Organic light-emitting device

Abstract

An organic light-emitting device including a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport region between the second electrode and the emission layer, wherein the electron transport region includes at least one first compound represented by the following Formula 1, at least one second compound represented by the following Formula 2, and at least one third compound represented by the following Formula 30: ##STR00001##

Claims

1. An organic light-emitting device, comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; an emission layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; and an electron transport region between the second electrode and the emission layer, wherein the electron transport region includes: at least one first compound represented by the following Formula 1, at least one second compound represented by the following Formula 2, and at least one third compound represented by the following Formula 30: ##STR00113## wherein, in Formula 30, R.sub.34 to R.sub.43 are each independently selected from a group represented by the following Formula 50, a group represented by the following Formula 51, a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), and B(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5); wherein at least one of R.sub.34 to R.sub.38 is a group represented by Formula 50, and at least one of R.sub.39 to R.sub.43 is a group represented by Formula 51; ##STR00114## wherein, in Formulae 1, 2, 30, 50, and 51, X.sub.31 is C(R.sub.31) or N, X.sub.32 is C(R.sub.32) or N, X.sub.33 is C(R.sub.33) or N, and at least one of X.sub.31 to X.sub.33 is N; X.sub.55 is C(R.sub.55) or N, X.sub.56 is C(R.sub.56) or N, X.sub.57 is C(R.sub.57) or N, X.sub.58 is C(R.sub.58) or N, at least one of X.sub.55 and X.sub.56 in Formula 50 is N, and at least one of X.sub.57 and X.sub.58 in Formula 51 is N; L.sub.11 to L.sub.13, L.sub.21 to L.sub.23, and L.sub.31 to L.sub.33 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a11 to a13, a21 to a23, and a31 to a33 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3; Ar.sub.11 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group including one nitrogen atom; Ar.sub.21 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group including at least two nitrogen atoms; Ar.sub.12, Ar.sub.22, and Ar.sub.31 are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, R.sub.21 to R.sub.24, R.sub.31 to R.sub.33, and R.sub.51 to R.sub.58 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), and B(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5); b11, b13, b21, b23, c2, and c4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, b12, b14, b22, b24, c1, and c3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3; * is a binding site to a neighboring atom; at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, substituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from: a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group; a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12)(Q.sub.13), and B(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15); a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22)(Q.sub.23), and B(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25); and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33) and B(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35), and wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.5, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.15, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.25, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.35 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

2. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein L.sub.11 to L.sub.13 are each independently selected from: a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, and a pyridinylene group; and a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group.

3. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.11 is selected from: a pyridinyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group; and a pyridinyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group.

4. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.11 is a group represented by one of the following Formulae 4-1 to 4-23: ##STR00115## ##STR00116## ##STR00117## wherein, in Formulae 4-1 to 4-23, Z.sub.41 and Z.sub.42 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, and a carbazolyl group, f1 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, f2 is an integer selected from 0 to 6, f3 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, f4 is an integer selected from 0 to 8, and * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

5. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.11 is selected from: a pyridinyl group; and a pyridinyl group substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

6. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.12 is selected from: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

7. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first compound represented by Formula 1 is represented by one of the following Formulae 1A to 1P: ##STR00118## ##STR00119## ##STR00120## ##STR00121## wherein, in Formulae 1A to 1P, L.sub.11 to L.sub.13, Ar.sub.12, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, a11 to a13, and b11 to b14 are defined the same as L.sub.11 to L.sub.13, Ar.sub.12, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, a11 to a13, and b11 to b14 of Formula 1, and Ar.sub.11 is selected from: a pyridinyl group; a pyridinyl group substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

8. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein L.sub.21 to L.sub.23 are each independently selected from: a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a pyriazinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a quinolinylene group, and a triazinylene group; and a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a pyriazinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a quinolinylene group, and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

9. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.21 is selected from: a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

10. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.21 is a group represented by one of the following Formulae 5-1 to 5-10: ##STR00122## wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-10, Z.sub.51 and Z.sub.52 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group, g1 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, g2 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, g3 is 0 or 1, g4 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, g5 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, and * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

11. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.21 is selected from: a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group; and a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

12. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.22 is selected from: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

13. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second compound represented by Formula 2 is represented by one of the following Formulae 2A to 2P: ##STR00123## ##STR00124## ##STR00125## ##STR00126## wherein, in Formulae 2A to 2P, L.sub.21 to L.sub.23, Ar.sub.22, R.sub.21 to R.sub.24, a21 to a23, and b21 to b24 are defined the same as L.sub.21 to L.sub.23, Ar.sub.22, R.sub.21 to R.sub.24, a21 to a23, and b21 to b24 of Formula 2, and Ar.sub.21 is selected from: a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group; and a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

14. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein Ar.sub.31 is selected from: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.

15. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R.sub.34, R.sub.36, R.sub.38, R.sub.39, R.sub.41, and R.sub.43 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group; in Formula 30, R.sub.35 is a group represented by Formula 50, and R.sub.42 is a group represented by Formula 51; R.sub.37 and R.sub.40 are each independently selected from: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group; the group represented by Formula 50 and the group represented by Formula 51 are each independently a group represented by one of the following Formulae 8-1 to 8-30: ##STR00127## ##STR00128## ##STR00129## wherein, in Formulae 8-1 to 8-30, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

16. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, R.sub.21 to R.sub.24, R.sub.31 to R.sub.33, and R.sub.51 to R.sub.58 are each independently selected from: a hydrogen, F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an iso-decanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group; a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an iso-decanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35); and Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

17. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third compound represented by Formula 30 is represented by the following Formula 30A: ##STR00130## wherein, in Formula 30A, X.sub.31 to X.sub.33, X.sub.55 to X.sub.58, L.sub.31 to L.sub.33, Ar.sub.31, R.sub.31 to R.sub.34, R.sub.36 to R.sub.41, R.sub.43, R.sub.51 to R.sub.54, a31 to a33, and c1 to c4 are defined the same as X.sub.31 to X.sub.33, X.sub.55 to X.sub.58, L.sub.31 to L.sub.33, Ar.sub.31, R.sub.31 to R.sub.34, R.sub.36 to R.sub.41, R.sub.43, R.sub.51 to R.sub.54, a31 to a33, and c1 to c4 of Formula 30.

18. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein the third compound represented by Formula 30 is represented by one of the following Formulae 31-1 to 31-9: ##STR00131## ##STR00132## wherein, in Formulae 31-1 to 31-9, Ar.sub.31 is selected from: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; R.sub.37 and R.sub.40 are each independently selected from: a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group; and a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

19. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the first compound represented by Formula 1 is one of the following Compounds 1 to 21, the second compound represented by Formula 2 is one of the following Compounds A1 to A11, and the third compound represented by Formula 30 is one of the following Compounds B1 to B12: ##STR00133## ##STR00134## ##STR00135## ##STR00136## ##STR00137## ##STR00138## ##STR00139## ##STR00140## ##STR00141## ##STR00142## ##STR00143## ##STR00144## ##STR00145## ##STR00146## ##STR00147## ##STR00148## ##STR00149##

20. The organic light-emitting device as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the electron transport region includes: an electron transport layer; and a charge control layer between the electron transport layer and the emission layer, the charge control layer includes the first compound and the second compound, and the electron transport layer includes the third compound.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) Features will be apparent to those of skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which:

(2) FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(3) Example embodiments will now be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings; however, they may be embodied in different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey exemplary implementations to those skilled in the art.

(4) In the drawing FIGURES, the dimensions of layers and regions may be exaggerated for clarity of illustration. Like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout.

(5) As used herein, the term and/or includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as at least one of, when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list.

(6) FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10 may include a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

(7) Hereinafter, a structure and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

(8) Referring to FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally disposed under the first electrode 110 or on the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or transparent plastic substrate, each with excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and water resistance.

(9) The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for the first electrode may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection. The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. The material for the first electrode may be a transparent and highly conductive material, and examples of such a material may include indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO.sub.2), and zinc oxide (ZnO). When the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, as a material for forming the first electrode, at least one selected from magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (AlLi), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (MgIn), and magnesium-silver (MgAg) may be used.

(10) The first electrode 110 may have a single-layer structure, or a multi-layer structure including a plurality of layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a triple-layer structure of ITO/Ag/ITO.

(11) The organic layer 150 is disposed on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

(12) The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode.

(13) The hole transport region may include at least one of a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), a buffer layer, and an electron blocking layer (EBL). The electron transport region may include at least one of a hole blocking layer (HBL), an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer (EIL).

(14) The hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed of a single material, a single-layered structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers formed of a plurality of different materials.

(15) For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layered structure formed of a plurality of different materials, or a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer, a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/buffer layer, a structure of hole injection layer/buffer layer, a structure of hole transport layer/buffer layer, or a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, wherein layers of each structure are sequentially stacked from the first electrode 110 in this stated order.

(16) When the hole transport region includes a hole injection layer, the hole injection layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging (LITI).

(17) When the hole injection layer is formed by using vacuum deposition, vacuum deposition conditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form the hole injection layer and the desired structure of the hole injection layer to be formed. For example, vacuum deposition may be performed at a temperature in a range of about 100 C. to about 500 C., a degree of vacuum in a range of about 10.sup.8 torr to about 10.sup.3 torr, and/or a deposition rate in a range of about 0.01 /sec to about 100 /sec.

(18) When the hole injection layer is formed by using spin coating, spin coating conditions may vary according to the compound that is used to form the hole injection layer and the desired structure of the hole injection layer to be formed. For example, spin coating may be performed at a coating rate in a range of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and/or a heat-treatment temperature in a range of about 80 C. to about 200 C.

(19) Next, the hole transport layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or on the hole injection layer by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or LITI. When the hole transport layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, conditions for vacuum deposition and coating may be similar to the above-described vacuum deposition and coating conditions for forming the hole injection layer.

(20) The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB, -NPB, TPD, spiro-TPD, spiro-NPB, -NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, 4,4,4-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine) (TCTA), polyaniline/Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid:polyaniline/dodecyla benzenesulfonic acid (Pani/DBSA), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS), polyaniline/Camphor sulfonic acid (Pani/CSA), polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PANI/PSS), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202.

(21) ##STR00004## ##STR00005## ##STR00006## ##STR00007##

(22) In Formulae 201 and 202,

(23) L.sub.201 to L.sub.205 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(24) At least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from:

(25) a deuterium atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group;

(26) a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, N(Q.sub.201)(Q.sub.202), Si(Q.sub.203)(Q.sub.204)(Q.sub.205), and B(Q.sub.206)(Q.sub.207);

(27) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

(28) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10cycloalkyl, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, N(Q.sub.211)(Q.sub.212), Si(Q.sub.213)(Q.sub.214)(Q.sub.215), and B(Q.sub.216)(Q.sub.217); and

(29) N(Q.sub.221)(Q.sub.222), Si(Q.sub.223)(Q.sub.224)(Q.sub.225), and B(Q.sub.226)(Q.sub.227);

(30) xa1 to xa4 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

(31) xa5 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5;

(32) R.sub.201 to R.sub.204 may each independently be from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(33) Q.sub.201 to Q.sub.207, Q.sub.211 to Q.sub.217, and Q.sub.221 to Q.sub.227 may each independently be selected from:

(34) a hydrogen, a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group;

(35) a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

(36) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; and

(37) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid and a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(38) For example, in Formulae 201 and 202,

(39) L.sub.201 to L.sub.205 may each independently be selected from:

(40) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

(41) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

(42) xa1 to xa4 are each independently 0, 1, or 2;

(43) xa5 is 1, 2, or 3;

(44) R.sub.201 to R.sub.20 may each independently be selected from:

(45) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

(46) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group or a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(47) The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A.

