Flexible catheter shaft and method of manufacture

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a strong, flexible catheter shaft for use in a catheter system. The flexible catheter shaft includes a nitinol tube having one or more sets of cuts therein in combination with one or more outer jacket layers. The flexible catheter shaft provides a shaft having sufficient stiffness and kink resistance to allow an operator to advance an electrode basket connected to the flexible catheter shaft through a guide catheter to a target ablation site without causing vessel trauma. The distal tip of the flexible catheter shaft is designed to have sufficient flexibility to reduce any risk of kicking out a guide catheter when tracking the electrode basket around turns in the vasculature of a patient.

Claims

1. A catheter shaft comprising a nitinol tube having a proximal end and a distal end, a spring coil disposed within the nitinol tube, and an outer jacket covering the nitinol tube and substantially continuous along an outer surface from a proximal end of the outer jacket to a distal end of the outer jacket, wherein at least a portion of a distal section of the nitinol tube includes a set of cuts in the nitinol tube, wherein the outer jacket includes a pocket formed therefrom and extending distally past the distal end of the nitinol tube, a maximum diameter of the pocket being larger than a diameter of the outer jacket at a proximal end thereof, wherein the pocket is configured for receiving at least a portion of an electrode basket therein, and wherein the outer jacket extends radially through at least one cut of the set of cuts to the spring coil.

2. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein a proximal section of the nitinol tube includes a first set of cuts.

3. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein the outer jacket comprises at least two separate polyether block amides.

4. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein the outer jacket comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a polyether block amide, a thermoplastic, a nylon, and combinations thereof.

5. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein the spring coil is a flat wound coil.

6. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein the pocket comprises a polyether block amide.

7. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein the catheter shaft has an outer diameter at the distal end of less than 0.067 inches.

8. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein the distal section of the nitinol tube includes a first set of cuts and a second set of cuts different than the first set of cuts.

9. The catheter shaft of claim 8 wherein the first set of cuts are in the form of spiral cuts and the second set of cuts are in the form of window cuts.

10. The catheter shaft of claim 8 wherein the first set of cuts are in the form of spiral cuts and the second set of cuts are in the form of dog bone cuts.

11. The catheter shaft of claim 1 wherein the outer jacket comprises a polyether block amide.

12. The catheter shaft of claim 11 wherein the outer jacket comprises at least three separate polyether block amides.

13. A catheter shaft comprising a nitinol tube having a proximal end and a distal end, a spring coil disposed within the nitinol tube, and an outer jacket covering the nitinol tube and substantially continuous along an outer surface from a proximal end of the outer jacket to a distal end of the outer jacket, wherein at least a portion of a distal section of the nitinol tube includes at least two sets of cuts in the nitinol tube and at least a portion of a proximal section includes at least one set of cuts, wherein the outer jacket includes a pocket formed therefrom and extending distally past the distal end of the nitinol tube, a maximum diameter of the pocket being larger than a diameter of the outer jacket at a proximal end thereof, wherein the pocket is configured for receiving at least a portion of an electrode basket therein, and wherein the outer jacket extends radially to the spring coil through at least one of: (i) at least one cut of the at least two sets of cuts on the distal section of the nitinol tube, and (ii) at least one cut of the at least one set of cuts on the proximal section of the nitinol tube.

14. The catheter shaft of claim 13 wherein the outer jacket is reflowed onto the nitinol tube such that the outer jacket secures the spring coil to the nitinol tube at the proximal end and the distal end of the nitinol tube.

15. The catheter shaft of claim 13 wherein the at least two sets of cuts on the distal section of the nitinol tube include a first set of spiral cuts and a second set of window cuts.

16. The catheter shaft of claim 13 wherein the at least two sets of cuts on the distal end of the nitinol tube include a first set of spiral cuts and a second set of dog bone cuts.

