Abstract
A sensor is provided, the sensor comprising a first layer (10) of padding material having an inner face and a second layer (12) of padding material having an inner face. The inner faces of the two layers face one another. The inner face of the first layer (10) is provided with a first printed conductive ink track (13) and the inner face of the second layer (12) is provided with a second printed conductive ink track (15). At least one of the printed tracks (13, 15) passes across the pad in a number of runs at a plurality of spaced locations. The first track (13) on the first layer (10) intersects at a plurality of locations with the second track (15) on the second layer (12). At least one of the layers (10, 12) is provided on its inner surface with a plurality of raised portions (12) arranged over the face of the layer (10, 12) between adjacent runs of the conductive track (13, 15) and facing the inner face of the other layer (12, 10) to maintain the two tracks (13, 15) apart when the sensor pad is unstressed, but which are compressible to deform to allow localised contact between the first and second tracks (13, 15) when pressure is applied to the pad.
Claims
1. A sensor comprising a first layer of padding material having an inner face and a second layer of padding material having an inner face, the inner faces of the two layers facing one another; the inner face of the first layer being provided with a first printed conductive ink track; the inner face of the second layer being provided with a second printed conductive ink track; wherein at least one of the printed tracks passes across the pad in a number of runs at a plurality of spaced locations, the first track on the first layer intersecting at a plurality of locations with the second track on the second layer; at least one of the layers being provided on its inner surface with a plurality of raised portions arranged over the face of the layer between adjacent runs of the conductive track and facing the inner face of the other layer to maintain the two tracks apart when the sensor pad is unstressed, but which are compressible to deform to allow localised contact between the first and second tracks when pressure is applied to the pad.
2. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the printed conductive ink tracks comprises a plurality of discreet tracks.
3. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the printed conductive ink tracks has a single sinuous path.
4. A sensor according to claim 1, further comprising an impact absorbing layer provided on one side of the sensor.
5. A sensor according to claim 4, further comprising an impact dissipating layer within the impact absorbing layer.
6. A wearable garment comprising at least one sensor pad according to claim 1.
Description
[0012] Examples of a sensor pad in accordance with the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0013] FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-section of a prior art sensor pad;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing the sensor pad disassembled;
[0015] FIG. 3 is a plan view of a layer of a pad according to a first example of the present invention;
[0016] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view through a pad of a first example;
[0017] FIG. 5 is a plan view of a layer of a second example;
[0018] FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of the other layer not shown in FIG. 5;
[0019] FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view with detail removed showing FIGS. 5 and 6 superimposed into a finished sensor;
[0020] FIG. 8 is a view similar to FIG. 7 showing a third example of a sensor;
[0021] FIG. 9A is a front view of a garment according to a second aspect of the present invention;
[0022] FIG. 9B is a back view of the garment of FIG. 9A;
[0023] FIG. 9C is a perspective view of the garment of FIGS. 9A and 9B;
[0024] FIG. 9D is a top view of the garment of FIGS. 9A to 9C; and
[0025] FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-section through various layers of a pad incorporating the sensor of the first aspect of the invention.
[0026] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the sensor pad comprises a first layer 10 of a padding material and a second layer 11 of a padding material. The padding material may for example be a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) or silicone rubber. The first padding layer 10 is provided with a row of protrusions 12 each being elongate in direction across the pad. The protrusions 12 are arranged in an orthogonal direction along the pad. The important consideration for these protrusions is that they are dispersed across the face of the pad. Thus, they could run across the page in FIG. 3 rather than down the page. Alternatively, each of the elongate protrusions shown here is split up into a number of smaller sections. The protrusions are all shown on a single layer, but could be split across both layers 10, 11.
[0027] Between the protrusions 12 is a single printed sinuous conductive track 13 which is connected to the ground which is again required to be spread across the face of the pad. As shown in this example, the track 13 winds around the protrusions 12. As illustrated here, there are two runs of the track between adjacent protrusions 12. However, there could be additional protrusions 12 in the regions 14 between adjacent runs of the track 13.
[0028] The second layer 11 is printed with another conductive ink track 15. This should run in a direction generally transverse to the direction of the second conductive ink track 13 to create as many crossing points as possible. The second conductive ink track 15 in FIG. 4 preferably takes the form of a number of discreet tracks with a voltage connected across each one as shown in greater detail in the later examples.
