the composition consisting of (i) alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids, (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids, (iii) one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl; (iv) a surfactant, and optionally (v) ethanol to the graffiti; optionally, agitating the surface to which the composition has been applied; and rinsing the surface to remove the composition and the graffiti.

2. A method for removing graffiti from a graffitied surface consisting of: applying a composition to a graffitied surface, the composition consisting of (i) alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids, (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids, (iii) one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl; (iv) a surfactant, and optionally (v) ethanol to the graffitied surface; applying urea, or a salt thereof, to the graffitied surface; optionally, agitating the graffitied surface to which the composition and the urea, or a salt thereof, has been applied; and rinsing the graffitied surface to remove the composition, the urea or a salt thereof, and the graffiti.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the urea, or salt thereof, is applied as a solution in water.

4. A method for removing graffiti from a surface consisting of: applying a composition to a surface, said composition consisting of (i) alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids, (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids, (iii) one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.2 is C.sub.3-C.sub.15 alkyl and R.sub.3 is methyl; (iv) a surfactant, and (v) a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alcohol to the graffiti; optionally, agitating the surface to which the composition has been applied; optionally, applying urea, or a salt thereof, to the graffitied surface; and rinsing the surface to remove the composition and the graffiti.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the urea, or salt thereof, is applied as a solution in water.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) In one aspect the present invention provides a graffiti removal composition comprising, consisting of, or consisting essentially of:

(2) (i) alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids;

(3) (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids;

(4) (iii) one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3,

(5) wherein R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl; and

(6) (iv) a surfactant.

(7) The compositions find use in the removal of graffiti applied with, for example, paint, permanent markers and inks from various surfaces with little or no adverse effects on the surfaces. The surfaces may be porous or non-porous. Non-limiting examples of surfaces include: aluminium, brick, glass, rendered surfaces, plastics, perspex, reflective signs, timber, metal, colorbond, concrete, sandstone and other masonry surfaces.

(8) The compositions are non-toxic, non-flammable, non-irritant, non-carcinogenic, readily biodegradable and free, or substantially free, of caustic compounds and chlorinated solvents, such as dichloromethane. The composition may also be free, or substantially free, of N-methylpyrrolidone. The composition may also be free, or substantially free, of aromatic solvents, such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like.

(9) The composition comprises alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids. Typically, the composition comprises alkyl esters of a plurality of soybean oil fatty acids. The major fatty acids present in soybean oil (as triglycerides) are linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid and palmitic acid. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the composition comprises alkyl esters of linolenic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid. The amounts of these esters as a weight percentage of the total amount of soybean oil fatty acid esters in the composition may be as follows:

(10) TABLE-US-00001 Ester type Amount Linolenic 5-15% Linoleic 40-60% Oleic 20-40% Stearic 1-8% Palmitic 5-15%

(11) The alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids may be C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl esters or mixtures thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl esters or mixtures thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl esters or mixtures thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl esters or mixtures thereof, or methyl esters.

(12) Soybean oil methyl esters (methyl soyate) are commercially available from Stepan Company, Vertec BioSolvents and Cargill Inc. Those skilled in the art will readily be able to prepare alkyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids by transesterification of soybean oil with an appropriate alcohol, for example methanol.

(13) The alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 40% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 35% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 30% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 25% by weight.

(14) The composition further comprises one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids. The aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids may have the following formula (I):
ROC(O)-T-C(O)OR.sup.1(I)
wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 15 carbon atoms, or is absent.

(15) In one embodiment R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 10 carbon atoms. In an alternative embodiment R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms. In another embodiment R and R.sup.1 are methyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms. In another embodiment R and R.sup.1 are methyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms. In still a further embodiment R and R.sup.1 are isobutyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 5 carbon atoms.

(16) Preferably, the alkanediyl groups are unsubstituted.

(17) Typically, the composition comprises a plurality of aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids. In some embodiments the composition comprises at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, or at least 5 aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids. In other embodiments the composition comprises between 2 and 8, between 2 and 6, or between 2 and 4 aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids.