17. The catheter shaft of claim 13 wherein a portion of the outer jacket covering the proximal section of the nitinol tube comprises a polyether block amide having a durometer of about 55, a portion of the outer jacket covering the distal section of the nitinol tube comprises a polyether block amide having a durometer of about 35, and wherein the pocket is comprised of a polyether block amide having a durometer of about 72.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a catheter system including a handle, a catheter shaft, and an electrode assembly having multiple electrodes, with the electrode assembly being in a collapsed configuration.

(2) FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the catheter system of FIG. 1, with the electrode assembly being in an expanded configuration resulting from rotation of a rotatable actuator.

(3) FIG. 3 is an axial cross-sectional view showing various components of a flexible catheter shaft in accordance with the present disclosure.

(4) FIG. 4 is a longitudinal cross-sectional view showing various components of a flexible catheter shaft in accordance with the present disclosure.

(5) FIG. 5 illustrates a nitinol tube including various cutting patterns on the surface thereof.

(6) FIG. 6 illustrates a nitinol tube including a spiral cutting pattern and a window cutting pattern on a distal end.

(7) FIGS. 7A-7D illustrate a nitinol tube including a spiral cutting pattern and various dog bone cutting patterns on a distal end.

(8) FIG. 8 illustrates a flexible catheter shaft of the present disclosure with sections cut away to reveal internal construction and having multiple outer jackets.

(9) Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings. It should be understood that the Figures as shown herein are not necessarily to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE

(10) The present disclosure provides a flexible catheter shaft suitable for use in the human vasculature for known medical procedures, such as renal ablation procedures. Catheters utilizing flexible catheter shafts according to the present disclosure advantageously exhibit improved maneuverability, flexibility, and kink resistance. For purposes of this description, the disclosure will be described in connection with an elongate electrophysiology catheter. It is contemplated, however, that the described features and methods may be incorporated into any number of catheters (e.g., steerable catheters, introducer catheters, and the like) as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the disclosure herein.

(11) More specifically, the present disclosure provides a strong, flexible catheter shaft that includes a nitinol tube having a series of cuts on at least a distal end. In many embodiments, the distal end will include two set of cuts on the distal end, with the two sets being of a different shape or pattern to improve flexibility and strength. The flexible catheter shaft further includes a spring coil and an outer jacket, which may be constructed of multiple materials having different characteristics. The flexible catheter shaft provides a shaft having sufficient stiffness and kink resistance to allow an operator to advance an electrode basket connected to the flexible catheter shaft through a guide catheter to a target ablation site without causing vessel trauma. The distal tip of the flexible catheter shaft is designed to have sufficient flexibility to reduce any risk of kicking out a guide catheter when tracking the electrode basket around various turns in the vasculature of a patient. In many embodiments, the flexible catheter shaft may be sized and configured to be used in combination with a 6 French guide catheter while still allowing sufficient room between the guide catheter and flexible catheter shaft for a contrast agent to pass. Although described in detail herein with regard to a 6 French guide catheter, one skilled in the art will recognize that the flexible catheter shaft may be sized and configured to be used with other size guide catheters and the like.

(12) The flexible catheter shaft of the present disclosure additionally provides sufficient column strength to facilitate the opening of an electrode basket attached thereto through the use of an activation wire that is routed through the interior of the flexible catheter shaft, while maintaining a consistent length as it is tracked through a tortuous pathway inside of a patient. Additionally, the flexible catheter shaft provides controllable torque such that the electrode basket attached thereto can easily be rotated between ablation cycles, while maintaining a sufficiently large internal diameter to allow for the passage of the activation wire and other electrical wires to the handle of the catheter system. In one example, it can be rotated 45 degrees.

