Natural formulations

Abstract

Provided is an all natural composition including naturally-obtained plant extracts.

Claims

1. A personal-care foaming composition, comprising: a naturally-obtained saponin material present in an amount ranging from 5 to 20 wt %, wherein the saponin material comprises an extract from Sapindus mukorossi; at least one naturally-obtained thickening agent selected from the group consisting of Xanthan gum, Carrageenan gum, Konjac gum, Veegum, bentoine, gum Arabic, Guar gum, and starch; at least one naturally-obtained humectant selected from the group consisting of betaine, natural urea, lactic acid, colloidal oat meal, glycerin, sorbitol, mannitol, honey, Aloe vera, shea butter, and hyaluronic acid; an effective amount of at least one naturally-obtained preservative being a Populus extract, a Lonicera extract, Wasabia extract, and Salix extract; and at least one naturally-obtained additive selected from the group consisting of lecithin, egg-yolk oil, tocopherol (vitamin E), a phospholipid, almond oil, jojoba oil, squalene, lanoline, taurocholate, candelilla wax, bees wax, and any combination thereof.

2. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the saponin-material is provided in the form of an extract, the extract comprising between 0.2% and 95 wt % saponins out of the total weight of the dry content of the extract.

3. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the saponin material is obtained by extraction from a plant source, said extraction process being carried out by water, alcohol or a water/alcohol solution.

4. The composition according to claim 3, wherein the water/alcohol solution has a water:alcohol ratio of from 80:20 to 20:80 or from 60:40 to 40:60 or from 70:30 to 30:70 or is of a ratio 50:50.

5. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the saponin material is extracted from a plant source following a method comprising: 1. treating the plant source in a water:alcohol solution having a water:alcohol ratio of from 40:60 to 60:40 for a period of time and under conditions permitting extraction of the saponin material from said plant source into said solution; 2. optionally drying said saponin-containing solution to obtain a saponin-containing solid material; and 3. optionally, purifying said saponin-containing solid material.

6. The composition according to claim 1, comprising at least one natural surfactant or bio-surfactant.

7. The composition according to claim 6, wherein the at least one natural surfactant is a phospholipid.

8. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one naturally-obtained moisturizer.

9. The composition according to claim 1, further comprising at least one natural additive selected from the group consisting of anti-irritation plant extracts and amongst anti-oxidation plant extracts.

10. The composition according to claim 1, wherein the naturally-obtained preservative material comprises a Lonicera extract as an extract of Lonicera japonica, a Populus extract as an extract of Populus tremuloides, a Wasabia extract as an extract of Wasabia japonica and a Salix extract as an extract of Salix alba.

11. The composition according to claim 1, the composition being selected from the group consisting of a shampoo, a conditioning shampoo, a hair conditioner, a moisturizing cream, a deodorant, soap, a liquid soap, a body wash, a moisturizing body wash, a shower gel, a skin cleanser, a cleansing milk, hair care cream or soap, intimate wash, a makeup remover, hair and body wash, in shower body moisturizer, a pet shampoo, a shaving preparation, a shaving foam, a toothpaste, and a mouthwash.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Examples

Example 1: Novel Saponin Material

(1) Extraction of Sapindus mukorossi by Ethanol/Water Mixtures Determination of Foaming and Surface Tension Properties

Experiment A

(2) 100 grams of dried pericarp of Sapindus mukorossi were dipped in 1000 ml distilled water in a mechanical stirrer, over night, at room temperature. The solution was filtered through Whatman 1, (Qualitative 110 mm100 circles). The water mixture was expelled by Spray Dryer (SD-05, LabPlant, UK, pump rate: 0.01, inlet temperature 120 C., powdered temperature 70 C. and a white-brown powder was obtained. In order to measure the surface tension, the dry powder was dissolved in distilled water to form a concentration of 1 wt %. The same procedure was repeated with various ethanol/water mixtures.

(3) Surface tension measurements were performed with an MGW-Lauda tensiometer (Lauda, Knigshofen, Germany) equipped with a platinum plate. Each data point corresponds to the average of three measurements after a sufficient rest for equilibration. The same procedure was repeated with various ethanol/water mixtures.

(4) The surface tension was measured and the results were as described in Table 1:

(5) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 1 Surface tension for the various ethanol/water extraction products water/ethanol surface tension mixture (mN/m) 100:0 43 80:20 48 60:40 44 50:50 36 40:60 35 20:80 39.5 0:100 40
Foaming properties of a solution of 1 wt % of the extract of the invention in water were measured by shaking 10 ml of the solution five times in a 100 ml covered glass cylinder. The volume of the generated foam was measured. Another method for measuring the foaming was performed by Moulinex LM240 blender at a maximum speed of 10 seconds for 80 ml solution. The generated foam was transferred to glass cylinder and measured. The same procedure was repeated with extracts obtained by various ethanol/water mixtures.

(6) It was further found that a decrease in the surface tension led to an increase in the foaming ability and stability. The lowest surface tension was obtained when the plants were extracted by 60 wt % of ethanol and 40 wt % water or 50 wt % of ethanol and 50 wt % water.

(7) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 2 Foaming as a function of the water/ethanol mixture water/ethanol mixture Foam by blender (ml) 100/0 230 (6) 50/50 265 (7) 80/20 220 (10)

(8) As may be noted from Table 2, the extract of the invention demonstrated even better foaming properties as compared to extracts obtained from the same plant source by similar methods.

Experiment B

(9) 100 grams of dried pericarp of Sapindus Mukorossi were dipped in 400 ml water/ethanol 100:0 (only water), 80:20, 30:70, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 70:30, 20:80 or 0:100 (ethanol 200 proof) (wt %/wt %) in a shaker (Innova 4000 incubator shaker, New Brunswick scientific, Edison, N.J. USA, rpm 183), for two hours. The shaker was heated to 60 C. The solution was filtered through Whatman 1, (Qualitative 110 mm 100 circles). Then, the water mixture was expelled by Spray Dryer (SD-05, LabPlant, UK, pump rate: 0.01, inlet Temperature 120 C., powdered Temp 70 C.), and white-brown powdered was obtained.

Experiment C

(10) 100 grams of dried pericarp of Sapindus Mukorossi were dipped in 400 ml water/ethanol 50:50 (wt %/wt %) in a shaker (Innova 4000 incubator shaker, New Brunswick scientific, Edison, N.J. USA, rpm 183), for two, four or six hours. The shaker was heated to 60 C. The solution was filtered through Whatman 1, Qualitative 110 mm 100 circles). Then, the water mixture was expelled by Spray Dryer (SD-05, LabPlant, UK, pump rate: 0.01, inlet temperature 120 C., powdered Temp 70 C.), and white-brown powdered was obtained. The yield was measured at between 17 and 31%.

Experiment D

(11) 100 grams of a seed cake of Camellia oleifera were dipped in 400 ml water/ethanol 50:50 (wt %/wt %) in a shaker (Innova 4000 incubator shaker, New Brunswick scientific, Edison, N.J. USA, rpm 183), for two, four or six hours. The shaker was heated to 60 C. The solution was filtered through Whatman 1, Qualitative 110 mm 100 circles). Then, the water mixture was expelled by Spray Dryer (SD-05, LabPlant, UK, pump rate: 0.01, inlet temperature 120 C., powdered Temp 70 C.), and white-brown powdered was obtained. The yield was measured at between 17 and 22%.