(18) Useful aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids include but are not limited to diesters of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid and sebacic acid, such as dimethyl-2-methylglutarate, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, diisobutyl succinate, diisobutyl adipate, and diisobutyl glutarate. Mixtures of these aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids may be used. Aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids are commercially available under the trade names Rhodiasolv and FlexiSolv.

(19) In some embodiments the composition comprises a mixture of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate. The amount of each compound in the composition as a weight percentage of the total amount of aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids in the composition may be as follows:

(20) TABLE-US-00002 Compound Amount Dimethyl adipate 9-17% Dimethyl glutarate 59-67% Dimethyl succinate 20-28%

(21) In other embodiments the composition comprises a mixture of diisobutyl adipate, diisobutyl glutarate and diisobutyl succinate. In other embodiments the composition comprises one or more of: dimethyl-2-methylglutarate, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, diisobutyl succinate, diisobutyl adipate and diisobutyl glutarate.

(22) The one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids may be present in the composition in an amount between about 30% and about 90% by weight, or in an amount between about 30% and about 80% by weight, or in an amount between about 40% and about 80% by weight, or in an amount between about 50% and about 80% by weight.

(23) The composition further comprises one or more ester compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3, wherein R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl and R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl. In one embodiment R.sub.2 is C.sub.3-C.sub.15 alkyl. In another embodiment R.sub.2 is C.sub.3-C.sub.12 alkyl. In another embodiment R.sub.2 is C.sub.5-C.sub.12 alkyl. In another embodiment R.sub.2 is C.sub.7-C.sub.12 alkyl. In another embodiment R.sub.2 is C.sub.7-C.sub.9 alkyl. In a further embodiment R.sub.3 is methyl or ethyl. In still a further embodiment R.sub.3 is methyl. In another embodiment R.sub.3 is C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl. In other embodiments R.sub.2 is C.sub.7-C.sub.9 alkyl and R.sub.3 is methyl. Typically, the composition comprises a plurality of compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3. In some embodiments the composition comprises at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, or at least 5 compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3. In other embodiments the composition comprises between 2 and 8, between 2 and 6, or between 2 and 4 compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3. Useful compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3 include, but are not limited to: methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, methyl pentanoate, ethyl pentanoate, propyl pentanoate, methyl hexanoate, propyl hexanoate, methyl heptanoate, ethyl heptanoate, butyl heptanoate, methyl octanoate, ethyl octanoate, methyl nonanoate, ethyl nonanoate, propyl nonanoate, methyl decanoate, ethyl decanoate, propyl undecanoate and methyl dodecanoate.

(24) Mixtures of compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3 may be used. In one embodiment the composition comprises a mixture of methyl octanoate and methyl decanoate. The mixture of methyl octanoate and methyl decanoate may be a 2:1 mixture. Compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3 are commercially available under the trade name Dispersa O-250.

(25) The one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3 may be present in the composition in an amount between about 0.5% and about 20% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 5% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 3% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 2% by weight.

(26) Surfactants suitable for use in the compositions include anionic, cationic, amphoteric and non-ionic surfactants. Surfactants are well known to those skilled in the art. Non-limiting examples of anionic surfactants include sulfate esters, sulfonate esters, phosphate esters and alkyl carboxylates. Non-limiting examples of cationic surfactants include quaternary ammonium compounds, such as cetyl trimethylammonium bromide, cetylpyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride and dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide. Non-limiting examples of amphoteric surfactants include betaines, imino acetates and imino propionates. Non-limiting examples of non-ionic surfactants include fatty alcohols, glucosides, sorbitan alkyl esters, block copolymers of polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, ethoxylated amines and ethoxylated alcohols. In one embodiment, the surfactant is an ethoxylated alcohol such as, for example, a fatty alcohol ethoxylate such as a C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol. C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol surfactants are available from Orica under the trade name ORISURF LA8. Other suitable ethoxylated alcohol surfactants will be well known to those skilled in the art.

(27) The surfactant may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 25% by weight, or in an amount between about 5% and about 20% by weight, or in an amount between about 5% and about 15% by weight.

(28) The composition may further comprise an alkyl lactate. In some embodiments the alkyl lactate is a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate or a mixture thereof, for example a methyl, ethyl, propyl or butyl lactate.

(29) The alkyl lactate may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 40% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 35% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 30% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 25% by weight.