(13) Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIGS. 1 and 2, a conventional catheter system 2 is shown by way of background and reference. Catheter system 2 includes a flexible catheter 4, a handle 6 to which flexible catheter 4 is connected, and a conductor assembly 8 for electrically connecting catheter system 2 to a suitable power supply (not shown). As one example, catheter system 2 illustrated and described herein is suitably constructed for use as an ablation system, such as a renal or heart ablation system. More particularly, illustrated catheter system 2 is a multi-electrode renal denervation system. One example of such a catheter system 2 is currently made by St. Jude Medical, Inc. under the trade name EnligHTN. General operation of a multi-electrode renal denervation system is known to those of skill in the art and is not described further herein except to the extent necessary to describe the present embodiments. It is also understood that catheter system 2 may be used for any other suitable treatment or purpose without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, while catheter system 2 is illustrated and described herein as including flexible catheter 4, catheter system 2 may further include other components used, for example, to guide flexible catheter 4 into the patientsuch as, without limitation, a relatively more rigid guide catheter (not shown) or guide wire (not shown).

(14) Flexible catheter 4 includes an elongate, flexible hollow shaft 10 connected to handle 6 at or near a proximal or rear end of the catheter shaft (not shown because it is hidden by a connector at the front end of handle 6), and an electrode assembly 12 disposed at or near a distal or front end 14 of flexible hollow shaft 10. Electrode assembly 12 includes proximal end 13 and distal end 15. It is understood, however, that electrode assembly 12 may be disposed anywhere along flexible hollow catheter shaft 10 intermediate the proximal end and the distal end 14 thereof without departing from the scope of this disclosure. As used herein, the terms proximal and front, and distal and rear, are used with reference to the orientation of catheter system 2 illustrated in the various drawings and for the purpose of describing the various embodiments set forth herein, and are not intended as limiting the catheter system and related components to having any particular orientation upon assembly or during operation thereof. In particular, the terms proximal and rear refer to a longitudinal position that is relatively nearer to handle 6 while the terms distal and front refer to a longitudinal position that is relatively farther from handle 6.

(15) Illustrated electrode assembly 12 is in the form of what may be referred to as an electrode basket and includes struts 20, and is suitably configurable between a collapsed configuration (FIG. 1) for maneuvering and positioning the electrode assembly in the patient, and an expanded configuration (FIG. 2) for operation of the electrode assembly to perform a desired procedure such as an ablation procedure. An annular (e.g., ring-shaped) actuator 16 is mounted on handle 6 for rotation relative thereto and is operatively connected to electrode assembly 12 for selectively configuring the electrode assembly between its collapsed and expanded configurations. It is understood that another suitable actuator (e.g., slide, push button, lever, etc.) may be used instead of rotating actuator 16 to selectively configure electrode assembly 12 without departing from the scope of this disclosure. In some embodiments, electrode assembly 12 may be selectively adjustable between an infinite number of configurations (e.g., degrees of expansion) between its collapsed and expanded configurations using actuator 16.

(16) A control line, such as a suitable cable or pull wire 18 extends from electrode assembly 12 within hollow catheter shaft 10 and into the handle 6 for operative connection with the actuator to thereby operatively connect the actuator 16 with electrode assembly 12. In some embodiments two or more pull wires, cables or other suitable control lines or tubes may be used for selectively configuring electrode assembly 12. It is also understood that control line 18 may be any suitable control line other than a pull wire, such as a cable, string, tie, compression member or other suitable control to operatively connect electrode assembly 12 to actuator 16. A suitable electrical wire bundle (not shown) also extends through hollow catheter shaft 10 from handle 6 to electrode assembly 12 to deliver power to, and receive feedback from, electrode assembly 12.

