METHOD FOR TRANSMITTING DATA PACKETS

Abstract

A method for wirelessly transmitting data packets within a measuring system from multiple field devices to a superordinate unit via a wireless interface of the each device includes distributing the data packet to the field devices; synchronizing the wireless interfaces of the field devices such that the wireless interfaces transmit with a defined phase shift relative to one another in each particular case; and transmitting the data packet to the superordinate unit via the wireless interfaces of the at least two field devices in synchronized fashion. This allows the data packet to be received by the superordinate unit with increased transmission reliability according to the invention. This ensures the data transmission between one of the field devices and the superordinate unit without a repeater or other added complexity even when there are individual obstacles.

Claims

1-9. (canceled)

10. A method for wirelessly transmitting a data packet within a measuring system, the method comprising: providing the measuring system including at least two field devices and a superordinate unit, wherein each of the at least two field devices and the superordinate unit includes a wireless interface; distributing the data packet to the at least two field devices; synchronizing the wireless interfaces of the at least two field devices such that the wireless interfaces transmit with a defined phase shift relative to one another in each particular case; transmitting the data packet to the superordinate unit via the wireless interfaces of the at least two field devices in synchronized fashion; and receiving the data packet by the superordinate unit.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the data packet is distributed among the field devices according to a star, mesh, or net topology.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the wireless interfaces are synchronized according to the IEEE 1588 standard.

13. The method according to claim 10, further comprising: determining relative positions of the at least two field devices and of the superordinate unit with respect to one another; and synchronizing, on the basis of the determined positions, the field devices to such phase shifts that the data packet is emitted with a common main radiation pattern directed to the superordinate unit.

14. A measuring system, comprising: at least two field devices each field device having a synchronizable wireless interface, and a control unit designed to synchronize the respective wireless interface with the other wireless interfaces accordingly, coordinate the distribution of a data packet among the field devices, and control the synchronized transmission of the data packet via the respective wireless interface; and a superordinate unit designed to receive the data packet.

15. The measuring system according to claim 14, wherein the at least two field devices each comprise a wired interface for synchronizing the wireless interfaces and/or for distributing the data packet to the field devices.

16. The measuring system according to claim 15, wherein the wired interfaces are based on the PROFIBUS, HART, or an industrial Ethernet protocol.

17. The measuring system according to claim 16, wherein the wireless interfaces are designed to transmit the data packet according to the Wireless-HART, Bluetooth, or a WLAN protocol, and wherein the subordinate unit is designed to receive the data packet on the basis of the corresponding protocol.

18. The measuring system according to claim 17, wherein, for determining relative positions, the field devices and the superordinate unit include a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) module in each particular case.

Description

[0029] The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figure. The following is shown:

[0030] FIG. 1: A measuring system with three field devices in a process plant.

[0031] For the general understanding of the method according to the invention, FIG. 1 shows an exemplary measuring system 1 that serves for monitoring a process plant 2, such as a chemical reactor. For this purpose, the exemplary measuring system 1 comprises as field devices a flowmeter 12 at an inlet of the reactor 2, a fill-level measuring device 11 on the reactor 2 itself, and a temperature measuring device 13 at an outlet of the reactor 2. In this case, the field devices 11, 12, 13 measure the corresponding measured values in each particular case at an individually adjustable measurement rate, e.g., between 1 measurement per minute and 1000 measurements per second.

[0032] The field devices 11, 12, 13 shown in FIG. 1 are connected to one another via corresponding wired interfaces 112, 122, 132. Since each of the field devices 11, 12, 13 is connected to each other field device 11, 12, 13 in each particular case via the wired interface 112, 122, 132, the connection of the field devices 11, 12, 13 via the wired interfaces 112, 122, 132 corresponds to a mesh topology in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1. HART, PROFIBUS, or an industrial Ethernet can be implemented as a protocol for communication via the wired 112, 122, 132 interfaces. In spite of a wired design of the field devices 11, 12, 13, the latter can accordingly be operated by means of a battery so that separate cabling does not have to be laid for this purpose.

[0033] In the design variant shown in FIG. 1, the measuring system 1 comprises, in addition to the field devices 11, 12, 13, a superordinate unit 21 to which the field devices 11, 12, 13 are also connected. In this case, the superordinate unit 21 can be the process control system of the process plant, for example in the form of a “PLC.” For communication with the superordinate unit 21, the field devices 11, 12, 13 and the superordinate unit 21 each comprise a wireless interface 111, 121, 131, wherein wireless-HART, Bluetooth, or WLAN can be implemented as the transmission protocol.

