Device and method for splicing shielded wire cables

Abstract

A wire cable assembly, such as those used in electric or hybrid electric vehicles, having a plurality of shielded wire cables spliced together. The center conductors are joined together and enclosed in an inner insulator. The shield conductors of the cable are joined by an electrically conductive sleeve enclosing the inner insulator and attached to the shield conductors of the shielded wire cables. The sleeve separates the outer insulating layers of the shielded wire cables. The sleeve is encased by an outer insulator that is sealed to the outer insulating layers of the shielded wire cables. A method of splicing shielded wire cables together is also presented.

Claims

1. A wire harness assembly comprising: a first shielded wire cable having a first core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a first shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a first insulative jacket; a second shielded wire cable having a second core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a second shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a second insulative jacket; a third shielded wire cable having a third core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a third shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a third insulative jacket, wherein the first, second and third core conductors are directly joined to form a joined portion and the first, second, and third shield conductors are physically separated one from another; a conductive sleeve defining a longitudinal axis and a first axial passage enclosing a portion of the first, second, and third shield conductors and defining a first contact attached to the first shield conductor, a second contact attached to the second shield conductor, and a third contact attached to the third shield conductor, wherein the first, second, and third insulative jackets are separated one from another and wherein enclosed portions of the of the first, second, and third shield conductors are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis, wherein the sleeve defines a crimping wing configured to form the first contact and wherein the sleeve defines a U-shaped slot configured to form the second and third contact; and an outer insulator sealably engaging the first, second, and third insulative jackets and enclosing the conductive sleeve.

2. The wire harness assembly according to claim 1, further comprising an inner insulator disposed within the first axial passage and defining a second axial passage enclosing the joined portion of the first, second, and third core conductors.

3. The wire harness assembly according to claim 2, wherein the inner insulator and the sleeve have a generally elliptical cross section.

4. The wire harness assembly according to claim 2, wherein a portion of the second axial passage is narrowed such that only a single shielded cable may be disposed within the portion of the second axial passage.

5. The wire harness assembly according to claim 2, wherein the first, second, and third contact are attached to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively by a plurality of ferrules.

6. The wire harness assembly according to claim 5, wherein the sleeve includes a first sleeve portion configured to be joined to a second sleeve portion.

7. The wire harness assembly according to claim 6, wherein the inner insulator includes a first inner insulator portion configured to be joined to a second inner insulator portion.

8. The wire harness assembly according to claim 1, wherein the first, second, and third contact each define a hole configured to allow injection of solder paste into the interior of the first, second, and third contacts.

9. The wire harness assembly according to claim 8, further comprising a plurality of ferrules attached to each of the first, second, and third shield conductors, wherein the first, second, and third contacts are attached to at least one of the plurality of ferrules.

10. The wire harness assembly according to claim 9, wherein at least one ferrule in the plurality of ferrules is formed of solder.

11. A system, comprising: a battery pack having a first terminal and a second terminal; a first and second electrical load electrically coupled to the battery pack; and a first wire harness assembly which comprises: a first shielded wire cable, a second shielded wire cable, and a third shielded wire cable, wherein first, second, and third core conductors of the first, second, and third shielded wire cable are directly joined and wherein the first shielded wire cable is connected to the first terminal, the second shielded wire cable is connected to the first electrical load, and the third shielded wire cable is connected to the second electrical load; a second wire harness assembly which comprises: a fourth shielded wire cable, a fifth shielded wire cable, and a sixth shielded wire cable, wherein the fourth, fifth, and sixth core conductors of the fourth, fifth, and sixth shielded wire cable are directly joined and wherein the fourth shielded wire cable is connected to the second terminal via a fusible link, the fifth shielded wire cable is connected to the first electrical load, and the sixth shielded wire cable is connected to the second electrical load; and a controller in communication with the first and second electrical load and configured to control the first and second electrical load so that a current flowing through the fourth shielded wire cable is less than a threshold required to open the fusible link.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein each pair of first and second wire harness assemblies are connected to only one fusible link.

13. A method of splicing shielded wire cables together, comprising the steps of: providing a first shielded wire cable having a first core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a first shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a first insulative jacket; providing a second shielded wire cable having a second core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a second shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a second insulative jacket; providing a third shielded wire cable having a third core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a third shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a third insulative jacket; providing a shield defining a longitudinal axis, a first axial passage, and a first, second, and third contact configured to be electrically connected to the first, second, and third shield conductor respectively, said shield formed of a conductive material; providing an inner insulator defining a second axial passage, said inner insulator formed of a dielectric material; joining the first core conductor to the second core conductor and the third core conductor; disposing the joined first, second, and third inner conductors within the second axial passage; disposing the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors within the first axial passage, wherein portions of the of the first, second, and third shield conductors disposed within the inner insulator are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis; separating the first, second, and third insulative jackets one from another; attaching the first contact to the first shield conductor, the second contact to the second shield conductor, and the third contact to the third shield conductor, thereby providing a conductive path between the first, second, and third shield conductors; providing an outer insulator formed of a nonconductive material; disposing the shield within the outer insulator; and sealably engaging the outer insulator to the first, second, and third insulative jackets, thereby enclosing the shield within the outer insulator, wherein the joined first, second, and third inner conductors are slidably disposed within the second axial passage.

