Building membrane with porous pressure sensitive adhesive

Abstract

A breathable multilayer spun bonded polypropylene membrane having a coated pressure sensitive adhesive capable of allowing air and moisture vapor to pass through it. The adhesive is formed of a copolymer comprising a backbone of n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate which is mixed with a surfactant and emulsified to produce bubbles which form pores when the copolymer is set with about 80% to about 90% of the pore sizes ranging from about 200 microns to about 300 microns and a pore density in the cured pressure sensitive adhesive ranging from about 4200 per inch.sup.2 to about 4600 per inch.sup.2, said pores being uniformly distributed to form a flow path through the adhesive.

Claims

1. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane comprising: a plurality of permeable plastic sheets secured together; a coating of permeable pressure sensitive adhesive coated to an outer surface of one sheet of said membrane, said pressure sensitive adhesive comprising: a copolymer with a backbone of n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate, in an amount between 45% and 50%, inclusive, of the total weight of the pressure sensitive adhesive uncured, a first surfactant, that includes an ethoxylated acetylenic diol that includes 30% to less than 50% docusate sodium, and 30% to less than 50% ethoxylated 2, 4, 7, 9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4, 7 diol, in an amount between 4% and 6%, inclusive, of the total weight of the pressure sensitive adhesive uncured, and that promotes emulsification and foaming when the pressure sensitive adhesive is mixed to foam the pressure sensitive adhesive, a second surfactant in an amount between 1.5% and 2%, inclusive, of the total weight of the pressure sensitive adhesive uncured, that promotes foaming when the pressure sensitive adhesive is mixed to foam the pressure sensitive adhesive, a thickener, that includes C.sub.10H.sub.14N.sub.5NA.sub.2O.sub.12P.sub.3, in an amount between 0.2% and 0.4%, inclusive, of the total weight of the pressure sensitive adhesive uncured, and that increases the viscosity of the pressure sensitive adhesive when the adhesive is mixed to foam the pressure sensitive adhesive, and water in an amount between 40% and 50%, inclusive, of the total weight of the pressure sensitive adhesive uncured, wherein after the pressure sensitive adhesive is mixed and cured, the pressure sensitive adhesive includes interconnected pores that provide a path through the pressure sensitive adhesive through which water vapor may flow at a transmission rate ranging from about 20 Perms to about 70 Perms.

2. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pressure sensitive porous adhesive has a vapor permeability ranging from 40 to 50 Perms.

3. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 1 wherein said pressure sensitive adhesive has a pore density which ranges from about 4000 pores per in.sup.2 to about 4600 pores per in.sup.2 with about 80% to about 90% of said pores having a pore size ranging from about 200 microns to about 300 microns.

4. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 1 wherein said adhesive pore configuration is primarily round and oval.

5. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 1 wherein said pressure sensitive adhesive contains a flame-retardant material.

6. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 5 wherein said flame retardant material is Antimony Oxide.

7. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 5 wherein said flame retardant material is present in said pressure sensitive adhesive in a range of about 0.5% to about 3% of the total weight of said pressure sensitive adhesive uncured.

8. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 1 wherein said cured pressure sensitive adhesive has a pore density of about 4400 inch.sup.2.

9. An air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane as claimed in claim 1 wherein said permeable pressure sensitive adhesive has a backbone structure of n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate as shown by the following formula: ##STR00002##

10. The air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane of claim 1 wherein the plurality of permeable plastic sheets includes permeable spun bonded polypropylene sheets.

11. The air permeable and vapor permeable building membrane of claim 1 wherein the plurality of permeable plastic sheets are secured together to form a laminate.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a roll of the inventive construction membrane;

(2) FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross sectional view of the construction membrane shown in FIG. 1;

(3) FIG. 3 is a scanning electron microscopy photograph of the porous adhesive used with the construction membrane at 50× magnification; and

(4) FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscopy photograph of the porous adhesive used with the construction membrane at 200× magnification.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(5) The preferred embodiment and best mode of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1-4.

(6) A building construction envelope or laminate membrane 10 is constructed of multilayer sheets 12 of spun bonded porous polypropylene secured to a liner 13 having a layer of porous pressure sensitive adhesive 14 coated over the entire surface. The adhesive surface is covered by a removable film cover 15. When the film cover is removed, the membrane is mounted to a wall board 16 or roofing material. Cladding 18 in the form of one or more sheets of material is fastened over the outer surface of membrane 10 as shown in FIG. 2. Air and vapor flow is shown by Arrows A.

