DEVICE FOR LIFTING AND RECOVERING SEABED RESOURCE
20180298754 ยท 2018-10-18
Inventors
Cpc classification
B01J8/067
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
E21C50/00
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
G01S15/74
PHYSICS
Y02E60/36
GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
G01S15/876
PHYSICS
E02F5/006
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
B63B2003/147
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63C11/52
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B35/003
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
G01S3/782
PHYSICS
B63B22/24
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B2035/4473
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63H11/02
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B27/30
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B01J2208/065
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B2035/4486
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
International classification
E21C50/00
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
B63H11/02
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
E02F7/00
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
B63B22/24
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63C11/52
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
B63B35/00
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
E02F5/00
FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
B01J8/06
PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
G01S15/74
PHYSICS
Abstract
The present invention relates to a system for collecting, lifting, and recovering seabed mineral resources, specifically, a device wherein hydrogen gas is evolved on the seabed, resources are lifted by the buoyancy of the gas to the sea surface, and the hydrogen gas which has become an excess buoyancy source during the lifting and recovering is absorbed into an organic substance including toluene, thereby yielding hydrogenated compounds including cyclomethylhexane to recover the energy required for hydrogen gas production.
Claims
1. A seafloor miner that collects and lifts seafloor resources using hydrogen gas as the source of buoyancy generated by decomposing water at the seafloor. the seafloor miner comprises equipment including; a Seafloor Station including hydrogen gas generator(s) of which electric power is sent from the sea surface, single or plural seafloor bulldozer(s), single or plural Deepsea Crane(s) which lifts seafloor resources using hydrogen gas as the source of buoyancy, a surface mothership, control equipment for each said equipment; wherein the seafloor bulldozer collects seafloor resources and accumulates them in the Seafloor Station, then the buoyancy of fluid including hydrogen gas loaded in the Deepsea Crane, supplied from the hydrogen gas generators on the Seafloor Station makes the Deepsea crane float from the seafloor to the sea surface. wherein in the process of floating from the seafloor to sea surface by the buoyancy of liquid including the hydrogen gas, the seafloor miner characterized by transferring seafloor resources loaded from the Deepsea Crane to the surface mothership, wherein in the process of floating from the seafloor to the sea surface by the buoyancy of fluid including hydrogen gas the Deepsea Crane is controlled to be equal to the specific gravity of the ambient seawater, and the internal pressure of the Deepsea Crane is controlled to be same as that of the ambient seawater, by the so designed equipment including the one which absorbs the hydrogen gas and changes to MCH (Methylcyclohexane) by an organic hydride reaction compensating the increase of buoyancy due to the growth of hydrogen gas volume caused by the decrease of ambient water pressure as lifts up, wherein in the process of descending from the sea surface, the constituent portion of the Deepsea Crane is all of the solid and liquid, and the internal pressure of the Deepsea Crane can be equal to the ambient seawater pressure and the internal pressure of the Deepsea Crane is controlled to be same as the ambient seawater pressure.
2. (canceled)
3. (canceled)
4. The seafloor miner of claim 1 Wherein the structure of the deepsea Crane comprises two portions, the lower one (hereafter called Deepsea Crane cargo-unit or Cargo-Unit) and its upper-middle one (hereafter called Deepsea Crane Engine or Crane Engine), and these two ones can separate and reconnect, Wherein the Cargo-Unit connected to the Crane Engine descends from the sea surface without the cargo filled with the seawater, Wherein the Cargo-Unit connected to the Crane Engine floats from the seafloor to the sea surface with cargo and filling seawater, Wherein one set of accepting ports (hereafter called Cargo-Unit ports) are provided on the Seafloor Station, the one is with the Cargo-Unit to which seafloor bulldozer which loads seafloor resources (hereafter called working port), and the other one is without the Cargo-Unit (hereafter called vacant ports), Wherein the Deepsea Crane with empty Cargo-Unit descends to the Seafloor Station, dock to the vacant port, and separates the empty Cargo-Unit attaching to the vacant port, Wherein after the separation of the empty Cargo-Unit, the Crane Engine moves over the Seafloor Station to the working port and dock to the Cargo-Unit loaded with seafloor resources; then the Deepsea Crane is formed. Wherein then hydrogen gas is loaded into the Deepsea Crane so that the specific gravity of the Deepsea Crane is equal to the ambient seawater.
5. The seafloor miner of claim 4 wherein the Cargo-Unit connected with the Crane Engine attaches to the Cargo-Unit port, then at the same time the connection between the Cargo-Unit and the Crane Engine is disconnected, wherein the docking function implements the latter priority alternative function.
6. The seafloor miner of claim 1, wherein the Deepsea Crane comprises a shape of an axisymmetric rotating body including two half spheres, one is at the top the other is at the bottom, and a cylinder, and a partition wall perpendicular to it and its shaft. Wherein the Deepsea Crane is configured with sturdy, a lightweight structural material including carbon fiber resin, Wherein the specific gravity of the Deepsea Crane is equal to the specific gravity of ambient seawater by filling with only liquid in the Deepsea Crane in the case of descending from the sea surface.
7. The seafloor miner of claim 1 wherein the Deepsea Crane includes; a holding compartment capable of filling hydrogen gas, toluene, MCH, sea water, and pure water, a piping mechanism, including pumps and valves, which connects among the holding compartments and the hydrogen gas absorbing apparatus, propulsion devices, control devices, and the Cargo-Unit. Wherein the holding compartments are partitioned into a buoyancy tank located in the upper portion of the Crane Engine, and a liquid tank located in its lower part surrounded by the outer wall and partitioned by movable flexible separators, Wherein the distribution of volume for each partition can change according to the amount of liquid injected to each partition. Thus it is possible to control the buoyancy of the Crane Engine distributing liquids with different specific gravity to each compartment, including injection or discharge of fluid to/from outside. Thus the specific gravity of the entire Deepsea Crane is equal to a specified value.
8. The seafloor miner of claim 7 wherein the hydrogen gas absorbing equipment is an organic hydrides reactor, housed in the same compartment as the buoyancy tank. The organic hydrides reactor includes a multi-tube fixed bed type catalyst reactor, a gas-liquid separator, a cooler, and a heat exchange heater. Wherein the reaction heat is removed by the cooler inhaling sea water from the suction port and discharging to the outlet port on the outer wall. Wherein toluene which is supplied from the toluene compartment of the liquid tank absorbs hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank and generates MCH which is injected into the MCH compartment of the liquid tank.
9. The seafloor miner of claim 7 wherein underwater thrusters are allocated on the upper and lower sides of the outer wall surface in an axis-symmetrical way and parallel to the long axis on a plane which is orthogonal to the long axis; and in an axis-symmetrical way and perpendicular to the long axis on a plane which is orthogonal to the long axis; wherein underwater thrusters are flow velocity jet thrusters with variable speed electric motor-driven propellers having reverse rotation capability. Thus, the Deepsea Crane provided with underwater thrusters is characterized by position control, speed control and attitude control capability.
10. The seafloor miner of claim 1, Wherein, the buoyancy control function, is to lift the Deepsea Crane in the sea corresponding to decrease in the molar number of hydrogen gas using the organic hydride reaction, Wherein the underwater thrusters control the depth and depth change rate of the Deepsea Crane so that the specific gravity of the Deepsea Crane is equal to the ambient seawater and so that the internal pressure of the Deepsea Crane is equivalent to the ambient seawater.
11. The seafloor miner of claim 10 wherein wherein control of the depth and depth change rate of the Deepsea Crane is performed by measuring the pressure difference between the internal pressure of the buoyancy tank and the surrounding sea pressure and its changing rate.
12. The seafloor miner of claim 10, wherein when the buoyancy control function of the control device is not able to solve the excessive buoyancy, a hydrogen gas relief valve is operated to eliminate excessive buoyancy to normalize the buoyancy.
13. The seafloor miner of claim 10, wherein the buoyancy control is not determined by the depth of the sea, but by the difference between the internal pressure and the ambient seawater pressure and is controlled within the range not to give fracture stress to the Deepsea Crane.
14. The seafloor miner according to claim 1, wherein the control function includes a buoyancy control function to control lifting and descending of the Deepsea Crane, a guidance control function to control the travel path between an arrival point on the seafloor and the sea surface command ship for the Deepsea Crane, and an attitude control function to keep the long axis of the Deepsea Crane.
15. The seafloor miner of claim 14 wherein the guidance control function is to guide and to control the moving path between a settled point on the seafloor and a position of the surface mothership. Wherein when the Deepsea Crane descends from the surface mothership, The positional relationship between the Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station, which is the descending target, switches the inertial navigation, the acoustic one, and the optical one, Wherein when the Deepsea Crane rises from the Seafloor Station. The positional relationship between the Deepsea Crane and the surface mothership, which is the rising target, switches the inertial navigation, the acoustic one, and the optical one, Wherein in the range where the acoustic signal does not reach or its path straightness is not enough to measure the target direction or the target range, the depth data and the inertial navigation data are in use, Wherein in the range where acoustic measurement is enough to measure the target direction or the target range the depth data and the acoustic navigation data are in use, Wherein in the range where the target point is near and the light reaches the optical navigation is in use. Wherein when the Deepsea Crane descends from the surface mothership, there is a characteristic that the positional relationship between the Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station, which is the descending target, switches the inertial navigation, the acoustic navigation, and the optical navigation. Wherein in the range where the acoustic signal does not reach or its path straightness is not enough to measure the target direction, depth data and the inertial navigation data are in use, Wherein in the range where acoustic measurement is enough to measure the target direction the depth data and the acoustic navigation data are in use, Wherein in the range where the target point is near and the light reaches the optical navigation is in use.
16. The seafloor miner of claim 15, wherein acoustic transponders are installed in the Seafloor Station and the surface mothership, and acoustic echo is generated in response to the received signal from the acoustic oscillator attached in the Deepsea Crane. Wherein at the time of lifting the distance between the Deepsea Crane and the surface mothership is measurable by the round time of the acoustic signal, and the direction of the surface mothership is detectable from the phase difference between the acoustic detectors installed at the top of the Deepsea Crane. Wherein at the time of descending of the Deepsea Crane, the distance between the Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station is measurable by the round time of an acoustic signal, and the direction of the Seafloor Station is detectable from the phase difference between the acoustic detectors installed at the bottom of the Deepsea Crane.
17. The seafloor miner of claim 15 wherein the optical navigation equipment is so configured that horizontally separated plural light emitters are installed on both of the Seafloor Station and the bottom of the surface mothership, and the positional relation between the Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station or the positional relation between the Deepsea Crane and the bottom of the surface mothership is calculated based on the images taken by the image sensors on the Deepsea Crane based on imaged shape and size of light emitters and based on the different emission periods of each light emitters.
18. The seafloor miner of claim 15 wherein the navigation control device is thus configured that Wherein at the time of descending of the Deepsea Crane, the Deepsea Crane is docked to the Seafloor Station using controlling the relative positional relation and the approaching speed to the Seafloor Station, Wherein at the time of lifting of the Deepsea Crane, the Deepsea Crane docks to the surface mother ship using controlling the relative positional relation and the approaching speed to the surface mothership.
19. The seafloor miner of claim 1, wherein the Deepsea Crane is configured with the buoyancy control equipment which can control lifting and descend corresponding to any cargo weight within an upper limit and a lower limit and corresponding to any depth.
20. The seafloor miner of claim 1 further comprises equipment including plural Deepsea Crane units, the hydrogen gas generator, the Cargo-Unit port, a seafloor bulldozer transportation port, and underwater thrusters, which are fixed and integrated into a platform structure of the Seafloor Station, and a remotely controlled seafloor bulldozer.
21. The seafloor miner of claim 20, wherein each of the Crane Engine of the Seafloor Station has the same configuration and function as the Crane Engine of the Deepsea Crane, except for the underwater thrusters,
22. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, wherein the hydrogen gas generator comprises a solid polymer electrolyte membrane type water electrolysis system, which connects a laminated structure in series to allow for high voltage transmission, and is connected in parallel to secure volume of hydrogen gas generation.
23. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, can lift up from a seafloor settling point and move to another location and then can settle down to the new position, using controlling the buoyancy of hydrogen gas stored in each of the Crane Engine in the Seafloor Station, and the Seafloor Station can lift up to the sea surface without settling down to the seafloor by means of controlling the buoyancy of hydrogen gas stored in each of the Crane Engines in the Seafloor Station,
24. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, wherein the buoyancy of each of the Crane Engine is controlled so that the Seafloor Station is horizontal using controlling the amount of hydrogen gas in each of the buoyancy tanks of the Crane Engine, And wherein the hydrogen gas pressure in each of the buoyancy tank in the Crane Engine of the Seafloor Station is controlled to be equal to the ambient seawater pressure using controlling the depth and depth change rate by controlling the underwater thrusters
25. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, wherein in operation to descend to the Seafloor Station from the sea surface, the buoyancy tanks of the Crane Engines fill wholly or partially with hydrogen gas, and the Seafloor Station is controlled so that the specific gravity of the Seafloor Station comes to be equal to the ambient seawater pressure and the Seafloor Station is controlled so that the hydrogen gas pressure in the buoyancy tank is equivalent to that of the ambient seawater.
26. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, wherein in operation to descend to the seafloor from the sea surface, It is controlled that the amount of hydrogen gas injected into each buoyancy tanks of the Crane Engines in the Seafloor Station so that the Seafloor Station is horizontal. Furthermore, it is controlled that the depth and its changing rate of the Seafloor Station by the underwater thrusters so that the hydrogen gas pressure in the buoyancy tanks of the Seafloor Station is kept same as that of the ambient sea pressure.
27. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, wherein the seafloor bulldozer collects seafloor resources powered by electricity and is controlled remotely from the surface mothership via the Seafloor Station, and the seafloor bulldozer gathers the mineral resources on the seafloor, then puts them to the Cargo-Unit fixed to the Cargo-Unit port.
28. The seafloor miner of claim 20, wherein the seafloor bulldozer is transportable loaded on the seafloor bulldozer transportation port on the Seafloor Station.
29. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, wherein the control device of the Seafloor Station performs guidance and control of transportation between the surface mothership and target settle point on the seafloor using cooperatively controlling the buoyancy of each of the Crane Engine and underwater thrusters on the Seafloor Station, using the same method as the Deepsea Crane of claim 15, depending on the positional relation between the Seafloor Station and the target settle point. Wherein it is characterized that the guidance and control is switched over between the inertial navigation, and the acoustic one, and the depth data and the acoustic measurement data in the range where it is performed, Wherein it is used depth data and inertial navigation data within the area where the acoustic signal does not reach, or its path straightness is not enough to measure the target direction due to ocean temperature distribution by depth, Wherein it is used depth data and acoustic measurement data within the range where acoustic measurement is enough to measure the target direction depth data, and acoustic measurement data are in use.
30. The seafloor miner according to claim 20, wherein the guidance control function of the Seafloor Station can settle down the Seafloor Station to a position where an acoustic marker is disposed on the seafloor beforehand by other means.
31. The seafloor miner according to claim 1, wherein the surface mother ship supplies power to and through optical fiber communicates with the Deepsea Crane, the Seafloor Station, and the seafloor bulldozer via the Seafloor Station. and comprises mothership Deepsea Crane port, power supply equipment, integrated monitoring and controlling apparatus, toluene tank, MCH liquid tank, pure water tank, a seafloor resources unloader from the Deepsea Crane(s), a toluene loader for said Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station, an MCH unloader for said Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station, the pure water loader for the Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station.