14. The method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of: providing a first, second, and third ferrule; and attaching the first, second, and third ferrule to the first, the second, and the third shield conductors respectively.

15. The method of claim 13, wherein the first, second, and third contact each define a hole, the method further comprising the steps of: injecting solder paste into the interior of the first, second, and third contacts through the hole defined therein; and heating the solder paste until it reflows, thereby soldering the first, second, and third contacts to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively.

16. The method of claim 13, further comprising the steps of: providing a first, second, and third ferrule; and crimping the first, the second, and the third ferrule to the first, second, and third contacts respectively, thereby attaching the first, second, and third contacts to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the sleeve includes a first sleeve portion and a second sleeve portion, the method further comprising the step of: joining the first sleeve portion to the second sleeve portion, thereby disposing the joined first, second, and third inner conductors within the second axial passage.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the inner insulator includes a first inner insulator portion and a second inner insulator portion, the method further comprising the step of: joining the first inner insulator portion to the second inner insulator portion, thereby disposing the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors within the first axial passage.

19. A method of splicing shielded wire cables together, comprising the steps of: providing a first shielded wire cable having a first core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a first shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a first insulative jacket; providing a second shielded wire cable having a second core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a second shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a second insulative jacket; providing a third shielded wire cable having a third core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a third shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a third insulative jacket; providing a shield defining a longitudinal axis, a first axial passage, and a first, second, and third contact configured to be electrically connected to the first, second, and third shield conductor respectively, said shield formed of a conductive material; providing an inner insulator defining a second axial passage, said inner insulator formed of a dielectric material; joining the first core conductor to the second core conductor and the third core conductor; disposing the joined first, second, and third inner conductors within the second axial passage; disposing the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors within the first axial passage, wherein portions of the of the first, second, and third shield conductors disposed within the inner insulator are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis; separating the first, second, and third insulative jackets one from another; attaching the first contact to the first shield conductor, the second contact to the second shield conductor, and the third contact to the third shield conductor, thereby providing a conductive path between the first, second, and third shield conductors; providing an outer insulator formed of a nonconductive material; disposing the shield within the outer insulator; and sealably engaging the outer insulator to the first, second, and third insulative jackets, thereby enclosing the shield within the outer insulator, wherein the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors are slidably disposed within the first axial passage.

20. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of: providing a first, second, and third ferrule; and attaching the first, second, and third ferrule to the first, the second, and the third shield conductors respectively.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the first, second, and third contact each define a hole, the method further comprising the steps of: injecting solder paste into the interior of the first, second, and third contacts through the hole defined therein; and heating the solder paste until it reflows, thereby soldering the first, second, and third contacts to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively.

22. The method of claim 19, further comprising the steps of: providing a first, second, and third ferrule; and crimping the first, the second, and the third ferrule to the first, second, and third contacts respectively, thereby attaching the first, second, and third contacts to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively.

23. The method of claim 22, wherein the sleeve includes a first sleeve portion and a second sleeve portion, the method further comprising the step of: joining the first sleeve portion to the second sleeve portion, thereby disposing the joined first, second, and third inner conductors within the second axial passage.

24. The method of claim 22, wherein the inner insulator includes a first inner insulator portion and a second inner insulator portion, the method further comprising the step of: joining the first inner insulator portion to the second inner insulator portion, thereby disposing the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors within the first axial passage.

25. A method of splicing shielded wire cables together, comprising the steps of: providing a first shielded wire cable having a first core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a first shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a first insulative jacket; providing a second shielded wire cable having a second core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a second shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a second insulative jacket; providing a third shielded wire cable having a third core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a third shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a third insulative jacket; providing a shield defining a longitudinal axis, a first axial passage, and a first, second, and third contact configured to be electrically connected to the first, second, and third shield conductor respectively, said shield formed of a conductive material; providing an inner insulator defining a second axial passage, said inner insulator formed of a dielectric material; joining the first core conductor to the second core conductor and the third core conductor; disposing the joined first, second, and third inner conductors within the second axial passage; disposing the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors within the first axial passage, wherein portions of the of the first, second, and third shield conductors disposed within the inner insulator are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis; separating the first, second, and third insulative jackets one from another; attaching the first contact to the first shield conductor, the second contact to the second shield conductor, and the third contact to the third shield conductor, thereby providing a conductive path between the first, second, and third shield conductors; providing an outer insulator formed of a nonconductive material; disposing the shield within the outer insulator; and sealably engaging the outer insulator to the first, second, and third insulative jackets, thereby enclosing the shield within the outer insulator, wherein the outer insulator further includes an end cap configured to sealably engage the outer insulator and at least one shielded wire cable and wherein the method further comprises the steps of sealably engaging the end cap with the at least one shielded wire cable, and sealably engaging the end cap with the outer insulator, thereby enclosing the shield within the outer insulator.