(7) Each sheet 12 is constructed of non-woven polypropylene fibers and the sheets are secured together to form a laminate. The membrane 10 is produced as a roll of sheet material 20, preferably 164 feet in length and with a width of 58-60 inches. The membrane 10 is water resistant with air permeability and has a water vapor transmission greater than 20 Perms, preferably ranging from 50 to 70 Perms. The produced membranes are inert and can be recycled into their original bed form for reuse.

(8) The pressure sensitive porous adhesive 14 is coated onto the bottom layer or liner 13 of spun bonded polypropylene liner sheet which is secured as is well known in the art to another sheet or sheets of spun bonded polypropylene 12 to form a laminate membrane 10. The composite structure of the present invention has a high vapor permeability (50-70 Perms) and the adhesive breathes allowing vapor to escape and air to circulate while being water resistant.

(9) A Perm is a unit of water vapor transmission defined as 1 grain of water vapor per square foot per hour per inch of mercury pressure difference (1 inch mercury=0.49 psi). The metric unit of measure is ng/m2 s Pa. 1 perm=55 ng/m2 s Pa. Permeability is the time rate of water vapor transmission through unit area of a material of unit thickness induced by unit vapor pressure difference between two specific surfaces, under specified temperature and humidity conditions. Membranes with a higher Perm value greater than 20 reduce the risk of condensation and promote escape of moisture through the building envelope. Additionally, membranes with a high Penn value can help building materials dry-out during the construction phase.

(10) The copolymer portion of the pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) has a backbone consisting of n-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, and vinyl acetate. The n-butyl acrylate compound has a CH.sub.2 (A) linked to a CH (B) with a linked chain of carbon U and linked oxygen with a chain of CH.sub.2 (C), CH.sub.2 (D), CH.sub.2 (E) and CH.sub.3 (F). The polymer 2-ethylhexyl acrylate has CH.sub.2 (G) linked to CH (H) with a linked chain of carbon V and linked oxygen with a chain of CH.sub.2 (I), CH (J), CH.sub.2 (K), CH.sub.3 (L) and a chain of CH.sub.2 (M′), CH.sub.2 (N), CH.sub.2 (O) and CH.sub.3 (P). The polymer vinyl acetate has a CH.sub.2 (Q) link to CH (R) which is in turn linked to an oxygen linked to a carbon (W) linked to an oxygen and CH.sub.3 (S). The structure of the backbone is shown in Table I below as follows:

(11) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I (Structure of PSA Polymer Backbone)

(12) The adhesive fully bonds to almost any substitute for air tightness and ease of installation and requires no primer.

(13) The pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) is an acrylic solution. The polymeric portion of the PSA makes up at least 95% of the adhesive formulation and has a copolymer backbone of n-butyl acrylate (about 60% by weight), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (about 32% by weight) and vinyl acetate (about 7% by weight) forming a copolymer solvent blend capable of accepting water. Proper foaming of the adhesive is critical to good micropore formation. The aeration process includes high sheer mixing to entrain air in the mixed liquid solution. Once the proper foam level is produced, the adhesive needs to be coated on the liner and the micropores formed. The coating method used with the present invention was a blade coater. This is a non-contact coating method and it does not crush or destroy the foam during coating. It should be noted that other coating methods such as Meyer rod, comma coating and pattern bar coating were attempted but found to be detrimental to suitable micropore formation. After coating, the adhesive must be heated to lock-in the micropore formation. The adhesive in the present invention was reformulated by adding surfactants and water to the copolymer to control bubble size, bubble density, viscosity, and stability of the copolymer. The peel value of the adhesive is reduced by the introduction of voids (air bubbles) and the addition of surfactant such as long chain alcohols create a stable inverse emulsion. The peel value of the presently formulated adhesive during testing using dynamic peel data from stainless steel (Peel Adhesion ASTM D-3330) was about 25 oz. in at 1 minute; 27.5 oz. in at 10 minutes and 36.5 oz. in at 24 hours.

(14) Microscopy of the modified adhesive surface was performed revealing a porous structure of the inventive adhesive having a bubble density (number of pores) ranging from about 4000 pores in 1.0 in.sup.2 to about 4600 pores in 1.0 in.sup.2, preferably about 4400 pores in 1.0 in.sup.2 with a majority of the pores, preferably about 80% to about 90% of the bubbles/pores having a size ranging from about 200 microns to about 300 microns. See FIGS. 3 and 4. The pores formed are generally round and oval in shape and form a vapor pathway through the adhesive layer. The majority of the pores 100 formed by the bubbles appear to be distributed evenly across the surface penetrating through the adhesive layer when the polymer mixture is heat treated to set the pores in the adhesive. The pore distribution is shown in FIG. 4. Preferably, the density of the foamed adhesive should fall between about 0.65 and about 0.75 after aeration.