(17) As noted herein, the flexible catheter shaft of the present disclosure includes a nitinol tube having a distal end and a proximal end, a spring coil disposed inside of the nitinol tube, an outer jacket covering the nitinol tube, and a pocket that extends past the distal end of the nitinol tube. The flexible catheter shaft is sized and configured to be attached at the distal end to a suitable electrode basket (i.e., the electrode basket fits inside of the pocket) and attached at the proximal end to a catheter handle. The nitinol tube includes at least one set of cuts on at least a portion of the distal end, and in many desirable embodiments, includes at least a first set of cuts and a second set of cuts on the distal end, wherein the first set of cuts is different from the second set of cuts. Further, in many embodiments, the proximal end of the nitinol tube will also include a first set of cuts. The cuts in the nitinol tube on the distal end are introduced thereon to facilitate flexibility of the distal end and tip upon use of the flexible catheter shaft, as well as to facilitate the locking of the spring coil to the distal end of the nitinol tube during manufacturing as disclosed herein. The cuts in the nitinol tube on the proximal end are introduced thereon to facilitate the locking of the spring coil to the proximal end of the nitinol tube during manufacturing, also as disclosed herein.

(18) Referring now to FIGS. 3 and 4, there is shown a flexible catheter shaft 100 in accordance with the present disclosure that includes nitinol tube 104 having distal end 105 and proximal end 107. Nitinol tube 104 has spring coil 102 disposed therein. Outer jacket 106 covers nitinol tube 104, and pocket 108 extends past distal end 105 of nitinol tube 104. As noted above, nitinol tube 104 includes various cuts on distal end 105 (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) and optionally proximal end 107 (not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4).

(19) Referring now to FIG. 4, which as noted above is not necessarily drawn to scale, flexible catheter shaft 100, including pocket 108, has a length A an outer diameter B and an inner diameter F at proximal end 107 of flexible catheter shaft 100. Pocket 108 has a length C extending from distal end 105 of flexible catheter shaft 100 and has an outer diameter D and an inner diameter E. In many embodiments of the present disclosure, flexible catheter shaft 100 is sized and configured to allow for easy insertion through a 6 French guide catheter and to allow a contrast agent to be passed between flexible catheter shaft 100 and guide catheter during a procedure. Although generally sized and configured for insertion through a 6 French guide catheter, flexible catheter shaft 100 may be sized and configured for insertion through other sized guide catheters in accordance with the present disclosure.

(20) In many embodiments, length A will be from about 20 inches (about 50.8 centimeters) to about 80 inches (about 203.2 centimeters), including from about 30 inches (about 76.2 centimeters) to about 60 inches (about 152.4 centimeters), including from about 40 inches (about 101.6 centimeters) to about 60 inches (about 152.4 centimeters). In some embodiments, length A may be about 41 inches (about 104.1 centimeters), or about 42 inches (about 106.7 centimeters), or about 43 inches (about 109.2 centimeters) or about 44 inches (about 111.8 centimeters) or even about 45 inches (about 114.3 centimeters). In other embodiments, length A may be about 60 inches (about 152.4 centimeters) or even about 61 inches (about 154.9 centimeters). Outer diameter B may generally be less than 0.0650 inches (0.1651 centimeters), or even less than 0.0630 inches (0.1600 centimeters), or even less than 0.0610 inches (0.1549 centimeters). In some embodiments, outer diameter B may be about 0.0600 inches (about 0.1524 centimeters). Length C may generally be at least 0.075 inches (0.1905 centimeters), or at least 0.090 inches (0.229 centimeters), or even at least 0.150 inches (0.381 centimeters). In many embodiments, length C will be about 0.160 inches (about 0.406 centimeters). Outer diameter D may generally be less than 0.067 inches (0.170 centimeters), or even less than 0.066 inches (0.168 centimeters). In many embodiments, outer diameter D may be about 0.065 inches (about 0.165 centimeters). Inner diameter E may generally be less than 0.060 inches (0.152 centimeters), or even less than 0.058 inches (0.147 centimeters). In some embodiments, inner diameter E may be about 0.056 inches (about 0.142 centimeters. Inner diameter F may generally be less than 0.055 inches (0.139 centimeters), or even less than 0.052 inches (0.132 centimeters). In many embodiments, inner diameter F may be about 0.050 inches (about 0.127 centimeters). Of course, one skilled in art will recognize based on the disclosure herein that one or more of these dimensions may be changed depending upon exact design specifications.