[0034] Via the wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131, the measured values measured by the field devices 11, 12, 13 can in particular be transmitted by means of corresponding data packets [d]. On the basis of the data packets [d] obtained, the superordinate unit 21 can, for example, in turn control corresponding pumps or valves at the outlet or at the inlet of the reactor in order to control the fill level or the reaction. However, the transmission of the measured values or of the data packets [d] can then be at risk if individual interfaces of the interfaces 111, 121, 131 cannot transmit with sufficiently high power or if the distance to the superordinate unit 21 is too great. Obstacles between one of the field devices 11, 12, 13 and the superordinate unit 21 can also endanger the data transmission.

[0035] According to the invention, the data packet [d] is therefore transmitted with the respective measured values from one of the field devices 11, 12, 13 to all further field devices 11, 12, 13. Subsequently, this data packet [d] is transmitted to the superordinate unit 21 via the wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131 of all field devices 11, 12, 13. Starting from the wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131, the data packet [d] is transmitted in synchronized fashion in such a way that the data packet [d] is transmitted in each particular case with a defined phase shift φ, γ between the wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131 with respect to the common transmission frequency. The prior synchronization of the wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131 to one another can take place in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 either directly via the wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131 or via the wired interfaces 112, 122, 132. In both cases, the synchronization can take place, for example, on the basis of the IEEE 1588 standard.

[0036] In the simplest case, the wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131 can be synchronized to phase shifts φ, γ of 0° in order to increase the total transmission power or to bypass individual obstacles so that the reception of the data packet [d] by the superordinate unit 21 is ensured. However, the transmission method according to the invention can be developed primarily in that the relative positions x, y, z of the field devices 11, 12, 13 and of the superordinate unit 21 relative to one another are included. In this case, the relative positions x, y, z can be determined, for example, in each particular case by means of a GNSS module implemented in the field devices 11, 12, 13 and in the superordinate unit 21.

[0037] However, it is also conceivable for the relative positions x, y, z between the devices 11, 12, 13, 21 to be determined by means of triangulation. For this purpose, the distances between the individual devices 11, 12, 13, which must be known for the triangulation-based determination of the relative positions x, y, z, can be determined, for example, by determining the signal transit times or the signal strength between the individual wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131. It is also conceivable in this connection to perform the triangulation by means of transit time/signal strength measurement with respect to peripheral devices, such as mobile radio towers or WLAN routers. Alternatively, it is moreover possible to manually input the positions on the field devices 11, 12, 13 and of the superordinate unit 14, provided that the installation locations are known with sufficient precision.

[0038] On the basis of the determined positions x, y, z, the field devices 11, 12, 13 can in turn be synchronized to one another to such phase shifts φ, γ that the data packet [d] is emitted with a common main radiation pattern, which is directed in the direction of the superordinate unit 21, as indicated schematically in FIG. 1. This type of transmission is also known under the term “beamforming.” With beamforming, the phase shifts φ, γ are to be set according to the formula

α˜arcsin(φ,γ)

[0039] so that the correct angle α arises for the total main radiation pattern of all wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131 in the direction of the superordinate unit 21 (with respect to the main radiation pattern of the individual antenna in each particular case). In contrast to the schematic representation in FIG. 1, this formula applies approximately under the assumption that the distances between the individual field devices 11, 12, 13 are small in comparison to the distance to the superordinate unit 21.

[0040] Within the framework of the invention, the method of beamforming is particularly advantageous in that the data packet [d] is transmitted in a targeted manner in the direction of the superordinate unit 21. Thus, not only is the transmission reliability of the data packet [d] further increased, but the transmission powers of the individual wireless interfaces 111, 121, 131 can also be reduced, if necessary, in order to minimize the power consumption of the measuring system 1 as a whole.

LIST OF REFERENCE SIGNS

[0041] 1 Measuring system [0042] 2 Process plant [0043] 11 Fill-level measuring device [0044] 12 Flowmeter [0045] 13 Temperature measuring device [0046] 21 Superordinate unit [0047] 111 First wireless interface [0048] 112 First wired interface [0049] 121 Second wireless interface [0050] 122 Second wired interface [0051] 131 Third wireless interface [0052] 132 Third wired interface [0053] [d] Data packet [0054] x, y, z Position [0055] α Angle [0056] γ, φ Phase shifts