32. The seafloor miner of claim 31 wherein the integrated monitoring and controlling equipment commands and controls the surface mothership to supply electricity to the Seafloor Station, the Deepsea Crane(s) and the seafloor bulldozer, to unload MCH from the MCH tanks in the Deepsea Crane(s) and the Seafloor Station, to load pure water into the pure water tanks in the Deepsea Crane(s) and the Seafloor Station, commands and controls the Seafloor Station to settle down to a specified point on the seafloor, to move from a specified location to another one on the seabed, to float to the surface command ship, commands and controls the Deepsea Crane(s) to descend from the surface mothership and to dock to the Seafloor Station, to float from the Seafloor Station and to dock to the surface mothership, to unload the collected seafloor resources from Deepsea Crane(s) to the surface mothership, to dock to the Cargo-Unit port and then to lift up commands and controls the seafloor bulldozer via the Seafloor Station to depart from the seafloor bulldozer transportation port, to collect mineral resources on the seafloor, and to load them to the Cargo-Unit, to ride on the seafloor bulldozer transportation port to prepare for the move of the Seafloor Station
33. The seafloor miner of claim 31, wherein the power supply device includes a generator, an offshore solar cell, and a secondary battery and a power supply.
34. The seafloor miner of claim 33 wherein the offshore solar cell comprises a plurality of solar cell units having a strip structure attached to a flexible floating body. Each solar cell unit has a segment-wise uniform structure across the entire strip region by a distributed inverter device and an AC bus for transmission and is a solar cell unit capable of maintaining and replacing each of the segments. Wherein a solar cell is characterized in that an autonomous self-propelled deployment/withdrawal device equipped at the end of the strip structure can deploy and withdraw the strip downstream along a tidal current.
35. The seafloor miner of claim 33 wherein the solar cell comprising a plurality of solar cell units, which can be deployed and withdrawn in a cylindrical shape, in the ocean, and in a fan direction downstream of the tidal current by a traction line.
36. The seafloor miner of claim 4, wherein the single Seafloor Station allocates plural Deepsea Cranes, Wherein each of the Deepsea Crane sequentially executes the following four steps; as the first step, descending preparation, including unloading of lifted ore and MCH into the surface mothership, and loading of toluene and pure water to the Deepsea Crane, as the second step, descending from the sea surface to the Seafloor Station, as the third step, the Deepsea Crane docks to the empty Cargo-Unit port of the Seafloor Station, then Cargo-Unit is separated from the Deepsea Crane and is connected to using docking to the Cargo-Unit port of the Seafloor Station, and subsequently, the Crane Engine is separated from the Cargo-Unit port leaving the empty Cargo-Unit to the Cargo-Unit port, and then the Crane Engine lifts up and moves horizontally, and re-descends to another Cargo-Unit port where the Cargo-Unit loads seafloor resources, and subsequently, the floating preparation including the buoyancy grant by hydrogen gas filling from the Seafloor Station and the unloading of the pure water from the Deepsea Crane to the Seafloor Station, as the fourth step, floating from the seafloor to the sea surface, For the above four steps, plural Deepsea Cranes are allocated to one Seafloor Station so that each of the four ones operates without overlapping And furthermore, the seafloor resource collection and loading to the Seafloor Station by the seafloor bulldozer can be carried out with no conflict with each of the four steps. Through the operation, the Cargo-Unit port with the empty Cargo-Unit and the Cargo-Unit port with the Cargo-Unit with seafloor ore change roles alternately.
37. The seafloor miner according to claim 1, wherein, the mole amount of toluene and hydrogen gas held in the Deepsea Crane at the seafloor is adjustable by the settlement depth of the Seafloor Station, to the specific gravity of the Deepsea Crane is equivalent to the surrounding water at the starting time of lift up, and to during the lifting up of the Deepsea Crane there exists enough toluene volume to keep the pressure equivalent to the ambient water using absorbing hydrogen gas.
38. The seafloor miner according to claim 1, wherein the amount of toluene and the mol amount of hydrogen gas stored in the Deepsea Crane is adjustable to be same as the specific gravity of the ambient seawater at the time of lift up from the seabed, and wherein the amount of hydrogen gas is adjustable to be sufficient to discharge it to the sea to maintain the pressure equivalent to the ambient water.
39. The seafloor miner according to claim 37, wherein weight meters are installed in the Cargo-Unit port, and the amount of toluene and hydrogen gas in the Deepsea Crane is adjustable by measuring the amount of toluene and hydrogen gas filled at the seafloor at the time of lifting.
40. The seafloor miner according to according to claim 20, wherein the operation comprises: as the first step, descending of the Seafloor Station from the surface mothership and settlement at the seafloor, then the development of the seafloor bulldozer there, as the second step, filling of toluene and pure water from the surface mothership to the Deepsea Crane; as the third step, descending of the Deepsea Crane to the Seafloor Station which deploys on the seafloor; as the fourth step, preparation of lifting up for the Deepsea Crane comprises; unloading of pure water and a part of toluene from the Deepsea Crane to the Seafloor Station, and the production of hydrogen gas at the Seafloor Station, the loading of hydrogen gas and collected ore to the Deepsea Crane, and as necessary, the loading of the MCH; as the fifth step, lifting up of the Deepsea Crane toward the surface mothership from the Seafloor Station deployed on the seafloor, as the sixth step, unloading of the collected ore and MCH which absorbed hydrogen gas from the Deepsea Crane to the surface mother ship; as the seventh step, installing the seafloor bulldozer onto the Seafloor Station and the floating toward the surface mother ship; Wherein In the above operation, one or more of the Deepsea Cranes are repeatedly operated from the second step to the sixth step continuously without interruption to continuously.
41. The seafloor miner of claim 40, wherein in between the second step and the seventh step, the following three steps are prepared to move the Seafloor Station position; as the A1 step, restoring the seafloor bulldozer on the Seafloor Station at the seafloor, and increasing buoyancy using generating hydrogen gas to equalize the specific gravity of the Seafloor Station with the surrounding seawater, as the A2 step, lifting up of the Seafloor Station from the seafloor and subsequently changing its position, as the A3 stage, settling down the Seafloor Station on the sea bottom and fixing its position increasing its specific gravity more than that of the ambient seawater using adsorbing hydrogen gas into toluene generating MCH.
Description
BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS
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DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0179] III System Configuration
[0180] After this, a description to implement the present invention will be given in detail referring the drawings. The present invention should not limit to the following description, and it is possible to perform various modifications in a range not departing from the gist.
[0181] 1. Design Philosophy
[0182] Both the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018, which are the present invention, control buoyancy by hydrogen gas as the base technology.
[0183] The technology to control buoyancy by manipulating hydrogen gas and toluene, MCH, pure water, and seawater is common to the both. The Deepsea crane 001 is the combination of the Crane Engine 005 and the Cargo-unit 007. And the Seafloor Station is the combination of the four sets of the Crane Engines (in the case of the embodiment), the Seafloor Station platform 027, and the Hydrogen gas generator 024. Thus it can be possible to reduce the design and manufacturing cost by standardizing the Crane Engine 005.
[0184] In realizing the method to employ the homogenized hardware as much as possible, and to achieve functions by software.
[0185] As already discussed in the Feasibility studies, the present invention has become feasible for the first time by applying new technologies developed in fields other than submarine resource development. Individually, these are;
[0186] Large diameter carbon resin structure commercialized in the aircraft field;
[0187] Organic hydride technology used in the hydrogen fuel cycle;
[0188] Electrolysis equipment which has come to be compact and light weighted for fuel cell automobile (fuel cell and water electrolysis using the same technology);
[0189] The flexible organic photovoltaic cell in the solar cell;
[0190] Distributed micro-inverter, a docking control in the space engineering;
[0191] Robust precision control technique for the static process system.
[0192] 2. Deepsea Crane
[0193]
[0194] In the Deepsea Crane 001 in
[0195] In
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[0197] The rotational speed of the drive motor controls the strength and direction of the water flow for horizontal and vertical movement and attitude control. In
[0198] The Power signal cable 020 penetrates into the Machine segment 006 in a sectional view of the Deepsea Crane in
[0199]
[0200] The Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018 of the present invention control the distribution of hydrogen gas, toluene, MCH (methylcyclohexane), pure water and seawater in the Crane Engine 005 to float up and to descend.
[0201] As the value of the specific gravity is in the order of hydrogen gas<MCH<toluene<pure water the liquid compartment and gas-liquid compartment of
[0202] The Partition film 030 in liquid tank 004 is essential to prevent mixing of toluene and MCH, pure water and seawater, and it is desirable to avoid direct contact with hydrogen gas and toluene.
[0203] The Partition film 030 may not be essential between other liquids or gases, but it is preferable to introduce the Partition film not to mix when the residual amount is low. The Partition film is preferably insoluble in toluene. For example, a fluorine-resin film that constitutes a partition in the upper or lower portion of the liquid tank 030 in the two-compartment configuration of
[0204] And a closed space is formed so as not to adhere half of it along the wall, and each closed area has at least one inlet/outlet 029.
[0205]
[0206] The buoyancy tank 003 is provided with a hydride reactor 009 in the central portion without the Partition film 030. It operates with hydrogen gas and one type of liquid, and do not require the Partition film 030.
[0207] The description how to use the buoyancy tank 003 and the liquid tank 004 is as follows.
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[0211] The Deepsea Crane 001, which transferred the collected ore 010 and the MCH to the Surface mother ship 016, is descended to the seafloor in
[0212] The hydride reactor 009 is a well-known technique, as OTHER PUBLICATIONS 6 shows the example of its configuration and
[0213] The Machine segment 006 of the Deepsea Crane 001 contains; valves and pumps and connection pipes, power supply and devices to control the movement of liquid and gas; in the buoyancy tank 003, the liquid tank 004, the hydride reactor 005;
[0214] to/from the Seafloor Station 018 or the Surface mother ship 016 outside the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0215] 3. Seafloor Station
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[0217] The Crane Engine 005 installed in the Seafloor Station 018 excludes the Cargo-unit 007 from the Deepsea Crane 001. The reason the Seafloor Station 018 uses the same structure of the Cargo-unit 007 is first to accumulate hydrogen gas generated by the hydrogen gas generator 024 in the buoyancy tank 003 and to supply the hydrogen gas to the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0218] Second, the liquid tank 004 accumulates and supplies toluene to lift up the Deepsea Crane 001. Third, The Crane Engine 005 can lift up the Cargo-unit 007 with the collected ore 010. Therefore within the range of this buoyancy, it is possible for the Seafloor Station to float the hydrogen gas generator 024, the Cargo-unit port 023, the ramp 025, the settlement legs 026, and the seafloor bulldozer loaded on the Seafloor Station.
[0219] Also, it is possible for the Seafloor Station to change the position on the seafloor and further up to the sea surface for maintenance.
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[0221] In
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[0223] The Seafloor Station 018 has a moving function at the seafloor. It increases the hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank 003 of the Crane Engine 005 in the Seafloor Station 018 to obtain the buoyancy and move it getting the horizontal propulsion force by the thruster (large) 200 of
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[0225]
[0226]
[0227] The Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018, which lift up to the sea surface from the seafloor, and descend to, and the Seafloor Station 018 moves horizontally along the seafloor, keeping its specific gravity of 1.0. Since the moving speed is not more than 1 m per second, the small vertical movement in the range where the fluctuation of the horizontal move, attitude control, and hydraulic pressure are ignorable. As the control object, it is close to the static process system represented by the transfer function 1/s. The Thruster (large) 200 and the Thruster (medium) 201 shown in
[0228] 4. Surface Ship
[0229] It is necessary to set up a base by surface ships at a sea area that is the core point to collect mineral resources on the sea floor. The function of the Surface mothership 016, which is a base, is below.
[0230] (1) From the mother port,
[0231] The surface ship carries equipment including a power generation facility including a plurality of the Deepsea Crane 001, the Seafloor Station 018, a Seafloor bulldozer 019, and a self-propelled solar cell expansion equipment 404 to the collection point. And it deploys and restores them between the sea surface and the seafloor.
[0232] (2) An unmanned underwater robot searches for a suitable place to install the Seafloor Station 018 and sets an acoustic marker to guide it.
[0233] (3) Since the measured value of ocean currents in the Pacific Ocean in the sea area where the seafloor resources exist is equal to or less than 5 knots, the self-position is kept accurately against the current up to knots.
[0234] (4) According to the resource condition of the seafloor, it changes the position of the equipment, for a long distance move it once restores the submarine equipment and deploys them at a new area, for short range move the submarine equipment is moved horizontally along the seafloor.
[0235] (5) Restores equipment in the undersea and sea surface and maintains them.
[0236] (6) Supply power to the underwater and sea surface.
[0237] (7) The Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018 fills with toluene and pure water to descend toward the seafloor and collects the mineral resources there and recovers MCH which absorbed hydrogen.
[0238] (8) Since the Deepsea Crane 001 frequently carries and reciprocates minerals between the sea bottom and the water vessels, the unloading of the cargo shall be operable without the influence of the sea conditions.
[0239] (9) The Surface mothership receives toluene and pure water from the carrier ship and the Surface mother ship temporarily stores on it MCH and mineral resources collected from the Deepsea Crane 001 and then transfer to the carrier ship.
[0240] (10) The system is equipped to control the operation of all equipment related to the collection of mineral resources, including carrier ships carrying collected minerals.
[0241] 4.1 Surface Mothership
[0242]
[0243] When the Seafloor Station 018 operates by a time difference using four Deepsea Cranes 001, the daily yield is about 1000 tons, toluene requirement is 800 cubic meters, MCH yield is 1000 cubic meters, and water requirement is 400 tons. Because of the need for economies of scale, the ship will ship every 10th, and it will be a 15000-20000 ton class transport ship. The Seafloor Station 018 is 30 m in length, 20 m in width, 25 m in height and about 300 tons dry weight. Since the sea area in which the Surface mothership deploys has a current of 0.0 to 1.5 Knott, it is preferable to promote by electricity to maintain the position. The electric power required for the electrolysis of hydrogen gas generated in the ocean is assumed to be an onboard generator or an offshore solar cell, but it can work as a power source for electricity promotion. The solar cells in the offshore area VIII power generator are made up of a micro-inverter with a 10 m width, 4 km length of a ribbon-like flexible film solar cell, and mounted on the Surface mother ship 016 in a roll shape 4 m in diameter and 100 10 m in length. Since MCH and toluene are transportable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure as in petroleum, a conventional cargo ship is available, if it is transportable by hoses and transport by belt conveyors for mineral resources. For this purpose, there are a liquid transport hose and crane 208, an expansion belt conveyor and crane 209 at the Surface mother ship 016. The toluene tank 203 and the pure water tank 205 are for temporary storage for the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018, and the MCH tank 204 is temporary storage to transfer the MCH collected from the Deepsea Crane 001 to the carrier. The ore hold 206 is temporary storage of the ore 010 from the Deepsea Crane 001 to the carrier.
[0244] 4.2 Carrier
[0245] MCH and toluene are transportable at room temperature and atmospheric pressure as well as oil so that a conventional cargo ship is available transporting by hoses and by a belt conveyor for mineral resources. For this purpose, there are a liquid transport hose and crane 208, an expansion belt conveyor and crane 209 provided at the command ship 016.
[0246] IV Principle of Lifting
[0247] 1. Principle
[0248] 1.1 Hydride Reaction
[0249] It is necessary to give the Deepsea Crane 001 buoyancy to overcome the weight of the collected ore 010 to lift it from the seafloor. Therefore, the buoyancy tank 003 fills with hydrogen gas in the high-pressure environment there. This buoyancy can leave the seabed, but as the hydrogen gas expands as lifts up, the buoyancy tank 003 breaks if it is sealed. If the expansion is allowed, the buoyancy goes up further and, it will accelerate. The excess hydrogen gas should be released into the sea to prevent this, but the cost required for electrolysis of water will be in vain. The organic hydride method can absorb hydrogen gas for recovery to avoid this, and the number of gaseous moles of hydrogen gas decreases with decreasing depth (rising). This process is a divergence system for control. The stabilization by the controller is indispensable, and furthermore, a safety device is essential to prevent the case when unintended insufficient buoyancy or excessive buoyancy occurs, and the control is not in time. As a control system, the stability increases if the rise speed is slow.