(15) The reformatted PSA was manufactured as follows:

(16) The adhesive copolymer as shown in Table I ranged from about 45% by weight to about 50% by weight, preferably about 48% to about 49% by weight. The copolymer was mixed with a first solvent-free, surfactant-based wetting agent, sold under the tradename SURFONYL® PSA-336 (Ethoxylated Acetylenic Diols—more specifically, Docusate sodium, >=30% to <50%, and Ethoxylated 2, 4, 7, 9-tetramethyl 5 decyn-4, 7 diol, >=30% to <50%), preferably ranging from about 4% by weight to about 6% by weight, and most preferably about 5% by weight to provide emulsification and bubble size; and a second surfactant such as a foaming agent, sold under the tradename MICROFOAM® CTFM-A (a proprietary blend of methyl and butyl alcohols from Stepan Company located at 22 West Frontage Road, Northfield, Ill. 60093), ranging from about 1.5% by weight to about 2.0% by weight, and preferably about 1.7% by weight to provide foam formation. A polymeric based water thickener, sold under the tradename SUPERCOL® U (Guar Gum—more specifically, C.sub.10H.sub.14N.sub.5NA.sub.2O.sub.12P.sub.3), was added to the mixture in a range from about 0.2% by weight to about 0.4% by weight, preferably about 0.30% by weight. The composition was added to water ranging from about 40% by weight to about 50% by weight, preferably about 43% by weight to about 45% by weight and mixed in a highspeed dispersion mixer at 500 rpm to form uniform bubbles in the mixture and fed into a coater feeder as previously described. The foamed adhesive was coated onto a porous polypropylene liner sheet and heat cured to form an adhesive laminate with pores in place. The adhesive coated porous liner was then secured to a laminate constructed of spun polypropylene. The resultant foamed adhesive had average MVTR (g/m.sup.2 day) of about 500 with a Peel adh @180° (measured stability) ranging from about 65 to 15, preferably about 40.

(17) The pressure sensitive porous adhesive construction membrane is preferably made by adding a coating of adhesive to the bottom or liner sheet with the composition of the adhesive noted above. The porous adhesive is manufactured in the following steps:

(18) A copolymer with a backbone of n-butyl acrylate (about 60% by weight), 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (about 32% by weight) and vinyl acetate (about 7% by weight) is added to a container;

(19) Water is added in an amount ranging from about 40% by weight to about 50% by weight to the copolymer and mixed to lower viscosity;

(20) A first surfactant ranging from about 4% to about 5% by weight is added to the copolymer/water mixture to provide emulsification;

(21) A second surfactant ranging from about 0.15% to about 0.4% by weight is added to the mixture and mixed for about 20 minutes to provide thickening;

(22) The final adhesive mixture is moved to a high speed dispersion mixer to aerate the adhesive mixture, mixed for about 10 to about 15 minutes at about 5000 rpm to provide emulsification forming the bubbles throughout the adhesive and poured into a coater feeder;

(23) The aerated adhesive is coated onto a release liner using a blade coater which coats the liner between 3 and 5 mils thickness with the preferred thickness being about 4.0 mils;

(24) The adhesive coated liner is dried and heat cured at temperatures ranging from about 165° F. to about 265° F. for a sufficient time to form a laminate and cure or set the bubbles (pores) in place; and

(25) Spun polypropylene laminate is then secured to a porous adhesive liner.

(26) In a modified version, a flame retardant material Antimony Oxide was added to the adhesive mixture at about 2% by weight to about 3% by weight. Other flame retardant materials suitable for use with the adhesive may include halogenated fire suppressants, hydrated inorganic compounds such as aluminum trihydrate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium borate and zinc borate, intumescent phosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, organic and inorganic phosphate compounds such as ammonium sulfate, sulfamate compounds and free radical scavenger materials such as antimony trioxide.

(27) The principles, preferred embodiments and modes of operation of the present invention have been described in the foregoing specification. However, the invention should not be construed as limited to the particular embodiments which have been described above. Instead, the embodiments described here should be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive. Variations and changes may be made by others without departing from the scope of the present inventions defined by the following claims.