[0029] As will be apparent from FIG. 4, the protrusions 12 hold the printed conductive tracks 13, 15 away from one another in an unloaded configuration. When the pad experiences an impact, this causes compression of the protrusions 12 thereby bringing the conductive tracks 13, 15 into contact with one another.
[0030] A second example is shown in FIGS. 5 to 7. In this case, the first conductive ink track is a single grounded sinuous track 21 provided on the pad without the protrusions. The second conductive ink track 22 is formed as a number of discreet paths with a voltage connected across each which extend along between adjacent protrusions 23. The overlap between the two layers is illustrated in FIG. 7 from which the plurality of crossover points are apparent.
[0031] With reference to FIG. 7, if an impact is received over the region R, the bottom two tracks 22 will be forced into contact with the grounded track 21 such that the sensor will register an impact on the bottom two tracks. As configured here, the sensor is unable to determine where along the tracks 22 the impact was received, only that these are the two tracks which received the impact. If greater precision is required, each of the tracks 22 can be split into a number of short discreet sections each of which can separately register an impact. A relatively slight impact will provide a smaller contact area between the tracks 21, 22. On the other hand, a harder impact will provide a larger contact area. This affects the voltage connected across each of the tracks 22 such that the sensor is able to determine the magnitude of the impact force.
[0032] A further example is shown in FIG. 8. This shows that one of the conductive tracks 30 may now have a ring-like configuration. In this case, there are four discreet and generally concentric loops 31 each terminating at their own connectors forming one of the conductive tracks. A single central sensor 33 is also provided within the innermost loop 31. The second conductive track 32 is a single grounded sinuous track similar to that shown in FIG. 5. The protrusions are not shown in FIG. 8, but these are preferably elongate elements between adjacent runs of the sinuous track 32. They could equally be configured to fit between the loops 31, but this requires more complex construction.
[0033] As with the previous example, each of the conductive tracks 30 is able to independently sense that it has received an impact and to sense the magnitude of that impact. Therefore, again, the layout of the sensor should be configured according to the likely expected impact.
[0034] The garment to which the previously described sensor can be applied will now be described with reference to FIGS. 9A to D and FIG. 10.
[0035] FIGS. 9A to D show a padded top which is a type of padded underlayer intended for use by a rugby player. As described elsewhere in this application, the invention is applicable to wearable garments in general where impact protection is required. Whilst the top illustrated in FIGS. 9A to D is being used as an illustration, it will be readily understood that, for other such garments, the impact absorbing pads are placed in the areas most likely to receive an impact.
[0036] As shown in FIGS. 9A to C, the garment 101 comprises five impact absorbing pads 102 comprising a pair of shoulder pads, a pair of upper arm pads and a chest pad. Towards the upper part of the back of the garment 101 is a control module 103. This is surrounded by a soft layer 104 to provide comfort for the person wearing the garment as well as anyone impacting on them. The control module 103 is connected via an electrically conductive line 105 to each of the pads 102. The line 105 may simply be a wire which is retained between layers of the garment so that it does not impede the wearer.
[0037] The number and positioning of pads is provided as one example only. There may be fewer pads, for example just the shoulder pads, or additional pads, such as pads which protect the ribs.
[0038] FIG. 10 shows the structure of the pad 102 in greater detail. The pad is sandwiched between an outer fabric layer 110 and an inner fabric layer 111. The pad consists of an impact absorbing layer 112. This may be made of a material such as foamed elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers, foamed thermoplastic elastomers or any suitable compliant material. This layer 112 will generally be less than 100 mm thick, more preferably less than 50 mm thick and most preferably less than 20 mm thick. Within the impact absorbing material 112 is an impact dissipating layer 113. This is an optional layer. This may be embedded in the impact absorbing material at the point of manufacture. Alternatively, the impact absorbing material 112 may be formed of two parts which are sandwiched around the impact dissipating layer 113. The impact dissipating layer 113 may be high impact engineering polymers (such as polycarbonate or nylon), glass or carbon fibre composites, bi-axial oriented films or any other material which provides high flexural strength, high puncture resistance and flexibility.
[0039] Between the impact absorbing material 112 and the inner fabric layer 111 is the sensor of FIGS. 3 to 8.