26. A system, comprising: a battery pack having a first terminal and a second terminal; a first and a second electrical load electrically coupled to the battery pack; a first wire harness assembly including a first shielded wire cable having a first core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a first shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a first insulative jacket, a second shielded wire cable having a second core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a second shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a second insulative jacket; a third shielded wire cable having a third core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a third shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a third insulative jacket, wherein the first, second and third core conductors are directly joined and the first, second, and third shield conductors are electrical coupled to one another, wherein the first shielded wire cable is connected to the first terminal, the second shielded wire cable is connected to the first electrical load, and the third shielded wire cable is connected to the second electrical load; a second wire harness assembly including a fourth shielded wire cable having a fourth core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a fourth shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a fourth insulative jacket, a fifth shielded wire cable having a fifth core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a fifth shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a fifth insulative jacket; a sixth shielded wire cable having a sixth core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a sixth shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a sixth insulative jacket, wherein the fourth, fifth, and sixth core conductors are directly joined and the fourth, fifth, and sixth shield conductors are electrical coupled to one another, wherein the fourth shielded wire cable is connected to the second terminal via a fusible link, the fifth shielded wire cable is connected to the first electrical load, and the sixth shielded wire cable-is connected to the second electrical load and a controller in communication with the first and second electrical load and configured to control the first and second electrical load so that a current flowing through the fourth shielded wire cable is less than a threshold required to open the fusible link.

27. The system of claim 26, wherein each pair of first and second wire harness assemblies are connected to only one fusible link.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

(1) The present invention will now be described, by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a prior art electrical load connection scheme;

(3) FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrical load connection scheme in accordance with a first and second embodiment;

(4) FIG. 3 is an illustration of a wire harness assembly having a center conductor splice connection in accordance with the first embodiment;

(5) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a wire harness assembly having an inner insulator pre-loaded on a shielded wire cable in accordance with the first embodiment;

(6) FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a wire harness assembly having the inner insulator enclosing the center conductor splice connection in accordance with the first embodiment;

(7) FIG. 6 is semi-transparent perspective view of the inner insulator of the wire harness assembly of FIG. 5 enclosing the center conductor splice connection in accordance with the first embodiment;

(8) FIG. 7 is a cut-away view of the inner insulator of the wire harness assembly of FIG. 6 enclosing the center conductor splice connection in accordance with the first embodiment;

(9) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a wire harness assembly having a shield pre-loaded on the shielded wire cable in accordance with the first embodiment;

(10) FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the shield the wire harness assembly of FIG. 8 enclosing the inner insulator in accordance with the first embodiment;

(11) FIG. 10 is a cut-away view of the shield of the wire harness assembly of FIG. 9 enclosing the inner insulator in accordance with the first embodiment;

(12) FIG. 11A is a perspective view of crimping a contact of the wire harness assembly of FIG. 10 to a shield conductor in accordance with the first embodiment;

(13) FIG. 11B is a top close up view of the contacts and wire separation of the wire harness assembly of FIG. 10 in accordance with the first embodiment;

(14) FIG. 12 is a perspective view of an outer insulator enclosing the shield of the wire harness assembly of FIG. 10 in accordance with the first embodiment;

(15) FIG. 13 is a perspective view of the wire harness assembly in accordance with the first embodiment;

(16) FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a wiring harness assembly in accordance with a second embodiment;

(17) FIG. 15 is perspective view of an inner insulator of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 in accordance with the second embodiment;

(18) FIG. 16 is a perspective view of an assembly of the inner insulators of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 in accordance with the second embodiment;

(19) FIG. 17 is a perspective view of an assembly of inner insulators of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 disposed within a portion of a sleeve in accordance with the second embodiment;

(20) FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an assembly of inner insulators of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 enclosed within a sleeve in accordance with the second embodiment;

(21) FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an assembly of fastening devices to contacts defined by the sleeve of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 in accordance with the second embodiment;

(22) FIG. 20 is perspective view of a sleeve of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 in accordance with the second embodiment;

(23) FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an assembly of a shield assembly within an outer insulator of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 in accordance with the second embodiment;

(24) FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an assembly of end caps to shielded wire cables of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 in accordance with the second embodiment;

(25) FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an assembly of the end caps to the outer insulator of the wiring harness assembly of FIG. 14 in accordance with the second embodiment;

(26) FIG. 24 is a perspective view of the outer insulator of the wiring harness assembly connected to another outer insulator of another wiring harness assembly in accordance with the second embodiment;

(27) FIG. 25A is a side view of two wiring harness assemblies disposed within a wiring conduit in accordance with the second embodiment;

(28) FIG. 25B is an end view of two wiring harness assemblies disposed within a wiring conduit in accordance with the second embodiment;

(29) FIGS. 26A, 26B, and 26C are views of a wiring harness assembly including four shielded wire cables in accordance with a third embodiment; and

(30) FIGS. 27A and 27B are flow charts of a method of splicing shielded wire cables together in accordance with the first and second embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(31) Described herein are devices and a methods for splicing two or more shielded wire cables together. The devices and methods may be used to splice shielded wire cables with a single center conductor or multiple center connectors. The devices and methods described herein may be used to splice together two shield wire cables, for example to repair a cut cable. The devices and methods described herein may also be used to splice one shielded wire cable to two or more shielded wire cables to form a Y-splice. The devices and methods described herein may be used for splicing a variety of shielded wire cables types, for example shielded wire cables for communication transmissions, such as RG-59 cable, or high voltage shielded wire cables designed for electrical or hybrid electrical vehicles.