(48) ##STR00008##

(49) For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1.

(50) ##STR00009##

(51) The compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A.

(52) ##STR00010##

(53) In Formulae 201A, 201A-1, and 202A, L.sub.201 to L.sub.203, xa1 to xa3, xa5 and R.sub.202 to R.sub.204 may be the same as described in the present specification, R.sub.211 may be the same as defined in connection with R.sub.203, and R.sub.213 to R.sub.216 may each independently be selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(54) Examples of the compound represented by Formula 201 and the compound represented by Formula 202 may include Compounds HT1 to HT20.

(55) ##STR00011## ##STR00012## ##STR00013## ##STR00014## ##STR00015## ##STR00016## ##STR00017##

(56) A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 to about 10,000 , e.g., about 100 to about 1,000 . When the hole transport region includes both the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer, a thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 to about 10,000 , e.g., about 100 to about 1,000 , and a thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 to about 2,000 , e.g., about 100 to about 1,500 . When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, hole injection layer, and hole transport layer are within these ranges, the hole transport region, hole injection layer, and hole transport layer may have satisfactory hole transporting characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

(57) The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the materials above, a charge-generating material to improve conductive properties. The charge-generating material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed throughout the hole transport region.

(58) The charge-generating material may be, e.g., a p-dopant. The p-dopant may be one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound. Examples of the p-dopant may include quinoe derivatives such as tetracyanoquinonedimethane (TCNQ) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-tetracyano-1,4-benzoquinonedimethane (F4-TCNQ); metal oxides such as a tungsten oxide and a molybdenum oxide; and Compound HT-D1.

(59) ##STR00018##

(60) The hole transport region may further include at least one selected from a buffer layer and an electron blocking layer in addition to the hole injection layer and the hole transport layer. The buffer layer may compensate for an optical resonance distance according to a wavelength of light emitted from the emission layer, and light-emission efficiency of a formed organic light-emitting device may be improved. Materials included in the hole transport region may be included in the buffer layer. The electron blocking layer may help prevents injection of electrons from the electron transport region.

(61) An emission layer may be formed on the first electrode 110 or the hole transport region by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or LITI. When the emission layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the emission layer may be determined by referring to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

(62) When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, or a blue emission layer, according to a sub pixel. In an implementation, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, or may include a red-light emission material, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emission material, which are mixed with each other in a single layer, to emit white light.

(63) The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The host may include at least one selected from TPBi, TBADN, ADN (also, referred to as DNA), CBP, CDBP, and TCP:

(64) ##STR00019## ##STR00020##

(65) In an implementation, the host may further include a compound represented by Formula 301.
Ar.sub.301-[(L.sub.301).sub.xb1-R.sub.301].sub.xb2<Formula 301>

(66) In Formula 301,

(67) Ar.sub.301 may be selected from:

(68) a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene;

(69) a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.301)(Q.sub.302)(Q.sub.303) (where, Q.sub.301 to Q.sub.303 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, and a C.sub.60 heteroaryl group);

(70) the description of L.sub.301 may be the same as defined in connection with L.sub.201 herein;

(71) R.sub.301 may be selected from:

(72) a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

(73) a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

(74) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, and a triazinyl group; and

(75) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group;

(76) xb1 may be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

(77) xb2 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

(78) For example, in Formula 301,

(79) L.sub.301 may be selected from:

(80) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group; and

(81) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a pyrenylene group, and a chrysenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

(82) R.sub.301 may be selected from:

(83) a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

(84) a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

(85) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group; and

(86) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.

(87) For example, the host may include a compound represented by Formula 301A.

(88) ##STR00021##

(89) Descriptions of the substituent groups in Formula 301A may be understood by referring to the descriptions provided herein.

(90) In an implementation, the compound represented by Formula 301A may include at least one selected from Compounds H1 to H42.

(91) ##STR00022## ##STR00023## ##STR00024## ##STR00025## ##STR00026## ##STR00027## ##STR00028## ##STR00029## ##STR00030## ##STR00031##

(92) In an implementation, the host may include at least one selected from Compounds H43 to 1449.

(93) ##STR00032## ##STR00033##

(94) The dopant may include at least one selected from a fluorescent dopant and a phosphorescent dopant.

(95) The phosphorescent dopant may include an organometallic complex represented by Formula 401.

(96) ##STR00034##

(97) In Formula 401,

(98) M may be selected from, e.g., iridium (Ir), platinum (Pt), osmium (Os), titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr), hafnium (Hf), europium (Eu), terbium (Tb), and thulium (Tm);

(99) X.sub.401 to X.sub.404 may each independently be nitrogen or carbon;

(100) rings A.sub.401 and A.sub.402 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted benzene, a substituted or unsubstituted naphthalene, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted spiro-fluorene, a substituted or unsubstituted indene, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrrole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted furan, a substituted or unsubstituted imidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazole, a substituted or unsubstituted thiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isothiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrazine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyrimidine, a substituted or unsubstituted pyridazine, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted isoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoquinoline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinoxaline, a substituted or unsubstituted quinazoline, a substituted or unsubstituted carbazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazole, a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuran, a substituted or unsubstituted benzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzothiophene, a substituted or unsubstituted benzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted isobenzoxazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazole, a substituted or unsubstituted oxadiazole, a substituted or unsubstituted triazine, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuran, and a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophene.