[0250] The control characteristics when the organic hydride reaction is available for buoyancy control is as follows.
[0251] Various variables are defined below, where the suffixes; T, M, H, W show materials; toluene, MCH, hydrogen, and water. (x) shows value at the depth x m from the sea surface.
TABLE-US-00004 Name of Variables Symbol Unit Water weight of the Deepsea Crane W.sub.S [kg] Water weight of the Collected ore W.sub.L [kg] Weight of Toluene W.sub.T [kg] Weight of MCH (liquid) W.sub.M [kg] Volume of H2 V.sub.H [L] Volume of Toluene (liquid) V.sub.T [L] Volume of MCH (liquid) V.sub.M [L] Volume of pure/sea water V.sub.W [L] Sea depth X [m] Sea pressure P(x) [atm] Density of Toluene .sub.T [g/cm.sup.3] Density of MCH .sub.M [g/cm.sup.3] Standard gas molar volume m = 22.4 [L]
[0252] The following constants are used;
TABLE-US-00005 Molecular Molecular Density Liquid volume (1 mol) Material formula weight [g/cm.sup.3] [cm.sup.3] Water H.sub.2O .sub.W 18 .sub.W 1.0 V.sub.W = .sub.W/.sub.W 18 Toluene C.sub.7H.sub.8 .sub.T 92 .sub.T 0.867 V.sub.T = .sub.T/.sub.T 127.44 MCH C.sub.7H.sub.14 .sub.M 98 .sub.M 0.769 V.sub.M = .sub.M/.sub.M 106.01 Hydrogen H.sub.2 .sub.H 2 .sub.H
[0253] The buoyancy by MCH is;
W.sub.M(z)V.sub.M(z)10.sup.3=M(1/.sub.M1)(M.sub.Hm.sub.H(z))/310.sup.3 [kg]
[0254] The buoyancy by toluene is;
W.sub.T(z)V.sub.T(z)10.sup.3=.sub.T(1/.sub.T1)(M.sub.T(M.sub.Hm.sub.H(z))/3)10.sup.3 [kg]
[0255] Where at the time of departure from the seafloor all hydrogen is in a gas state, its amount is MH. As the Deepsea Crane floats up the hydrogen gas is absorbed to toluene, suppose the gas state hydrogen is m(x) Mol. The toluene absorbs MHmH(x) mol of hydrogen gas and it generates (MHmH(x))/3 mol of MCH. Therefore the water weight F(z) of the Deepsea Crane 001 is;
[0256] Separating the terms depending the depth z and independent from the depth z;
[0257] One to three lines of the above formula show constant, and the fourth line means that the buoyancy increases in inverse proportion to the depth when the depth becomes shallow, and the fifth row shows the change in buoyancy in the liquid phase due to the difference in specific gravity of the toluene and MCH.
[0258] The depth z where the mole number of the hydrogen gas MH balances the buoyancy is;
[0259] F(z)=0 should be met, therefore;
z=m.sub.H(z)10m/(Bm.sub.H(z)((.sub.T(1/.sub.T1).sub.M(1/.sub.M1)))
[0260] Where B is the constant given by;
[0261] m.sub.H(z) is the reduced mole number of the hydrogen gas by the hydride reaction, and when the Deepsea Crane 001 is at depth z its internal and external pressure is equal, and its buoyancy is 0.
[0262] 1.2 Response to Water Pressure Changes
[0263] The ambient pressure decreases as the Deepsea Crane 001 rises from the seafloor. By synchronizing the decreasing the hydrogen gas pressure with the lowering of the ambient water pressure using hydride reaction, it is possible for the Deepsea Crane 001 to float to sea level without pressure stress.
[0264]
[0265] the toluene absorbs the hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank 003 to decrease its pressure, and
[0266] the Deepsea Crane 001 floats up keeping the specific gravity to 1.0 and keeping its internal and ambient pressure equal.
[0267] When the operating temperature of the reactor is about 200 C., the toluene absorbs almost 100% of the hydrogen gas. [0268] If the volume of the hydrogen gas is constant, according to the Boyle Shaar law, as the internal pressure of the buoyancy tank PH is proportional to the hydrogen gas molar number (mols), the number of hydrogen gas moles (mols) which decreases linearly, as shown in
[0269] 1. When the hydrogen gas volume of the buoyancy tank is kept constant by closing V2, V8, and V7,
[0270] (1) In equilibrium, when F is slightly +, the water pressure (P.sub.W) increases. Since the buoyancy does not change, descending continues, the difference between the pressure (P.sub.W) of the buoyancy tank and the sea pressure (P.sub.H) increases, and the buoyancy tank breaks.
[0271] (2) In equilibrium, the F is slight and the sea pressure (PW) decreases. Since the buoyancy does not change, the floating continues, and the difference between the pressure (PW) and the sea pressure (PH) of the buoyancy tank increases and the buoyancy tank breaks.
[0272] 2. When V2, V8, and V7 are closed, the hydrogen gas pressure (PH) of the buoyancy tank is maintained equal to the sea pressure (PW).
[0273] (1) In equilibrium, when F is slightly +, the water pressure (PW) increases, and therefore the F is increased and, the buoyancy tank does not break, but accelerates descending.
[0274] (2) In equilibrium, when F is slight , the water pressure (PW) decreases, resulting in a decrease in F, the buoyancy tank does not break but accelerates floating.
[0275] Since 1.(1) (2) and 2.(1) (2) are unstable systems around equilibrium points, a control system should stabilize the system and should prevent the loss of equipment in emergency situations.
[0276] 1.3 Structure and Dynamics of the Lifting Control System
[0277] In the case of constructing a control system, it is essential to measure the state variables required for control with necessary accuracy. Since the equilibrium point is unstable as a control system, it is crucial to measure the state variables needed for maneuvering and their time changes. The capacity of the hydride reactor limits the lifting speed. In the design available at present as a hydride reactor, the average movement is 5.5 cm/sec, when it is collected from the seafloor of 5000 m to the sea surface in the design example. It would be 11 cm/sec even if the reaction capacity doubled. As a significant measurement, including time change, to detect a rate change of 1%, a precision requirement of 0.055 cm is required for the depth of 5000 m, and 1/10000000 accuracy is needed. Since the water pressure has a linear relationship with the depth, there is the same accuracy request for the pressure. This accuracy requirement is not feasible, and it is impossible to construct the control system using the absolute value of depth or water pressure. (if forcibly used, the control system diverges due to noise.)
[0278] Therefore, a PD which is the pressure difference between the buoyancy tank (PH) and the seawater (PW) turns to be a practical and significant measurement.
P.sub.D=P.sub.HP.sub.W
dP.sub.D/dt=d(P.sub.HP.sub.W)/dt
[0279] In the case of PD, 1 (atm) of full scale is sufficient, so it is feasible to get 1/10000 of accuracy.
[0280] Here, the PDLIM is the failure limit pressure of the buoyancy tank.
P.sub.D<P.sub.DLIM
P.sub.D>P.sub.DLIM
[0281] The above are destruction regions as shown in
[0282] In
[0283] In
[0284] In
[0285] In
[0286] Since the pressure of the buoyancy tank decreases with the MCH buildup, it automatically rises to the sea surface while it controls the pressure difference PD to 0 between the internal buoyancy tank and the surrounding seawater. Control is performed to reduce the internal pressure difference PD of the buoyancy tank by controlling the floating/descending speed by the Thruster device.
[0287] The characteristics of the control system are as follows.
[0288] (1) The rising speed is from 5.5 to 10 cm/sec and a minute speed from the performance constraint of hydride reactor.
[0289] (2) The Deepsea Crane 001 is very slow speed and has a small resistance and large mass. Since the specific gravity is 1.0, it can be a static process as a control system. Therefore, a permanent movement is an approximation of acceleration in the rising/descending direction by the Thruster device. (precisely speaking a long time constant dynamics)
[0290] The thruster accelerates in rising/descending direction to cancel the pressure drop of the buoyancy tank by caused by hydride reaction, then the depth of water pressure come to be equal to that of the buoyancy tank, and realizes the depth change rate. However, in the lifting process of the Deepsea Crane 001, toluene absorbs hydrogen gas and changes to MCH. The specific gravity of the entire Deepsea Crane 001 does not change, but the MCH increases because its specific gravity is lower than that of toluene. To reduce the hydrogen gas volume in the buoyancy tank 003 and to reduce the hydrogen gas volume of the buoyancy tank, water is injected into the buoyancy tank by the pump and valve control to reduce the amount of the hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank 003.
[0291]
P.sub.D(t)=P.sub.H(t)P.sub.W(t)
dP.sub.D(t)/dt=d(P.sub.H(t)P.sub.W(t))/dt
[0292] Although the two variables are continuous system notation for time, the control algorithm constitutes a discrete value control system as a sampled value.
[0293] In
[0294] These exchange heat with the mixed gas of the high-temperature MCH and hydrogen discharged from the multi-tube fixed bed catalyst reactor 036, and they are fed into the multi-tube fixed bed catalyst reactor 036 via the piping 4 043,
[0295] and hydrogen gas is adsorbed to toluene by hydrogen gas organic hydride reaction. The organic hydride reaction of hydrogen gas is an equilibrium reaction, which is known to change to MCH under 400 C. and above ten atmospheric pressure, and the process of lifting from the deep seafloor is a preferable environment.
[0296] In each reaction tube of the multi-tube fixed bed type catalyst reactor 036 fills with Pt/Al2O3 (3 mm Pellet). And the toluene and hydrogen gas fed from piping 4 043 change to the mixture of MCH and the hydrogen gas are exhausted from the piping 5 044 and led to the heat exchanger 037. They exchange heat with the mixture gas of the toluene and the hydrogen gas which flow to the multi-tube fixed bed catalyst reactor 036. The mixture of MCH and toluene flows to cooler 038, and being sprayed and cooled by cooling tube 039, then collects at the bottom of the cooler 038 as the drain, then through pipe 7 047 to the MCH compartment of liquid tank 004
[0297] The reaction of the multi-tube fixed bed type catalyst reactor 036 is continuously performed, and as shown in
[0298] Such control is well known for attitude control in space. With the motion dynamics 261, the depth of the Deepsea Crane 001 changes, then the ambient water pressure PW is determined by the hydraulic dynamics 263. Each thruster control logic 253 controls the Thruster to eliminate the difference between the buoyancy tank pressure PH corresponding to the number of moles reduced by the hydride reactor 260. The Thruster controller 257 uses a well-known PID control system as shown in
[0299] However, since the sealed weight of the Deepsea Crane 001 does not change, the specific gravity does not change, and if the Deepsea Crane 001 controls to eliminate the pressure difference between PH of the buoyancy tank and PW of the sea, it reaches the sea surface.
[0300] The control master 254 of
[0301]
[0302] The function of the control master 254 corresponds to
[0303] The processing block 503 is controlled corresponding to the region (3) (4) in
[0304]
[0305] V Deepsea Crane
[0306] 1 Control System
[0307] (a) Objectives and Functions
[0308] The object to control is the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018, but the Seafloor Station 018 can be considered as a composite system of the Deepsea Cranes 001.
[0309] As the control system, it is necessary for the Seafloor Station 018 to control its position close to the Surface mothership 016 when lifting up to the sea surface, and to realize the descending speed not to damage the equipment when settling down to the seafloor.
[0310] However as it does not require the accuracy as the Deepsea Crane 001, the Deepsea Crane 001 is described in detail,
[0311] The chapter of VI submarine support equipment describes the Seafloor Station as an extension of the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0312] The Deepsea Crane 001 has three modes as the control for reciprocating between the Surface mothership 016 and the Seafloor Station 018.
[0313] (a) Position/Velocity Control
[0314] a.1 Depth Control
[0315] To satisfy the pressure requirements associated with hydride reaction at the time of lifting, as described in IV Principle of lifting, it is the highest priority to control the speed and depth along the Z axis (vertical).
[0316] At the time of descent, the hydride reaction stops, and there is no speed requirement for the Z axis (vertical).
[0317] If the Deepsea Crane 001 does not include gas at the departure from the sea surface, and if its specific gravity is 1.0, and the thruster 055 gives initial descending speed, it approaches to the seafloor at a constant velocity where the thrusting force balances to the seawater resistance.
[0318] Having approached the seafloor, the Deepsea Crane 001 docks to the Seafloor Station 018 by rendezvous control.
[0319] a.2 Movement Control
[0320] Since the settling position of the Seafloor Station 018 is not precisely under the Surface mother ship 016, it is necessary to change the horizontal position of the Deepsea Crane 018 when floating and descending. Therefore in addition to the depth control along the Z-axis, the horizontal (XY axis) velocity control is carried out based on the command of the navigation system.
[0321] As long as the Deepsea Crane 001 reaches the position of the Surface mothership at the sea surface, there is no restriction in the midcourse (terminal position control). There is no constraint on the velocity control of the XY axis except against the current.
[0322] (b) Attitude Control
[0323] Since the hydride reactor 009 is installed in the center portion of the Deepsea Crane 001 and filled with fluid different in specific gravity in the axial direction, the stable operation of the hydride reaction cannot work, if the Z-axis direction deviates from the vertical direction for more than a particular angle. Therefore, the attitude control is carried out not to generate the deviation between the Z axis and perpendicular direction more than a specific value (for example, 5).
[0324] Since the hydride reaction does not work when descending, the constraint on posture is small. The rotation around the Z axis is limited to once not to generate cable intertwining.
[0325] (c) Rendezvous Control
[0326] At the time of settling to the seafloor, it is necessary to dock at a designated location of the Seafloor Station 018. Therefore it is required to perform the precision control of the zero terminal positional error and zero terminal attitude error at the accuracy of less than 1 cm in position, and less than a few cm/s in speed.
[0327] The rendezvous control is carried out in descending to the seafloor with the vacant cargo, and as the hydride reaction does not work, there is no restriction on the vertical velocity and depth.
[0328] At the time of floating, it is necessary to dock at the designated location (Moon pool 307 of the Surface mother ship 016). Therefore it is performed the precision control of the zero terminal positional error and zero terminal attitude error.
[0329] At the time of arrival to the sea surface, there is no control constraint on the velocity and depth in the vertical direction because the internal pressure and ambient sea pressure of the Deepsea Crane 001 are close to atmospheric pressure and the hydride reaction is not carried out.
[0330] In the rendezvous control, constraints on the vertical velocity and depth can be removed, and it is possible to carry out precision control for the position and velocity.
[0331] (2) Dynamics and Propulsion Equipment
[0332] Due to the hydrogenation rate of toluene, the lift up speed to the sea surface does not exceed 10 cm/sec, and the horizontal velocity is about 100 cm/sec to be able to counter the current of up to 2 knots.
[0333] As the propulsion mechanism, the underwater thruster 055 of the Deepsea Crane as shown in the
[0334] To reduce the fluid resistance, weight reduction, ensuring maintenance, and ease of production, the Deepsea Crane 001 is rotationally symmetric on the Z-axis and is vertically symmetric. Therefore, the center of the fluid resistance is the midpoint C in the axial direction in
[0335]
[0336]
[0337] The control of the Deepsea Crane 001 performs position, velocity, and attitude control by shared underwater thrusters 055.
[0338] The reference coordinate system uses the reference coordinate Zr axis 068 as a vertical line, and the reference coordinate Xr axis 066 is used as the north-south direction and the reference coordinate Yr axis 067 is used to control the position velocity.