(21) Nitinol tube 104 comprises a unitary tube of nitinol having superior superelastic properties. While other materials having superelastic properties similar to nitinol are within the scope of the present disclosure, nitinol is generally desirable. Nitinol is an approximately stoichiometric alloy of nickel and titanium, which may also include minor amounts of other metals to achieve desired properties. Nickel-titanium alloys are very elastic and are commonly referred to as superelastic or pseudoelastic. In many embodiments, the nitinol tube will have an outer diameter of from about 0.0400 inches (about 0.1016 centimeters) to about 0.0500 inches (about 0.127 centimeters), including about 0.0480 inches (about 0.1219 centimeters), and an inner diameter of from about 0.0400 inches (about 0.101 centimeters) to about 0.0500 inches (about 0.127 centimeters), including about 0.0420 inches (0.107 centimeters). In addition, in many embodiments, the nitinol tube will have a wall thickness of from about 0.003 inches (about 0.00762 centimeters) to about 0.006 inches (about 0.01524 centimeters), including from about 0.003 inches (about 0.00762 centimeters) to about 0.005 inches (about 0.0127 centimeters).

(22) As noted above, the nitinol tube component of the flexible catheter shaft generally includes various cuts and patterns therein to facilitate both improved flexibility of the catheter shaft, and also assist in locking in place the spring coil disposed within the nitinol tube. Generally, the nitinol tube will include at least one set of cuts on the distal end of the nitinol tube to increase the flexibility of the flexible catheter shaft and assist in locking down the spring coil disposed within the nitinol tube as noted herein. In many embodiments, the nitinol tube will include at least two sets of cuts on the distal end of the nitinol tube, where the first set of cuts will be of a different shape than the second set of cuts. Additionally, in other embodiments where the distal end of the nitinol tube may include a single set of cuts or two or more sets of cuts, the proximal end may also include a set of cuts to facilitate the locking down of the spring coil disposed within the nitinol tube at the proximal end. The cuts on the proximal end may be of the same or different shape as the first and/or second set of cuts.

(23) The cuts and cut patterns introduced onto the nitinol tube, either at the distal end only or at both the distal end and the proximal end, may be of any cut style or pattern sufficient to improve the flexibility of the nitinol tube and/or facilitate in the locking down of the inner spring coil. For example, the cuts may be in the form of spiral cuts, window cuts, dog bone cuts (see FIGS. 7 and 7A-7C, discussed in detail below), combinations of these, any other suitable cut pattern. In many embodiments, the distal end of the nitinol tube will include a first set of cuts and a second set of cuts, with the first set of cuts being of a different pattern than the first set of cuts.

(24) Referring now to FIG. 5, there is shown nitinol tube 104 having distal end 105 and proximal end 107. Nitinol tube 104 additionally includes a first set of cuts 120 and a second set of cuts 122 on distal end 105 and a third set of cuts 124 on proximal end 107. First set of cuts 120 on distal end 105 is different than second set of cuts 122 on distal end 105. First set of cuts 120 are illustrated in FIG. 5 in a spiral formation, while second set of cuts 122 are illustrated in a window formation. By including two different cut patterns on distal end 105 of nitinol tube 104, the flexibility of nitinol tube 104, and hence the flexible catheter shaft incorporating nitinol tube 104, can be controlled and customized.

(25) In many embodiments, the first set of cuts (illustrated in FIG. 5 as first set of cuts 120) will extend on nitinol tube 104 (towards proximal end 107) for a distance of about 0.25 inches (about 0.635 centimeters), or even about 0.50 inches (about 1.27 centimeters), or even about 0.75 inches (about 1.91 centimeters), or even about 0.90 inches (about 2.29 centimeters), or even about 1 inch (about 2.54 centimeters) or more. In some embodiments, first set of cuts 120 will begin at the end of distal end 105, and in other embodiments, first set of cuts 102 will begin at a distance X from the end of distal end 105, as illustrated in FIG. 5. Distance X may be, for example, 0.010 inches (0.025 centimeters), or even 0.020 inches (0.051 centimeters), or even 0.030 inches (0.076 centimeters), or even 0.040 inches (0.102 centimeters). In one embodiment, distance X may be about 0.034 inches (about 0.086 centimeters).