(32) FIG. 1 illustrates a prior art scheme for connecting electrical loads 1 to a battery pack 2, such as in an electric vehicle. Each electrical load 1 requires a pair of high voltage shielded wire cables (positive 3 and negative 4 polarity) running from the battery pack 2 to the electrical load 1 and a separate fuse 5 protecting each of the circuits.

(33) FIG. 2 illustrates a non-limiting example of a scheme for connecting electrical loads 11 to a battery pack 12, such as in an electric vehicle by splicing together a pair of positive cables 13 and a pair of negative cables 14 using the devices and methods presented herein. The inventors discovered that several circuits may be combined and share a single fuse 15, for example because the electrical loads 11 are not used concurrently. The electrical loads 11 may also be connected to a controller 22 that enables the electrical loads 11 to operate one at a time so that they are not used concurrently or the controller may monitor the current used by each of the electrical loads 11 and control each of the electrical loads 11 so that the total current used by the electrical loads 11 is less than the current rating required to blow, or open, the fuse 15. The inventors realized that a pair of high voltage shielded wire cables 13, 14 to these electrical loads 1 could be spliced together as shown in FIG. 2 with a shielded cable splice device 20, hereinafter device 20, that connects the center conductors 17 of the shielded wire cables 13, 14 while maintaining isolation and continuity of the shield conductors (not shown) of the shielded wire cables 13, 14, thereby reducing the length of shielded wire cable 13, 14 required to interconnect the electrical loads 11 to the battery pack 12, thus reducing shielded wire cable 13, 14 cost, weight, packaging space, and wire routing complexity for the wiring harness. Because multiple electrical loads 11 can share a single fuse 15, The number of fused circuits in the battery pack 12 could also be reduced; further reducing cost and complexity of the battery pack 12 by reducing the number of fuses 15 and cable connectors 16 compared with the prior art scheme of FIG. 1.

(34) FIG. 3 illustrates a non-limiting example of three high voltage shielded wire cables a first shielded cable 110, a second shielded cable 112, and a third shielded cable 114 that have been spliced together. A center conductor 116, 118, 120 of each of the shielded cables 110, 112, 114 has been joined by a sonic welding process to form a connection 122. Portions of the outer insulation layers 124, 126, 128, shield conductors 130, 132, 134, and inner insulation layers 136, 138, 140 have been removed from the center conductors 116, 118, 120 prior forming the connection 122. Alternatively, other processes well known to those skilled in the art, such as soldering or crimping the conductors within a conductive sleeve may be used to form the connection 122. An additional portion of each of the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 may be removed or cut way to provide adequate voltage creepage distance 142 to prevent a leakage current between the center conductors 116, 118, 120 and the shield conductors 130, 132, 134, thereby exposing the inner insulation layers 136, 138, 140 of the shielded cables 110, 112, 114. Additionally, conductive ferrules 144, 146, 148 may be mechanically and electrically attached to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 to provide a more durable electrical connection to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134. The ferrules may be a closed or barrel-type ferrule that is attached to the shield conductors by crimping or soldering prior to forming the connection 122 or the ferrules may be an open or clip-type ferrule that can be attached to the shield conductors by crimping after forming the connection 122. The ferrules may be formed of a solder material that is heated, for example by induction heating, until the ferrules reflow and join the contacts to the shield conductors. The ferrules may comprise an inner ferrule that is disposed between the shield conductor and the inner insulation layer and an outer ferrule that is disposed over the shield conductor. Materials and methods used to attach the conductive ferrules 144, 146, 148 to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 are well known to those skilled in the art.

(35) FIGS. 4 through 15 illustrate a non-limiting example of a process of forming a shielded cable assembly 150 having both the center conductors 116, 118, 120 and the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 of three shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 spliced together according to a first embodiment. The embodiment illustrated here is configured to splice three shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 together in a Y-splice configuration. However, alternative embodiments may be envisioned that are configured to splice just two shielded wire cables together or splice more than three shielded wire cables together.

(36) As illustrated in FIG. 4, the wire cable assembly 150 includes an inner insulator 152 formed of dielectric material. The dielectric material may be a polymer material, such as glass-filled polyamide (commonly known by the trade name NYLON) or polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). The inner insulator 152 may be formed using an injection molding process or other plastic forming processes well known to those skilled in the art. The inner insulator 152 is designed to enclose the exposed portion of the connection 122 and a portion of the exposed inner insulation layers 136, 138, 140 of the shielded cables 110, 112, 114.

