Biomass-based porous carbon composite materials and preparation thereof and application in CO.SUB.2 .adsorption

Abstract

A biomass-based porous carbon composite material and preparation thereof and an application thereof in CO.sub.2 adsorption are provided. In the biomass-based porous carbon composite material, with a pulping black liquid solid as a precursor, by arc treatment, porous carbon structures capable of physically adsorbing CO.sub.2 and basic substances capable of chemically adsorbing CO.sub.2 are obtained; with lignin in the precursor as the carbon source, and sodium hydroxide, sodium salts, and small-molecular carbohydrate degradation products in the precursor as the template and activator, porous carbon structures are obtained by arc thermal carbonization and self-activation; the basic substances are obtained by allowing sodium hydroxide and sodium salts in the precursor to undergo arc thermal decomposition. Further, the present disclosure relates to an application of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material in CO.sub.2 adsorption.

Claims

1. A preparation method of a biomass-based porous carbon composite material, comprising: drying pulping black liquid into a black liquid solid by stirring the pulping black liquid uniformly, and immersing the pulping black liquid in a liquid nitrogen while stirring to quickly freeze the pulping black liquid and then drying by using a freeze-drying method to obtain the black liquid solid, wherein the black liquid solid comprises lignin as carbon source, and sodium hydroxide, sodium salts, and small-molecular carbohydrate degradation products as a template and an activator; under the protection of an inert gas, performing arc carbonization treatment on the black liquid solid to obtain a solid product, wherein an arc current in the arc treatment process is 10 to 1000 A and a processing time is 1 s to 10 min; grinding the solid product to obtain the biomass-based porous carbon composite material, wherein the biomass-based porous carbon composite material comprises porous carbon structures capable of physically adsorbing CO.sub.2 and basic substances capable of chemically adsorbing CO.sub.2.

2. The preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein the pulping black liquid is at least one of soda pulping black liquid, soda anthraquinone pulping black liquid, Kraft pulping black liquid, organosolv pulping black liquid, chemomechanical pulping black liquid, and pulp washing black liquid.

3. The preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein the pulping black liquid is at least one of pulping black liquid from a laboratory, or black liquid from a pulp mill.

4. The preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein the inert gas is selected from the group consisting of carbon dioxide, helium, neon, and argon.

5. The preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein the biomass-based porous carbon composite material has a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity between 5.53 mmol/g and 15.65 mmol/g at a temperature of 0? C.

6. The preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein the basic substances are obtained by allowing sodium hydroxide and sodium salts in the black liquid solid to undergo arc thermal decomposition.

7. The preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein physical properties of the porous carbon structures are controlled by changing carbonization working conditions.

8. The preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material of claim 1, wherein the resulting biomass-based porous carbon composite material is used in CO.sub.2 adsorption.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a CO.sub.2 adsorption curve of a biomass-based porous carbon composite material obtained at the temperature of 0? C. according to an embodiment 3 of the present disclosure.

(2) FIG. 2 is a curve of nitrogen adsorption and desorption of a biomass-based porous carbon composite material obtained according to an embodiment 3 of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(3) Specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described below in combination with drawings.

(4) The present disclosure provides a biomass-based porous carbon composite material.

(5) The porous carbon structures can be controlled by changing carbonization working conditions, for example, by changing a carbonization time duration or an arc current or the like.

(6) The present disclosure further provides a preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material, including: In the present disclosure, with pulping black liquid solid as a precursor, one-step carbonization is performed by arc to obtain a porous carbon composite material for CO.sub.2 adsorption, which avoids the steps and costs of separating, extracting and purifying lignin from the black liquid and achieves the full utilization of pulping black liquid. In this case, the obtained porous carbon composite material has the physical and chemical sites for CO.sub.2 adsorption, leading to good performances.

(7) The technical scheme of the preparation method of the biomass-based porous carbon composite material in the present disclosure will be further described below with specific embodiments.

Embodiment 1

(8) The concentrated Kraft black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 10 min at an arc zone of 10 A under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 11.05 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 2

(9) The concentrated Kraft black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 1 min at an arc zone of 100 A under the atmosphere of helium, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 13.99 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 3

(10) The concentrated Kraft black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 30 s at an arc zone of 200 A under the atmosphere of neon, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 15.65 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 4

(11) The concentrated Kraft black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 1 s at an arc zone of 1000 A under the atmosphere of argon, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 8.63 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 5

(12) The concentrated soda black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 30 s at an arc zone of 200 A under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 12.98 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 6

(13) The dilute soda anthraquinone black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 30 s at an arc zone of 200 A under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 12.03 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 7

(14) The dilute organosolv black liquid from a laboratory was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 30 s at an arc zone of 200 A under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 5.53 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 8

(15) The dilute chemomechanical black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 30 s at an arc zone of 200 A under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 9.62 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

Embodiment 9

(16) The dilute pulp washing black liquid from a pulp mill was used as raw material and made into a black liquid solid by using the freeze-drying method, and then carbonized for 30 s at an arc zone of 200 A under the atmosphere of carbon dioxide, and then a solid product obtained was ground to obtain a porous carbon composite material. The porous carbon composite material had a CO.sub.2 adsorption capacity of 6.96 mmol/g at the temperature of 0? C.

(17) In the above embodiments, arc treatment may be specifically carried out by an arc furnace or the like. The arc zone refers to an arc thermal radiation zone of the arc furnace, that is, a zone where the black liquid solid is subjected to the arc thermal treatment.

(18) As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the porous carbon composite material obtained by performing carbonization of 30 s at an arc zone of 200 A under the atmosphere of neon can perform isothermal adsorption of CO.sub.2 at 15.65 mmol/g under the pressure of 1 bar at the temperature of 0? C. The porous carbon has highly-developed pore structures with micropores and mesopores as main and has a specific surface area of as high as 2001.52 m.sup.2/g.

(19) Furthermore, unless otherwise clearly indicated, the order of processing elements and sequences, use of the digits and letters or use of other names in the present disclosure is not used to limit the order of the flows and methods in the present disclosure. Although some invention embodiments which are thought of as useful now are already discussed by using various examples as mentioned above, it should be understood that such details are only used for the purpose of descriptions and the appended claims are not limited to the disclosed embodiments. To the contrary, the claims are meant to cover all modifications and equivalent combinations consistent with the essence and scope of the embodiments of the present disclosure. For example, although the system components described above can be implemented by hardware device, they can also be implemented only by software solution, for example, the described systems are installed on the existing server or mobile device.

(20) Finally, it should be understood that the embodiments in the present disclosure are used only to describe the principle of the embodiments of the present disclosure and other variations may also fall within the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, as an example rather than limiting, the substitute configurations of the embodiments of the present disclosure can be deemed as consistent with the teaching of the present disclosure. Correspondingly, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to the embodiments clearly introduced and described in the present disclosure.