[0339]
[0341] The control system configures according to the following procedure.
[0342] a. Separating the Position Velocity Control System and the Attitude Control System
[0343] a. Separating the position velocity control system and the attitude control system
[0344] The movement of the centroid on the reference coordinate system shows the position and velocity, and the position velocity control system controls the position velocity of the center of gravity G053 and does not involve the change in the attitude.
[0345] The attitude control system controls the pitch angle 073, the yaw angle 074, and the roll angle 075 concerning the attitude coordinates 070 to 072 in
[0346] The separation of the position-velocity control system from the attitude control system is to realize different control goals for various operation phases of the Deepsea Crane 001 using individually changing the control parameters for each of the position velocity control system and the attitude control system.
[0347] b. Since the high precision control is essential for the attitude control during rendezvous control, it uses the quaternion which does not generate singularity, and it is applied the back-stepping method as a robust control for high control stability. (OTHER PUBLICATIONS 7)
[0348] c. The position-velocity and the attitude control systems share the underwater thruster 055 of which commands are from both systems.
[0349] The target value of the position-velocity control is given by the pressure control system for floating and by the navigation control system for target point arrival.
[0350] The target value of the attitude control is to keep the central axis Z 048 to vertical to stabilize hydride reaction, and during the docking control, it is to match the attitude to the docking target.
[0351] The position-velocity and the attitude control systems share the underwater thruster 055 of which commands are from both systems, and determined independently.
[0352] (a) Position, Velocity Control
[0353]
[0354] Where, I.sub.b is an unit vector directing T.
[0355] The thrust provided by each underwater thruster 055 for the upper thruster plane 059 and the lower thruster plane 060 must cancel the water resistance force 065. Since the water resistance force 065 acts on the buoyancy center C 051 which is the center of the shape of the Deepsea Crane 001, the rotational torque is not generated.
[0356] In
[0357] where R is water resistance and a function of moving speed V.
[0358] Based on the conditions that do not cause rotation around the gravity center G for the upper thrusting plane 059 and to the lower thrusting plane 060 (Equation 003) are obtained.
[0359] Where TL and TU are required driving force for upper thrusting plane 059 and lower thrusting plane 060 considering water resistance R.
[0360] Then, in
[0361]
[0362] The upper thrusting plane thrust TL and the lower thrusting plane thrust TU are obtained as the synthetic force of the thrust TU0 080 to TU7 087, and the thrust TL0 088 to TL7 095, by underwater thrusters 055 which has thrusts in the tangential directions of the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0363]
[0364] The conditions for not to generate rotational torque on the thrusting plane are (Equation 005) from
[0365] The upper thrusting plane thrust T.sub.u 062 is the sum of T.sub.ui, i=0.7
[0366] The lower thrusting plane thrust T.sub.L 063 is the sum of T.sub.Li, i=0.7
[0367] The next condition is obtained from the condition not to generate the rotation torque on the thrusting plane.
[0368] The result of the (Equation 003) gives us the thrust (Equation 007) not generate the rotational torque for the center of gravity G053.
[0369] The Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor station 018 are keeping a specific gravity of near 1.0, and are at extremely slow speed in the range of 0.1 to 1.0 m/s.
[0370] The Equation 008 can express the motion as it is with a low resistance of symmetrical shape, is subjected to water resistance proportional to the speed of movement in the x, y, and z directions.
[0371] Where R represents the water resistance coefficient,
T(t)=M{umlaut over (X)}(t)+R{dot over (X)}(t)[Equation 008]
[0372] Where M represents the mass of the Deepsea Crane 001, R is a resistance coefficient, and X (t) indicates a position in the reference coordinate system (
[0373] The dynamics of (Equation 008) is a static process system, and unstable, the system structure is as an H control system with strong robustness for an error function (Equation 009). This scheme reflects the following features;
[0374] There are nonlinearity and uncertainty phenomena such as the fluctuation of the load in the cargo-unit 007.
[0375] There is the vibration of boundary surface among internal liquid in the Deepsea Crane 001, the change of gravity center caused by the progress of the hydride reaction, and the existence of sea current, and the error of water resistance by a linear function.
[0376] An example of the H control system for the static process system in three-dimensional space (OTHER PUBLICATIONS 7) is a more advanced example, and this is known to those skilled in the art.
[0377] A is a 66 constant matrix with the diagonal element a.sub.ii>0 for i=1.5a
[0378] The right lower subscript in W.sub.T(t) and X.sub.T(t) in (Equation 009) indicates the target value and the right upper subscript indicates the transposition matrix.
[0379] (b) Attitude Control
[0380] The attitude control is performed by the reference coordinate system and the attitude coordinate system having the gravity center of G 053 in
[0381] Quaternion q, p are defined as follows;
[0382] In
[0383] Where, .sub.b is 3-axis angular velocity of the airframe coordinate.
[0384] The motion equation is defined as follows;
J.sub.b=S(.sub.b)J.sub.b+T
[0385] Where, T is outer torque imposed to the airframe;
[0386] When quaternion error between the target attitude q.sub.d and the current attitude is set to q.sub.e, the quaternion representing the target attitude is (Equation 013) related to the current attitude q.sub.r.sup.b and the solution is obtained (Equation 014).
q.sub.d=q.sub.e.Math.q.sub.r.sup.b[Equation 013]
q.sub.e=q.sub.d.Math.q.sub.r.sup.b.sup.
[0387] Where, it is used the fact that the inverse quaternion q.sub.r.sup.b.sup.
[0388] It is equivalent that the quaternion representing the target attitude q.sub.d is same as the present attitude q.sub.r.sup.b, and q.sub.e=[1 0 0 0].sup.T, and complying the airframe attitude to target attitude.
[0389] Supposing the following vector x;
x=[1q.sub.e0q.sub.e0q.sub.e0q.sub.e0].sup.T
[0390] The differential of x is obtained (Equation 015).
[0391] Where, (Equation 016)
[0392] (Equation 015) can be expressed as (Equation 017).
{dot over (x)}=G.sup.T.sub.b[Equation 017]
[0393] A candidate of the Lyapunov function for (Equation 017) is set to (Equation 018).
V.sub.1(x)=x.sup.Tx
{dot over (V)}.sub.1(x)=2x.sup.T{dot over (x)}=x.sup.TG.sup.T.sub.b
[0394] Here, given the stabilization feedback rule for x (Equation 019), the (Equation 020) is formed.
.sub.b=.sub.1(x)=K.sub.1Gx[Equation 019]
{dot over (V)}.sub.1(x)=x.sup.TG.sup.TK.sub.1Gx[Equation 020]
[0395] If, K.sub.1>0 then {dot over (V)}.sub.1(x)<0 and asymptotic stability around the origin of {dot over (x)}=G.sup.T.sub.b is guaranteed.
[0396] To make .sub.b follow .sub.1, using variable z.sub.1 defined by z.sub.1=.sub.1,
[0397] Then Equation 017 and Equation 018 come to
{dot over (x)}=G.sup.T(.sub.1+z.sub.1)=G.sup.TK.sub.1Gx+G.sup.Tz.sub.1
{dot over (V)}.sub.1(x)=x.sup.TG.sup.TK.sub.1Gx+X.sup.TG.sup.Tz.sub.1[Equation 021]
[0398] Using Equation 012 of J{dot over ()}.sub.b=S(.sub.b)J.sub.b+T, then, Equation 022 is met.
J.sub.1=J{dot over ()}.sub.bJ{dot over ()}.sub.1=S(.sub.b)J.sub.b+TJ{dot over ()}.sub.1[Equation 022]
[0399] The candidate of the Lyapunov function V.sub.2(x, z.sub.1) and its time derivative comes to be Equation 023;
[0400] Suppose K.sub.1>0, K.sub.2>0 then {dot over (V)}.sub.2(x, z.sub.1)<0 is met then the stability of V.sub.2(x, z.sub.1) around the origin is guaranteed and. it is guarantied that the airframe attitude follows the target attitude. Equation 024 shows the driving torque of the attitude control.
[0401] (c) Integration of Control Variables
[0402] (1) In the position velocity control, the thrust request to the gravity center G 053 in the reference coordinate system and (2) the rotational torque request for the gravity center G 053 in the attitude coordinate system are obtained, then the torque request value for each underwater thruster 055 is distributed and integrated.
[0403] As a thrust request for the gravity center G 053 in the reference coordinate system in the position velocity control;
[0404] As
[0405] is obtained, it is changed to quaternion expression Q.
[0406] The airframe coordinate is expressed to the reference coordinate in quaternion as q.sub.r.sup.b
[0407] Then the quaternion expression Q in the reference coordinate is q.sub.r.sup.b*Qq.sub.r.sup.b in the airframe coordinate.
[0408] Suppose
[0409] Furthermore in Equation 008, since T.sub.L4=T.sub.L5 and T.sub.U4=T.sub.U5 can be met, Equation 026 is obtained from Equation 008,
[0410] Control orders to all of the underwater thrusters are defined by the position velocity controller.
[0411] Then, as the torque given to the airframe for the attitude control is given by Equation 024;
[0415] Then according to the coordinate system shown in
[0416] Torque around the Z.sub.b axis can be generated by superimposing to T.sub.A0L, T.sub.A2L,T.sub.A0U, T.sub.A2U, T.sub.A1L, T.sub.A3L, T.sub.A1U, T.sub.A3U. These components are expressed as S.sub.ALi, S.sub.AUi i=0.7 then it can be expressed as T.sub.ALi=t.sub.ALi+S.sub.ALi, T.sub.AUi=t.sub.AUi+S.sub.AUi i=0.7.
[0417] Based on the condition that the thrust T.sub.Li, T.sub.Ui do not generate movement other than the airframe rotation;
(t.sub.AL2+t.sub.AL0)(L.sub.tL.sub.g)=(t.sub.AU2+t.sub.AU0)(L.sub.t+L.sub.g)
(t.sub.AL3+t.sub.AL1)(L.sub.tL.sub.g)=(t.sub.AU3+t.sub.AU1)(L.sub.t+L.sub.g)
[0418] Furthermore, the torque around Z.sub.b axis is divided in inverse proportion in distance from the gravity center.
(S.sub.AL0S.sub.AL1S.sub.AL2+S.sub.AL3)(L.sub.tL.sub.g)=(s.sub.AU0s.sub.AU1S.sub.AU2+s.sub.AU3)(L.sub.t+L.sub.g)
[0419] The torque around each axis is as follows.
[0420] Then, Equation 027 is obtained.
[0421] Adding (Equation 026) and (Equation 027) control orders for each underwater thruster are determined.
[0422] (d) Configuration of the Control System
[0423]
[0424] As the control of the Deepsea Crane 001 by maneuvering the individual thrusters, is common to all of its operational phase, the supervisory-control 255 realizes the request for each operation changing the diagonal elements, which correspond to the state variables, of the diagonal matrix A (Equation 009) in the position-velocity controller 265 and the attitude controller 266, which are the feedback coefficients (Equation 020).
[0425] 3. Navigation Control
[0426] (1) Configuration
[0427] The navigation control system is positioned above the operation control system (
[0428] In the lifting up and descending using the buoyancy of the present invention, there is no need to create structures with dynamical couplings such as a rising pipe between the starting point and the arrival point (the Surface mothership and the Seafloor Station), and there is no mechanical constraint. On the other hand, it is necessary to autonomously guide a route between the starting point and the arrival point, and it is indispensable the docking function to the target at the arrival point. Since seawater is almost stationary at the seafloor, the disturbance against position and velocity is small, but the relative movement of the sea surface to support ships by the wave is necessary. To avoid sea surface waves and minimize this effect, arrival and departure port called moon pool 307 is provided in the central part of the hull of the surface mother ship 016, such as submarine research vessels.
[0429]
[0430] During inertial navigation interval 103, an inertial sensor and a depth meter are used to guide position, velocity, and attitude to minimize deviation from the descending path 101. The descending path 101 at its initial inertial navigation section 103 is set to occupy close above the target seafloor support station 018.
[0431] It is by decreasing the deviation from the vertically upper position from the target Seafloor Station 018 to eliminate the effect of bending of the sound line by the underwater temperature distribution for the subsequent acoustic navigation section.
[0432] In the closest region of the Seafloor Station 018, the optical navigation section 105 is prepared to dock to the cargo-unit port 023 by accurate position, velocity, and attitude control
[0433] The navigation control system 110 of
[0434] In processing block 520, it is judged whether the Deepsea Crane 001 is before the departure from the Seafloor Station 018 or the surface mothership 016.
[0435] And if before the departure and if descending the GPS positioning data of the integrated supervisory control equipment 444, which is on the surface mothership 016, is acquired as initialization data.
[0436] If before the floating up the Deepsea Crane 001 gets the position data kept at the Seafloor Station 018 as the initialization data. It is prepared a countermeasure against deterioration of accuracy over time by drift accumulation of inertial navigation system after the starting of floating up or descending. Processing block 521 acquires navigation data including inertial sensors, digital compasses, and depth meters. In processing block 522, it branches by navigation mode (inertial navigation, acoustic navigation, optical navigation, and docking navigation). The initial setting at the start of flotation or descent is by the inertial navigation.
[0437] (2) Inertial Navigation
[0438] Since GPS is not available in water, in the case of the inertial guidance the error of position accumulates by drift with time after initialization to the reference coordinates. Therefore, the inertial guidance is not available for terminal one in the sea.
[0439] However, there is an advantage to get position and velocity data within a constant error. Therefore, it is used in the initial stage while drift does not accumulate in both floating up and descending (inertial navigation section 103). And the Deepsea Crane approaches the target in the horizontal plane as close as possible to the vertically above or down position so that in the next stage of acoustic navigation the approach to the goal is from near vertical above or down.
[0440] It is possible to eliminate the effect of refraction of sound propagation by selecting sound wave path closer to vertical.
[0441] While the drift error of the inertial sensor is small at the initial stage of the route, it guides to directly above or below the target descending or lifting ay the same time to minimize the effect of the refraction of sound propagation due to the sea temperature distribution before switching to the acoustic guidance.
[0442] The processing of inertial navigation 108 follows the processing flow of the operation of the inertial navigation system of
[0443] As GPS is not available, the initial position obtained in the processing block 524 or 526 in
[0444] The depth system data and the moving orientation obtained by the electronic compass in processing block 531 can estimate the drift of the inertial navigation sensor. The maximum likelihood latitude, longitude, depth, speed, attitude corrected by the drift estimate at processing block 532, and the deviation from the target path appears.
[0445] Taking into account the refraction of the sound propagation path (Processing block 530) the acoustic measuring range 122 is set to a conical zone above or below the final target (the cargo-unit port 023, the Deepsea Crane 100) with high linearity.
[0446] When the Deepsea Crane 001 is confirmed to have entered the acoustic measuring range 122 by the inertial navigation system in the processing block 533, the sound generation order is issued to the acoustic navigation system 108 by the processing block 534.
[0447] Having confirmed that the reception of the echo from the transponder installed at the target point in the processing block 535,
[0448] and that the signal level exceeds the threshold value in the processing block 536,
[0449] and that the distance is equal to or less than the threshold value,
[0450] then the switching to the acoustic navigation mode occurs in the processing block 536.
[0451] (3) Acoustic Navigation
[0452] The acoustic navigation is used for float up and descent in section 104 following inertial navigation. This scheme is because the temperature distribution of seawater does not guarantee the straightness of the sound wave, but because it is suitable for use in the medium to short range in response to error characteristics, and the light does not reach except the nearest. The temperature distribution of seawater exists in the depth direction, but the horizontal direction is uniform. When positioning with a transponder is performed, the horizontal direction is available in a comparatively accurate manner, but an error in the vertical direction increases with departure from the vertical direction. As an example of the sound propagation path is shown in
[0453]
[0454] But (1) it is not necessary to create a target image,
[0455] And (2) it is possible to install a transponder on the target,
[0456] (3) It is intended to guide own position directly above or below the target,
[0457] (4) The precise positioning of the target is by the optical navigation.