(30) In some embodiments the composition further comprises a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alcohol or a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alcohol or a mixture thereof. Non-limiting examples of such alcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol and the like. The C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alcohol may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 10% by weight, or in an amount between about 1% and about 5% by weight.

(31) The composition may further comprise silica. The presence of silica may provide mechanical assistance in the removal of graffiti from a surface, particularly a porous surface. The silica may be present in an amount between about 0.5% and about 5% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 3% by weight, or in an amount between about 1% and about 2% by weight.

(32) In some embodiments the composition further comprises a thickening agent in an amount effective to modify the viscosity of the composition such that the composition will not flow when applied to a surface. Thickening agents are well known to those skilled in the art. Thickening agents that may be used in the compositions of the invention include, but are not limited to algae extracts, gums, starches, pectins, hydrolysed proteins, cellulose and derivatives thereof, polymers, copolymers, parrafin and clays. Algae extracts that may be used include, but are not limited to alginates and carrageenans. Hydrolysed proteins include, but are not limited to gelatin. Cellulose derivatives that may be used include cellulose ethers such as, for example, methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose. Cellulose ethers are commercially available from Dow Chemical under the trade name METHOCEL.

(33) The amount of thickening agent present in the composition will depend on the particular thickening agent being used. Typically, the thickening agent is present in the composition in an amount between about 0.05% and about 10% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.05% and about 5% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.05% and about 2% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.05% and about 1.5% by weight.

(34) In some embodiments, the composition has a viscosity between about 0.5 cPs and about 3000 cPs.

(35) In one embodiment the composition comprises: a compound of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl, methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(36) In another embodiment the composition comprises: a compound of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl, methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl lactate.

(37) In a further embodiment the composition comprises: a compound of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl, methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids, diisobutyl adipate, diisobutyl glutarate, diisobutyl succinate, an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(38) In still a further embodiment the composition comprises: a compound of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl, methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids, diisobutyl adipate, diisobutyl glutarate, diisobutyl succinate, an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl lactate.

(39) In yet another embodiment the composition comprises: a compound of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl, methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids, dimethyl-2-methylglutarate, an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(40) In still a further embodiment the composition comprises: a compound of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl, methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids, dimethyl-2-methylglutarate, an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant and a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl lactate.

(41) In another embodiment the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of:

(42) (i) C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids;

(43) (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I):
ROC(O)-T-C(O)OR.sup.1(I)
wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms;
(iii) a non-ionic surfactant, such as for example an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant;
(iv) one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.3-C.sub.15alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl; and
(v) a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(44) In another embodiment the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of:

(45) (i) C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids;

(46) (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I):
ROC(O)-T-C(O)OR.sup.1(I)
wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms;
(iii) a non-ionic surfactant, such as for example an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant;
(iv) one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.5-C.sub.11alkylC(O)OMe; and
(v) a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(47) In another embodiment the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of:

(48) (i) C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids;

(49) (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I):
ROC(O)-T-C(O)OR.sup.1(I)
wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms;
(iii) a non-ionic surfactant, such as for example an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant;
(iv) one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OMe; and
(v) a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(50) In yet another embodiment the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of:

(51) (i) methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids;

(52) (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I):
ROC(O)-T-C(O)OR.sup.1(I)
wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms;
(iii) a non-ionic surfactant, such as for example an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant;
(iv) one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OMe; and
(v) a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(53) In the above embodiments the esters of soybean oil fatty acids may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 35% by weight. The one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I) may be present in the composition in an amount between about 30% and about 85% by weight, or in an amount between about 50% and about 80% by weight. The surfactant may be present in the composition in an amount between about 5% and about 20% by weight, or in an amount between about 5% and about 15% by weight. The C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 35% by weight. The one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.3-C.sub.15alkylC(O)OC.sub.1-C.sub.2alkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.11alkylC(O)OMe or C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OMe may be present in the composition in an amount between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 3% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 2% by weight.

(54) In still a further embodiment the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of:

(55) (i) methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids;

(56) (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I):
ROC(O)-T-C(O)OR.sup.1(I)
wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms;
(iii) an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant;
(iv) one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OMe; and
(v) a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate.