(101) At least one substituent of the substituted benzene, substituted naphthalene, substituted fluorene, substituted spiro-fluorene, substituted indene, substituted pyrrole, substituted thiophene, substituted furan, substituted imidazole, substituted pyrazole, substituted thiazole, substituted isothiazole, substituted oxazole, substituted isoxazole, substituted pyridine, substituted pyrazine, substituted pyrimidine, substituted pyridazine, substituted quinoline, substituted isoquinoline, substituted benzoquinoline, substituted quinoxaline, substituted quinazoline, substituted carbazole, substituted benzimidazole, substituted benzofuran, substituted benzothiophene, substituted isobenzothiophene, substituted benzoxazole, substituted isobenzoxazole, substituted triazole, substituted oxadiazole, substituted triazine, substituted dibenzofuran, and substituted dibenzothiophene may be selected from:

(102) a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group;

(103) a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, N(Q.sub.401)(Q.sub.402), Si(Q.sub.403)(Q.sub.404)(Q.sub.405), and B(Q.sub.406)(Q.sub.407);

(104) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

(105) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, N(Q.sub.411)(Q.sub.412), Si(Q.sub.413)(Q.sub.414)(Q.sub.415), and B(Q.sub.416)(Q.sub.417); and

(106) N(Q.sub.421)(Q.sub.422), Si(Q.sub.423)(Q.sub.424)(Q.sub.425), and B(Q.sub.426)(Q.sub.427);

(107) L.sub.401 may be an organic ligand;

(108) xc1 may be 1, 2, or 3; and

(109) xc2 may be 0, 1, 2, or 3.

(110) Each of descriptions of Q.sub.401 to Q.sub.407, Q.sub.411 to Q.sub.417, and Q.sub.421 to Q.sub.427 may be the same as defined in connection with description of Q.sub.1.

(111) L.sub.401 may be a monovalent, divalent, or trivalent organic ligand. For example, L.sub.401 may be selected from a halogen ligand (e.g., Cl or F), a diketone ligand (e.g., acetylacetonate, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propandionate, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptandionate, or hexafluoroacetonate), a carboxylic acid ligand (e.g., picolinate, dimethyl-3-pyrazolecarboxylate, or benzoate), a carbon monooxide ligand, an isonitrile ligand, a cyano ligand, and a phosphorous ligand (e.g., phosphine or phospite).

(112) In Formula 401, when A.sub.401 has two or more substituents, two or more substituents of A.sub.401 may link to each other and form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

(113) In Formula 401, when A.sub.402 has two or more substituents, two or more substituents of A.sub.402 may link to each other and form a saturated or unsaturated ring.

(114) In Formula 401, when xc1 is 2 or greater, a plurality of ligands

(115) ##STR00035##
in Formula 401 may be identical to or different from each other. In Formula 401, when xc1 is 2 or greater, A.sub.401 and A.sub.402 may be directly linked to each other or may be linked with a linking group (e.g., a C.sub.1-C.sub.5 alkylene group, N(R) (where, R is a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group or a C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aryl group), or C(O)) therebetween.

(116) In an implementation, the phosphorescent dopant may include at least one of Compounds PD1 to PD74.

(117) ##STR00036## ##STR00037## ##STR00038## ##STR00039## ##STR00040## ##STR00041## ##STR00042## ##STR00043## ##STR00044## ##STR00045## ##STR00046## ##STR00047## ##STR00048## ##STR00049## ##STR00050## ##STR00051## ##STR00052## ##STR00053## ##STR00054## ##STR00055## ##STR00056## ##STR00057## ##STR00058## ##STR00059## ##STR00060##

(118) In an implementation, the phosphorescent dopant may include PtOEP.

(119) ##STR00061##

(120) The fluorescent dopant may include at least one selected from DPAVBi, BDAVBi, TBPe, DCM, DCJTB, Coumarin 6, and C545T.

(121) ##STR00062##

(122) In an implementation, the fluorescent dopant may include a compound represented by Formula 501.

(123) ##STR00063##

(124) In Formula 501,

(125) Ar.sub.501 may be at least one selected from a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, a naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene; and

(126) a naphthalene, a heptalene, a fluorene, a spiro-fluorene, a benzofluorene, a dibenzofluorene, a phenalene, a phenanthrene, an anthracene, a fluoranthene, a triphenylene, a pyrene, a chrysene, naphthacene, a picene, a perylene, a pentaphene, and an indenoanthracene, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, and Si(Q.sub.501)(Q.sub.502)(Q.sub.503) (where, Q.sub.501 to Q.sub.503 are each independently selected from a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, and a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroaryl);

(127) L.sub.501 to L.sub.503 may be the same as defined in connection with L.sub.201 provided herein;

(128) R.sub.501 and R.sub.502 may each independently be selected from:

(129) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazole group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

(130) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group and a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

(131) xd1 to xd3 may each independently be selected from 0, 1, 2, and 3;

(132) xd4 may be selected from 1, 2, 3, and 4.

(133) The fluorescent dopant may be represented by at least one selected from Compounds FD1 to FD9.

(134) ##STR00064## ##STR00065## ##STR00066##

(135) An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be selected within a range of, e.g., about 0.01 part to about 15 parts by weight, based on about 100 parts by weight of the host.

(136) A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 to about 1,000 , e.g., about 200 to about 600 . When a thickness of the emission layer is within this range, the emission layer may have excellent light-emitting characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

(137) Next, the electron transport region may be disposed on the emission layer.

(138) The electron ransport region may include, e.g., at least one of a charge control layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer.

(139) For example, the electron transport region may have a structure of electron transport layer/electron injection layer or a structure of charge control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, wherein layers of each structure are sequentially stacked from the emission layer in this stated order.

(140) According to an embodiment, the organic layer 150 of the organic light-emitting device may include an electron transport region between the emmission layer and the second electrode 190.

(141) The electron transport region may include at least one first compound represented by Formula 1, at least one second compound represented by Formula 2, and at least one third compound represented by Formula 30.

(142) ##STR00067## ##STR00068##

(143) In Formulae 1, 2, 30, 50, and 51,

(144) L.sub.11 to L.sub.13 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(145) In an implementation, in Formula 1, L.sub.11 to L.sub.13 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(146) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, and a pyridinylene group;

(147) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group.