[0458] Due to these reasons, it can be simplified and low powered.
[0459]
[0460] In
[0461]
[0462]
[0463] When a surface source is an approximation of the sound source,
[0464] In
[0465]
[0466] Based on the sound propagation distance between the acoustic sensor A and C and the distance calculated based on propagation time difference;
(t.sub.ct.sub.a)s=r cos cos
[0467] Based on the sound propagation distance between the acoustic sensor B and D and the distance calculated based on propagation time difference;
(t.sub.dt.sub.b)s=r cos cos
[0468] Then;
[0469] Then, the processing block 551 is obtained. If there is no difference in propagation delay time for the acoustic sensors (Equation 028), cos =0, and sin is not obtained. cos =0 is a state in which the control object is complete because the transponder is directly above or below the sensor.
[0470] The transponder direction renews with the attitude data obtained from the inertial sensor in processing block 552, and the position of the Deepsea Crane determines from the transponder position known in processing block 553. If the distance between the transponder and the sensor is a few tens m and the vertical deviation is the optical measurement range (Field of view 20 to 30), the process proceeds to the processing block 555, and if the target light emission is detected, the processing block 556 switches to the optical navigation mode in the processing block (Not false detection)
[0471] (4) Optical Navigation
[0472] In particular, in the seafloor, the distance of reaching the light is shortened due to the mud that rises, but it is possible to use the light-emitting element of LED in the final stage since accurate positioning is possible at a short distance of 10 to several meters.
[0473] The principle of optical navigation 107 will be described concerning
[0474] Light emitters A to D 151 to 154 blink at different intervals to identify light emitting elements due to differences in periods. The image sensor 150 is installed at the distal end of the central axis of the Deepsea Crane 001 to capture the light-emitters A to D 151 to 154 in front.
[0475] If the central axis of the Deepsea Crane 001;
[0476] Shifts to the light emitting element AB side, the image of the (d1) in
[0477] Shifts to the light emitting element BC side, the image of the (d2) in
[0478] Shifts to the light emitting element CD side, the image of the (d3) in
[0479] Shifts to the light emitting element DA side, the image of the (d4) in
[0480] When there is no deviation from the center axis, the image of (d0)
[0481]
[0482] In the optical navigation shown in
[0492] the following data (A) (B) can be obtained from the following method.
[0493] The above (1) (2) are the measurement data of the image sensor 150, and (3) (4) are the inherent data to the image sensor 150, and (5) (6) (7) (8) are the actual measurement data at the Seafloor Station 018 or the surface mother ship 016, and these are all known. [0494] (A) position of the Deepsea Crane 001 (latitude and longitude (LatT, LonT), depth (DpT)) [0495] (B) attitude of the Deepsea Crane 001 (pitch pb, yaw yb, roll rb)
[0496] The above (A) (B) is obtained using the quaternion.
[0497] The position of the Deepsea Crane 001 P in the reference coordinate system (XYZ, X Axis: East to West, Y Axis: North to South, Z Axis: Vertical) is defined, and a coordinate system (XbYbZb) P.sub.b representing the attitude of the Deepsea Crane 001 is defined.
[0498] The cargo-unit port 023 in
P.sub.t=Q.sub.TPQ.sub.T*[Equation 029]
[0499] A cargo-unit port 023 in this coordinate system is projected onto the imaging plane 156 to obtain an image of
[0500] A is the point where the light emitter A 151 exists, and the B, C, and D are the same as the following. M is the intersection of AC and BD. The imaging coordinates of the imaging plane 156 of the A, B, C, and D are shown in
[0501] In
[0502] Calculating the average;
[0503] On the other hand, since , , , and are determined from the coordinates of the image of the light emitter on the imaging plane 156, such as (Equation 032), the values R, , and of Equation 032 are determined.
[0504] Where, indicates rotation relative to reference coordinates around the target direction vector PM. In (Equation 031), the cargo-unit port 023 is assumed to be horizontal, but generally, it is inclined with an attitude angle. As shown in
[0505] From
[0506] If the rotation of the Equation 033 in quaternion is Q.sub.t Equation 035 comes out.
P.sub.t=Q.sub.tP.sub.bQ.sub.t*[Equation 034]
[0507] Equation 036 is obtained from Equation 035 and Equation 030, then the attitude of the Deepsea Crane 001 for the reference coordinate P is obtained.
P.sub.b=Q.sub.t.sup.1Q.sub.TPQ.sub.T*Q.sub.t.sup.*[Equation 035]
[0508] The processing block 561 is obtained from Equation 031 and Equation 032, and the processing block 562 is obtained from Equation 035.
[0509] Since the center point latitude, longitude (LatT, LonT) and depth (DpT) of light emitters A-D 151 to 154 are known (Equation 030), the position P of the Deepsea Crane of the processing block 563 is obtained from Equation 036.
P=QT.sup.1P.sub.tQ.sub.T.sup.*1[Equation 036]
[0510] As a result of the optical navigation 107, the processing block 523 in
[0511] The identification scheme of a light emitting device in
[0512] In the processing block 570, the recognition processing of the processing blocks 571 to 576 are skipped until the 4 LEDs light-on, and the processing block 577 records the image. The 4 LEDs light-on means the start of the LED pattern cycle. Processing blocks 572 to 576 may result in overlapping images of 2 LEDs light-on between the image of the image pickup device and the 4 LEDs light-on so that the pattern sequence Code of the light emitting pattern matching the processing block 575 is determined by eliminating this overlap. Since the identification of each LED is possible, the pixel coordinates in the imaging plane are transmitted, and output by the identification number of the LED in the processing block 576.
[0513] (4) Docking Navigation
[0514] In the optical navigation, after the target is closer to 1 to 2 m, precise attitude and position control are carried out by recognizing the detailed pattern of LED light emitters, and then the docking is carried out.
[0515] The Deepsea Crane 001 performs a precision position control in the final stage proximate to the Cargo-unit port 023. It separates the empty cargo unit 007 and places it on the Cargo-unit port 023, and floats up about 10 to 20 10 meters, and moves horizontally, and then docks with another cargo-unit 007 which fills with the cargo on the opposite side of the Seafloor Station 018. This operation is called the docking navigation. It is a two-choice docking device and position control and attitude control by image processing by a digital camera.
[0516]
[0517] The Cargo unit 007 and the Crane Engine 005 are detachable. And the Cargo unit 007 is connected to the Crane Engine 005 by the gripper (4 in this example) mounted on the circumferential portion of the Cargo unit 007, or the Cargo unit 007 is connected to the Cargo-unit port 023 in the second priority alternative selection mechanism.
[0518]
[0519] The relationship between the LED and the imaging device is same as the relationship between the LED and the imaging device in the principle of the optical navigation principle (1)
[0520]
[0521] The key-mechanism 174 is invaginated in the Crane Engine 005 side gripped object 171, and the inter-fit body 177 of the rotary mechanism 175 is pressed downward to prevent the gripper 170 from opening.
[0522] When the gripped object 171 at the Cargo-unit port 023 side penetrates the lower side of the gripper 170 in (g),
[0523] the key-mechanism 171 of the gripped object 174 at the Crane Engine 005 is pulled up to in (g) to (h) by pulling out the key-mechanism 174 of the Crane Engine 005 side gripped object 171,
[0524] and pulling up the key-mechanism 174 of the Cargo-unit-port 023 side gripped object 171 to the lower inter-fit body 177 of the gripper 170.
[0525] The lower side of the gripper 170 closes through the rotating mechanism 175, and the upper side opens. The Cargo unit 007 becomes connected to the Cargo-unit-port 023 side gripped object 171, and the Crane Engine 005 and the Cargo unit 007 are disconnected. The picture (i) shows the state in which the Cargo engine 005 is released and floating up.
[0526] The gripping mechanism shows an example.
[0527] As long as
[0528] (1) latter priority
[0529] (2) robust and durable
[0530] are met, there is no need to stick to an example.
[0531] The Crane Engine 005 which has separated the Cargo unit 007 is lifted up by 15 to 20 m and moved horizontally by 10 to 20 m to dock to the opposite side of the Cargo-unit port 023. Since the release and horizontal movement are carried out without a hydrogen gas absorption reaction in the state of seawater specific gravity, there is no constraint on depth and depth change rate, and the optical navigation 107 and the operation control system (
[0532]
[0533] In (a), the gripper 170 of the Cargo unit 007 and the Cargo-unit-port 023 side gripped object 171 are connected.
[0534] In (b)-(d), the Crane Engine 005 sides gripped object 171 docks to the gripper 170, And in (c) and (d) the key-mechanism 174 of the Cargo-unit port 023 sides gripped object 171 is pulled out,
[0535] And the key-mechanism 174 of the Cargo-unit 023 sides gripped object 174 is pushed down to the upper inter-fit body 177 of the gripper 170. The top side of the gripper 170 closes through the rotating mechanism 175, and the lower-side opens.
[0536] The Crane Engine 005 side gripped object 171, and the gripper 170 of the Cargo unit 007 are connected.
[0537]
[0538] 4. Operation Mode Control
[0539]
[0540] The operation mode control 112 is located at the top of the control system of the Deepsea Crane and receives a control command from the Deepsea Crane supervisory control system 446 of the Surface mother ship 016 via the optical communication interface 453 at processing block 590. There are ten types of operation modes of the Deepsea Crane 001 in the operation mode list shown in
[0541] The processing block 591 checks the completion condition of
[0542] 5. Fluid Configuration Control
[0543] This control changes the liquid composition inside the Crane Engine 005, which is a component of the Deepsea Crane 001, by controlling the piping state to realize an internal state corresponding to each operation mode.
[0544] The processing flow 2 in
[0545] The processing block 601 checks the completion condition shown in the operation mode list (b), and the processing block 602 controls the following (1) to (10) corresponding to the operation mode.
[0546] (1) Floating Up (Operational Mode 1 in
[0547] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0548] The operation described above V Deepsea Crane 1 control system, two navigation system, three docking control is carried out independently in the state where the Deepsea Crane 001 does not connect to the Seafloor Station 018 and the Surface Mothership 016 with the pipe connection. Toluene is sent from the liquid tank 004 section 3 of the Deepsea Crane 001 via V 14 to the hydride reactor 009 together with the hydrogen gas of the buoyancy tank 003 to generate the MCH. The generated MCH flows to the liquid tank 004 via V 12. For the change in volume of the liquid tank 004, the seawater in the Partition 5 of the liquid tank 004 is injected/drained by P5 via V7 to cancel this change.
[0549] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0550] Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation are in operation when the Deepsea Crane 001 is separated.
[0551] The Crane Engine of the Seafloor Station 018 accumulates hydrogen generated by the hydrogen gas generator in the buoyancy tank 003 via the valve V0 and the pump P0. via V6 and V 13 from liquid tank 004 section 4. Seawater of the same volume as the pure water is injected into the liquid 004 compartment 5 by P5 via V7. The seawater in the buoyancy tank 003 section 1 is drained into the sea by P1 via V2 and V8 in response to the hydrogen gas increase. The pressure of the buoyancy tank 003 is almost equal to the seawater pressure.
[0552] (c) Surface Mothership
[0553] No other system and piping connection, independent operation.
[0554] (2) Completion of Floating and Hydrogen Gas Purge (Operational Mode 2
[0555] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0556] The Deepsea Crane 001 floats and docks to the Surface mother ship 016. The hydrogen gas of one atmospheric pressure remaining in the buoyancy tank 003 is purged in the atmosphere by P0 via V0 and V 10.
[0557] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0558] Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation are carried out in a state in which the Deepsea Crane 001 is remote. Same as (1).
[0559] (c) Surface Mothership
[0560] No other system and piping connection, independent operation.
[0561] (3) Completion of Floating and MCH Unloading (Operational Mode 3
[0562] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0563] The MCH generated during the floating up is sent from the liquid tank 004 Partition 2 by P2 via V3. In the Surface mother ship 016, The MCH is collected in the MCH tank 204 by Ps2 via Vs2. Seawater is fed into the liquid tank 004 Partition 5 by P5 via V7.
[0564] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0565] Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation are carried out in the state in which the Deepsea Crane 001 is remote. Same as (1).
[0566] (c) Surface Mothership
[0567] MCH is transferred in connection with the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0568] (4) Preparation for Descending (Toluene Filling) (Operational Mode 4
[0569] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0570] Toluene is injected with Ps1 via Vs1 from the toluene tank 203 of the Surface mother ship 016 to the liquid tank 004 Partition 3 of the Deepsea Crane 001 by P3 via V5.
[0571] Seafloor Station 018
[0572] Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation are carried out in a state in which the Deepsea Crane 001 is remote. Same as (1).
[0573] (c) Surface Mothership
[0574] Toluene is transferred in connection with the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0575] (5) Preparation for Descending (Pure Water Filling) (Operational Mode 5
[0576] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0577] Pure water for electrolysis is injected into the buoyancy tank 003 of the Deepsea Crane by Ps3 via Vs3 from the pure water tank 205 of the Surface mother ship 016 by P0 via V 14 and V1.
[0578] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0579] Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation are carried out in a state in which the Deepsea Crane 001 is separated. Same as (1).
[0580] (c) Surface Mother Ship
[0581] Being connected with the Deepsea Crane 001 pure water is transferred.
[0582] (6) Descending (Operational Mode 6
[0583] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0584] All part of the Deepsea Crane 001 are filled with liquid, set to the same specific gravity as seawater, and the valves to the outside are closed and the Deepsea Crane 001 descends.
[0585] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0586] Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation are carried out in a state in which the water lifting and lowering apparatus 001 is separated. Same as (1).
[0587] (c) Surface Mother Ship
[0588] No piping connection to the other systems and, independent operation.
[0589] (7) Replacement and Transfer of the Cargo Unit (Operational Mode 7
[0590] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0591] All part of the Deepsea Crane 001 are filled with liquid and set to the same specific gravity as seawater to move by the thrusters.
[0592] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0593] Hydrogen gas generation and accumulation are carried out in a state in which the water lifting and lowering apparatus 001 is separated. Same as (1).
[0594] (c) Surface Mother Ship
[0595] No piping connection to the other systems and, independent operation.
[0596] (8) Post Descending Operation (Hydrogen Gas Filling, Pure Water Transfer) (Operation Mode 8
[0597] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0598] The hydrogen gas accumulated in the buoyancy tank 003 of the Seafloor Station 018 is sent by P0 via V0 of the Seafloor Station 018 to the buoyancy tank 003 of the Deepsea Crane 001 by P0 via V0. Since the hydrogen gas accumulates upward, the pure water is sent by P1 via V2 to the liquid tank 004 Partition 3 of the Seafloor Station 018.
[0599] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0600] Connecting to the Deepsea Crane 001 to transfer pure water.
[0601] (c) Surface Mother Ship
[0602] No piping connection to the other systems and, independent operation.
[0603] (9) Floating Preparations (Seawater Injection and Completing Adjustment of Buoyancy) (Operational Mode 9
[0604] (a) Deepsea Crane 001
[0605] The hydrogen gas capacity and the seawater capacity in the buoyancy tank 003 are controlled by P0 and P1 via V0 and V1 so as to be able to continue the hydrogenation reaction to keep the specific gravity of the Deepsea Crane 001 same as the seawater for floating up.
[0606] (b) Seafloor Station 018
[0607] A hydrogen gas is transferred connecting with the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0608] (c) Surface Mother Ship
[0609] No piping connection to the other systems and, independent operation.