(37) The inner insulator 152 defines an axial passage 154, hereafter referred to as a channel 154 that is designed to accommodate the connection 122 and the joined shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the inner insulator 152 may then be slid over the single shielded cable 110 along the longitudinal axis A in the direction 156 over the connection 122, leaving the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 exposed.

(38) As shown in FIG. 7, the channel 154 of the inner insulator 152 may define shoulders 158 to provide a positive stop against the two joined inner conductors 118, 120 and ensure proper positioning of the inner insulator 152 relative to the connection 122 and the exposed shield conductors 130, 132, 134. The inner insulator 152 may be designed with a symmetrical shape so that the shoulders 158 contact the two joined inner conductors 118, 120 regardless of the orientation of the inner insulator 152 when the inner insulator 152 is placed on the single shielded wire cable 110.

(39) As shown in FIG. 8, the wire cable assembly 150 further includes a sleeve 160 formed of conductive material that defines an axial passage 161, hereafter referred to as a cavity 161 along a longitudinal axis A. The conductive material used to form the sleeve 160 is preferably a copper alloy, such as 425 brass and may be tin coated for corrosion resistance. As shown in FIG. 9, the sleeve 160 may be slid along the longitudinal axis A in the direction 156 over the inner insulator 152, disposing the inner insulator within the cavity 161. The sleeve 160 defines contacts 162, 164, 166 that are designed to be crimped into mechanical and electrical contact with the shield conductors 130, 132, 134. The sleeve 160 may define a generally elliptical cross section. As used herein, generally elliptical cross section means that the circumferential shape of the sleeve varies by no more than 10% from that of an elliptical cross section.

(40) As shown in FIG. 10, the sleeve 160 may define lock features 168 that hold the sleeve 160 in proper position over the inner insulator 152. The lock features 168 may define a pair of ramp structures 170 wherein one of the ramp structures 170 is designed to deflect as the sleeve 160 slides along the longitudinal axis A over the lock in the direction 156 and then snap back into place, thereby capturing the inner insulator 152 between the lock features 168. Alternatively, the sleeve may be slid along the longitudinal axis in the direction opposite of direction 156. The sleeve 160 may be designed with a symmetrical shape so that the lock features 168 secure the sleeve 160 to the inner insulator 152 regardless of the orientation when the sleeve 160 is placed on the single shielded wire cable 110. Other locking features well known to those skilled in the art may alternately be utilized to secure the sleeve 160 in place over the inner insulator 152. The shoulders 158 of the inner insulator 152 and the lock features 168 of the sleeve 160 cooperate to locate the exposed shield conductors 130, 132, 134 or ferrules relative to the contacts 162, 164, 166. This provides the benefit of more consistent connections between the contacts and the shield conductors in the manufacturing process.

(41) As illustrated in FIG. 11, the contacts 162, 164, 166 are crimped to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 or ferrules attached to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134, by applying a mechanical force to provide a mechanical and electrical connection between the sleeve 160 and the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 and provide electrical continuity between all of the shield conductors 130, 132, 134. According to the illustrated example, the sleeve defines a plurality of U-shaped slots 172 forming bands 174, 176, 178, 180 that are configured to deform when crimped to secure the sleeve to the shield conductors or ferrules. The bands 178, 180 forming contacts 164, 166 are crimped by applying force to the central portion of the bands so that central portion of the bands push the shielded wire cables 112, 114 apart and ensuring that the insulating layers of shielded cables are separated, that is are not in physical contact with one another. The portions of the first, second, and third shield conductors that are enclosed within the shield are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis A. This provides a splice connection that is basically in-line which may be easier to package within a location with limited space, such as within an automobile. As used herein, substantially parallel means10 of absolutely parallel. In an alternative embodiment, the sleeve 160 may define conventional crimping wings that connect to the shield conductors or ferrules by wrapping about them and crimping. The crimping wings are configured to separate the insulating layers of the shielded cables. In another alternative embodiment, the contacts 162, 164, 166 may be electrically and mechanically connected to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 by soldering or other processes well known to those skilled in the art rather than crimping.

(42) As illustrated in FIG. 12, an outer insulator 182 formed on a dielectric material may be placed over the sleeve 160. The outer insulator 182 may be formed of a thermoplastic heat shrink tubing. Suitable compositions and sources of heat shrink tubing are well known to those skilled in the art. The outer insulator 182 may also be preloaded onto the blunt cut single shielded wire cable 110 prior to forming the connection 122. The heat shrink tubing may then be heated using methods well known to those skilled in the art to sealably engage the outer insulation layers 124, 126, 128 of at least one of the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 and enclose the sleeve 160 as shown in FIG. 13. As used herein, sealably engaged means that the outer insulator 182 will resist contaminants, such as dust, dirt, or fluids, from entering between the outer insulation layers 124, 126, 128 and the outer insulator 182. It does not mean that it provides a hermetic seal. Alternatively, the outer insulator 182 may comprise or may consist of a conformal coating 184, such as a silicone-based material, applied over the sleeve 160 and shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114. The inventors have discovered that separation of the insulating layers of the shielded cables by the sleeve provides the benefit of improved sealing between the outer insulator and the shielded cables. Without subscribing to any particular theory of operation, the outer insulator or the sealant within the outer insulator is able to contact the entire circumference of the outer insulation layers 126, 128, thus avoiding any gaps or voids that may be created if the outer insulation layers 126, 128 were not separated or were touching.