(148) In Formula 1, a11, a12, and a13 each respectively denote the numbers of L.sub.11,

(149) L.sub.12, and L.sub.13, and a11, a12, and a13 may each independently be an integer of 0 to 3. When a11, a12, and a13 are 2 or greater, at least two of the L.sub.11, L.sub.12, and L.sub.13 are identical to or different from each other. For example, a11, a12, and a13 may each independently be 0 or 1.

(150) In Formula 1, Ar.sub.11 may be a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group including one nitrogen (N).

(151) In an implementation, Ar.sub.11 may be selected from, e.g.,

(152) a pyridinyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group; and

(153) a pyridinyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrrolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, and a phenanthrolinyl group.

(154) In an implementation, Ar.sub.11 may be, e.g., a group represented by one of Formulae 4-1 to 4-23.

(155) ##STR00069## ##STR00070## ##STR00071## ##STR00072##

(156) In Formulae 4-1 to 4-23,

(157) Z.sub.41 and Z.sub.42 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, and a carbazolyl group,

(158) f1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4, f2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 6, f3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5, f4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 8, and * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

(159) In an implementation, Ar.sub.11 may be selected from, e.g.,

(160) a pyridinyl group; and

(161) a pyridinyl group substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

(162) In Formula 1, Ar.sub.12 may be selected from, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(163) In an implementation, Ar.sub.12 may be selected from, e.g.,

(164) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group; and

(165) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

(166) In an implementation, Ar.sub.12 may be selected from, e.g.,

(167) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group; and

(168) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, and a pyridinyl group.

(169) In Formula 1, R.sub.11 to R.sub.13 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), and B(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5). Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.5 will be described below in detail.

(170) In an implementation, R.sub.11 to R.sub.13 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(171) a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

(172) a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;

(173) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

(174) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33); and

(175) Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(176) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

(177) In an implementation, R.sub.11 to R.sub.13 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(178) a hydrogen, F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an iso-decanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group;

(179) a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an iso-decanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33); and

(180) Si(Q)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(181) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

(182) b11, b12, b13 and b14 each respectively denote the numbers of R.sub.11, R.sub.12, R.sub.13, and R.sub.14, b11 and b13 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, and b12 and b14 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3. When b11 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.11 are identical to or different from each other, when b12 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.12 are identical to or different from each other, when b13 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.13 are identical to or different from each other, and when b14 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.14 are identical to or different from each other.

(183) In an implementation, the first compound represented by Formula 1 may be represented by one of Formulae 1A to 1P.

(184) ##STR00073## ##STR00074## ##STR00075## ##STR00076## ##STR00077## ##STR00078##

(185) In Formulae 1A to 1P,

(186) L.sub.11 to L.sub.13, Ar.sub.12, R.sub.11 to R.sub.14, a11 to a13 and b11 to b14 may be understood by referring to the descriptions provided herein, and

(187) Ar.sub.11 may be selected from, e.g.,

(188) a pyridinyl group; and

(189) a pyridinyl group substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

(190) In Formula 2, L.sub.21 to L.sub.23 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(191) In an implementation, L.sub.21 to L.sub.23 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(192) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a pyriazinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a quinolinylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

(193) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a pyriazinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a quinolinylene group, and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(194) In Formula 2, a21, a22, and a23 each respectively denote the numbers of L.sub.21, L.sub.22, and L.sub.23, and a21, a22, and a23 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3. When a21, a22, and a23 are 2 or greater, two or more L.sub.21, L.sub.22, and L.sub.23 may be identical to or different from each other. For example, a21, a22, and a23 may each independently be 0 or 1.

(195) In Formula 2, Ar.sub.21 may be, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group including at least two nitrogens (N).

(196) In an implementation, Ar.sub.21 may be selected from, e.g.,

(197) a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

(198) a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(199) In an implementation, Ar.sub.21 may be, e.g., a group represented by one of the following Formulae 5-1 to 5-10.

(200) ##STR00079##

(201) In Formulae 5-1 to 5-10,

(202) Z.sub.51 and Z.sub.52 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group,

(203) g1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3, g2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2, g3 may be an integer of 0 or 1, g4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4, and g5 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2,

(204) * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

(205) In an implementation, Ar.sub.21 may be selected from, e.g.,

(206) a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group; and

(207) a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(208) In Formula 2, Ar.sub.22 may be selected from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(209) In an implementation, Ar.sub.22 may be selected from, e.g.,

(210) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group; and

(211) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a triphenylene group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazolyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyriazinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(212) In an implementation, Ar.sub.22 may be selected from, e.g.,

(213) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

(214) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

(215) In Formula 2, R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), and B(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5). Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.5 will be described below in detail.

(216) In an implementation, R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(217) a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

(218) a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;

(219) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

(220) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33); and

(221) Si(Q)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(222) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

(223) In an implementation, R.sub.21 to R.sub.23 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(224) a hydrogen, F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an iso-decanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group;

(225) a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an iso-pentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an iso-decanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35); and

(226) Si(Q)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(227) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

(228) b21, b22, b23, and b24 each respectively denote the numbers of R.sub.21, R.sub.22, R.sub.23, and R.sub.24, where b21 and b23 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, and b22 and b24 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3. When b21 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.21 may be identical to or different from each other, when b22 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.22 may be identical to or different from each other, when b23 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.23 may be identical to or different from each other, and when b24 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.24 may be identical to or different from each other.

(229) In an implementation, the second compound represented by Formula 2 may be, e.g., represented by one of the following Formulae 2A to 2P.