(57) In the above embodiment the methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 35% by weight. The one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I) may be present in the composition in an amount between about 30% and about 85% by weight, or in an amount between about 50% and about 80% by weight. The ethoxylated alcohol surfactant may be present in the composition in an amount between about 5% and about 20% by weight, or in an amount between about 5% and about 15% by weight. The C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alkyl lactate may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight, or in an amount between about 2% and about 35% by weight. The one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OMe may be present in the composition in an amount between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 3% by weight. In the above embodiment the composition may further comprise one or more of: a C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alcohol, a cellulose ether and silica. The silica may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 2% by weight. The cellulose ether may be present in the composition in an amount between about 0.05% and about 2% by weight. The C.sub.1-C.sub.6 alcohol may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 5% by weight. In the above embodiment the composition may comprise one or more of: dimethyl-2-methylglutarate, dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate, dimethyl succinate, diisobutyl succinate, diisobutyl adipate and diisobutyl glutarate.

(58) In another embodiment the composition comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of:

(59) (i) methyl esters of soybean oil fatty adds:

(60) (ii) one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I):
ROC(O)-T-C(O)OR.sup.1(I)
wherein R and R.sup.1 are independently C.sub.1-C.sub.4 alkyl and T is a straight-chain or branched-chain alkanediyl group having between 1 and 6 carbon atoms;
(iii) an ethoxylated alcohol surfactant;
(iv) a C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl lactate;
(v) one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OMe;
(vi) ethanol;
(vii) a cellulose ether; and
(viii) silica.

(61) The methyl esters of soybean oil fatty acids may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight. The aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids of the formula (I) may be present in the composition in an amount between about 30% and about 85% by weight. The ethoxylated alcohol surfactant may be present in the composition in an amount between about 5% and about 20% by weight. The C.sub.1-C.sub.3 alkyl lactate may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 45% by weight. The one or more compounds of the formula C.sub.7-C.sub.9alkylC(O)OMe may be present in the composition in an amount between about 0.5% and about 10% by weight, or in an amount between about 0.5% and about 3% by weight. The ethanol may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 5% by weight. The silica may be present in the composition in an amount between about 1% and about 2% by weight and the cellulose ether may be present in the composition in an amount between about 0.05% and about 2% by weight.

(62) The compositions may be prepared by mixing the alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids, the one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids, the one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3, the surfactant, and any other components (such as for example an alkyl lactate and/or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alcohol) until a homogeneous mixture is obtained. If it is desired to prepare a gel, an appropriate thickener may be added to the homogenous mixture. Typically, the thickener is added slowly and mixing of the resultant mixture is performed using a high shear mixer until the required consistency is obtained.

(63) In another aspect the present invention provides a method for removing graffiti from a surface comprising: applying the composition of the first aspect to the graffiti, and rinsing the surface to remove the composition and graffiti.

(64) The compositions may be applied to wet or dry surfaces. Preferably however, the compositions are applied to dry surfaces. The compositions may be applied to the graffiti by methods well known to those skilled in the art, for example by use of a paint sprayer, a brush or a soft broom. The period of time necessary to allow the composition to penetrate the graffiti (dwell time) prior to rinsing will vary depending on the nature of the composition, the type of graffiti and the surface to which the composition is applied. In most situations the dwell time required will be between about 1 minute and about 10 minutes. The dwell time is likely to be longer when the surface is a porous surface. In some embodiments the method further comprises agitating the surface to which the composition has been applied so as to facilitate penetration of the composition into the graffiti. Where agitation is employed the dwell time is likely to be reduced. Agitation may be performed using, for example, a nylon brush. Agitation may be useful where the surface is a porous surface. Compositions comprising silica have been found to be unexpectedly efficacious when used together with agitation on porous surfaces. Rinsing the surface to remove the composition and graffiti may be performed by water rinsing using, for example, a pressure washer or low pressure garden water spray pump or hose. Alternatively, rinsing may be performed with a wet rag.