(43) FIGS. 14 through 25B illustrate a non-limiting example of a process of forming a shielded cable assembly 150 having both the center conductors 116, 118, 120 and the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 of three shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 spliced together according to a second embodiment. The embodiment illustrated here is configured to splice three shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 together in a Y-splice configuration. However, alternative embodiments may be envisioned that are configured to splice just two shielded wire cables together or splice more than three shielded wire cables together.

(44) FIG. 14 illustrates another non-limiting example of a wire cable assembly 250. The reference numbers in this embodiment for identical elements are the same as the previously described embodiment and the reference numbers of similar elements are 100 higher. The embodiment illustrated here is configured to splice three shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 together by connecting the center conductor 116, 118, 120 of each of the shielded cables 110, 112, 114 to form a connection 122 as shown in FIG. 3 and described supra. However, this embodiment may be used to splice four shielded wire cables together and other embodiments may be envisioned that are configured to splice just two shielded wire cables together or splice more than four shielded wire cables together.

(45) The shielded cable assembly 250 includes a first inner insulator 252A formed of dielectric material and a second inner insulator 252B formed of a dielectric material. The dielectric material may be a polymer material, such as glass filed NYLON or PBT. The first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B may be formed of the same dielectric material or they may be formed of different dielectric materials. The first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B may be formed using an injection molding process or other plastic forming processes well known to those skilled in the art.

(46) The first inner insulator 252A is designed to be joined to the second inner insulator 252B and when the first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B are joined, they enclose the connection 122 and a portion of the exposed inner insulation layers 136, 138, 140 each of the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114.

(47) As shown in FIG. 15, the first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B may define a pair of interconnected channels 254A, 254B to secure the joined shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 within the first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B. The first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B may also include a set of mating tapered posts 253 and indentations 255 in order to facilitate alignment of the first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B when they are assembled around the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114. The first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B may be designed with a hermaphroditic shape so that a single inner insulator 252 may be used for both the first inner insulator 252A and the second inner insulator 252B. In the example shown here, the joined inner insulator 252 may have an unused portion of the channel 254A.

(48) As illustrated in FIG. 18, the wire cable assembly 250 further includes a sleeve 260 formed of conductive material that defines a longitudinal axis A. The conductive material used to form the sleeve 260 is preferably a copper alloy, such as 425 brass and may be tin coated for corrosion resistance. The sleeve 260 defines contacts 262, 264, 266 that are designed to be in mechanical and electrical contact with the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 of the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114. The contacts 262, 264, 266 protrude from the sleeve 260 and form an arcuate shape configured to conform to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 or ferrules. As illustrated in FIG. 19, the contacts 262, 264, 266 may be secured to the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 by a separate fastening device 284, such as a band or sleeve that may be crimped around the contacts 262, 264, 266.

(49) Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 20, the contacts 262, 264, 266 may define crimp wings 286 that have an arcuate shape prior to being crimped around the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 of each of the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114. The contacts 262, 264, 266 are designed to contact the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 to provide an electrical connection between the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 of each of the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114. The contacts 262, 264, 266 may also be designed to mechanically secure the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 to the sleeve 260 and provide strain relief to the joined center conductor 116, 118, 120 of the cables.

(50) Returning to FIG. 18, the sleeve 260 is designed to enclose the first inner insulator 252 and to define cable portals for each of the shielded wire cables 110, 112, 114 to exit the sleeve 260. The sleeve 260 may be made up of a first sleeve 260A that defines a set of contacts 262A, 264A, 266A and a second sleeve 260B that defines another set of contacts 262B, 264B, 266B. The first sleeve 260A is configured to enclose the inner insulator when mated with the second sleeve 260B. Features may be included in the joining surfaces of the first sleeve 260A and the second sleeve 260B to reduce electrical resistance. Alternatively, the first sleeve 260A and the second sleeve 260B may be secured together using conductive threaded fasteners. The first sleeve 260A and the second sleeve 260B may be designed with a hermaphroditic shape so that a single part may be used for both the first sleeve 260A and the second sleeve 260B. In the example shown here, there may be an unused portal and contact. The contacts 164, 166 push the shielded wire cables 112, 114 apart and ensuring that the insulating layers of shielded cables are separated, that is are not in physical contact with one another. The portions of the first, second, and third shield conductors that are enclosed within the shield are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. This provides a splice connection that is basically in-line which may be easier to package within a location with limited space, such as within an automobile.