(230) ##STR00080## ##STR00081## ##STR00082## ##STR00083## ##STR00084## ##STR00085##

(231) In Formulae 2A to 2P, L.sub.21 to L.sub.23, Ar.sub.21, Ar.sub.22, R.sub.21 to R.sub.24, a21 to a23, and b21 to b24 may be understood by referring to the descriptions provided herein,

(232) Ar.sub.21 may be selected from, e.g.,

(233) a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group; and

(234) a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an iso-propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(235) In Formula 30, X.sub.31 may be C(R.sub.31) or N, X.sub.32 may be C(R.sub.32) or N, X.sub.33 may be C(R.sub.33) or N, and at least one of X.sub.31 to X.sub.33 may be N.

(236) In an implementation, all of X.sub.31, X.sub.32, and X.sub.33 may be N.

(237) In Formula 30, X.sub.55 may be C(R.sub.55) or N, X.sub.56 may be C(R.sub.56) or N, X.sub.57 may be C(R.sub.57) or N, X.sub.58 may be C(R.sub.58) or N, at least one of X.sub.55 and X.sub.56 in Formula 50 may be N, and at least one of X.sub.57 and X.sub.58 in Formula 51 may be N.

(238) In an implementation, X.sub.55 is N, and X.sub.56 is N; X.sub.55 is N, and X.sub.56 is C; or X.sub.55 is C, and X.sub.56 is N.

(239) In an implementation, X.sub.57 is N, and X.sub.58 is N; X.sub.57 is N, and X.sub.58 is C; or X.sub.57 is C, and X.sub.58 is N.

(240) In an implementation, in Formula 30, L.sub.31 to L.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(241) a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group; and

(242) a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

(243) In an implementation, L.sub.31 to L.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(244) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, and a triazinylene group; and

(245) a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, and a triazinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(246) In Formula 30, Ar.sub.31 may be selected from or include, e.g., a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(247) In an implementation, Ar.sub.31 may be selected from, e.g.,

(248) a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; and

(249) a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33), and B(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35),

(250) wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.35 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, and a triazinyl group.

(251) In an implementation, Ar.sub.31 may be selected from, e.g.,

(252) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group; and

(253) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33),

(254) wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group.

(255) In Formula 30, R.sub.34 to R.sub.43 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a group represented by Formula 50, a group represented by Formula 51, a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), and B(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5). Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.5 will be described below in detail.

(256) In an implementation, R.sub.34 to R.sub.43 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(257) a group represented by Formula 50, a group represented by Formula 51, a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

(258) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

(259) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33); and

(260) Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(261) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

(262) In an implementation, R.sub.34 to R.sub.43 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(263) a group represented by Formula 50 and a group represented by Formula 51;

(264) a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group;

(265) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group and a triazinyl group;

(266) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33); and

(267) Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(268) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

(269) In an implementation, R.sub.34 to R.sub.43 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a group represented by Formula 50, a group represented by Formula 51, a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, and Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group

(270) In an implementation, the group represented by Formula 50 and the group represented by Formula 51 may each independently be a group represented by one of Formulae 8-1 to 8-30.

(271) ##STR00086## ##STR00087## ##STR00088## ##STR00089##

(272) In Formulae 8-1 to 8-30, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

(273) At least one of R.sub.34 to R.sub.38 may be the group represented by Formula 50, and at least one of R.sub.39 to R.sub.43 may be the group represented by Formula 51.

(274) For example, in Formula 30, R.sub.35 may be the group represented by Formula 50, and R.sub.42 may be the group represented by Formula 51.

(275) In Formulae 30, 50, and 51, R.sub.31 to R.sub.33 and R.sub.51 to R.sub.58 may each independently be selected from or include, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3), and B(Q.sub.4)(Q.sub.5). Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.5 will be described below in detail.

(276) In an implementation, R.sub.31 to R.sub.33 and R.sub.51 to R.sub.58 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(277) a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group;

(278) a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group and a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, and a pyrimidinyl group;

(279) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

(280) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33); and

(281) Si(Q)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(282) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

(283) In an implementation, R.sub.31 to R.sub.33 and R.sub.51 to R.sub.58 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(284) a hydrogen, F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an isohexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an isoheptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an isooctyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an isononyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an isodecanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group;

(285) a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an n-butyl group, an iso-butyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an isopentyl group, a sec-pentyl group, a tert-pentyl group, an n-hexyl group, an iso-hexyl group, a sec-hexyl group, a tert-hexyl group, an n-heptyl group, an iso-heptyl group, a sec-heptyl group, a tert-heptyl group, an n-octyl group, an iso-octyl group, a sec-octyl group, a tert-octyl group, an n-nonyl group, an iso-nonyl group, a sec-nonyl group, a tert-nonyl group, an n-decanyl group, an iso-decanyl group, a sec-decanyl group, a tert-decanyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, a butoxy group, a pentoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, and a triazinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from F, a cyano group, a nitro group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, and Si(Q.sub.33)(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35); and

(286) Si(Q.sub.1)(Q.sub.2)(Q.sub.3),

(287) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.3 and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

(288) c1, c2, c3, and c4 each respectively denote the numbers of R.sub.51, R.sub.52, R.sub.53, and R.sub.54, where c1 and c3 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, and c2 and c4 may be each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3. When c1 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.51 may be identical to or different from each other, when c2 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.52 may be identical to or different from each other, when c3 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.53 may be identical to or different from each other, and when c4 is 2 or greater, two or more R.sub.54 may be identical to or different from each other.

(289) In Formula 50 and 51, * is a binding site to a neighboring atom.

(290) In an implementation, the third compound represented by Formula 30 may be, e.g., represented by Formula 30A.

(291) ##STR00090##

(292) In Formula 30A, X.sub.31 to X.sub.33, X.sub.55 to X.sub.58, L.sub.31 to L.sub.33, Ar.sub.31, R.sub.31 to R.sub.34, R.sub.36 to R.sub.41, R.sub.43, R.sub.51 to R.sub.54, a31 to a33, and c1 to c4 may be the same as described in the present specification.

(293) In an implementation, the third compound may be, e.g., represented by one of the following Formulae 31-1 to 31-9.