(12) The chemical composition of the saponin extract of the invention was evaluated as follows. HPLC analysis was performed on Accela High Speed LC system (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) which consisted of Accela Pump, Accela Autosampler and Accela PDA detector.

(13) Accela LC system was coupled with the LTQ Orbitrap Discovery hybrid FT mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) equipped with an electrospray ionization ion source. Mass spectrometer was operated in the negative ionization mode, ion source parameters were as follows: spray voltage 3.5 kV, capillary temperature 250 C., capillary voltage 35 V, source fragmentation was disabled, sheath gas rate (arb) 30, and auxiliary gas rate (arb) 10. Mass spectra were acquired in the m/z 200 to 2000 Da range.

(14) The LC-MS system was controlled and data were analyzed using Xcalibur software (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.).

(15) The chemical composition of a fraction of the saponin extract of the invention is listed in Table 3 below:

(16) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 3 The chemical composition of a saponin extract according to the present invention Atomic Retention Time (TIC), composition min Measured mass of [M H].sup. 22.49, 22.86 1015.4620 C.sub.45H.sub.75O.sub.25 22.60, 22.89, 23.27 1147.5026 C.sub.50H.sub.83O.sub.29 22.38, 22.90 1277.5641 C.sub.56H.sub.93O.sub.32 23.04, 26.05 1161.5203 C.sub.51H.sub.85O.sub.29 23.07, 25.91 1259.4937 C.sub.65H.sub.79O.sub.25 23.18, 24.30 853.4085 C.sub.39H.sub.65O.sub.20 23.24 985.4514 C.sub.44H.sub.73O.sub.24 23.70, 23.88 1243.4983 C.sub.65H.sub.79O.sub.24 24.24 1163.5364 C.sub.51H.sub.87O.sub.29 24.34, 25.7, 27.5, 27.8, 1203.5301 C.sub.53H.sub.87O.sub.30 28.3, 28.9 25.1, 26.4, 26.99 1187.5352 C.sub.53H.sub.87O.sub.29 24.9, 25.04 1159.5029 C.sub.51H.sub.83O.sub.29 25.42 1205.5422 C.sub.53H.sub.89O.sub.30 25.76, 27.11, 27.65, 27.9 1043.4918 C.sub.47H.sub.79O.sub.25 23.04, 26.0 1161.5186 C.sub.51H.sub.85O.sub.29 26.05, 27.36, 27.6, 28.1 1189.5522 C.sub.53H.sub.89O.sub.29 26.13, 26.61, 26.89 1041.4762 C.sub.47H.sub.77O.sub.25 24.51, 24.86, 26.25, 26.78, 1173.5198 C.sub.52H.sub.85O.sub.29 27.16 26.79 1201.5125 C.sub.53H.sub.85O.sub.30 24.97, 25.15, 26.35, 27.0 1285.5087 C.sub.67H.sub.81O.sub.25 27.17 707.3495 C.sub.33H.sub.55O.sub.16 27.70 1337.6369 C.sub.63H.sub.101O.sub.30 28.10 691.3550 C.sub.33H.sub.55O.sub.15 26.5, 27.0, 27.7, 28.3, 28.5, 1229.5438 C.sub.55H.sub.89O.sub.30 29.0, 29.5, 29.7, 30.2 28.7, 29.2, 29.9, 30.5, 31.1, 1271.5555 C.sub.57H.sub.91O.sub.31 31.6, 31.8, 32.4 27.93, 28.47, 29.12, 29.35, 1085.5017 C.sub.49H.sub.81O.sub.26 30.19, 30.72 29.6, 29.79, 30.74 1245.5395 C.sub.55H.sub.89O.sub.31 30.35, 30.65, 31.7, 31.9 1285.5344 C.sub.57H.sub.89O.sub.32 31.11, 31.6, 32.23, 33.3 1313.5664 C.sub.59H.sub.93O.sub.32 30.0, 31.25 1273.5703 C.sub.57H.sub.93O.sub.31 31.39, 32.27, 32.61 1127.5128 C.sub.51H.sub.83O.sub.27 31.81, 33.09 1287.5518 C.sub.57H.sub.91O.sub.32 33.67, 34.76, 35.82, 37.02 1355.5768 C.sub.61H.sub.95O.sub.33 38.8-39.2 941.5156 C.sub.41H.sub.81O.sub.23 39.37 1071.5739 C.sub.54H.sub.87O.sub.21 39.53, 39.95 953.131 C.sub.49H.sub.77O.sub.18 40.2, 40.7, 41.1, 41.7, 43.1 863.4821 C.sub.46H.sub.71O.sub.15 42.73 603.3905 C.sub.35H.sub.55O.sub.8
Sapindus Extract Composition

(17) The extracted powder of Sapindus mukorossi was further analyzed to identify its components.

(18) The saponins and glycosides were analyzed by HPLC and LC-MS. The HPLC (Surveyor, Thermo, Calif., USA) was configured using Luna 5 C18 (2) 100A (Phenomenex 00G-4252-E0). Saponins and glycosides were eluted from 16% acetonitrile and 84% water to 84% acetonitrile and 16% water with a 60-minute gradient. The flow rate was of 1 mL/minutes. Accela LC system was coupled with the LTQ Orbitrap Discovery hybrid FT mass spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.) equipped with an electrospray ionization ion source. Mass spectrometer was operated in the negative ionization mode, ion source parameters were as follows: spray voltage 3.5 kV, capillary temperature 250 C., capillary voltage 35 V, source fragmentation was disabled, sheath gas rate (arb) 30, and auxiliary gas rate (arb) 10. Mass spectra were acquired in the m/z 200 to 2000 Da range. The LC-MS system was controlled and data were analyzed using Xcalibur software (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.).

(19) Saponins and glycosides content and identification: HPLC and LC-MS studies showed that the main glycosides present in the Sapindus mukorossi extract were saponins derived from the triterpenes hederagenin and oleanolic acid, as well as acyclic sesquiterpene oligoglycosides (ASOG's). In the extract obtained from 50:50 wt % water/ethanol, the saponins content was 20 wt % (+10%), and the ASOG's content was 25 wt % (+10%). This saponin-rich extract is an extract according to the invention.

Example 2: Evaluations of Sapindus mukorossi Extract Concentrations in Water

(20) (I) Sapindus mukorossi Extract 5 Wt %

(21) A cleansing composition: 5 grams of an extract powder from Sapindus Mukorossi dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until a clear solution was formed. The extractions conditions was: extraction by ethanol/water 50:50 v %/v % at 60 C., the nuts/extraction solvent ratio 1:4, for 6 hours) and 0.5 ml NaHCO.sub.3 1M were added to the final extract.

(22) Foamingsolution of 1 wt % of the extract in water was shaken five times in a glass cylinder as described above. The volume of the generated foam was measured. Another method for measuring the foaming was performed by Moulinex LM240 blender at a maximum speed of 10 seconds for 80 ml solution and measured in a glass cylinder, and the foaming results are detailed in Table 4 below.

(23) (II) Sapindus mukorossi Extract 10 Wt %

(24) 10 grams of extract powder from Sapindus mukorossi (extraction by ethanol/water 50:50 wt %/wt % at 60 C., nuts/extraction solvent 1:4, for 6 hours,) and 1 ml of NaHCO.sub.3 1M were dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until a clear solution was formed. The foaming was evaluated as mentioned above, and the foaming results are detailed in Table 4 below.

(25) (III) Sapindus mukorossi Extract 15 Wt %

(26) 15 grams of extract powder from Sapindus Mukorossi (extraction by 50 wt % ethanol and 50 wt % water, 60 C. the nuts/extraction solvent 1:4, for 6 hours) and 1.5 ml of NaHCO.sub.3 1M were dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until clear solution was formed. The foaming was evaluated as mentioned above, and the foaming results are detailed in Table 4 below.

(27) (IV) Sapindus mukorossi Extract 20 Wt %

(28) 20 grams of extract powder from Sapindus mukorossi (extraction by 50 wt % ethanol and 50 wt % water, 60 C., nuts/extraction solvent 1:4, for 6 hours) and 1.5 ml of NaHCO.sub.3 1M were dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until clear solution was formed. The foaming was evaluated as mentioned above, and the foaming results are detailed in Table 4 below.

(29) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 4 Foaming as a function of Sapindus mukorossi extract concentration Foam volume Foam volume by Formulation by shaking (ml) blender (ml) 5 wt % Sapindus mukorossi extract 40 (1) 227 (7) 10 wt % Sapindus mukorossi extract 40 (4) 270 (7) 15 wt % Sapindus mukorossi extract 46 (4) 350 (10) 20 wt % Sapindus mukorossi extract 50 (4) 390 (10)

(30) As the results indicate, all four formulations tested exhibited foaming necessary for certain formulations in accordance with the invention.

Example 3: Evaluations of Saponin Extract from Different Plants

(31) In order to compare the foaming ability of the extract of the invention to commercially available saponins and to saponins obtained by methods different from that of Example 1 above, 1 wt % of calculated saponins from the plants: Sapindus mukorossi, Soy (Jieliang Extract LTD, China), Yucca (Sinerga, Italia), Fenugreek (Natural Remedies, India), tribulus (Natural Remedies, India), and Quillaja (Desert King, Chile), and synthetic surfactant; decyl glycoside (Cognis, Germany) were dispersed in 100 grams distilled water and mixed at room temperature until clear solution was formed (Soy, Fenugreek and tribulus are not well soluble). The foaming was evaluated as mentioned above, and the foaming results are detailed in Table 5 below.

(32) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 5 Foaming as a function of the saponin extracts from different plants Foam volume by Foam volume Extract shaking (ml) by blender (ml) 1 wt % saponins from Yucca extract 19 (2) 197 (5) 1 wt % saponins from Fenugreek 16 (2) 170 (5) extract 1 wt % saponins from Soy extract 18 (1) 185 (5) 1 wt % saponins from tribulus 20 (2) 170 (5) extract 1 wt % saponins from Quillaja 21 (2) 232 (10) extract 1 wt % saponins from Sapindus 63 (2) 390 (17) Mukorossi extract - prepared according to Example 1 1 wt % Decyl glycoside 57 (5) 420 (15)

(33) As can been seen from Table 5, the best foaming capability was obtained when using the Sapindus Mukorossi extract prepared according to Example 1, even in compared to the synthetic surfactant decyl glucoside.

(34) The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 4: Formulation Containing Betaine, Gum Arabic and Sorbitol with Sapindus Mukorossi Extract. Effect on the Foaming, Body, Hand Smooth, Dryness and after Feel

(35) Betaine

(36) 8 grams of betaine in a powder form and 20 grams of Sapindus Mukorossi extract (extracted by 50 wt % ethanol and 50 wt % water, 60 C., nuts/extraction solvent 1:4, for 6 hours) together with 2 ml of NaHCO.sub.3 1M were separately dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until two clear solutions were formed. Then, the two solutions were mixed together at amounts of 10 wt % Sapindus extract and 4 wt % betaine and stirred for two hours, at room temperature.

(37) The following formulations were tested on 5 adults volunteers (men and woman). The volunteers washed they hand with the formulation using a foam pump (WaterGuard line, Rexam, UK). After washing the volunteers graded the following criteria.

(38) The following properties of the personal care formulations have been tested:

(39) The smoothness, body (reflects the consistency of the composition), dryness and after feel (reflects sensory feeling of fresh and clean appearance, silky, and soft after-feeling) were assessed by 5 volunteers after washing hands (or hair).

(40) The evaluation criteria were as follows:

(41) 5: excellent smoothness, foam body, foam stability and excellent after feel

(42) 4: good smoothness, body, foam stability and good after feel

(43) 3: some smoothness, body, foam stability and some after feel

(44) 2: poor smoothness, body, foam stability and poor after feel

(45) 1: no smoothness, body, foam stability and no after feel

(46) The results are shown in Table 6.

(47) Gum Arabic (1 wt %)

(48) Two grams of gum Arabic in a powder form and 20 grams of Sapindus mukorossi extract (extracted by 50% ethanol in water, powder/extraction solvent 1:4, 60 C., for 6 hours) together with 2 ml of NaHCO.sub.3 1M were separately dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until two clear solutions were formed. Then, the two solutions were mixed together at amounts of 10 wt % Sapindus mukorossi extract and 1 wt % gum Arabic and stirred for two hours, at room temperature.

(49) The foaming and the shampoo properties were evaluated as previously described. Results are the results are shown in Table 6.

(50) Gum Arabic (3 wt %)

(51) 6 grams of gum Arabic in a powder form and 20 grams of Sapindus mukorossi extract (extracted by 50 wt % ethanol in water, 60 C., the powder/extraction solvent ratio 1:4, for 6 hours) together with 2 ml of NaHCO.sub.3 1M were separately dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until two clear solutions were formed. Then, the two solutions were mixed together at amounts of 10 wt % Sapindus Mukorossi extract and 3 wt % gum Arabic and stirred for two hours, at room temperature.

(52) The foaming and the shampoo properties were evaluated as previously described. Results are shown in Table 6.

(53) Sorbitol

(54) 10 grams of sorbitol form and 20 grams Sapindus Mukorossi extract (extraction by 50% ethanol, nuts/extraction solvent 4:1, 60 C., for 6 hours) were separately dispersed in 100 ml distilled water and mixed at room temperature until two clear solutions were formed. Then, the two solutions were mixed together at amounts of 10 wt % Sapindus mukorossi extract and 5 wt % sorbitol and stirred for two hours, at room temperature.

(55) The foaming and the formulation properties were evaluated as described before. Results are shown in Table 6.

(56) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 6 The foaming as a function of different ingredients at different concentrations Foam Foam height by height by Smooth- shaking blender ness After (ml) (ml) Body on hands dryness feel Sapindus 40 (4) 270 (7) 2 2 2 2 10% Sapindus + 42 (4) 290 (2) 3 3 3 2.5 betaine 10/4 Sapindus + 35 (4) 268 (2) 3 3.5 3 3 GA 10/1 Sapindus + 38 (6) 270 (2) GA 10/3 Sapindus + 45 (4) 270 (5) 3 3 3 3 sorbitol 10/5

(57) As shown in Table 6, the addition of betaine, gum Arabic (GA) and sorbitol did not cause significant deterioration in foam heights. However, it was found that, the body of the foam, the smooth-on-hand feeling, and the after feel were much better when betaine, GA or sorbitol were added, as compared to samples with only 10 wt % Sapindus mukorossi extract.

(58) The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 5: Formulations Containing Varying Amounts of Sapindus Extracts: Effect On Shampoo Performance

(59) The effect of the Sapindus mukorossi extract concentration on the shampoo performance was tested as described in Example 4. The shampoo was prepared as set forth in Table 7.

(60) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 7 Shampoo composition with varying amounts of Sapindus Mukorossi Extract Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Exp. 3 Concentration (% wt) (% wt) (% wt) Extract of Sapindus 10 15 20 Mukorossi (ex. 2, 6 h) Betaine 4 4 4 Sorbitol 5 5 5 Gum Arabic 1 1 1 Konjac gum 0.375 0.375 0.375 Guar gum 0.375 0.375 0.375 Whey protein 1 1 1 Water 58.25 63.25 68.25

(61) The shampoo formulation of Table 7 was tested as described in Example 4. The results of foaming and after feel obtained for the shampoo compositions 1 to 3 of Table 7 are summarized in Table 8 below.

(62) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 8 Properties defined for Shampoo formulation of Table 6 Smooth Foam Ease of rinsing After Body On hand stability easily feel 10% Sapindus 2 2 2 4 2 extract 1 3 4-5 4-5 4 3 2 3 4-5 4 4 3 3 3-4 4-5 4 4 3

(63) The results demonstrate that there was some improvement in the feel of the composition when the concentration of the Sapindus mukorossi extract was increased from 10 to 20% wt, but the foam body improved more significantly upon an increase in the Sapindus mukorossi concentration.

(64) The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 6: Shampoo Formulations Comprising Various Sapindus mukorossi Extracts

(65) The effect of the Sapindus mukorossi extraction process as described in Example 1 on the shampoo performance was tested as a shampoo on babies' heads and evaluated as described at Example 4. The shampoo was prepared as set forth in Table 8, with different Sapindus mukorossi extracts according to Table 9.

(66) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 9 Various extractions employed in the preparation of shampoo formulations tested Exp. 1 2 3 3 5 6 7 Water/ethanol wt ratio 70:30 50:50 30:70 50:50 50:50 50:50 50:50 Extraction time (hr) 2 2 2 4 6 2 2 Extraction Temp. 60 60 60 60 60 40 60 ( C.) Extraction pH 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 7

(67) The average overall score by 5 volunteers using the shampoo compositions are listed in Table 10.

(68) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 10 Properties defined for Shampoo formulations of Table 9 Ex. Smooth On Ease of rinsing # Body hair Foam stability easily After feel 1 4 4 4 5 4 2 4 4.5 5 5 4 3 4 4.5 4.5 5 4 4 4 4.5 4.5 5 4 5 4 4 4 5 4 6 4 4.5 4.5 4 4 7 4 4 4.5 5 4

(69) Therefore, the best performance of the shampoo is obtained from the saponins extracts as described in the above table, Example 2, extraction by water/ethanol 50/50.

(70) The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 7: Shampoo Formulations Containing Various Saponin Types

(71) The effect of the saponin material extracted from different plants was tested was tested as described in Example 4. The shampoo included the components set forth in Table 11.

(72) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 11 Shampoo base formulation for use with various saponins Concentration (wt %) Saponins extract 5 Betaine 4 Sorbitol 5 Gum Arabic 2 xanthan gum 0.3 NaCl 1 Water 82.7

(73) The shampoo composition detailed in Table 11 was prepared using different saponin extracts, as detailed in Table 12. The body, foaming, smoothness and after feel properties as a function of the type of saponin extract were evaluated by 5 volunteers, as described in Example 4. The results are tabulated in Table 12.

(74) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 12 Shampoo properties as a function of the saponins source Plant source of the Foam saponins extract Body Smoothness stability After feel Yucca 2 3 3 3 Fenugreek 1 3 2 3 Tribulus 1 3 2 3 Quillaja 4 3 4 2 Soy 1 4 2 3 Sapindus mukorossi 4 4 4 3-4

(75) While the use of all saponin materials afforded excellent shampoo compositions, as can be seen from Table 12, the best quality shampoo was obtained by using the saponin extract according to the present invention (from Sapindus mukorossi).

(76) The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 8: Formulations Containing Polysaccharides and Humectants

(77) The effect of polysaccharides and humectants on the formulations of the invention was tested in the following shampoo formulations. In each test, one of the ingredients was replaced by water, as described in Table 13. The preparation of the shampoo was performed according to Example 5. The shampoo properties were evaluated as described before in Example 4.

(78) TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 13 Formulations with polysaccharides and polyols 1 2 3 4 5 6 Concentration (% wt) (% wt) (% wt) (% wt) (% wt) (% wt) Extract of 10 10 10 10 10 10 Sapindus Mukorossi (example 2, 6 h) Betaine 0 4 4 4 4 4 Sorbitol 5 5 0 5 5 5 Gum Arabic 1 0 1 1 1 1 Konjac gum 0.375 0.375 0.375 0 0.375 0.375 Guar gum 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0.375 0 Whey protein 1 1 1 1 0 1 Water 82.25 79.25 83.25 78.6 79.25 78.6

(79) The results of foaming and after feel are shown in Table 14.

(80) TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 14 Properties defined for the shampoo formulations of Table 12 Smooth Foam Rinsed After Experiment Body On hand stability easily feel 1 3 4 3 4 3 2 2-3 4 3-4 4 2-3 3 3 3-4 3-4 4 3 4 2-3 3-4 4 4 3-4 5 3 3 4 4 3 6 3-4 2 4 4 2

(81) The results presented in Table 14 demonstrate that when guar gum or gum Arabic were not included in the composition, the smoothness and the after feel of the composition were inferior. When konjac gum was not included, the decrease in the smoothness was less significant, and when betaine, or sorbitol, or gum Arabic were not included in the composition, the foam stability was decreased.

(82) The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 9: Formulations Containing Gum Arabic at Varying Concentrations

(83) The effect of gum Arabic concentration on performance was tested in the shampoo formulations of Example 5.

(84) The shampoo was prepared with or without gum Arabic as shown in Table 15.

(85) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 15 Composition with/without gum Arabic Without With Arabic gum Arabic gum Concentration (% wt) (% wt) Extract of Sapindus 10 10 Mukorossi (Example 2, 6 h) Betaine 4 4 Sorbitol 5 5 Gum Arabic 0 4 Konjac gum 0.375 0.375 Guar gum 0.375 0.375 Whey protein 1 1 Water 58.25 63.25

(86) The results of the experiment, as set forth in Table 15, demonstrate that an increase in the gum Arabic concentration from 0 to 4% resulted in an improvement in the body and in the foam stability. However, for some other formulations of the invention, gum Arabic was not necessary.

(87) TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 16 properties defined for the formulations of Table 15 Smooth Foam After Exp. Body On hand stability feel Without Arabic gum 2-3 4 3-4 2-3 With Arabic gum 4 4 4 3
The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 10: Formulations Containing Various Betaine Concentrations

(88) The effect of betaine concentration on performance was tested in the following shampoo formulations. The results are shown in Table 17.

(89) TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 17 Shampoo compositions with varied concentrations of betaine Betaine Concentration 2% wt 4% wt 8% wt Extract of Sapindus 10 10 10 mukorossi % wt Betaine % wt 2 4 8 Sorbitol % wt 5 5 5 Gum Arabic % wt 1 1 1 Konjac gum % wt 0.375 0.375 0.375 Guar gum % wt 0.375 0.375 0.375 Whey protein % wt 1 1 1 Water % wt 58.25 58.25 63.25

(90) The performance of the shampoo compositions of Table 17 were evaluated as described in Example 4 and the results are presented in Table 18.

(91) TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 18 Shampoo properties Smooth After Experiments Body on hand Foam stability feel No betaine 3 4 3 3 Betaine 4 3-4 3 3 (2% wt) Betaine 3-4 4 4 4 (4% wt) Betaine 4-5 4 4 3 (8% wt)

(92) The results indicate that an increase in the betaine concentration resulted in a slight improvement in the body and in the foam stability and after feel.

(93) The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 11: Formulations Comprising Konjac Gum TG

(94) In order to assess the effect of the Konjac gum and TG was tested as described in Example 4. In Experiment 1, the shampoo was prepared with 0.375 wt % kanjac mannan gel, in Experiment 2 the shampoo was prepared with 0.375 wt % kanjac mannan powder food and in Experiment 3, the shampoo was prepared with 0.375 wt % tragacanth gum (TG) instead of konjac gum (Table 19).

(95) TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 19 Shampoo formulation comprising TG and Konjac gum Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Exp. 3 Concentration (% wt) (% wt) (% wt) Extract of Sapindus 20 20 20 mukorossi Betaine 4 4 4 Sorbitol 5 5 5 Gum Arabic 1 1 1 Guar gum 0.375 0.375 0.375 Konjac mannan gel 0.375 0 0 Konjac mannan 0 0.375 0 TG 0 0 0.375 Water 69.625 69.625 69.625

(96) The results as set forth in Table 20 show that addition of konjac mannan food and TG increased the shampoo quality, especially by increasing the smoothness in the hand.

(97) TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 20 Shampoo properties Smooth On Foam After Experiments Body hand stability feel 1 4 4 4 4 2 4 5 4 4 3 4 4-5 4 4
The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 12: Formulations Comprising NaCl

(98) The effect of a salt such as NaCl on the shampoo performance was tested in the following shampoo formulations (Table 21).

(99) TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 21 Shampoo composition Concentration (% wt) Extract of Sapindus Mukorossi (ex. 2, 6 h) 20 Betaine 2 Sorbitol 2.5 Gum Arabic 2 Guar gum 0.5 TG 0.2 Konjac mannan powder food 0.2 NaCl 1 Water 71.6

(100) The results as set forth in Table 22 show that the addition of NaCl provided the shampoo with good body, smoothness, foam stability and after feel.

(101) TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 22 Shampoo properties Foam After Body Smoothness stability feel Without NaCl 4 4-5 4 4 With NaCl 4-5 4-5 4 4
The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 13: Formulations Comprising Phospholipids

(102) The effect of phospholipids (PHOSPHOLIPON 50, Lipoid, Germany) on the performance was tested in the following shampoo formulation (Table 23).

(103) TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 23 Shampoo composition Concentration (% wt) Extract of Sapindus Mukorossi 20 Betaine 2 Sorbitol 2.5 Gum Arabic 2 Guar gum 0.5 TG 0.2 Konjac mannan 0.2 NaCl 1 Phospholipids 1 Water 70.6

(104) The results as set forth in Table 24 show that addition of phospholipids provided shampoo with good foam stability and after feel, and improved wetting of hair.

(105) TABLE-US-00029 TABLE 24 Shampoo properties Smooth Smooth On Foam After Body On hair hand stability feel Without 4 3 3-4 4 4 Phospholipids With 3-4 4 3-4 4-5 4 Phospholipids
The formulation of the present example has also been prepared with Aspen bark extract.

Example 14: Formulations Comprising Oils Such as Jojoba Oil

(106) The effect of jojoba oil on performance was tested in the following shampoo formulation (Table 25). The preparation of the shampoo is as previously described.

(107) TABLE-US-00030 TABLE 25 Shampoo composition Concentration (% wt) Extract of Sapindus Mukorossi 20 Betaine 2 Sorbitol 2.5 Gum Arabic 2 Guar gum 0.5 TG 0.2 Konjac mannan powder food 0.2 NaCl 1 Jojoba oil 0.3 Water 70.6

(108) The results as set forth in Table 26 show that addition of Jojoba oil provided a shampoo with good smoothness and after feel. It should be noted that although it is known that oils interfere with foaming, surprisingly the jojoba oil did not cause a significant deterioration in the foam properties, while providing an improvement in the after feel and smooth feeling during application.

(109) TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 26 Shampoo properties Smooth Foam After Body On hand stability feel Without oil 4 3-4 4 4 With oil 3-4 4-5 3-4 4-5

Example 15: Shampoos with Rhamnolipids

(110) The following shampoo formulations were prepared and tested on 5 babies' heads as a used in commercial shampoo.

(111) TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 27 Shampoo composition Concentration (% wt) Composition Exp. 1 Exp. 2 Exp. 3 Exp. 4 an aqueous-ethanolic extract of 15 15 20 20 Sapindus Mukorossi an aqueous-ethanolic extract of 5 5 0 0 Camellia oleifera Betaine 4 4 4 4 Sorbitol 5 5 5 5 Gum Arabic 2 1 1 1 Konjac mannan 0.2 0 0.2 0.30 Guar gum 0.375 0 0.375 0 TG 0.2 0 0.2 0 Xanthan gum 0 0.3 0 0 Alga gel 0 0.3 0 0.3 NaCl 1 1 1 1 Rhamnolipids 1 2 2 1 Phospholipids 1 0 0 2 Jojoba oil 0.1 0 0 0.5 Preservative 1 1 1 1 Perfume 1 1 1 1 Water 63.12 64.4 64.22 62.9

(112) The addition Rhamnolipids, a biosurfactant, dramatically improved the wetting on hair. Further, hair and hands washed with the above four compositions of cleaning formulations showed excellent cleaning, foaming and good shine and it was easy to comb the hair after shampooing.

Example 16: Haemolysis Test

(113) Haemolysis test (which serves as a model for eye irritation) was conducted in order to determine the safety of the products of the invention in comparison to the commercial surfactant SLES (sodium lauryl ether sulfate).

(114) Preparation of the Erythrocyte Suspension:

(115) erythrocytes of sheep blood were separated by centrifugation at 1250 g, for 15 minutes at room temperature, washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline solution (PBS, pH 7.4), and centrifuged twice under the same condition. The blood volume was completed with PBS. This suspension was maintained at 4 C. for up to three days.

(116) The Assay Procedure:

(117) 20 l of each sample were diluted up to 2 ml of the suspension, and were incubated with for 30 minutes in ice. The incubation was terminated by a rapid, high-speed (1800 g) centrifugation for 30 minutes. The extent of haemolysis was determined in spectrophotometrically at 540 nm against a blank (PBS). The extent of haemolysis, expressed as a percentage, was calculated as the absorbance of an erythrocyte suspension incubated with each product, relative to that of a completely haemolysed control (100%, at distilled water) at 540 nm. The Hm50 (50% haemolysis) was determined from concentrationresponse curves.

(118) TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 28 Hm.sub.50 of Sapindus extract and SLES Hm.sub.50 SLES 0.001 gram/100 ml Sapindus Mukorossi extract 1 gram/100 ml

(119) As can be seen from Table 28, the Sapindus Mukorossi extract (extracted by 50 wt % ethanol and 50 wt % water, 60 C., for 6 hours, as described in Example 1), demonstrated a higher potential (1000) as a non-irritant natural surfactant, causing less damage to the cells in comparison to SLES which was and still is used in many commercial cleansing formulations.

Example 17: Synergistic Effect in Challenge Test

(120) The tests were conducted by adding to a sterile solution an inoculum of a suitable microorganisms as described below and storing the solution at 37 C. for the bacteria or 30 C. for the yeast. Saponin extracted by water/ethanol mixture (50:50) was added at various concentrations as detailed below to a natural preservative cocktail (containing Wasabia Japonica, Populus tremuloides and Lonicera Japonica at a ratio of 1/1/1). Using serial dilutions and plate counts, aliquots were taken during the incubation period for determination of microorganism count.

(121) Media and reagents used: phosphate buffer 100 mM pH=5.5 (sterile), TSYE (30 gl/l tryptic soy broth +5 gr/l yeast extract) was added to solid media 2% agar, PDB (24 g/l potato dextrose broth +0.2 g/l chloramphenicol) was added for solid media 2% agar and diluent which is sterile solution of 0.9% sodium chloride and 0.1% peptone was used where indicated.

(122) The tested organisms were Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli EDL933, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA strain Newman D2 ATCC 25904 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 11777. The three bacteria were grown overnight on TSYE in an incubator shaker at 37 C. Yeast cells were grown overnight on PDB in an incubator shaker at 30 C. The media from the overnight cultures was washed twice with the diluent by centrifugation and each one of the organisms was transfer to 5 ml of the phosphate buffer containing different preservatives combinations to yield 105/ml. The test tubes were incubated either at 37 C. for the bacteria or 30 C. for the yeast. Aliquots were taken during the incubation period for determination of microorganism counts. The numbers in Table 28 below are the means of two separate experiments. Each treatment was repeated three times.

(123) TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 29 Total count of different microorganisms as a function of the cocktail preservatives and Sapindus extract concentrations Preservatives/Sapindus extract wt %. Microorganisms 0/0 0.2/0 0.2/2 0.2/10 0.2/20 E. coli 10.sup.5 5 10.sup.2 <10.sup. <10 <10 Salmonella 10.sup.5 5 10.sup.4 2 10.sup.3 <10 <10 Staphylococcus 10.sup.5 10.sup.4 10.sup.4 .sup.10.sup.4 <200 Saccharomyces 10.sup.5 10.sup.5 10.sup.3 200 200 Microorganisms 0/0 0/20 0.01/20 0.05/20 0.1/20 E. coli 10.sup.5 10.sup.5 10.sup.5 <10 <10 Salmonella 10.sup.5 10.sup.6 10.sup.6 .sup.10.sup.3 <10 Staphylococcus 10.sup.5 <200.sup. <200.sup. <200 <200 Saccharomyces 10.sup.5 10.sup.3 10.sup.3 200 200

(124) As can be seen from Table 29, the preservative cocktail alone or the Sapindus Mukorossi extract alone, did not reduce the total microorganisms count below 1000. Only the combination of the preservative cocktail with the Sapindus Mukorossi extract caused the total microorganisms count to drop below 10. These surprising results indicate a synergistic effect between the saponin material, e.g., Sapindus Mukorossi extract and the preservative cocktail.

(125) Further experiments were conducted under the same conditions with an extract of saponin together with each of Wasabia Japonica, Populus tremuloides and Lonicera Japonica extracts. Other experiments were conducted with an extract of saponin together with Wasabia Japonica and Populus tremuloides. Further experiments were conducted with saponin extract together with Populus tremuloides and Lonicera Japonica extracts. Yet additional experiments were conducted with saponin extract together with Wasabia Japonica and Lonicera Japonica extracts.

Example 18: Liquid Shampoo

(126) The following shampoo formulations were prepared and tested on hair tresses in the laboratory. The procedure tested was determined according to Standard guide for descriptive analysis of shampoo performance (ASTM international, designation: E2082-06). The compositions of the shampoos were determined by design of experiment.

(127) Application and Foam Characteristics

(128) Test Procedure: Tress was placed in glass warm water (40 to 50 C.) and wetted. After then, the water was drained. 1 ml (1 g) of product was applied onto the wet hair tress, and hair was being shampooing. The ease of spreading, speed of foam, amount of foam, cushion of foam, bubble size, and wetness of foam were evaluated.

(129) Testing Parameters Scale:

(130) Ease of spreading, ease of distributing the product evenly over the surface of the hair prior to generating the foam, from not easy difficult0 to easy10

(131) Speed to foam, measure of the time or degree of manipulation required to generate foam, seconds

(132) Amount of foam, assessment of the volume of foam after each of several points from none0 to high10

(133) Cushion of foam, measure of the force to compress the foam between the thumb and forefinger from none0 to high10

(134) Wetness of foam, amount of moisture perceived in the foam mass from dry0 to wet10

(135) Bubble size, visual size of the majority of bubbles small1 and large0)

(136) Ease of rinsing, time to rinse product out of tress, second

(137) Wet Hair Characteristics

(138) Test Procedure: After washing, the hair tress was combed from the top of the hair tress down to the end of the tress. The ease of detangling and force to comb were evaluated.

(139) The wet feel/slipperiness and residue were evaluated by holding wet hair tress loosely in a closed fist, and rubbing hair between thumb and index finger in a downward motion.

(140) Testing Parameters Scale:

(141) Ease of detangling, ease of removing the tangles from the hair tress from not easy/difficult0 to easy10

(142) Force to comb, force applied to the comb to move it through the hair tress, Apply and measure only the minimum and necessary force, from high0 to none10

(143) Wet feel/Slipperiness, presence or absence of resistance when moving the fingers down the hair between the thumb and forefinger from drag0 to slits10

(144) Residue (greasy/oily/waxy), total amount of all residues left on hair (tactile sensation). The individual types of residues may be identified and quantified, from none0 to high10

(145) Dry Hair Characteristics

(146) Test Procedure: The tress was dried by hanging in a hood dryer or using a hand-held blow dryer. The same drying procedure should be used by each evaluator, Evaluate for ease of detangling and force to comb were done by Combing the hair tress from the top and moving down. The dry feel/slipperiness, residue and pliability were evaluated by holding the dry tress loosely in a closed fist, and rubbed hair between thumb and index finger in a downward motion. Continue to comb in a vigorous manner in order to evaluate the electrostatic of the hair.

(147) Testing Parameters Scale:

(148) Ease of detangling, ease of removing the tangles from the hair tress from not easy/difficult0 to easy10

(149) Force to comb, force applied to the comb to move it through the hair tress, Apply and measure only the minimum and necessary force, from high0 to none10)

(150) However, the hair is evaluated in sections (for example, middle section, ends).

(151) Dry feel/slipperiness, presence or absence of resistance when moving the fingers down the hair between the thumb and forefinger from drag0 to slip10

(152) Residue, total amount of all residues left on hair (tactile sensation). The individual types of residues may be identified and quantified, from none0 to high10

(153) Pliability, measure of the force required to bend the hair, not stiff or rigid from low10 to high0

(154) Static, degree that the individual hair shafts repel each other from none10 to high10

(155) The Effect of Polysaccharides and Humectants

(156) The effect of polysaccharides and humectants (sorbitol) and saponins were tested in the following shampoo formulations. The preparation of the shampoo was performed according to Example 4.

(157) TABLE-US-00035 TABLE 30 Shampoo compositions with saponins, polysaccharides and humectants Concentration (wt %) INCI name Natural source #1 #2 #3 Sapindus mukurossi Sapindus extract 6.00 2.50 2.50 fruit extract Camellia oleifera Camellia extract/tea 5.00 seed extract extract Saponaria Saponaria extract 2.00 officinalis root extract Ramnolipids P. aeruginosa extract 1.00 Sorbitol Fruit extract 14.00 14.00 Xanthan gum Xanthomonas 0.10 0.10 0.10 fermentation Konjac gum Konjac extract 0.10 0.10 0.10 Lecithin Soy extract 3.00 3.00 3.00 Natural fragrance Plants extract 0.30 0.30 0.30 Aspen bark extract Aspen bark extract 0.70 0.70 0.70 Water 55.80 60.30 85.80

(158) Testing Results:

(159) The testing results of the three shampoo compositions nos. 1 to 3 (as detailed in Table 30) are presented in Table 31, below.

(160) TABLE-US-00036 TABLE 31 Properties of Shampoo compositions nos. 1 to 3 according to Table 30 Shampoo Composition Property #1 #2 #3 Ease of spreading 4 8 3 Speed of Foam 6 1 10 Amount of Foam 6 8 2 Cushion of Foam 4 9 0 Wetness of foam 4 5 0 Bubble size 1 1 1 Ease of rinsing 2 2 2
The testing results demonstrate that saponins, polysaccharides, humectant can serve as a good shampoo with high amount of foam, satisfied cushion and wetness of foam, with small bubbles size (#1 and 2). When sorbitol is not included in the composition, the amount, cushion, and the wetness of foam are inferior. Additions of tea extract increases the amount of the foam significantly.

Example 20: The Effect of Different Oils on the Shampoo Performance

(161) The effect of different oils on performance was tested in the following shampoo formulations (Table 32). The preparation of the shampoo is as previously described

(162) TABLE-US-00037 TABLE 32 Compositions of liquid shampoo with saponins, polysaccharides, humectant and different oils (oily moisturization) Concentration (wt %) INCI name Natural source #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Sapindus mukurossi Sapindus extract 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 fruit extract Camellia oleifera Camellia extract 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 seed extract Glycerin Vegetable 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 10.00 glycerin Xanthan gum Xanthomonas 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 fermentation Betaine Sugar beet 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 extract Lecithin Soy extract 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Aspen bark extract Aspen bark 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 extract Natural Fragrance Plants extract 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Almond oil Almond plant 2.00 Jojoba oil Jojoba plant 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Squalene Olive oil extract 1.00 1.00 Lanolin Extract from 2.00 2.00 wool water 75.90 73.90 71.90 62.90 65.90 72.90

(163) Testing results: the testing results of the six shampoo compositions nos. 1 to 6 (as detailed in Table 32) are presented in Table 33 below.

(164) TABLE-US-00038 TABLE 33 Shampoo properties of the shampoo compositions nos. 1 to 6 as detailed in Table 30 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Ease of spreading 8 7 6 8 8 8 Speed to foam, sec 5 3 0 10 2 3 Amount of foam 7 9 0 4 9 9 Cushion of foam 5 8 0 0 8 8 Wetness of foam 4 8 0 0 7 7 Bubble size 1 1 0 0 1 1 Ease of rinsing, sec 2 2 0 2 2 2

(165) The results as set forth in Table 33 show that addition of lanolin reduced significantly the foaming of the formula (#3 and 4) compared to formula #1. However, addition of almond oil (#2), and even more, addition of jojoba oil (#5) or combination of jojoba oil/squalene (#6) increased the amount of foam, the cushion and the wetness compared to formula without oil (#1).

Example 21: The Effect of Humectants (Betaine, Sorbitol, Glycerol, Honey) on the Shampoo Performance

(166) TABLE-US-00039 TABLE 34 Compositions of liquid shampoo with saponins, polysaccharides, oil and different humectants Concentration (wt %) INCI name Natural source #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 Sapindus mukurossi Sapindus extract 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 fruit extract Camellia oleifera Camellia extract 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 seed extract Carrageenan Seaweeds 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 extract Veegum Natural clay 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Colloidal oatmeal Oatmeal extract 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Lecithin Soy extract 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Aspen bark extract Aspen bark 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 extract Natural fragrance Plants extract 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Jojoba oil Jojoba extract 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Squalene Olive oil extract 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Betaine Sugar beet 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 extract Glycerin Vegetable 1.5 0.5 0.5 2.5 0.5 2.5 glycerin Sorbitol Fruit extract 0.7 1.4 1.4 Honey Honey extract 0.5 1.0 0.5 Water 72.5 72.5 73.5 73.5 71.5 73.5 71.5

(167) The effect of humectants on performance was tested in the following shampoo formulations (Table 34). The preparation of the shampoo is as previously described.

(168) Testing results: the testing results of the seven shampoo compositions nos. 1 to 7 (as detailed in Table 34) are presented in Table 35 below.

(169) TABLE-US-00040 TABLE 35 Properties of the shampoo compositions as detailed in Table 32 #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 #7 Application and Foam Characteristics Ease of spreading 7 8 8 8 8 8 7 Speed to foam, sec 5 4 5 10 10 6 10 Amount of foam 7 9 9 8 7 8 6 Cushion of foam 5 5 7 8 5 8 5 Wetness of foam 5 6 7 6 5 7 5 Bubble size 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ease of rinsing, sec 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Wet flair Characteristics Ease of detangling 8 8 7 7 7 6 5 Force to comb 8 8 8 8 7 7 5 Wet feel/Slipperiness 9 9 9 8 9 9 8 Residue (greasy/oily/waxy) 9 9 9 9 9 9 7 Dry Hair Characteristics Ease of detangling 8 8 8 8 9 6 7 Force to comb 9 9 9 9 9 7 8 Dry feel/Slipperiness 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Residue (greasy/oily/waxy) 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Pliability 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 Static 7 7 7 7 8 8 7

(170) The testing results as set forth in Table 35 show, that addition of most of the humectants types and concentrations were increased the amount of the foam and the ease of spreading (expect #7) compared to formula #1. The best cushion and wetness of foam were obtained when the humectants glycerol/sorbitol were at weight ratio of 0.5/0.7 (#3), 0.5/1.4 (#4) and glycerin/honey 0.1/1 (#6). On Wet Hair, most of the humectants decreased slightly the ease of detangling. No significant changes were observed on dry Hair.

Example 22: The Effect of Moisturization (Non-Oily) Materials and Clays

(171) The effect of moisturization materials on performance was tested in the following shampoo formulations (Table 36). The preparation of the shampoo is as previously described.

(172) TABLE-US-00041 TABLE 36 Compositions of liquid shampoo with saponins, polysaccharides, humectant, oils and moisturization materials Concentration (wt %) INCI name Natural source #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Sapindus mukurossi Sapindus extract 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 9.00 fruit extract Camellia oleifera Camellia extract 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 seed extract Glycerin Vegetable glycerin 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.70 Sorbitol Fruit extract 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Betaine Sugar beet extract 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Carrageenan Seaweeds extract 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 Aspen bark extract Aspen bark extract 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 Natural fragrance Plants extract 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.30 Jojoba oil Jojoba extract 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Squalene Olive oil extract 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 Lechitin Soy extract Aloe Barbadensis Aloe Barbadensis 2.0 Leaf Juice Leaf Juice Urea 2.00 Colloidal oatmeal Oat meal extract 0.5 0.5 Veegum Natural clay 1.00 0.6 Bentonite Natural clay 1.00 water 78.1 76.1 77.6 77.1 77.1 77.8

(173) Testing results: the testing results of the six shampoo compositions nos. 1 to 6 (as detailed in Table 36) are presented in Table 37 below.

(174) TABLE-US-00042 TABLE 37 Shampoo properties #1 #2 #3 #4 #5 #6 Application and Foam Characteristics Ease of spreading 7 8 8 8 8 9 Speed to foam, sec 5 4 4 4 5 3 Amount of foam 7 9 9 9 9 9 Cushion of foam 5 9 9 7 9 9 Wetness of foam 4 9 7 7 9 8 Bubble size 1 1 1 1 1 1 Ease of rinsing, 2 2 2 2 2 2 sec Wet Hair Characteristics Ease of detangling 8 8 4 5 8 8 Force to comb 8 8 5 6 8 8 Wet 8 9 8 7 9 9 feel/Slipperiness Residue 9 9 9 9 9 9 (greasy/oily/waxy) Dry Hair Characteristics Ease of detangling 9 9 8 8 9 9 Force to comb 9 9 9 8 9 9 Dry 9 9 9 8 9 9 feel/Slipperiness Residue 9 9 9 9 9 9 (greasy/oily/waxy) Pliability 9 9 9 9 9 9 Static 8 9 7 6 7 7

(175) The results as set forth in Table 37 show that addition of moisturization materials increases the amount of the foam, cushion and wetness (#2 and 3) compared to formula #1. Decreased in wet hair characteristics were observed in shampoo that contains colloidal oatmeal. Addition of clays attributed to amount of foam the cushion and wetness (#4 and 5). Addition of Aloe vera gel, Colloidal oatmeal, Veegum and Lecithin improved significantly the shampoo performance compared to formula without them (#1).

Example 23: Liquid Shampoos

(176) The following shampoo formulations were prepared and tested on 5 babies.

(177) TABLE-US-00043 TABLE 38 Shampoo compositions INCI name Natural source #1 #2 #3 #4 Sapindus mukurossi Sapindus extract 9.00 10.00 9.00 6.0 fruit extract Camellia oleifera seed Camellia extract 5.00 5.00 1.5 extract Saponaria officinalis Saponaria extract 10.0 root extract Rhamnolipids P. aeruginosa 4.0 extract Honey Honey extract 0.50 0.50 Sorbitol Fruit extract 1.7 10.0 Glycerol Vegetable glycerin 0.7 Lactic acid Milk acid 1.00 1.00 Betaine Sugar beet extract 2.00 2.00 2.00 Taurocholate Bile salt 0.60 Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Aloe Barbadensis 2.00 2.00 Juice Leaf Juice Carrageenan Seaweeds extract 0.50 0.3 0.50 0.25 Xanthan gum Xanthomonas 0.00 0.2 0.00 0.20 fermentation Veegum Natural Clay 0.60 3 0.60 2.50 Lecithin Soy extract 3.00 3 3.00 3.00 Colloidal oatmeal Oatmeal extract 0.50 0.5 0.50 Natural fragrance Plants extract 0.30 0.3 0.30 0.30 Aspen bark extract Aspen bark extract 0.70 0.7 0.70 0.70 Jojoba oil Jojoba plant 1.00 1.00 1.00 Squalene Olive oil extract 1.00 1.00 1.00 water 73.9 66 73.3 71.50

(178) Babies' hair washed with all of the above shampoos, showed excellent cleaning performance, foaming, good shine and it was easy to comb dry hair after shampooing.

Example 24: Facial Cleansing

(179) The following facial cleansing formulations in according to the invention were prepared as detailed in Table 39. These formulations showed excellent facial cleansing performance, with pleasant after feel.

(180) TABLE-US-00044 TABLE 39 Facial cleansing toner for oily skin and dry skin and Facial milk formulation according to the invention Toner Facial oily skin dry skin Cleansing Concentration (wt %) Sapindus extract 3.00 2.00 2.00 Ethanol 3.50 Sorbitol 10.00 8.50 Carrageenan 0.20 0.20 0.30 Xanthan Gum 0.30 Veegum 1.50 Betaine 3.00 3.00 Aspen bark extract 0.70 0.70 0.70 Natural Fragrance 0.30 0.30 0.30 Jojoba oil 10.00 Water 89.30 83.80 76.90

Example 25: Facial Cream

(181) The following face cream formulations in according to the invention were prepared as detailed in Table 40.

(182) TABLE-US-00045 TABLE 40 Face cream formulations according to the invention Concentration (wt %) #1 #2 Sapindus extract 2.50 2.50 Xanthan Gum 0.20 0.35 Carrageenan 0.20 0.35 Veegum 2.00 0.00 Aspen bark extract 0.70 0.70 Sorbitol 5.00 5.00 Shea Butter 10.00 10.00 Jojoba oil 10.00 10.00 Almond oil 10.00 14.00 Lecithin 1.50 1.50 Candelilla wax 3.00 Beeswax 1.50 1.50 Rice Starch 1.00 1.00 Water 55.40 50.10