(51) As illustrated in FIG. 21, the wire cable assembly 250 may further include an outer insulator 282 formed of a nonconductive material and defining a cavity 261 that is configured to partially enclose the sleeve 260. The wire cable assembly 250 also includes a first end cap 288 that is designed to sealably engage one of the shielded wire cables 110 and sealably engage the outer insulator 282 and a second end cap 290 that is designed to sealably engage the other two shielded wire cables 112, 114. The end caps and outer insulator 282 are designed to provide environmental protection to the spliced cables by keeping contaminants such as dust, dirt, water, and other fluids away from the joined inner conductors, joined inner insulator, and sleeve 260. The outer insulator 282 and end caps may be formed of a polymer material, such as NYLON or PBT. The end caps may also include a sealing element 292 formed of compliant material, such as silicone rubber. The inventors have discovered that separation of the insulating layers of the shielded cables by the sleeve provides the benefit of improved sealing between the sealing element 292 and the shielded cables. Without subscribing to any particular theory of operation, the sealing element 292 is able to contact the entire circumference of the outer insulation layers 126, 128, thus avoiding any gaps or voids that may be created if the outer insulation layers 126, 128 were not separated or were touching.

(52) As best illustrated in FIG. 23, the outer insulator 282 may include a male attachment feature 294 and a female attachment feature 296 that are designed to interconnect multiple outer insulators 282 as shown in FIG. 24. These attachment features 294, 296 may simplify assembly of the wiring harnesses by maintaining a spatial relationship between the outer insulators and provide a more robust wiring harness assembly because there is less likely to be vibrational contact between outer insulators that may degrade the outer insulators 282 over time.

(53) As illustrated in FIG. 25, multiple wire cable assemblies 250 may be positioned in a staggered arrangement so that the wire cable assemblies 250 may be enclosed with a wiring conduit 298. Staggering the wire cable assemblies 250 may offer the benefit of a smaller conduit and therefore require less packaging space for the resulting wiring harness.

(54) Alternative embodiments may be envisioned by combining various features of the two embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 4-25. For example, the inner insulator 152 and the sleeve 160 may comprise two separate portions, similar to the inner insulator 252 and sleeve 260. As another example, the sleeve 160 may define contacts that protrude from the sleeve that are attached to the shield conductors or ferrules by a separate fastening device, such as a band or sleeve that may be crimped around the contacts, similarly to the sleeve 260.

(55) FIG. 26 illustrates a non-limiting method 300 of splicing shielded wire cables together. The method 300 includes the following steps.

(56) STEP 310, PROVIDE A FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD SHIELDED WIRE CABLE, includes providing a first shielded wire cable having a first core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a first shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a first insulative jacket, providing a second shielded wire cable having a second core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a second shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a second insulative jacket, and providing a third shielded wire cable having a third core conductor at least partially axially surrounded by a third shield conductor which is at least partially axially surrounded by a third insulative jacket as shown in FIG. 3.

(57) STEP 312, PROVIDE A SHIELD DEFINING A LONGITUDINAL AXIS, A FIRST AXIAL PASSAGE, AND A FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD CONTACT, includes providing a shield that defines a longitudinal axis, a first axial passage, a first contact, a second contact, and a third contact. The shield is formed of a conductive material. The shield may be formed of one piece as shown in FIG. 9 or multiple pieces as shown in FIG. 14.

(58) STEP 314, PROVIDE AN INNER INSULATOR DEFINING A SECOND AXIAL PASSAGE includes providing an inner insulator defining a second axial passage. The inner insulator is formed of a dielectric material. The inner insulator may be formed of one piece as shown in FIG. 5 or multiple pieces as shown in FIG. 14.

(59) STEP 316, JOIN THE FIRST CENTER CONDUCTOR TO THE SECOND CENTER CONDUCTOR AND THE THIRD CENTER CONDUCTOR, includes joining the first center conductor to the second center conductor and to the third center conductor to form a mechanical and electrical connection between the center conductors as shown in FIG. 3. The center conductors may be joined by sonic welding, soldering, or other methods of joining wires known to those skilled in the art. The inner insulator and the ferrules may be preloaded onto the shielded cables prior to joining the center conductors.

(60) STEP 318, DISPOSE THE JOINED FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD INNER CONDUCTORS WITHIN THE SECOND AXIAL PASSAGE, includes disposing the connection including the joined first, second, and third inner conductors within the second axial passage, or channel, of the inner insulator as shown in FIGS. 6 and 15. The joined first, second, and third inner conductors may be slidably disposed within the second axial passage as shown in FIG. 6.

(61) STEP 320, DISPOSE THE INNER INSULATOR AND THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD SHIELD CONDUCTORS WITHIN THE FIRST AXIAL PASSAGE, includes disposing the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors within the first axial passage as shown in FIGS. 8-9 and 17-18. The portions of the first, second, and third shield conductors that are disposed within the inner insulator are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. The inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors may be slidably disposed within the first axial passage as shown in FIGS. 8-9.

(62) STEP 322, SEPARATE THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD INSULATIVE JACKETS ONE FROM ANOTHER, includes separating the first, second, and third insulative jackets one from another. This may be accomplished by the connection of the first, second, and third shield conductors to the contacts as shown in FIGS. 11 and 19.