(26) Second set of cuts 122 may extend on nitinol tube 104 (towards proximal end 107) for a distance of about 1 inch (about 2.54 centimeters), or even 2 inches (5.08 centimeters), or even 3 inches (7.62 centimeters), or even 4 inches (10.16 centimeters), or even 5 inches (12.7 centimeters), or even 6 inches (15.24 centimeters) or more. In one embodiment, second set of cuts 122 extends on nitinol tube 104 for a distance of about 5 inches (about 12.7 centimeters). As such, in many embodiments, the total distance that first set of cuts 120 and second set of cuts 122 extend on nitinol tube 104 is about 5 inches (about 12.7 centimeters), or even about 6 inches (15.24 centimeters), or even about 7 inches (about 17.78 centimeters). In one desirable embodiment, the total distance that first set of cuts 120 and second set of cuts 122 extend on nitinol tube 104 is about 6 inches (about 15.24 centimeters).

(27) Third set of cuts 124 on proximal end 107 may extend from proximal end 107 (toward distal end 105) for a distance of about 0.1 inches (about 0.254 centimeters), or even 0.25 inches (0.635 centimeters), or even 0.5 inches (1.27 centimeters), or even 1 inch (2.54 centimeters). In a desirable embodiment, third set of cuts 124 on proximal end extends about 0.5 inches (about 1.27 centimeters). As noted, third set of cuts 124 is primarily used to assist in locking down the spring coil at the proximal end.

(28) Referring now to FIG. 6, there is shown one specific embodiment of a nitinol tube as disclosed in the present disclosure. FIG. 6 shows nitinol tube 104 having distal end 105 and proximal end 107. Distal end 105 includes first set of cuts 130 and second set of cuts 140. First set of cuts 130 are in a spiral pattern and second set of cuts 140 are in a window pattern. Proximal end 107 includes a third set of cuts 150 that are also in a window pattern. First set of cuts 130 and second set of cuts 140 impart flexibility to nitinol tube 104, and first set of cuts 130 and second set of cuts 150 also assist in locking down a spring coil (not shown) that is disposed inside of nitinol tube 104 during a reflowing process during manufacturing as described below in more detail.

(29) Referring now to FIGS. 7A-7D, there is shown another specific embodiment of a nitinol tube as disclosed in the present disclosure. FIGS. 7A-7D show nitinol tube 104 having distal end 105 and proximal end 107. Distal end 105 includes first set of cuts 180 and second set of cuts 190, 191, 192, and 193. First set of cuts 180 are in a spiral pattern and second set of cuts 190 (FIG. 7A), 191 (FIG. 7B), 192 (FIG. 7C), and 193 (FIG. 7D) are in a dog bone pattern. Proximal end 107 includes a third set of cuts 195 that are in a window pattern. First set of cuts 180 and second set of cuts 190, 191, 192, and 193 impart flexibility to nitinol tube 104 by reducing strain on nitinol tube 104. First set of cuts 180 and second set of cuts 190, 191, 192, and 193 also assist in locking down a spring coil (not shown) that is disposed inside of nitinol tube 104 during a reflowing process during manufacturing as described below in more detail. The dog bone pattern as illustrated in FIGS. 7A-7D allows for the flexibility of nitinol tube 104 to be customized as desired. In particular, in one embodiment, the spacing or placement of second set of cuts 190 would be sufficiently small such that during flexing of nitinol tube 104, second set of cuts 190 contact one another, thereby limiting motion and providing another degree of freedom for the design and performance of nitinol tube 104. Further, by modifying the dog bone pattern, such as is shown in FIGS. 7B-7D, the strain imposed on nitinol tube 104 at various points may be better distributed across nitinol tube 104. In particular, for example, the strain could be distributed across the larger end portions of the dog bone shape shown in FIGS. 7B and 7C, or could be distributed within the area between the cuts as shown in FIG. 7D.