[0610] V Seafloor Station
[0611] 1 Control System
[0612] (1) Objectives and Functions
[0613] Objectives and Functions
[0614] In the embodiment of
[0615] The Seafloor Station differs to the Deepsea Crane 001 as follows and it works like the Deepsea Crane 001 by changing parameters.
[0616] (1) Structure and Weight
[0617] Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0618] Deepsea Crane 001 as shown in
[0619] As shown in the above, the Seafloor Station 018 is comparable to the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0620] a. It weighs about four times.
[0621] b. The water resistance in the Z-axis direction is significant.
[0622] c. There is no rotational symmetry around the Z axis (Vertical Direction), and the XY axis (Horizontal) direction is broad.
[0623] d. It is easy to get the torque around the XY axis by the thrusters (large) 200 in the Z-axis direction installed at the end of the Seafloor Station platform 027. The center of gravity Ws 202 is at a low position over the Seafloor Station platform 027 and is not symmetrical around the z-axis.
[0624] (2) Coordinate System
[0625] Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0626] Deepsea Crane 001 as shown in
[0627] We can handle the Seafloor Station 018 same as the Deepsea Crane 001 making the above correspondence.
[0628] (2) Thrusters and Control Vector
[0629] In response to the differences described in (1) Structure and Weight section, using placing the thruster (large) 200 and the thruster (medium) 201 as shown in
[0630] For both of;
[0631] Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0632] Deepsea Crane 001 as shown in
[0633] a. The concept of the upper thrusting plane 059 and the lower thrusting plane 060 is applicable for the Seafloor Station 018 as for the Deepsea Crane 001,
[0634] The thrusters concentrate on the two planes (Upper one, Lower one) which are perpendicular to the Z axis. The upper thrusting plane 059 exists at a position higher than the center of gravity, the lower thrusting plane 060 is set at a position lower than the center of gravity, and the z-axis locates in the same positional relation as the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0635] b. The thrusters of the lower thrusting plane 060 exist at positions below the center of gravity of the Seafloor Station platform 027, and the thrusters are the large type to meet the weight concentration at the lower portion.
[0636] c. Since the upper thrusting plane 059 and the lower thrusting plane 060 do not exist in equidistance from the center of gravity G053, the Lt changes to Lt1 and Lt2.
[0637] Replacing (Equation 001) and (Equation 003) of the Deepsea Crane 001 with (Equation 037) and (Equation 038), and then substituting the thrust vectors corresponding to the thruster in
T.sub.U0=T.sub.00+T.sub.01
T.sub.U1=T.sub.10+T.sub.11
T.sub.U2=T.sub.20+T.sub.21
T.sub.U3=T.sub.30+T.sub.31
[0638] It is possible to apply Equation 001 to Equation 037 for the Deepsea Crane 001 to the Seafloor Station 018 as they are.
[0639] Where, I.sub.b is a unit vector showing the direction of T.
[0640] (a) Position and Speed Control
[0641] a.1 Depth Control
[0642] When floating, the Seafloor Station controls in the same way
[0643] as the Deepsea Crane 001, as it uses the Crane Engines 005 as the component for floating.
[0644] When descending, as the buoyancy tank 003 of the Crane Engine 005 keeps 1 atm of hydrogen gas, and specific gravity of the Seafloor Station 018 is same as the seawater at the start of descending from the sea surface,
[0645] Therefore, if all of the tanks of the Seafloor Station 018 fills with liquid, its specific gravity becomes larger than seawater, and a soft landing on the seafloor becomes impossible.
[0646] If the Seafloor Station 018 keeps the specific gravity same as the seawater at the sea surface filling its buoyancy tanks 003
[0647] with one atm of hydrogen,
[0648] and if the Crane Engine 005 gives the initial descending speed,
[0649] the Seafloor Station 018 descends to the seafloor at a constant rate which balances with the water resistance.
[0650] The Seafloor Station 018 descends maintaining the volume of the hydrogen gas and the buoyancy generating the hydrogen gas by the hydrogen gas generator 024,
[0651] to avoid the decrease the volume of hydrogen gas and the increase of the specific gravity and the descending speed increases, if left untreated, the seawater pressure increases as descending.
[0652] a.2 Movement Control
[0653] The Seafloor Station performs the same control as the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0654] (b) Attitude Control
[0655] The Seafloor Station controls same as the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0656] (c) Rendezvous
[0657] Termination control is not required because it is a soft bed near the designated site of the seafloor, and at the time of lift up floating is to the near point of the crane of the surface mother ship 018.
[0658] The construction procedure of the control system is same as the procedure for the Deepsea Crane 001 as follows.
[0659] (a) Position speed control
[0660] (b) Attitude control
[0661] (c) Integration of control quantities
[0662] (d) Configuration of the control system
[0663] Contrasting the following block diagrams of control systems
[0664] Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0665] Deepsea Crane 001 as shown in
[0666] It is necessary for the Seafloor Station 018 to carry out the control which does not exist in the Deepsea Crane 001. Therefore, The following a and b describe these points concerning
[0667] a. Since the Seafloor Station 018 comprises of the four (In the case of this embodiment) Crane Engines and the Seafloor Station platform 027, and thus it is different from the Deepsea Crane 001. It is not possible to apply the operation to control the deviation between the pressure of buoyancy tank and the sea pressure to near zero controlling the depth and depth change by the thrusters.
[0668] b. During the descent, it is necessary to keep the buoyancy generating the hydrogen gas. As the correspondence to the above section a.. Each of the Crane Engine from 0050 to 0053 in
P.sub.D0=P.sub.H0P.sub.W
P.sub.D1=P.sub.H1P.sub.W
P.sub.D2=P.sub.H2P.sub.W
P.sub.D3=P.sub.H3P.sub.W
[0669] The above data needs to be zero.
[0670] However, the Seafloor Station Platform 027 cannot keep horizontal if it is by injecting/draining water to/from the buoyancy tanks, their hydrogen gas volume becomes unbalanced and, their buoyancy becomes so among Crane Engines.
[0671] Although the Z-axis thrusters on the Seafloor Station Platform 027 can balance it, the Z-axis direction thrust is to control the pressure precisely. It is the control strategy to pay the fewer efforts to keep the balance by the Z-axis thrusters, to spend more by controlling the reaction amount changing the toluene flow Ft and the reactor temperature T by the hydride reaction control system 258.
[0672] b. As the correspondence to the section b, the hydrogen gas moles in each buoyancy tank 003 of the Crane Engines 005 are increased by the hydrogen gas generator controller 268 in the block diagram of
[0673] This operation is that,
[0674] When floating up, as the Principle of IV lifting 1.1 Hydride reaction shows that the Seafloor Station 018 floats up controlling its depth to keep the buoyancy constant by decreasing the amount of hydrogen gas moles over time controlling the hydride reactor 260 by the hydride reactor controller 258.
[0675] When descending, the operation is opposite to the floating up; it is to keep the buoyancy constant against the increased hydrogen gas using the thrusters (large) 200 in
[0676] Regarding the characteristics of buoyancy control during descent, there should be the correspondence between the following two;
[0677] The Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0678] The Deepsea Crane 001 as shown in
[0679] In
[0680] 3. Navigation Control
[0681] (1) Configuration
[0682] For the entire navigation control, there should be the correspondence between the following two; [0683] The Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0685] In the Seafloor Station 018, the optical navigation and the rendezvous navigation are not adopted because precise terminal control is unnecessary.
[0686] As a special operation of the Seafloor Station 018, there is an operation to float up and move horizontally seeking seafloor resources, but it is the same as a part of the operation of replacing the Cargo unit with moving operation of the Deepsea Crane 001 at the bottom of the sea.
[0687] For the overall configuration of the control system, there should be the correspondence between the following two; [0688] The Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0690] These are same except that the contents of the navigation control system are simplified compared to the Deepsea Crane 001 (below).
[0691] For the operation of the navigation control system, there should be the correspondence between the following two; [0692] The Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0694] In comparison with the Deepsea Crane 001, it is simplified without optical navigation and docking navigation. Further, when floating up the Seafloor Station 018 moves holding the self-position as it is, the initial position setting is simplified.
[0695] (2) Inertial Navigation
[0696] For the operation of inertial navigation systems, there should be the correspondence between the following two; [0697] The Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0699] In
[0700] (3) Acoustic Navigation
[0701] Regarding the principle of acoustic ranging and how to implement it, there should be the correspondence between the following two; [0702] The Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
[0704] In
[0705] (4) Optical Navigation
[0706] It does not apply to the Seafloor Station 018.
[0707] (5) Docking Navigation
[0708] It does not apply to the Seafloor Station 018.
[0709] 4 Operation Mode Control
[0710] The comparison with the Deepsea Crane 001 is as follows. [0711] The Seafloor Station 018 as shown in
The following operations are different from the Deepsea Crane 001 because the Seafloor Station 018 is filled with the hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank 003 due to the low buoyancy at the time of descent.
[0713] (a) No. 6 Preparation for Descending (hydrogen gas filling)
[0714] (b) No. 7 Descending
[0715] (9) No. 9 Post Descending Operation (reduction of buoyancy)
[0716] Details are described in 5. Fluid configuration control.
[0717] 5. Fluid Configuration Control
[0718] The principle is same as the Deepsea Crane 001, since a control is made to change the liquid composition to realize the internal state corresponding to each operation mode by controlling the piping status to change the fluid composition inside the Crane Engine 005, which is a common component of the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0719] However, since the operation is different from the Deepsea Crane 001,
[0720] (1) Floating Up (Operational Mode 1
[0721] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0722] The same control as the Deepsea Crane 001 is performed.
[0723] (b) Surface Mother Ship
[0724] No piping connection to other systems and, independent operation.
[0725] (2) Completion of Floating and MCH Unloading (Operational Mode 2
[0726] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0727] The same control as the Deepsea Crane 001 is performed.
[0728] (b) Surface Mother Ship
[0729] Connecting with the Seafloor Station 018, MCH is transferred.
[0730] (3) Preparation for Descending (Toluene Filling) (Operational Mode 3
[0731] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0732] The same control as the Deepsea Crane 001 is performed.
[0733] (b) Surface Mother Ship
[0734] Toluene is transferred connecting with the Seafloor Station 018.
[0735] (4) Preparation for Descending (Pure Water Filling) (Operational Mode 4
[0736] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0737] The same control as the Deepsea Crane 001 is performed.
[0738] (b) Surface Mother Ship
[0739] The pure water is transferred connecting with the Seafloor Station 018
[0740] (5) Descending (Operational Mode 5
[0741] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0742] The Seafloor Station 018 has no load to unload at the sea surface since the Seafloor Station platform 027, the hydrogen gas generator 024 and the seafloor bulldozer 019 are lifted from the seafloor as the load instead of the collected ores.
[0743] Since the Seafloor Station 018 maintains the same specific gravity as the seawater with maintaining 1 atm of hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank 003 of the Crane Engine 005 at sea surface, if the buoyancy tank 003 is filled with liquid the specific gravity of the Seafloor station 018 becomes larger than that of seawater, and its soft landing on the seafloor becomes impossible.
[0744] The buoyancy tank 003 is filled with hydrogen gas of 1 atm at the surface of the sea so that the specific gravity of entire Seafloor Station 018 becomes same (set to be a little larger) as the seawater, and the specific gravity of the entire Seafloor Station 018 is set to 1.0. The descent is started in this state.
[0745] During the descent, hydrogen gas is generated by the hydrogen gas generator 024, and it descends while maintaining buoyancy. The valves with the outside are closed while descending, this is different from the hydrogen gas generator controller 268 in the block diagram of the control system of the Seafloor Station of
[0746] (b) Surface Mother Ship
[0747] No piping connection to other systems, independent operation.
[0748] (6) Seafloor Movement (Operational Mode 6
[0749] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0750] (1) The hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank 003 is increased by the hydrogen gas generator so as to prepare for the movement, and the state of the Start of lift up in
[0751] (2) The Crane Engine 005 is set to closed to outside and lifts up by the thruster (large) 200 and the thruster (medium) 201, and then moves in parallel to the seafloor and descends over the specified position by changing the propulsion direction of thrusters (large) 200 and thrusters (medium) 201.
[0752] After the settlement on the seafloor, the volume of the hydrogen gas is decreased being adsorbed to toluene or being released, and the specific gravity is set to more than 1.0.
[0753]
[0754] In
[0755] The Seafloor Station 018 floats up, moves, and descends by the thrusters (large) 200 and the thrusters (medium) 201.
[0756]
[0757] (a) Surface Mother Ship
[0758] No piping connection to other systems, independent operation.
[0759] (7) Buoyancy Reduction Process Post Settle Down (Reduction of Hydrogen Gas) (Operational mode 7
[0760] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0761] Hydrogen gas accumulated in the buoyancy tank 003 of the Seafloor Station 018 is guided to the hydride reactor 009 and then absorbed into toluene to change to the MCH which is sent to the liquid tank 4 Partition 3 via V 12 and P2. In response to the volume reduction of hydrogen gas, seawater is injected into the buoyancy tank 003 via V2, V8 and P1.
[0762] (b) Surface Mother Ship
[0763] No piping connection to other systems, independent operation.
[0764] (8) Preparation for Floating Up, Increasing Buoyancy (Operational Mode 8
[0765] (a) Seafloor Station 018
[0766] The hydrogen gas generator 024 is activated, and the volume of hydrogen gas in the buoyancy tank 003 is increased, and the specific gravity of the entire Seafloor Station 018 is set to 1.0 to enable floating.
[0767] (b) Surface Mother Ship
[0768] No piping connection to other systems, independent operation.
[0769] VI Hydrogen Gas Generator
[0770] A hydrogen gas generator 024 is installed in the Seafloor Station 018 generate buoyancy as shown in
[0771] Each Crane Engine of the Seafloor Station 018 can send pure water to the hydrogen gas generator 024 by pump 4 (P4) via valves 6 and 13 (V6, V 13), as shown in
[0772] The water electrolysis laminated unit 359 corresponding to each of the Crane Engine comprises a plurality of ones. Each of the water electrolysis laminated units 359 has a structure of
[0773] Hydrogen gas fuel cells are fed hydrogen gas and oxygen to generate water, but also it is widely known that the same equipment operated inversely can produce oxygen gas and hydrogen gas from water and electricity.
[0774] When the hydrogen gas generator by electrolysis is of the same level of technology, 1000 sets of the Toyota MIRAI's electrolysis laminate unit with 56 kg in weight and 37 m3 in the volume are needed to generate hydrogen gas of 280 m3 per day at 5000 m below the sea level at 500 atm.
[0775] One Seafloor Station 018 requires 4000 sets of the water electrolysis laminate unit, but it can mount them within its margin for the weight.
[0776] Regarding cost, the operation depth is assumed to be 5000 m, if the operation depth is one third it comes to be 1700 m, and the amount of the collected ore is one fourth, i.e., 250 tons a day, the water electrolysis laminated unit can reduce to 140 units. It is expected to correspond with the future low cost of water electrolysis laminated unit/fuel cell.
[0777] The bubbles of the decomposition gas generated in the electrode prevent the electric current, and this is a factor to degrade the performance of water electrolysis, and the efficiency reduces. The apparatus for performing electrolysis in the pressurized environment is in commercial use to prevent this factor. Therefore, the high-pressure environment of the seafloor is suitable for electrolysis, and nothing interferes its operation there. The voltage applied to one layer of the laminate is electrochemically determined and is between 1.4V and 2 V. In the case of MIRAI, 600 V for 370 layers, 1.6 V for the single one.
[0778] Since the Surface mothership 016 supplies electric power for electrolysis via the underwater power cable, it is desirable to increase the number of laminated layers to transmit electricity in high-voltage reducing its water weight and its water resistance, not to affect the dynamic characteristics of the Seafloor Station 018 and the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0779] VIII Power Generator
[0780] In the seafloor resource lifting apparatus of the present invention, the hydrogen gas generation requires electricity.