(294) ##STR00091## ##STR00092##

(295) In Formulae 31-1 to 31-9,

(296) Ar.sub.31 is selected from a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and a triphenylene group; and

(297) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, and Si(Q.sub.3)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33),

(298) wherein Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.33 may each independently be selected from, e.g., a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group;

(299) R.sub.37 and R.sub.40 may each independently be selected from, e.g.,

(300) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group and an isoquinolinyl group; and

(301) a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a cyano group, a nitro group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.20 alkyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group.

(302) In an implementation, the first compound may be one of the following Compounds 1 to 21, the second compound may be one of the following Compounds A1 to A23, and/or the third compound may be one of the following Compounds B1 to B12.

(303) ##STR00093## ##STR00094## ##STR00095## ##STR00096## ##STR00097## ##STR00098## ##STR00099## ##STR00100## ##STR00101## ##STR00102## ##STR00103## ##STR00104## ##STR00105## ##STR00106## ##STR00107## ##STR00108## ##STR00109## ##STR00110##

(304) The electron transport region may include a charge control layer. In order to improve emission efficiency and lifespan of an organic light-emitting device, optimizing balance between holes and electrons in an emission layer may be desirable. The charge control layer may control a speed of electrons to be injected into the emission layer to not too be fast, and may control a migration rate of the electrons. Thus, an efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may increase. Also, the charge control layer may control migration of the holes to an electron transport layer, and thus lifespan of the organic light-emitting device may improve.

(305) The charge control layer may be located adjacent to, e.g., directly adjacent to, the emission layer. The charge control layer may control injection of holes from the emission layer to the electron transport layer to help improve lifespan characteristics of the organic light-emitting device.

(306) When the electron transport region includes the charge control layer, the charge control layer may be formed on the emission layer by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or LITI. When the charge control layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, deposition and coating conditions for the charge control layer may be determined by referring to the deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

(307) In an implementation, the charge control layer may include the first compound and the second compound.

(308) When the charge control layer includes the first compound and the second compound, a weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound may be in a range of about 1:99 to about 99:1. In an implementation, a weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound may be, e.g., about 50:50. When a weight ratio of the first compound to the second compound is within this range, efficiency and lifespan of an organic light-emitting device may improve.

(309) When the charge control layer includes both the first compound and the second compound, an organic light-emitting device including the charge control layer may have simultaneously improved efficiency and lifespan.

(310) If the charge control layer only were to only include the first compound, injection of electrons to the emission layer may be enhanced. Accordingly, efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may improve, but lifespan of the organic light-emitting device may decrease. If the charge control layer were to only include the second compound, lifespan of the organic light-emitting device may improve, but efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may decrease.

(311) The charge control layer may be located adjacent to, e.g., directly adjacent to, the emission layer. The charge control layer may control injection of holes from the emission layer to the electron transport layer to help improve lifespan characteristics of the organic light-emitting device.

(312) A thickness of the charge control layer may be in a range of about 20 to about 1,000 , e.g., about 30 to about 300 . When a thickness of the charge control layer is within this range, the charge control layer may have excellent hole blocking characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

(313) Next, the electron transport region may include at least one of the electron transport layer and the electron injection layer on the charge control layer.

(314) In an implementation, the electron transport region may include the electron transport layer. The electron transport layer may be formed on the emission layer or on the charge control layer by using various methods e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or LITI. When an electron transport layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, vacuum deposition and coating conditions for the electron transport layer may be determined by referring to the vacuum deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

(315) In an implementation, the electron transport layer may include the third compound.

(316) In an implementation, the electron transport region may include the electron transport layer; and the charge control layer between the electron transport layer and the emission layer, wherein the charge control layer includes the first compound and the second compound, and the electron transport layer includes the third compound.

(317) When the electron transport layer includes the third compound, the electron transport layer may have enhanced electron transporting characteristics. Thus a rate of injection of electrons to the emission layer may increase. In this regard, efficiency of the organic light-emitting device may improve.

(318) The electron transport layer may be located adjacent to, e.g., directly adjacent to, the charge control layer. For example, the charge control layer may be between the electron transport layer and the emission layer. The charge control layer may control injection of electrons from the electron transport layer to the emission layer to help improve efficiency characteristics of the organic light-emitting device.

(319) A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 to about 1,000 , e.g., about 150 to about 500 . When a thickness of the electron transport layer is within this range, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory electron transporting characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

(320) The electron transport layer may further include a metal-containing material in addition to the third compound.

(321) The metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, e.g., Compound ET-D1 (lithium quinolate, LiQ) or ET-D2. In an implementation, the electron transport layer may include, e.g., the third compound and LiQ.

(322) ##STR00111##

(323) The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates electron injection from the second electrode 190.

(324) The electron injection layer may be formed on the electron transport layer by using various methods, e.g., vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a LB method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, or laser-induced thermal imaging. When an electron injection layer is formed by vacuum deposition or spin coating, vacuum deposition and coating conditions for the electron injection layer may be determined by referring to the vacuum deposition and coating conditions for the hole injection layer.

(325) The electron injection layer may include, e.g., at least one selected from LiF, NaCl, CsF, Li.sub.2O, BaO, and LiQ.

(326) A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 to about 100 , e.g., about 3 to about 90 . When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within this range, electron injecting characteristics of the electron injection layer may be excellent without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

(327) The second electrode 190 may be disposed on the organic layer 150. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode that is an electron injection electrode, and in this regard, a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be a material having a low work function, and such a material may be a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof. Examples of the material for the second electrode 190 may include lithium (Li), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (AlLi), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (MgIn), or magnesium-silver (MgAg). In an implementation, the material for forming the second electrode 190 may be, e.g., ITO or IZO. The second electrode 190 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode.

(328) Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device has been described with reference to FIG. 1. In an implementation, any Q groups described above may be selected from or include, e.g., hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(329) A C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group used herein refers to a linear or branched aliphatic monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group may include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. A C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group.