(65) In another aspect the present invention provides a method for removing graffiti from a graffitied surface comprising:

(66) (i) applying the composition of the first aspect to the graffitied surface;

(67) (ii) applying urea, or a salt thereof, to the graffitied surface;

(68) (iii) rinsing the graffitied surface to remove the composition of the first aspect, and/or the urea or a salt thereof, and the graffiti;

(69) The method may further comprise agitating the graffitied surface to which the composition of the first aspect, and/or the urea, or a salt thereof, has been applied.

(70) The use of urea, or a salt thereof, has been found to be highly effective in removing graffiti residue that may, on rare occasions, remain after use of the composition of the first aspect.

(71) Examples of suitable urea salts include acid addition salts, for example urea hydrochloride, urea hydrobromide, urea hydroiodide and the like. Other acid addition salts of urea will be well known to those skilled in the art. The urea, or salt thereof, may be applied in water, for example as a solution. The concentration of the urea, or salt thereof in the solution may be between about 30% and 80% by weight, or between about 40% and 80% by weight, or between about 40% and 60% by weight. The solution may further comprise about 5% to 30% by weight chloride, or about 10% to 15% by weight chloride.

(72) Steps (i) and (ii) may be performed as described above, for example by use of a paint sprayer, a brush or a soft broom. Typically, step (i) is performed before step (ii), however in some embodiments step (ii) may be performed before step (i). Agitation may also be performed as described above, for example by use of a nylon brush. Agitation may be useful where the surface is a porous surface. In some embodiments agitation of the surface may be performed after application of the composition of the first aspect and also after application of the urea, or a salt thereof. The dwell time following steps (i) and (ii) may be between about 1 minute and about 5 minutes, or about 3 minutes. Step (iii) may be performed as described above, for example by water rinsing using a pressure washer or low pressure garden water spray pump or hose. Alternatively, rinsing may be performed with a wet rag. Rinsing may be performed once during the method or more than once, for example twice or three times. Preferably, rinsing is performed once or twice.

(73) In an embodiment of the third aspect the invention provides a method for removing graffiti from a graffitied surface comprising:

(74) (i) applying the composition of the first aspect to the graffitied surface,

(75) (ii) agitating the graffitied surface to which the composition has been applied,

(76) (iii) applying urea, or a salt thereof, to the graffitied surface to which the composition has been applied,

(77) (iv) agitating the graffitied surface to which the urea, or salt thereof, has been applied, and

(78) (v) rinsing the graffitied surface to remove the composition, the urea or salt thereof, and the graffiti.

(79) In another embodiment of the third aspect the invention provides a method for removing graffiti from a graffitied surface comprising:

(80) (i) applying the composition of the first aspect to the graffitied surface, (ii) rinsing the graffitied surface to remove the composition and graffiti, (iii) applying urea, or a salt thereof, to the graffitied surface to which the composition was applied,

(81) (iv) agitating the graffitied surface to which the urea, or salt thereof, has been applied,

(82) (v) rinsing the graffitied surface to remove the urea, or salt thereof.

Examples

(83) The invention will now be described in more detail, by way of illustration only, with respect to the following examples. The examples are intended to serve to illustrate this invention and should not be construed as limiting the generality of the disclosure of the description throughout this specification.

(84) Compositions of the invention may be prepared according to the following standard procedure:

(85) 1. Ensure mixing vessel is clean and dry and free from water and other solvents.

(86) 2. Add formulation quantity of one or more aliphatic diesters of dicarboxylic acids.

(87) 3. Add formulation quantity of alkyl esters of one or more soybean oil fatty acids.

(88) 4. Add formulation quantity of one or more compounds of the formula R.sub.2C(O)OR.sub.3.

(89) 5. Add formulation quantities of alkyl lactate and/or a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alcohol if desired.

(90) 6. Add formulation quantity of surfactant.

(91) 7. Mix until a homogeneous mixture is obtained.

(92) 8. If a gel consistency is required, add formulation quantity of a thickener in small amounts at a time while blending using a high shear mixture until the required consistency is obtained.

(93) 9. If desired, add formulation quantity of silica, for example silica #100G.

(94) The following compositions may be prepared in accordance with the invention. All percentages are w/w.