[0781] The Surface mothership 016 operates at a fixed point on the sea.
[0782] If the solar cells on the sea surface or onboard generator(s) generate electricity, the energy efficiency improves as there is no necessity of electricity transmission and no need for the land space, and also as MCH (methylcyclohexane) recovers the generated electricity in a transportable form. When the solar cells are the power source, and as the film type solar cell is rapidly advancing and has become a stage where the offshore power generation equipment is available in addition to the advance of the microinverter in the present invention.
[0783] 1. Current and Wave Conditions
[0784] The seafloor resource lifting apparatus of the present invention is intended for the Pacific Ocean area shown in
[0785] 2. Power Supply Requirements
[0786] (1) Environmental Endurance
[0787] Waterproofing is essential for the operation at sea surface, and durability is critical because of the long-term use of the annual order. It is necessary to be in the film because the bending stress is imposed at the sea surface by the wave and at the time of expansion and withdrawal of the cells.
[0788] To withstand the wave height of up to 3 m except for typhoon, analyzing the movement of sea surface referring to
[0789] (2) Area of Power Generation
[0790] The amount of solar radiation in the subject sea area is 2000 kWh/m2 per year, so it becomes 5.5 kWh/m2 in a day. As the 10% of the power generation efficiency is available (2020), it comes to be 0.55 kWh/m2.
[0791] It is necessary to generate 1000 m3 of hydrogen at 500 atm if it is collected 1000 tons daily from 5000 m of the sea bottom. Since the required power is 2500 MWh, the area of power generation is 4.5 square kilometers.
[0792] By reducing the sea depth from 5000 m to its one third, and reducing the amount of collected ore to one fourth, i.e., 250 tons/day, the area of power generation will be 0.38 square kilometers.
[0793] (3) Deployment and Withdrawal
[0794] In the event of a typhoon, the Surface mothership 016 withdraws the cells to avoid damage and deploys them after its passing. The ship has to expand the cells and remove them in two or three hours with a small number of participants.
[0795] (4) Maintainability
[0796] Because the cells become a large area, their partial failure should be detected and should be replaceable on the ship.
[0797] 3. The Offshore Solar Power Generator
[0798]
[0799] (1) Structure of Solar Cells
[0800]
[0801]
[0802] Solar cell strip 401 is a strip-linked solar cell unit 412 that seals a constant length solar cell film 400 into a foamed plastic 407 sheet with a protective film 402 to form a solar cell unit 412. The solar cell unit 412 floats on the sea surface by itself.
[0803] The protective film 402 protects the solar cell film 400 from the environment, such as seawater, and strengthens the strength of the solar cell unit 412. The micro-inverter 405 is a semiconductor circuit for converting the DC voltage generated by the solar cell film 400 into alternating current, and for converting the DC voltage to the AC cable 406, and each solar cell unit 412 has it.
[0804] The self-propelled solar cell deployment equipment 404 retracts the solar cell strip 401 in the rotary drum 415 (
[0805] It accommodates a solar cell strip 401 of about 5 km by winding up until the thickness of the solar cell unit 412 reaches a radius of 2 m in the rotating drum 415 with that of 0.5 m.
[0806] Although the micro-inverter 405 has advanced in recent years, it is a semiconductor circuit, and it has no inherent obstacle to constituting the semiconductor circuit with a thickness of 4 mm and has a structure embedded in the solar cell unit 412. The solar cell unit 412 connects adjacent solar cell units 412 with zipper joints 408. This structure is for maintenance by replacing on the Surface Mothership 016 when the solar cell unit 412 fails. Further, it is also possible to absorb stress caused by waves or the like to the solar cell strip 401 by applying elasticity to the zipper joint 408.
[0807] The side edge of the solar cell strip 401 is provided with an anti-ride fin 409 so as not to ride on the adjacent solar cell strip 401, having the elasticity to be flat when winding.
[0808] The solar cell strip 401 is housed in the rotating drum 415 of the take-up wheel 414 in
[0809] And after the recovery of sea conditions, The Surface Mothership needs to redeploy and has a system and structure that enables withdrawal and redeployment.
[0810] The traction cradle 411 is a floating body in which the winding wheel 414 is housed in the central portion to move the solar cell strip 401. And the traction roller is provided with a propulsion motor 420 on both sides, and it is possible to move forward, backward, and variable direction using the water jet. In the center portion of the traction cradle 411, there is a hole accommodating the winding wheel 414 and fixed to the traction cradle 411 by the fixing mechanism 417 of the core portion 413 of the winding wheel 414.
[0811] The traction cradle 411 fixes the fixing mechanism 417 and the central axis 425, winding motor 416, rotation transmitter 418.
[0812] The rotating drum 415 contacts the central axis 425 via the rotary bearing 424 and the rotation of the take-up motor 416 is transmitted by the rotation transmitting device 418. The winding motor 416 rotates or reverses the solar cell strip 401 by turning or reversing the rotating drum 415.
[0813] The underwater wing called an Otter-board (used in the net deployment of trawl fisheries) in the front side of the water of the traction cradle 411 can control the course of the solar cell strip 401 without the propulsion motor 420 after the deployment by the current. And also the motor drive equipment 429 for position control can adjust the direction.
[0814] The solar cell strip self-propulsion system 428 (
[0815]
[0816] (2) Deployment and Withdrawal of Solar Cells
[0817]
[0818] One traction cradle 411 is connected to each solar cell strip traction plate 390 by a traction cradle gripping arm 393.
[0819] Solar cell strip terminal bar 391, which is a distal end of solar cell strip 401, is held on solar cell strip traction plate 390 by the cell strip termination rod gripping arm 395.
[0820] The driving mechanism 394 of traction cradle grip arm and the drive mechanism 396 of the solar cell strip termination rod gripping arm, respectively (
[0821] The gripping arm 395 of the solar cell strip termination bar captures the solar-cell strip termination rod 391, is supplied to the traction cradle 411, introducing a winding wheel 414 winds the solar cell strip 401 on it, In
[0822] Solar cell strip 401 connects to solar cell strip traction plate 390 and the current collector cable 397 connects to the solar cell strip 401.
[0823] In
[0824] (3) Solar Cell Strip Self-Propulsion System
[0825] The control system 467 of
[0826] The object of the control system 467 for the solar cell strip deployment is to control the expansion/withdrawal rate of the solar cell strip 401 to a specified value (constant value). It is to control the tension applied to the solar cell film 400. And it is to make the traveling direction of the self-propelled solar cell expander equipment 404 to a specified direction.
[0827]
[0828] At the initial state, having received the expansion direction and the expansion line of the solar cell strip 401 (Processing block 701,702), if the expansion direction and the current orientation do not match (Processing block 703), the port and the starboard propellant motor modifies the current orientation (Processing block 707). When the command from the power supply equipment supervisory control system 450 is Deployment, the port and starboard propellant motors to control the cradle traveling direction and the progress speed to a specified value (Processing block 711). Further, the tension of the solar cell strip 401 turns to a constant value (Processing block 712). When the position reaches the deployment completion position, the process ends (Processing block 713, 714).
[0829] Upon receiving the command from the power equipment supervisory control system 450 Deployment, the deployment direction of the solar cell strip 401 is set to a specified path controlling the Otter-board. The port and starboard propulsion motors comply with, as needed, managing the tension of the solar cell strip 401 to a constant value (Processing block 715,716). When the command from the power equipment supervisory control system 450 is received (Processing block 715,716), the development and the reverse direction are controlled. The control of speed and tension is a technology that has been used as the motor control since old times in papermaking and rolling.
[0830] IX Monitoring and Control System
[0831] 1. System Configuration
[0832]
[0833] The Deepsea Crane console 441 performs monitoring control of each of the Deepsea Crane 001 via the Deepsea Crane control system 430 installed in each of the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0834] The Seafloor Station console 442 performs monitoring and control of the Seafloor Station 018 via the Seafloor Station control system 431 installed at each Seafloor Station 018. The Seafloor Station console 442 controls the seafloor bulldozer 019 remotely via the monitoring control system of Seafloor Station 448 and the optical cable 452. The power supply console 443 controls each control system of solar cell strip deployment via a power supply control system 432.
[0835] 2. Power System
[0836]
[0837] The generation of hydrogen consumes the most of energy, and the solar power generation at sea is an example of its supply sources. The Surface Mothership 016 may install a generator on it. When the rechargeable battery 483 is available, the hydrogen gas generator can reduce by charging the solar power electricity and equalizing the hydrogen gas generation in time.
[0838] X Operation Method
[0839] 1. Continuous Operation Requirements
[0840] In operation of the seafloor resource harvesting apparatus, it is necessary for the Surface Mothership 016 to continuously supply toluene and pure water to the Deepsea Crane 001.
[0841] And is necessary for the Surface Mothership 016 to continuously collect the minerals and the MCH from the Deepsea crane 001, and then repetitively change the installation position including the change of the bottom depth of the Seafloor Station 018. Operational procedures are as follows.
[0842] (1) The Seafloor Station 018 descends from the Surface mother ship 016 to the seafloor of the target sea area.
[0843] (2) The specific gravity of the Seafloor Station 018 is set to be larger than seawater, and the seafloor bulldozer 019 is deployed to the seafloor.
[0844] (3) From the Surface mother ship 016, the Deepsea Crane 001 descends toward the Seafloor Station 018, and the collected and accumulated ores by the Seafloor bulldozer 019 gets on the Deepsea Crane 001, and the hydrogen gas is filled and floated toward the marine command ship 016. (The step of (3) is repeated until the seafloor bulldozer 019 finishes the collection of minerals around the Seafloor Station 018)
[0845] (4) The Seafloor Station 018 floats up from the seafloor and changes the settlement position. At this time, there are cases where the moving is only horizontal without depth change, and where to a shallower point, where to a more in-depth point.
[0846] The operation stated in (3) repeats at the moving point.
[0847] The seafloor bulldozer 019 gets to the Seafloor Station 018, and the specific gravity of the Seafloor Station 018 is set to be same as the ambient seawater by the hydrogen gas generation, to change the settlement position.
[0848] And then the Seafloor Station 018 floats up from the bottom and settles down at the target point, then repeats the same operation as stated in (2).
[0849] (5) The activities in (2) (3) (4) (4) above repeat until the Seafloor Station 018 is withdrawn to the Surface Mothership 016 and gets maintenance work.
[0850] (6) The Seafloor Station 018 floats up from the seafloor, and the Surface Mothership 016 retrieves it.
[0851] The Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018 need to continuously make round trips between the seafloor and sea surface while maintaining a balance of the specific gravity and pressure to the ambient seawater containing toluene, pure water, MCH and the collected minerals. For this reason, there are the following conditions for clarifying the distribution and quantitative constraints of toluene, clean water, MCH, and collecting ores in the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018.
[0852] 1. 1. Definitions of Abbreviations and Specifications
[0853] (1) The physical constants follow Table 01 (a).
[0854] (2) The device weight and dimensions of the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018 are assumed to be 0.4 times of the volume and weight described in I Concepts and Realization 4 Realization in the following example.
[0855] Table 01 (b) shows the specification of the Deepsea Crane 001, and the specification of the Seafloor Station 018 is as in Table 01 (c).
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 01 (a) Constants Unit Symbol SeaWater Specific Gravity .sub.W 1.02500 Tolene Specific Gravity .sub.T 0.86690 MCH Specific Gravity .sub.M 0.77000 Tolene Molecular Gravity m.sub.T 92.1400 MCH Molecular Gravity m.sub.M 98.1860 Water Molecular Gravity m.sub.W 18.0153 H2 Molecular Gravity m.sub.H 2.01588 Molar Volume(Standard gas) L Mol 22.4 Toluene Vuoyancy 0.15354 MCH Buoyancy 0.29870 (b) Deep Sea Crane Specification Unit Symbol Buoyancy Tank + Reactor m.sub.3 V.sub.FR 125.0 Reactor Volume m.sub.3 V.sub.R 20.0 Liquid Tank Volume m.sub.3 Vl 95.0 Buoyancy Tank m.sub.3 Vf 105.0 Reactor Auxliaries Volume ton Wr 13.0 Outer Wall Structure ton Ws 2.0 (c) Crane Seafloor Station Specification Unit Symbol Engine Buoyancy Tank + Reactor m.sub.3 500 125 Reactor Volume m.sub.3 80 20 Liquid Tank Volume m.sub.3 380 95 Buoyancy Tank m.sub.3 420 105 Reactor Auxliaries Volume ton 52 13 Outer Wall Structure ton 8 2 Platform Structure ton 48 H2 Generator ton 56
[0856] 1.2 Physical Properties of Components
[0857] The physical properties of the fluid (gas, liquid) constituting the seafloor resource collection equipment are below. Only hydrogen gas is a gas phase, and others are liquid phases. Since the number of moles is constant regardless of pressure, and the flow of fluid to/from outside does not occur other than the sea surface and the seafloor, the fluids are expressed and analyzed based on the number of moles because it is constant. [0858] (1) Hydrogen gas [0859] a. Moles (10 E6) M.sub.H [0860] b. Weight (ton) W.sub.H=M.sub.H*m.sub.H [0861] c. Volume (m3) V.sub.H=(M.sub.H/P)*Mol*1000 [0862] (2) Toluene [0863] a. Moles (10 E6) M.sub.T [0864] b. Weight (ton) W.sub.T=M.sub.T*m.sub.T [0865] c. Volume (m3) V.sub.T=M.sub.T*m.sub.T/.sub.T [0866] (3) MCH [0867] a. Moles (10 E6) M.sub.M [0868] b. Weight (ton) W.sub.M=M.sub.M*m.sub.M [0869] c. Volume (m3) V.sub.M=M.sub.M*m.sub.M/.sub.M [0870] (4) Pure water [0871] a. Moles (10 E6) M.sub.W [0872] b. Weight (ton) W.sub.W=M.sub.W*m.sub.W [0873] c. Volume (m3) V.sub.W=M.sub.W*m.sub.W
[0874] 1.3 Reaction in the Floating, Descending and Moving processes
[0875] The following reaction is carried out to realize the same specific gravity and the same pressure as the surrounding seawater during the floating, descending and moving process.
[0876] (a) Floating Up [0877] Since hydrogen gas of the gas phase is necessarily included to obtain the rising buoyancy, the organic hydride reaction is carried out.
[0878] (b) Descending [0879] When the hydrogen gas is contained hydrogen gas is generated by water electrolysis [0880] When no hydrogen gas is contained and all fluid is liquid, no reaction occurs.
[0881] (1) Organic Hydride Reaction
[0882] The subscript 0 indicates the initial value and indicates the change from the initial value.
M.sub.H=M.sub.H0*M.sub.H
M.sub.T=M.sub.T0*M.sub.T
M.sub.M=M.sub.M0*M.sub.M
[0883] From the reaction conditions
M.sub.T=M.sub.H/3
M.sub.M=M.sub.H/3
[0884] Where, the buoyancy F (Positive upward) is as follows.
F=(V.sub.HW.sub.H)+(V.sub.TW.sub.M)+(V.sub.TW.sub.T)(X.sub.B+X.sub.L)
[0885] When expressed in moles, the following comes out.
F+(X.sub.B+X.sub.L)=M.sub.H(1000*Mol/Pm.sub.H)+(1/.sub.T1)M.sub.T*m.sub.T+(1/.sub.M1)M.sub.M*m.sub.M
[0886] If the buoyancies corresponding to pressure P.sub.0 and P.sub.0+P at different depths are F.sub.0, and F.sub.1 the next equations come out.
[0887] The following equation is obtained by incorporating the organic hydride reaction condition.