(30) As noted above, the flexible catheter shaft described herein includes a spring coil disposed within the nitinol tube described above to impart further flexibility and strength to the nitinol tube, and hence the flexible catheter shaft including these components. Although the spring coil may be disposed within only a portion or portions of the nitinol tube (i.e., less than the entire length of the nitinol tube), it is generally desirable for the spring coil to be disposed within the nitinol tube such that it runs the entire length of the nitinol tube; that is, it is generally desirable that the nitinol tube and the spring coil be the same or similar length. Suitable spring coils (also commonly referred to in the art as rigidity compression coils) are well known in the art and commercially available from, for example, Motion Dynamics (Fruitport Charter Township, Mich.). One suitable example of a spring coil for use in the present disclosure has an outer diameter of about 0.040 inches (about 0.102 centimeters), an inner diameter of about 0.030 inches (about 0.076 centimeters), and is a rolled flat wire (about 0.0050 inches by about 0.0150 inches) (about 0.013 centimeters by about 0.038 centimeters). Based on the disclosure herein, one skilled in art will recognize that many other commercially available spring coils may be suitable for use in the present disclosure.

(31) As mentioned above, the flexible catheter shaft additionally includes an outer jacket that covers the nitinol tube and additionally forms the pocket that extends from the distal end of the nitinol tube, and is sized and configured for receiving at least a proximal end of an electrode basket. The outer jacket (and the pocket) may be comprised of a single material, or may be comprised of multiple materials having differing strengths and stiffnesses; that is, the outer jacket that covers one portion of the length of the flexible catheter shaft (and pocket) may be constructed of a different material than the outer jacket that covers a different portion of the length of the flexible catheter shaft (and pocket). In many embodiments, the outer jacket and pocket are comprised of two, three or more different materials as described herein to depart desired characteristics to the flexible catheter shaft.

(32) Suitable materials for constructing the outer jacket and pocket as described herein include, for example, thermoplastics, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyurethanes (urethane-based materials), nylon, polyether block amides (Pebax), and the like. Other heat settable plastics or superplastics are also suitable and known to those of ordinary skill in the art. Particularly desirable thermoplastic materials include Pebax polyether block amides. In many embodiments, two or three different Pebax materials, each with a different durometer value, are used to construct the outer jacket and pocket.

(33) In one specific example, the outer jacket covering the nitinol tube (and forming the pocket) comprises three different Pebax materials, each with a different durometer value to customize the flexibility and stiffness at various locations on the flexible catheter shaft. Referring now to FIG. 8, which illustrates a flexible catheter shaft of the present disclosure with sections cut away to reveal internal construction, there is shown flexible catheter shaft 500 including pocket 502 and proximal end 504. FIG. 8 also illustrates various sections of flexible catheter shaft 500 that each include an outer jacket comprised of a material having a different durometer value.

(34) Specifically, FIG. 8 shows Zone A having outer jacket 520 and including proximal end 504 of flexible catheter shaft 500 including a third set of window cuts 506. Zone A may, for example, have a length of about 36.5 inches (about 92.71 centimeters). FIG. 8 also shows Zone B having outer jacket 530 and including the length of flexible catheter shaft 500 having a second set of window cuts 535. Zone B may, for example, have a length of about 5 inches (about 12.7 centimeters). Also shown in FIG. 8 is Zone C having an outer jacket 540 and including the length of flexible catheter shaft 500 having a first set of spiral cuts 550. Zone C may, for example, have a length of about 1 inch (about 2.54 centimeters). Also shown in FIG. 8 is pocket 502 that may, for example, have a length of about 0.160 inches (about 0.406 centimeters).