(95) TABLE-US-00003 Composition 1 Blend of methyl octanoate and methyl decanoate 3% Blend of methyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 22% Blend of dimethyl adipate and dimethyl succinate 65% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 10%

(96) TABLE-US-00004 Composition 2 Blend of ethyl octanoate and methyl nonanoate 2% Blend of ethyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 28% Blend of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl 60% succinate C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 10%

(97) TABLE-US-00005 Composition 3 Blend of propyl nonanoate and ethyl decanoate 2% Blend of ethyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 7.7% Blend of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl 74.5% succinate C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 9.7% Ethanol 3.1% Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 1.5% Silica 1.5%

(98) TABLE-US-00006 Composition 4 Blend of methyl octanoate and methyl decanoate 1.5% Blend of ethyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 8.5% Blend of dimethyl adipate, dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl 76.3% succinate C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 9.9% Ethanol 3.3% Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.5%

(99) TABLE-US-00007 Composition 5 Blend of methyl octanoate and methyl decanoate 1.5% Blend of methyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 23.5% Blend of dimethyl adipate and dimethyl succinate 65% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 10%

(100) TABLE-US-00008 Composition 6 Blend of methyl octanoate and ethyl decanoate 1.5% Blend of ethyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 18.5% Blend of dimethyl glutarate and dimethyl succinate 66.5% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 9.5% Methanol 3.5% Methylcellulose 0.5%

(101) TABLE-US-00009 Composition 7 Blend of ethyl nonanoate and methyl decanoate 2% Blend of methyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 15% Blend of dimethyl adipate and dimethyl succinate 70% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 7.5% Methanol 3% methylcellulose 1% Silica 1.5%

(102) TABLE-US-00010 Composition 8 Blend of methyl octanoate and methyl decanoate 1.5% Blend of ethyl lactate and methyl ester soybean oil 23.5% Dimethyl adipate 65% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 10%

(103) TABLE-US-00011 Composition 9 Dispersa O-250 2% STEPOSOL SC 28% Rhodiasolv RPDE 60% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 10%

(104) TABLE-US-00012 Composition 10 Dispersa O-250 1.5% STEPOSOL SC 8.5% Rhodiasolv RPDE 76.3% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 9.9% Ethanol 3.3% Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.5%

(105) TABLE-US-00013 Composition 11 Dispersa O-250 2% STEPOSOL SC 7.7% Rhodiasolv RPDE 74.5% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 9.7% Ethanol 3.1% Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 1.5% Silica 1.5%

(106) TABLE-US-00014 Composition 12 Dispersa O-250 3% STEPOSOL ME 31% Rhodiasolv IRIS 56% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 10%

(107) TABLE-US-00015 Composition 13 Dispersa O-250 2% STEPOSOL SB-D 10% Rhodiasolv DIB 74.3% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 10% Ethanol 3.2% Hydroxyethylcellulose 0.5%

(108) TABLE-US-00016 Composition 14 Dispersa O-250 2% STEPOSOL SB-W 14.3% Flexisolv DBE-2 70% C.sub.12-C.sub.14 ethoxylated alcohol 9.9% Ethanol 3.3% Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose 0.5%
Use of Compositions to Remove Graffiti from a Surface

(109) A porous substrate of brick and concrete panels was tagged with coloured spray paints and allowed to dry for 2 weeks. The affected surface area was treated with composition 7. Following application the surface was agitated and after a dwell time of 3 minutes rinsed with water using a pressure washer. The results indicate that all paint was removed and no residue remained.

(110) A porous substrate of brick and concrete panels was tagged with coloured spray paints and allowed to dry for 2 weeks. The affected surface area was treated with composition 7. Following application the surface was agitated and then a blend of water and urea hydrochloride was applied. Agitation was then performed again. After a dwell time of 1 to 3 minutes the surface was rinsed with water using a pressure washer.

(111) A porous substrate of brick and concrete panels was tagged with coloured spray paints and allowed to dry for 2 weeks. The affected surface area was treated with composition 7. After a dwell time of 1 to 3 minutes the surface was rinsed using a wet rag. A blend of water and urea hydrochloride was then applied. Agitation of the surface was performed followed by rinsing with a high pressure washer.

(112) The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived from it), or to any matter which is known, is not, and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or admission or any form of suggestion that that prior publication (or information derived from it) or known matter forms part of the common general knowledge in the field of endeavor to which this specification relates.

(113) It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that numerous variations and/or modifications may be made to the invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive.