SEMICONDUCTOR PHOTORESIST COMPOSITION AND METHOD OF FORMING PATTERNS USING THE COMPOSITION

Abstract

Disclosed are a semiconductor photoresist composition including an organotin compound represented by Chemical Formula 1, and a solvent, a method of forming patterns using the same.

Claims

1. A semiconductor photoresist composition, comprising: an organotin compound represented by Chemical Formula 1; and a solvent: ##STR00015## wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof, and R.sup.7 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

2. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: R.sup.7 is a substituted C1 to C20 alkyl group.

3. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

4. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an iso-propyl group, an iso-butyl group, an iso-pentyl group, an iso-hexyl group, an iso-heptyl group, an iso-octyl group, an iso-nonyl group, an iso-decyl group, a sec-butyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-butyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a tert-hexyl group, a tert-heptyl group, a tert-octyl group, a tert-nonyl group, or a tert-decyl group.

5. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: at least one selected from R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

6. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: at least one selected from R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, at least one selected from R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, and at least one selected from R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

7. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the organotin compound is one selected from compounds listed in Group 1: Group 1 ##STR00016## ##STR00017##

8. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: based on 100 wt % of the semiconductor photoresist composition, the organotin compound is included in an amount of about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %.

9. The semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the semiconductor photoresist composition further includes an additive of a surfactant, a crosslinking agent, a leveling agent, or a combination thereof.

10. A method of forming patterns comprising: applying an etching-objective layer to a substrate; coating the semiconductor photoresist composition as claimed in claim 1 on the etching-objective layer to form a photoresist layer; patterning the photoresist layer to form a photoresist pattern; and etching the etching-objective layer using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask.

11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the photoresist pattern is formed using light having a wavelength of about 5 nm to about 150 nm.

12. The method as claimed in claim 10, further comprising: providing a resist underlayer between the substrate and the photoresist layer.

13. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the photoresist pattern has a width of about 5 nm to about 100 nm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] The accompanying drawings, together with the specification, illustrate embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure, and, together with the description, serve to explain principles of embodiments of the subject matter of the present disclosure.

[0031] FIGS. 1-5 are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of forming patterns using a semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0032] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail, referring to the accompanying drawings. However, in the description of the present disclosure, descriptions for already known functions or components will be omitted for clarifying the gist of the present disclosure.

[0033] In order to clearly describe the present disclosure, parts which are not related to the description are omitted, and the same reference numeral refers to the same or like components, throughout the specification. In addition, because the size and the thickness of each component shown in the drawing may be optionally represented for convenience of the description, the present disclosure is not limited to the illustration.

[0034] In the drawings, the thickness shown may be enlarged to clearly express the various layers and regions. Also, in the drawings, the thicknesses of some layers and regions may be exaggerated for convenience of description. It will be understood that if an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present.

[0035] As used herein, substituted refers to replacement of a hydrogen atom by deuterium, a halogen, a hydroxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, NRR (wherein, R and R are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic hydrocarbon group), SiRRR (wherein, R, R, and R are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C30 saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C30 saturated or unsaturated alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aromatic hydrocarbon group), a C1 to C30 alkyl group, a C1 to C10 haloalkyl group, a C1 to C10 alkylsilyl group, a C3 to C30 cycloalkyl group, a C6 to C30 aryl group, a C1 to C20 alkoxy group, or a combination thereof. Unsubstituted refers to non-replacement of a hydrogen atom by another substituent and remaining of the hydrogen atom.

[0036] As used herein, if a definition is not otherwise provided, alkyl group refers to a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group. The alkyl group may be a saturated alkyl group without any double bond or triple bond.

[0037] The alkyl group may be a C1 to C10 alkyl group. For example, the alkyl group may be a C1 to C8 alkyl group, a C1 to C7 alkyl group, a C1 to C6 alkyl group, a C1 to C5 alkyl group, or a C1 to C4 alkyl group. For example, the C1 to C4 alkyl group may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, or a 2,2-dimethylpropyl group.

[0038] As used herein, if a definition is not otherwise provided, cycloalkyl group refers to a monovalent cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

[0039] The cycloalkyl group may be a C3 to C10 cycloalkyl group, for example, a C3 to C8 cycloalkyl group, a C3 to C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3 to C6 cycloalkyl group, a C3 to C5 cycloalkyl group, or a C3 to C4 cycloalkyl group. For example, the cycloalkyl group may be a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, or a cyclohexyl group, but is not limited thereto.

[0040] As used herein, aryl group refers to a substituent in which all atoms in the cyclic substituent have a p-orbital and these p-orbitals are conjugated and may include a monocyclic or fused ring polycyclic (e.g., rings sharing adjacent pairs of carbon atoms) functional group.

[0041] As used herein, unless otherwise defined, alkenyl group refers to an aliphatic unsaturated alkenyl group including at least one double bond as a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

[0042] As used herein, unless otherwise defined, alkynyl group refers to an aliphatic unsaturated alkynyl group including at least one triple bond as a linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group.

[0043] In the Chemical Formulas described herein, t-Bu refers to a tert-butyl group.

[0044] Hereinafter, a semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments is described.

[0045] The semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments of the present disclosure includes an organotin compound represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a solvent.

##STR00004##

[0046] In Chemical Formula 1, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 are each independently hydrogen, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof,

[0047] R.sup.7 is a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 cycloalkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

[0048] The organotin compound has an additional coordination bonding site derived from OH in addition to O directly bonded to Sn and thus induces intermolecular coordination bonding as well as intramolecular bonding, which is beneficial for forming an amorphous matrix.

[0049] In some embodiments, compared with a form with a coordination number of 4, due to the additional coordination bond, because the coordination number of Sn is satisfied, and Sn atoms are structurally hidden (e.g., protected from further reaction), stability against moisture may be improved. As a result, defects according to standing time in the coating process are effectively reduced, which may affect coating stability.

[0050] In some embodiments, compared with a monomolecular form, the intermolecular or intramolecular bond may be strengthened, thereby improving a binding force with a substrate and thereby improving resultant thin film stability.

[0051] Furthermore, as aggregation phenomenon due to nucleus formation is prevented or reduced, it may be coated in an amorphous form without using additives during the spin coating, thereby improving sensitivity and coating properties.

[0052] For example, R.sup.7 may be a substituted C1 to C20 alkyl group.

[0053] For example, R.sup.7 may be an iso-propyl group, an iso-butyl group, an iso-pentyl group, an iso-hexyl group, an iso-heptyl group, an iso-octyl group, an iso-nonyl group, an iso-decyl group, a sec-butyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-butyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a tert-hexyl group, a tert-heptyl group, a tert-octyl group, a tert-nonyl group, a tert-decyl group, or a benzyl group.

[0054] Examples of R.sup.7 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C3 to C20 branched alkyl group. The branched alkyl group means a form in which metal-bonded carbon is a secondary carbon, a tertiary carbon, or a quaternary carbon, for example, an iso-propyl group, an iso-butyl group, an iso-pentyl group, an iso-hexyl group, an iso-heptyl group, an iso-octyl group, an iso-nonyl group, an iso-decyl group, a sec-butyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-butyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a tert-hexyl group, a tert-heptyl group, a tert-octyl group, a tert-nonyl group, or a tert-decyl group.

[0055] For example, R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 may each independently be hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

[0056] Examples of R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 may be each independently a hydrogen, an n-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an n-decyl group, an iso-propyl group, an iso-butyl group, an iso-pentyl group, an iso-hexyl group, an iso-heptyl group, an iso-octyl group, an iso-nonyl group, an iso-decyl group, a sec-butyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-butyl group, a tert-pentyl group, a tert-hexyl group, a tert-heptyl group, a tert-octyl group, a tert-nonyl group, or a tert-decyl group.

[0057] For example, at least one selected from R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

[0058] For example, at least one selected from R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, at least one selected from R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, and at least one selected from R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C20 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C2 to C20 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C6 to C30 aryl group, or a combination thereof.

[0059] Examples of the organotin compound may include compounds listed in Group 1.

Group 1

[0060] ##STR00005## ##STR00006##

[0061] The organotin compound may strongly absorb extreme ultraviolet light at about 13.5 nm and may have excellent sensitivity to light having high energy.

[0062] In the semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments, based on 100 wt % of the semiconductor photoresist composition, the organotin compound may be included in an amount of 1 about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %, for example, about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %, for example, about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %, for example, about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %, for example, about 1 wt % to about 10 wt %, for example, about 1 wt % to about 5 wt %, but is not limited to thereto. If the organotin compound is included in an amount within the above ranges, storage stability and etch resistance of the semiconductor photoresist composition are improved, and resolution characteristics are improved.

[0063] As the semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments of the present disclosure may have excellent sensitivity and pattern formation properties due to the aforementioned organotin compound.

[0064] The solvent included in the semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments may be an organic solvent. The solvent may be, for example, aromatic compounds (e.g., xylene, toluene, etc.), alcohols (e.g., 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 4-methyl-2-propanol, 1-butanol, methanol, isopropyl alcohol, 1-propanol, ethers (e.g., anisole, tetrahydrofuran), esters (n-butyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate), ketones (e.g., methyl ethyl ketone, 2-heptanone), or a mixture thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0065] In some embodiments, the semiconductor photoresist composition may further include resin in addition to the organotin compound and the solvent.

[0066] The resin may be a phenol-based resin including at least one or more aromatic moieties of Group 2.

Group 2

[0067] ##STR00007## ##STR00008##

[0068] The resin may have a weight average molecular weight of about 500 to about 20,000.

[0069] The resin may be included in an amount of about 0.1 wt % to about 50 wt % based on a total amount of the semiconductor photoresist composition.

[0070] If the resin is included within the amount range, it may have excellent etch resistance and heat resistance.

[0071] The semiconductor resist composition according to some embodiments may be composed of the aforementioned organotin compound, a solvent, and resin. However, the semiconductor resist composition according to the above-described embodiment may further include additives as needed. Examples of the additive may include a surfactant, a crosslinking agent, a leveling agent, organic acid, a quencher, or a combination thereof.

[0072] The surfactant may include for example alkyl benzene sulfonate salt, alkyl pyridinium salt, polyethylene glycol, a quaternary ammonium salt, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0073] The crosslinking agent may be for example a melamine-based crosslinking agent, a substituted urea-based crosslinking agent, an acryl-based crosslinking agent, an epoxy-based crosslinking agent, and/or a polymer-based crosslinking agent, but is not limited thereto. It may be a crosslinking agent having at least two crosslinking forming substituents, for example, a compound such as methoxymethylated glycoluril, butoxymethylated glycoluril, methoxymethylated melamine, butoxymethylated melamine, methoxymethylated benzoguanamine, butoxymethylated benzoguanamine, 4-hydroxybutyl acrylate, acrylic acid, urethane acrylate, acryl methacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether, glycidol, diglycidyl 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylate, trimethylpropane triglycidyl ether, 1,3-bis(glycidoxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane, methoxymethylated urea, butoxymethylated urea, and/or methoxymethylated thiourea, and/or the like.

[0074] The leveling agent may be used for improving coating flatness during printing and may be any suitable leveling agent generally used in the art.

[0075] The organic acid may include p-toluenesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, 1,4-naphthalenedisulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, a fluorinated sulfonium salt, malonic acid, citric acid, propionic acid, methacrylic acid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, glycolic acid, succinic acid, or a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto.

[0076] The quencher may be diphenyl (p-tolyl) amine, methyl diphenyl amine, triphenyl amine, phenylenediamine, naphthylamine, diaminonaphthalene, or a combination thereof.

[0077] A use amount of the additives may be controlled depending on suitable or desired properties.

[0078] In some embodiments, the semiconductor photoresist composition may further include a silane coupling agent as an adherence enhancer in order to improve a close-contacting force with the substrate (e.g., in order to improve adherence of the semiconductor photoresist composition to the substrate). The silane coupling agent may be for example a silane compound including a carbon-carbon unsaturated bond such as vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, vinyl trichlorosilane, vinyltris(?-methoxyethoxy) silane; and/or 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, p-styryl trimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyl diethoxysilane; trimethoxy [3-(phenylamino) propyl]silane, and/or the like, but is not limited thereto.

[0079] The semiconductor photoresist composition may be formed into a pattern having a high aspect ratio without a collapse. Accordingly, in order to form a fine pattern having a width of, for example, about 5 nm to about 100 nm, about 5 nm to about 80 nm, about 5 nm to about 70 nm, about 5 nm to about 50 nm, about 5 nm to about 40 nm, about 5 nm to about 30 nm, or about 5 nm to about 20 nm, the semiconductor photoresist composition may be used for a photoresist process using light in a wavelength ranging from about 5 nm to about 150 nm, for example, about 5 nm to about 100 nm, about 5 nm to about 80 nm, about 5 nm to about 50 nm, about 5 nm to about 30 nm, or about 5 nm to about 20 nm. Accordingly, the semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments may be used to realize extreme ultraviolet lithography using an EUV light source of a wavelength of about 13.5 nm.

[0080] According to according to some embodiments, a method of forming patterns using the aforementioned semiconductor photoresist composition is provided. For example, the manufactured pattern may be a photoresist pattern.

[0081] The method of forming patterns according to some embodiments includes applying an etching-objective layer to a substrate, coating the semiconductor photoresist composition on the etching-objective layer to form a photoresist layer, patterning the photoresist layer to form a photoresist pattern, and etching the etching-objective layer using the photoresist pattern as an etching mask.

[0082] Hereinafter, a method of forming patterns using the semiconductor photoresist composition is described referring to FIGS. 1-5. FIGS. 1-5 are cross-sectional views for explaining a method of forming patterns using a semiconductor photoresist composition according to some embodiments.

[0083] Referring to FIG. 1, an object for etching is prepared. The object for etching may be a thin film 102 formed on a semiconductor substrate 100. Hereinafter, the object for etching is limited to the thin film 102, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. A whole surface of the thin film 102 is washed to remove impurities and/or the like remaining thereon. The thin film 102 may be for example a silicon nitride layer, a polysilicon layer, and/or a silicon oxide layer.

[0084] Subsequently, the resist underlayer composition for providing a resist underlayer 104 is spin-coated on the surface of the washed thin film 102. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and various suitable coating methods, for example a spray coating, a dip coating, a knife edge coating, a printing method, for example an inkjet printing and/or a screen printing, and/or the like may be used.

[0085] The coating process of the resist underlayer may be omitted, and hereinafter, a process including a coating of the resist underlayer is described.

[0086] Then, the coated composition is dried and baked to form a resist underlayer 104 on the thin film 102. The baking may be performed at about 100? C. to about 500? C., for example, about 100? C. to about 300? C.

[0087] The resist underlayer 104 is provided between the substrate 100 and a photoresist layer 106 and thus may prevent or reduce non-uniformity and pattern-forming capability of a photoresist line width if a ray reflected from on the interface between the substrate 100 and the photoresist layer 106 or a hardmask between layers is scattered into an unintended photoresist region.

[0088] Referring to FIG. 2, the photoresist layer 106 is formed by coating the semiconductor photoresist composition on the resist underlayer 104. The photoresist layer 106 is obtained by coating the aforementioned semiconductor photoresist composition on the thin film 102 formed on the substrate 100 and then, curing it through a heat treatment.

[0089] For example, the formation of a pattern by using the semiconductor photoresist composition may include coating the semiconductor photoresist composition on the substrate 100 having the thin film 102 through spin coating, slit coating, inkjet printing, and the like and then, drying it to form the photoresist layer 106.

[0090] The semiconductor photoresist composition has already been illustrated in detail and will not be illustrated again.

[0091] Subsequently, a substrate 100 having the photoresist layer 106 is subjected to a first baking process. The first baking process may be performed at about 80? C. to about 120? C.

[0092] Referring to FIG. 3, the photoresist layer 106 may be selectively exposed using a patterned mask 110.

[0093] For example, the exposure may use an activation radiation with light having a high energy wavelength such as EUV (extreme ultraviolet; a wavelength of about 13.5 nm), an E-Beam (an electron beam), and/or the like as well as a short wavelength such as an i-line (a wavelength of about 365 nm), a KrF excimer laser (a wavelength of about 248 nm), an ArF excimer laser (a wavelength of about 193 nm), and/or the like.

[0094] For example, light for the exposure according to some embodiments may have a short wavelength in a range from about 5 nm to about 150 nm and a high energy wavelength, for example, EUV (Extreme UltraViolet; a wavelength of about 13.5 nm), an E-Beam (an electron beam), and/or the like.

[0095] The exposed region 106b of the photoresist layer 106 has a different solubility from the unexposed region 106a of the photoresist layer 106 by forming a polymer by a crosslinking reaction such as condensation between organometallic compounds.

[0096] Subsequently, the substrate 100 is subjected to a second baking process. The second baking process may be performed at a temperature of about 90? C. to about 200? C. The exposed region 106b of the photoresist layer 106 becomes easily indissoluble regarding a developing solution due to the second baking process.

[0097] In FIG. 4, the unexposed region 106a of the photoresist layer is dissolved and removed using the developing solution to form a photoresist pattern 108. For example, the unexposed region 106a of the photoresist layer is dissolved and removed by using an organic solvent such as 2-heptanone and/or the like to complete the photoresist pattern 108 corresponding to the negative tone image.

[0098] As described above, a developing solution used in a method of forming patterns according to some embodiments may be an organic solvent. The organic solvent used in the method of forming patterns according to some embodiments may be for example ketones such as methylethylketone, acetone, cyclohexanone, 2-heptanone, and/or the like, alcohols such as 4-methyl-2-propanol, 1-butanol, isopropanol, 1-propanol, methanol, and/or the like, esters such as propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl lactate, n-butyl acetate, butyrolactone, and/or the like, aromatic compounds such as benzene, xylene, toluene, and/or the like, or a combination thereof.

[0099] However, the photoresist pattern according to some embodiments is not necessarily limited to the negative tone image but may be formed to have a positive tone image. Herein, a developing agent used for forming the positive tone image may be a quaternary ammonium hydroxide composition such as tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetrapropylammonium hydroxide, tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, or a combination thereof.

[0100] As described above, exposure to light having a high energy such as EUV (Extreme UltraViolet; a wavelength of about 13.5 nm), an E-Beam (an electron beam), and/or the like as well as light having a wavelength such as i-line (wavelength of about 365 nm), KrF excimer laser (wavelength of about 248 nm), ArF excimer laser (wavelength of about 193 nm), and/or the like may provide a photoresist pattern 108 having a width of a thickness of about 5 nm to about 100 nm. For example, the photoresist pattern 108 may have a width of a thickness of about 5 nm to about 90 nm, about 5 nm to about 80 nm, about 5 nm to about 70 nm, about 5 nm to about 60 nm, about 5 nm to about 50 nm, about 5 nm to about 40 nm, about 5 nm to about 30 nm, or about 5 nm to about 20 nm.

[0101] The photoresist pattern 108 may have a pitch of having a half-pitch of less than or equal to about 50 nm, for example less than or equal to about 40 nm, less than or equal to about 30 nm, less than or equal to about 20 nm, or less than or equal to about 15 nm and a line width roughness of less than or equal to about 10 nm, less than or equal to about 5 nm, less than or equal to about 3 nm, or less than or equal to about 2 nm.

[0102] Subsequently, the photoresist pattern 108 is used as an etching mask to etch the resist underlayer 104. Through this etching process, an organic layer pattern 112 is formed. The organic layer pattern 112 also may have a width corresponding to that of the photoresist pattern 108.

[0103] Referring to FIG. 5, the photoresist pattern 108 is applied as an etching mask to etch the exposed thin film 102. As a result, the thin film is formed with a thin film pattern 114.

[0104] The etching of the thin film 102 may be for example dry etching using an etching gas and the etching gas may be for example CHF.sub.3, CF.sub.4, Cl.sub.2, BCl.sub.3 and/or a mixed gas thereof.

[0105] In the exposure process, the thin film pattern 114 formed by using the photoresist pattern 108 formed through the exposure process performed by using an EUV light source may have a width corresponding to that of the photoresist pattern 108. For example, the thin film pattern 114 may have a width of about 5 nm to about 100 nm which is equal to that of the photoresist pattern 108. For example, the thin film pattern 114 formed by using the photoresist pattern 108 formed through the exposure process performed by using an EUV light source may have a width of about 5 nm to about 90 nm, about 5 nm to about 80 nm, about 5 nm to about 70 nm, about 5 nm to about 60 nm, about 5 nm to about 50 nm, about 5 nm to about 40 nm, about 5 nm to about 30 nm, and about 5 nm to about 20 nm, or, for example, less than or equal to about 20 nm, like that of the photoresist pattern 108.

[0106] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail through examples of the preparation of the aforementioned semiconductor photoresist composition. However, the present disclosure is technically not restricted by the following examples.

Synthesis of Organo Tin Compound

Synthesis Example 1

[0107] In a 1000 mL round-bottomed flask, 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (23.7 g, 228 mmol) was provided, and 300 mL of toluene was added thereto. A solution prepared by dissolving tert-butyltintripropionate (30 g, 76 mmol) in 100 mL of toluene was slowly added thereto in a dropwise fashion and then, stirred at room temperature for 2 hours. Subsequently, the resultant was vacuum-dried at room temperature, obtaining a white solid, and the white solid was several times washed with dichloromethane and n-hexane and vacuum-dried again, thereby obtaining a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1a.

##STR00009##

Synthesis Example 2

[0108] A compound represented by Chemical Formula 2a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that lactic acid (20.5 g, 228 mmol) was used instead of the 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (23.7 g, 228 mmol).

##STR00010##

Synthesis Example 3

[0109] A compound represented by Chemical Formula 5a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that glycolic acid (17.3 g, 228 mmol) instead of the 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (23.7 g, 228 mmol) and iso-propyltintripropionate (29.0 g, 76 mmol) instead of the tert-butyltintripropionate (30 g, 76 mmol) were used.

##STR00011##

Synthesis Example 4

[0110] A compound represented by Chemical Formula 6a was obtained in substantially the same manner as in Synthesis Example 1 except that glycolic acid (17.3 g, 228 mmol) instead of the 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (23.7 g, 228 mmol) and benzyltintripropionate (32.6 g, 76 mmol) instead of the tert-butyltintripropionate (30 g, 76 mmol) were used.

##STR00012##

Comparative Synthesis Example 1

[0111] In a 100 mL round-bottomed flask, iPrSnPh.sub.3 (25.44 mmol, 10 g) and acetic acid (76.31 mmol, 4.6 g) were dissolved in 35 ml of acetonitrile and then, heated under reflux for 24 hours. Subsequently, the resultant was vacuum-dried to completely remove the solvent, thereby obtaining a compound represented by Chemical Formula b at a yield of 80%.

##STR00013##

Comparative Synthesis Example 2

[0112] In a 100 mL round-bottomed flask, LiNMe.sub.2 (102.03 mmol, 5.2 g) was dissolved in anhydrous hexane, and then, the flask was cooled to ?78? C. Isopropyltin trichloride (34.01 mmol, 9.1 g) was slowly added thereto in a dropwise fashion and then, reacted at room temperature for 24 hours. When the reaction was completed, the resultant was filtered, concentrated, and vacuum-dried, thereby obtaining a compound represented by Chemical Formula c at a yield of 65%.

##STR00014##

Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2: Preparation of Semiconductor Photoresist Composition

[0113] Each of the compounds obtained in Synthesis Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Synthesis Examples 1 and 2 was dissolved in 1-methyl-2-propyl acetate at a concentration of 3 wt % and then, filtered with a 0.1 ?m PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) syringe filter, thereby preparing a semiconductor photoresist composition.

Evaluation 1: Evaluation of Moisture Stability

[0114] In order to analyze changes caused by moisture, a tin compound was dissolved at 10 wt % in 1-methyl-2-propyl acetate in containing 1 wt % of water. Subsequently, .sup.119Sn NMR of each corresponding solution was measured, and the results according to the following criteria are shown in Table 1.

Evaluation Criteria

[0115] ?: No NMR peak change [0116] ?: 1 to 29% change in overall integral [0117] ?: 30 to 89% change in overall integral [0118] X: 90% or more change in overall integral

Evaluation 2: Evaluation of Sensitivity

[0119] A linear array of 50 disk pads each having a diameter of 500 ?m was irradiated into a wafer coated with each photoresist composition of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 by using EUV ray (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Micro Exposure Tool, MET). Exposure times of the pads were adjusted to apply an increased EUV dose to each pad.

[0120] Then, the resist and the substrate were exposed and baked (post-exposure bake, PEB) on a hotplate at 160? C. for 120 seconds. After the baked film was immersed in a developer (2-heptanone) for 30 seconds each, it was washed with the same developer for an additional 10 seconds to form a negative tone image, that is, to remove an unexposed coating portion. Finally, the resultant was baked on a 150? C. hot plate for 2 minutes to complete a process.

[0121] A residual resist thickness of the exposed pads was measured utilizing an Ellipsometer. The residual thickness was measured depending on each exposure dose and calculated therewith as a function to obtain Dg (an energy level where a development was complete), and the results are shown in Table 1.

Evaluation Criteria (Dg Value)

[0122] A: less than 16 mJ/cm.sup.2 [0123] B: greater than or equal to 16 mJ/cm.sup.2

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Moisture Dg Organotin compound stability (mJ/cm.sup.2) Example 1 Chemical Formula 1a ? A Example 2 Chemical Formula 1b ? A Example 3 Chemical Formula 1c ? A Example 4 Chemical Formula 1d ? A Comparative Example 1 Chemical Formula b X B Comparative Example 2 Chemical Formula c X B

[0124] Referring to the results of Table 1, the semiconductor photoresist compositions according to the examples exhibited excellent moisture stability and also excellent sensitivity, compared with the semiconductor photoresist compositions according to the comparative examples.

[0125] Hereinbefore, the certain embodiments of the present disclosure have been described and illustrated, however, it should be apparent to a person with ordinary skill in the art that the present disclosure is not limited to the embodiment as described, and may be variously modified and transformed without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the modified or transformed embodiments as such may not be understood separately from the technical ideas and aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure, and the modified embodiments are within the scope of the claims of the present disclosure, and equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS

[0126]

TABLE-US-00002 100: substrate 102: thin film 104: resist underlayer 106: photoresist layer 106a: unexposed region 106b: exposed region 108: photoresist pattern 112: organic layer pattern 110: patterned mask 114: thin film pattern