(35) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 8, outer jacket 520 (Zone A) may be constructed from a Pebax material having a durometer value of about 72, outer jacket 530 (Zone B) may be constructed from a Pebax material having a durometer value of about 55, and outer jacket 540 (Zone C) may be constructed from a Pebax material having a durometer value of about 35. Pocket 502 (Zone D) may be constructed from a Pebax material having a durometer value of about 72. As such, in this illustrated embodiment, three different Pebax materials, each having a different durometer value, are used to construct flexible catheter shaft 500. Of course, one skilled in the art based on the disclosure herein will recognize that many combinations of durometer values could be used to construct the various outer jacket sections within the scope of the present disclosure.

(36) The flexible catheter shaft of the present disclosure may be manufactured by any suitable methodology based on the disclosure herein. In one example of a suitable manufacturing process, an appropriately sized nitinol tube is selected and the desired cuts introduced onto the surface thereof. The desired cuts, which may include a first (on a distal end), second (on a distal end), and third (on a proximal end) set of cuts as described herein, may be introduced to any suitable cutting method including, for example, laser cutting, sawing, chemical etching, and the like. Once the desired cuts have been introduced onto the nitinol surface at the appropriate locations, a suitable spring coil is introduced inside of the nitinol tube.

(37) After the spring coil has been positioned inside of the nitinol tube, the material to be used for the outer jacket, such as a Pebax or related material, is introduced around the exterior of the nitinol tube. The outer jacket material will generally be in the form of a tube that is slipped over the nitinol tube for further processing and reflowing. Of course, if the outer jacket as described herein is to be constructed of more than one material (that is, from materials having different durometer values), different tubes may be slipped over the desired area of the nitinol tube to form the final outer jacket. Once the desired tube or tubes of material for forming the outer jacket have been introduced over the nitinol tube and positioned, a mandrel is introduced inside of the spring coil. The mandrel is used to assist in forming the pocket as described herein, as well as to keep the outer jacket material from flowing into the interior of the spring coil.

(38) Once the mandrel has been positioned, heat shrink material is introduced over the tube or tubes used to form the outer jacket and pocket, and the entire assembly introduced into a reflow oven and the outer jacket material reflowed to form the outer jacket and pocket over the mandrel. During the reflow process, reflowed outer jacket material will flow through cuts in the nitinol tube material at the distal and proximal end and lock in place the spring coil. After the reflow is complete and has been allowed to cool, the heat shrink material and mandrel are removed to produce a final flexible catheter shaft. In some embodiments where two or more tubes of material, such as tubes of Pebax, are used to form the outer jacket and pocket, it may be desirable to apply axial pressure to the nitinol tube during the reflow process to further the joining of the various tubes of material into a single, substantially continuous outer jacket.

(39) Although certain embodiments of this disclosure have been described above with a certain degree of particularity, those skilled in the art could make numerous alterations to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. All directional references (e.g., upper, lower, upward, downward, left, right, leftward, rightward, top, bottom, above, below, vertical, horizontal, clockwise, and counterclockwise) are only used for identification purposes to aid the reader's understanding of the present disclosure, and do not create limitations, particularly as to the position, orientation, or use of the disclosure. Joinder references (e.g., attached, coupled, connected, and the like) are to be construed broadly and may include intermediate members between a connection of elements and relative movement between elements. As such, joinder references do not necessarily infer that two elements are directly connected and in fixed relation to each other. It is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not limiting. Changes in detail or structure may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims.

(40) When introducing elements of the present disclosure or the preferred embodiment(s) thereof, the articles a, an, the, and said are intended to mean that there are one or more of the elements. The terms comprising, including, and having are intended to be inclusive and mean that there may be additional elements other than the listed elements.

(41) As various changes could be made in the above constructions without departing from the scope of the disclosure, it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.