(63) STEP 324, ATTACH THE FIRST CONTACT TO THE FIRST SHIELD CONDUCTOR, THE SECOND CONTACT TO THE SECOND SHIELD CONDUCTOR, AND THE THIRD CONTACT TO THE THIRD SHIELD CONDUCTOR, includes attaching the first contact to the first shield conductor, the second contact to the second shield conductor, and the third contact to the third shield conductor, thereby providing a conductive path between the first, second, and third shield conductors. The contacts may be attached to the shield conductors by crimping wings, ferrules, soldering, or other methods known to those skilled in the art.

(64) STEP 326, DISPOSE THE SHIELD WITHIN THE OUTER INSULATOR, includes disposing the shield within the outer insulator as illustrated in FIGS. 12 and 21-22.

(65) STEP 328, SEALABLY ENGAGE THE OUTER INSULATOR TO THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD INSULATIVE JACKETS, includes sealably engaging the outer insulator to the first, second, and third insulative jackets, thereby enclosing the shield within the outer insulator as illustrated in FIGS. 13 and 22-23.

(66) Method 300 may further include the following optional steps.

(67) Prior to step 324, method 300 may include STEP 330, PROVIDE A FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD FERRULE, which includes providing a first, second, and third ferrule.

(68) Following step 330, method 300 may include STEP 332, ATTACH THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD FERRULE TO THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD SHIELD CONDUCTORS RESPECTIVELY, which includes attaching the first, second, and third ferrule to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively.

(69) Following step 330, method 300 may include STEP 334, CRIMP THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD FERRULE TO THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD CONTACTS RESPECTIVELY, which includes crimping the first, second, and third ferrule to the first, second, and third contacts respectively, thereby attaching the first, second, and third contacts to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively.

(70) Prior to step 324, method 300 may include STEP 336, INJECT SOLDER PASTE INTO THE INTERIOR OF THE FIRST, SECOND, AND THIRD CONTACTS THROUGH THE HOLES DEFINED THEREIN, which includes injecting solder paste into the interior of the first, second, and third contacts through holes defined by the first, second, and third contacts.

(71) Following step 336, method 300 may include STEP 338, HEAT THE SOLDER PASTE UNTIL IT REFLOWS, which includes heating the solder paste until it reflows, thereby soldering the first, second, and third contacts to the first, second, and third shield conductors respectively.

(72) Prior to step 320, method 300 may include STEP 340, JOIN A FIRST SLEEVE PORTION TO A SECOND SLEEVE PORTION, which includes joining the first sleeve portion to the second sleeve portion, thereby disposing the joined first, second, and third inner conductors within the second axial passage, wherein the sleeve includes a first sleeve portion and a second sleeve portion.

(73) Prior to step 318, method 300 may include STEP 342, JOIN A FIRST INNER INSULATOR PORTION TO A SECOND INNER INSULATOR PORTION, which includes joining the first inner insulator portion to the second inner insulator portion, thereby disposing the inner insulator and the first, second, and third shield conductors within the first axial passage, wherein the inner insulator includes a first inner insulator portion and a second inner insulator portion.

(74) Following step 326, method 300 may include STEP 344, SEALABLY ENGAGE AN END CAP WITH AT LEAST ONE SHIELDED WIRE CABLE, which includes joining sealably engaging the end cap with the at least one shielded wire cable, wherein the outer insulator further includes an end cap configured to sealably engage the outer insulator and at least one shielded wire cable.

(75) Following step 344, method 300 may include STEP 346, SEALABLY ENGAGE THE END CAP WITH THE OUTER INSULATOR, which includes engaging the end cap with the outer insulator, thereby enclosing the shield within the outer insulator.

(76) Accordingly, a wire cable assembly 150, 250 and a method 500 for joining together shielded wire cables having a center conductor and a shield conductor insulated from and surrounding the center conductor t are provided. The wire cable assembly 150, 250 may be used in the wiring harnesses of electric and hybrid electric vehicles. In this application, one wire cable assembly 150, 250 may be used to connect the positive terminal of the battery pack 12 to two or more electrical loads 11 and another wire cable assembly 150, 250 may be used to connect the negative terminal of the battery pack 12 to the same two or more electrical loads 11. The splices in the wire cable assemblies may be offset from each other along the run of the cable to minimize packaging space required for the wiring harness. Connecting the battery pack 12 to multiple electrical loads 11 with the wire cable assembly 150, 250 provides the benefit of decreased cost due to a reduced length of cable required and reduced packaging space required while maintaining electrical continuity of the shield conductors 130, 132, 134 in the wiring harness.

(77) While this invention has been described in terms of the preferred embodiments thereof, it is not intended to be so limited, but rather only to the extent set forth in the claims that follow. Moreover, the use of the terms first, second, etc. does not denote any order of importance, but rather the terms first, second, etc. are used to distinguish one element from another. Furthermore, the use of the terms a, an, etc. do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.