[0888] P.sub.0 and M.sub.H0 are given as initial values, P is the pressure difference corresponding to the depth difference, F.sub.0 and F.sub.1 are buoyancy at the initial position and the moving destination, and both are set to 0 during the floating and descent process.
[0889] (2) Hydroelectrolysis
[0890] The subscript 0 indicates the initial value and indicates the change from the initial value.
[0891] If the buoyancy corresponding to the pressure P.sub.0 and P.sub.0+P at different depths is F.sub.0 and F.sub.1, the following is equivalent to the organic hydride reaction.
[0892] The reaction condition of the electrolysis of water.
M.sub.T=0
M.sub.M=0
M.sub.W=M.sub.W0M.sub.W
M.sub.H=M.sub.H0+M.sub.H
[0893] to obtain the following formula.
M.sub.H=((1000*Mol*P*M.sub.H0)/(P.sub.0*(P.sub.0+P))+(F.sub.0+F.sub.1)/((1000*Mol/(P.sub.0+P)m.sub.H))(Equation 039)
[0894] As an initial value
M.sub.H0=(F.sub.0+(X.sub.B+X.sub.L)(1/.sub.T1)M.sub.T0*m.sub.T(1/.sub.M1)M.sub.M0*m.sub.M/(1000*Mol/P.sub.0m.sub.H))(Equation 040)
[0895] P.sub.0 and M.sub.H0 are given as initial values, P is the pressure difference corresponding to the depth difference, F.sub.0 and F.sub.1 are buoyancy at the initial position and the moving destination, and both are set to 0 during the floating and descent process.
[0896] 2. Continuous Operation Configuration
[0897] Based on the constraints specified in (Equation 038) (Equation 039) (Equation 040), the operation of the Deepsea Crane and the Seafloor Station operate continuously according to the requirements (1)-(6) of the continuous operation and the operation to collect minerals from the seafloor.
[0898]
[0899]
[0900]
[0901]
[0902]
[0903] The buoyancy of the Seafloor Station 018 varies between 0.2 and 1.5 (The water weight is 0.2 to 1.5) because of the one of the Deepsea Crane 001 changes about 1.0 by the loading of hydrogen gas and the loading of ore. This operation is because if the water weight becomes larger the energy required to float increases, and there may be problems with the holding force of the seafloor ground occur.
[0904] The floating of the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018 require hydrogen gas generation, and pure water is essential for electrolysis. Therefore, the Seafloor Station 018 always needs to hold the necessary pure water and toluene, and the generated MCH is collected at the sea surface when the Deepsea Crane 001 floats up. Environment issue can allow dumping the pure surplus water on the seafloor, but it could not accept releasing toluene and MCH to prevent pollution.
[0905] The solid lines show the units 1 to 4 of the Deepsea Cranes 001 (In
[0906] In
[0907] After the settlement on the seafloor in (1) Ph0 Descending, the Seafloor Station 018 stays there with the water weight (negative buoyancy) until (11) Ph6 Lifting up, except for (6-U) Ph5-D Move Up, (6) Ph5 Move, and (6-U) Ph5-D Move Down.
[0908] Time transition of water weight (negative buoyancy) is as follows below the time axis.
[0909] The following is an explanation of the implementation of 1. Requirements for continuous operation operations (1)-(6) by dividing into (1) Ph0 to (11) Ph6 concerning
[0910] 2.1 Deepsea Crane
[0911]
[0912] Table 02 shows the operation of the seafloor with the depth of 1500 m.
[0913] Table 03 shows the operation of the seafloor with the depth of 1200 m.
[0914] Table 04 shows the operation of the seafloor with the depth of 1800 m.
[0915] Each table shows the gas and liquid composition
[0916] at starting of the descent from the sea surface to the seafloor, at the time of the end of the descent from the sea surface to the seafloor,
[0917] at the time of the start of the floating up from the seafloor to the sea surface,
[0918] and at the time of the arrival at the sea surface.
[0919] Pre-descending Process of the Deepsea Crane (In the figure, marked by J)
[0920] Toluene is consumed in the organic hydride reaction when floating up occurs, so it is replenished at the time of descending. Pure water is replenished for the hydrogen generation used in the floating of the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station 018. The distribution of toluene, pure water, and MCH is determined to the total specific gravity is same as seawater, and is filled at the Surface mother ship 016 by pre-descending preparation (In the figure, J).
[0921] Descending (In the figure, marked by C) No reaction applied
[0922] The Deepsea Crane fills with only liquid without including gas. Therefore, because the specific gravity hardly changes due to the water pressure at the time of descent, it settles down on the seafloor with the same composition without performing an organic hydride reaction or hydrogen generation.
[0923] Rendezvous & Docking (In the figure, marked by I)
[0924] When the Deepsea Crane 001 and the Seafloor Station do the rendezvous and docking, all of the pure water and the part of toluene, descended accompanying with from the
[0925] Deepsea Crane 001, are transferred to the Seafloor Station.
[0926] Since MCH is generated and accumulated at the time of moving and adjusting the buoyancy of the Seafloor Station,
[0927] MCH fills in the Deepsea Crane as much as possible together with the collected ore as the cargo and the hydrogen gas for buoyancy to make the total specific gravity same as the seawater and to start the Deepsea Crane floating up.
[0928] The requirement for the composition of gas and liquid at the time of start of floating is to satisfy the condition that the composition satisfies its pressure and specific gravity are equal to those of the ambient seawater during the lift up process using the organic hydride reaction. Any of the following (a) to (h) is an example to satisfy this condition.
[0929] (a) Table 02 depth 1500 m load weight 100 ton normal mode Floating start.
[0930] (b) Table 02 depth 1500 m load weight 100 ton MCH recovery Mode Floating start
[0931] (c) Table 03 depth 1200 m load weight 100 ton normal mode Floating start.
[0932] (d) Table 03 depth 1200 m load weight 100 ton MCH recovery mode Floating start.
[0933] (e) Table 04 depth 1800 m load weight 100 ton normal mode Floating start.
[0934] (f) Table 04 depth 1800 m load weight 100 ton MCH recovery mode Floating start.
[0935] (g) Table 05 depth 1500 m load weight 11.62 ton toluene total recovery mode Floating start.
[0936] (h) Table 05 Depth 1500 m load weight 31 ton MCH total recovery mode Floating start.
[0937] The amount of consumption of toluene and production of MCH decide their ratio in (a) (c) (e).
[0938] The ratio in (b) (d) (f) is decided to maximize the lifting load avoiding excessive accumulation of MCH at the seafloor. [0939] And in the usual operation. the intermediate value of (a) (c) (e) and (b) (d)(f) is to be selected for the continuous operation.
[0940] The case of (g) is the operation to lift up the maximum capacity of 200 m3 of toluene as all of the liquid compositions except for hydrogen at the expense of the load weight.
[0941] And the case of (h) is the operation to lift up the maximum capacity of 200 m3 of MCH as all of the liquid compositions except for hydrogen at the expense of the load weight.
[0942] Since no gas exists, the numerical values can be intermediate values in an example where excess toluene or MCH can be recovered from the seafloor without hydrogen generation by electrolysis or organic hydride reaction. Thus it is possible to rectify the bias of liquid type generated during continuous operation process.
[0943] (4) Floating up (In the figure, marked by a.) Organic hydride reaction is applied
[0944] The Deepsea Crane 001 reaches the sea surface from the Seafloor Station 018 while maintaining the same pressure and the same specific gravity condition as the surrounding seawater using carrying out organic hydride reaction. The gas and liquid compositions of the Deepsea Crane 001 are as follows.
[0945] Table 02 depth 1500 m load weight 100 ton normal mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0946] Table 02 depth 1500 m load weight 100 ton MCH recovery mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0947] Table 03 depth 1200 m load weight 100 ton normal mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0948] Table 03 depth 1200 m load weight 100 ton MCH recovery mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0949] Table 04 depth 1800 m load weight 100 ton normal mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0950] Table 04 depth 1800 m load weight 100 ton MCH recovery mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0951] Table 05 depth 1500 m load weight 11 62 ton toluene total recovery mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0952] Table 05 depth 1500 m load weight 31, MCH total recovery mode Floating start->sea surface arrival
[0953] (5) Post-floating up Process (In the figure, marked by K)
[0954] When the Deepsea Crane 001 arrives at the Seafloor Station 016, the unloads lifted ore and the MCH, and according to the operation depth the liquid composition of the Deepsea Crane 001 is adjusted to meet start of descent of table 02 to 05 and is descended to the Seafloor Station 018.
[0955] In continuous operation, the above (1)-(5) repeat.
[0956] 2.2 Seafloor Station
[0957] The dotted lines show the underwater behavior of the Seafloor Station 018 in
[0958] (1) Ph0 Descending
[0959] In the part of (1) Ph0 Descending in
[0960] In the part of (1) Ph0 Descending in Table 06, the gas/liquid composition in the column of Start Descending changes to that of Arrival to Seafloor.
[0961] (2) Ph1 Deployment
[0962] In the part of (2) Ph1 Deployment in
[0963] The gas/liquid composition changes from that shown in the column of (1) Ph0 Arrival to Seafloor in Table 06 to that shown in the column of (2) Ph1 Decrease Buoyancy.
[0964] In the part of (2) Ph1 Bulldozer Deployment (in the figure, marked by D) in
[0965] (3) pH2 Ore Collection, Loading (First)
[0966] In the part of (3) Ph2 Ore collection, Loading (First) (in the figure, marked by C, G, H) in
[0967] When the status of the Seafloor Station 018 changes from the column Ore Loading to the column DeepSea Crane Arrival (3) Ph2 in Table 06, there is no change in gas and liquid composition.
[0968] In the figure, at the part where marked by H, the Crane Engine 005 docks to the cargo unit 007 loaded with the collected, thus the Deepsea Crane 001 loads the collected ore and the Seafloor Station 018 transfers the load weigh to the Deepsea Crane 001. The water weight variation of the part marked by H indicates this fact.
[0969] At the part marked by F in the figures, when the Deepsea Crane 001 fills with the hydrogen gas accumulated in the Seafloor Station 018, the specific gravity of the Deepsea Crane 001 becomes the same as that of the surrounding seawater and preparation for floating up is ready. On the other hand, since the Seafloor Station, 018 loses the buoyancy of hydrogen gas, its water weight increases at the portion marked by F H2 Fill up.
[0970] It is the difference at (3) Ph2 in
[0971] (4) PH3 Ore Collection, Loading (Repetition)
[0972] This operation corresponds to (4) Ph3 Ore Collection, Loading (repetition) in
[0973] When a mineral collection is carried out by changing the position at the seafloor, it goes to (5) Ph4 preparation for movement. If the Surface mother ship 016 withdraws the Seafloor Station 018 by floating up to the sea surface, the system goes to (10) Ph4 Preparation for Floating up.
[0974] (5) Ph4 Preparation for Move
[0975] In response to the portion (5) Ph4 Preparation for Move in
[0976] That is, the water weight of the Seafloor Station 018, having increased to settle down to the seafloor, reduces by the hydrogen gas generation (in figure marked by B). And the seafloor bulldozer 019 mounts on the Seafloor Station 018 by itself (In the figure marked by E).
[0977] When the seafloor bulldozer 019 mounts on the Seafloor Station 018, the water weight of the Seafloor Station 018 increases, so that the specific gravity and internal pressure of the entire Seafloor Station 018 become equal to the ambient seawater by generating the hydrogen gas again.
[0978] Increase in buoyancy in Table 06 (5) Ph4, the water weight reduces by hydrogen gas generation, then it increases by Bulldozer withdrawal, and then it comes to 0 by the generation of hydrogen gas again. Thus the preparation for the move is completed.
[0979] (6-U) Ph5-U Move Up
[0980] It is carried out only in the case of moving to a shallower seafloor than the present depth.
[0981] Corresponding to the portion (6-U) Ph5-U Move Up in
[0982] (6) Ph5 Move
[0983] Corresponding to (6) Ph5 Move in
[0984] The operation (6) Ph5 Move in Table 07-09 does not involve changes in gas and liquid composition.
[0985] (6-D) Ph5-D Move Down
[0986] It is carried out only in the case of moving to a deeper seafloor position than the present depth.
[0987] (6-D) Ph5-D Move Down in
[0988] The transition from (6) Ph5 Move to (6-D) Ph5-D Move Down in Table 09 shows the change in gas and liquid composition.
[0989] (7) Ph1 Deployment Corresponds to (2) Ph1 Deployment in
[0990] The same operation as (2) Ph1 Deployment is performed.
[0991] There is no change in gas and liquid composition at (7) Ph1 Decrease Buoyancy, and Bulldozer Deployment in Tables 07 to 09.
[0992] (8) Ph2 Ore Collection, Loading (First)
[0993] Corresponding to (3) Ph2 Ore Collection, Loading (First) in
[0994] Corresponding to Table 07-09 (8) Ph2 Ore Collection, Loading and H2 Fill up, Launching.
[0995] (9) Ph3 Ore Collection, Loading (Repetition)
[0996] Corresponding to (4) Ph3 Ore Collection, Loading (repetition)
[0997] The same operation as (4) Ph3 Ore Collection, Loading (repetition) is carried out. Corresponding to (9) Ph3 Ore Loading/H2 Generation Deepsea Crane Arrival H2 Fill up/Launching in Tables 07 to 09.
[0998] (10) Ph4 Preparation for Floating Up
[0999] Corresponding to Ph4 Preparation in
[1000] Corresponding to Tables 07-09 (10) Increase Buoyancy Bulldozer Withdrawal Increase Buoyancy.
[1001] (11) Ph6 Floating Up
[1002] Corresponding to Ph6 Floating up in
[1003] 2. Improving Efficiency of Continuous Operation
[1004] In the seafloor resource collecting equipment, the overall operational efficiency is improved by allocating a plurality of the Deepsea Crane 001 to the Seafloor Station 018. In the operation of the Deepsea Crane 001, due to the constraints of the reaction time of the organic hydride reaction, a considerable amount of time is needed to float from the seafloor to the sea surface. When the Deepsea Cranes 001 are used repeatedly to harvest ore, the operation of the Deepsea Cranes 001 are carried out by shifting their operation in the time division so that the Deepsea Cranes 001 can be operated in parallel without contention of the resource (pipeline control)
[1005] As shown in
[1012]
[1013] Since the floating up depth is deeper, it takes the longer time for descending and lifting up, each step in
INDUSTRIAL AVAILABILITY
[1014] The seafloor resource lifting apparatus of the present invention collects mineral resources distributed on the seafloor, but does not have a mechanical constraint because it does not include a high-pressure mechanism, and can operate from less than 1000 to 5000 m depth. Hydrogen filling for buoyancy at the seafloor is under the same pressure as water pressure on the seafloor, maintaining the same pressure as the sea water pressure, and there is no stress problem due to pressure. To cope with different seafloor depths in the same yield, the hydrogen buoyancy in the seafloor must be equal, so the number of moles of hydrogen filled and the amount of toluene for hydrogen absorption are increased or decreased. In order to increase or decrease the lift yield within the limit of maximum lift yield, the volume of hydrogen filled on the seafloor is increased and decreased.
[1015] Because of the flexibility in operation, it is possible to selectively move the sea area for high quality minerals selectively and to obtain a profit.
[1016] Hydrogen gas for floating up is generated by electrolysis at the seafloor, but hydrogen gas is recovered as a hydrogen fuel, and the cost of generating electricity can be drastically reduced.
[1017] A solar cell installed as a floating body on the sea surface can generate electricity, which can be used as a plant with a highly economical efficiency, with the simultaneous harvesting of submarine resources and hydrogen energy generation.
[1018] The numerical values shown in the embodiment are intended to indicate feasibility and can scale up or down.