(330) A C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group used herein refers to a monovalent group represented by OA.sub.101 (where, A.sub.101 is the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group), and examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group may include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropyloxy group.

(331) A C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon double bond in the middle or at a terminal of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group may include an ethenyl group, a prophenyl group, and a butenyl group. A C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group.

(332) A C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group used herein refers to a hydrocarbon group including at least one carbon triple bond in the middle or at a terminal of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkyl group, and examples of the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group may include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. A C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group.

(333) A C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples of the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group may include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. A C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group.

(334) A C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group may include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group. A C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group.

(335) A C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond in the ring of the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, and does not have aromacity. Examples of the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group may include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. A C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group.

(336) A C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group used herein refers to a monovalent monocyclic group including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group may include a 2,3-hydrofuranyl group and a 2,3-hydrothiophenyl group. A C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group.

(337) A C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group used herein refers to a monovalent group including a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group used herein refers to a divalent group including a carbocyclic aromatic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group may include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group and the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

(338) A C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group used herein refers to a monovalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 6 carbon atoms. A C.sub.2-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group used herein refers to a divalent group having a carbocyclic aromatic system including at least one hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S as a ring-forming atom and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Examples of the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group may include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group and the C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group each include two or more rings, the rings may be fused to each other.

(339) A C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group used herein denotes OA.sub.102 (where, A.sub.102 is the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group), and a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group used herein denotes SA.sub.103 (where, A.sub.103 is the C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group).

(340) A monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 8 to 60 carbon atoms) that has two or more rings condensed to each other, only carbon atoms as a ring forming atom, and non-aromacity in the entire molecular structure. Examples of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group may include a fluorenyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

(341) A monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein refers to a monovalent group (for example, having 1 to 60 carbon atoms) that has two or more rings condensed to each other, has a hetero atom selected from N, O, P, and S, other than carbon atoms, as a ring forming atom, and has non-aromacity in the entire molecular structure. Example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may include a carbazolyl group. A divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group used herein refers to a divalent group having the same structure with the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(342) As used herein, at least one substituent of the substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.20 aromatic ring, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylene group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroarylene group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, substituted C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from,

(343) a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group;

(344) a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, and a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.11)(Q.sub.12)(Q.sub.13), and B(Q.sub.14)(Q.sub.15);

(345) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

(346) a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryloxy group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 arylthio group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, Si(Q.sub.21)(Q.sub.22)(Q.sub.23), and B(Q.sub.24)(Q.sub.25); and

(347) Si(Q.sub.31)(Q.sub.32)(Q.sub.33) and B(Q.sub.34)(Q.sub.35),

(348) wherein Q.sub.1 to Q.sub.5, Q.sub.11 to Q.sub.15, Q.sub.21 to Q.sub.25, and Q.sub.31 to Q.sub.35 may be each independently selected from a hydrogen, a deuterium, F, Cl, Br, I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amino group, an amidino group, a hydrazine group, a hydrazone group, a carboxylic acid or a salt thereof, a sulfonic acid or a salt thereof, a phosphoric acid or a salt thereof, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-C.sub.60 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 alkoxy group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkyl group, a C.sub.3-C.sub.10 cycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.10 heterocycloalkenyl group, a C.sub.6-C.sub.60 aryl group, a C.sub.1-C.sub.60 heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

(349) As used herein, the expression Ph denotes a phenyl group, the expression Me denotes a methyl group, the expression Et denotes an ethyl group, and the expression ter-Bu or Bu.sup.t denotes a tert-butyl group.

(350) Hereinafter, an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment will be described in detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. Regarding Synthesis Examples below, the wording B was used instead of A includes the meaning that a molar equivalent amount of B is identical to that of A.

(351) The following Examples and Comparative Examples are provided in order to highlight characteristics of one or more embodiments, but it will be understood that the Examples and Comparative Examples are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the embodiments, nor are the Comparative Examples to be construed as being outside the scope of the embodiments. Further, it will be understood that the embodiments are not limited to the particular details described in the Examples and Comparative Examples.

EXAMPLE

Example 1

(352) An anode was prepared as an ITO (7 nm)/Ag (100 nm)/ITO (7 nm) substrate using glass available from Corning, which was cut into a size of 50 mm50 mm0.7 mm. The substrate was sonicated in isopropyl alcohol and pure water for 30 minutes each, cleaned with ozone for 10 minutes, and then mounted on a vacuum depositor.

(353) Compound HT3 was vacuum deposited on the substrate at a thickness of 1,400 to form a hole transport layer. Then, ADN (a host) and FD9 (a dopant) were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 200:3 on the hole transport layer to form an emission layer having a thickness of 200 .

(354) ##STR00112##

(355) Subsequently, Compound 1 and Compound A1 were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 50:50 on the emission layer to form a charge control layer having a thickness of 50 . Compound B1 and LiQ were co-deposited at a weight ratio of 50:50 to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 310 on the charge control layer. LiQ was vacuum-deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickenss of 5 , and then, MgAg was vacuum-desposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 110 , thereby completing manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Example 2

(356) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound A12 was used instead of Compound A1 in the formation of the charge control layer.

Example 3

(357) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 10 was used instead of Compound 1 in the formation of the charge control layer.

Example 4

(358) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 10 was used instead of Compound 1, and Compound A12 was used instead of Compound A1 in the formation of the charge control layer.

Example 5

(359) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound B7 was used instead of Compound B1 in the formation of the electron transport layer.

Example 6

(360) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound A12 was used instead of Compound A1 in the formation of the charge control layer, and Compound B7 was used instead of Compound B1 in the formation of the electron transport layer.

Example 7

(361) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 10 was used instead of Compound 1 in the formation of the charge control layer, and Compound B7 was used instead of Compound B1 in the formation of the electron transport layer.

Example 8

(362) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 10 was used instead of Compound 1, and Compound A12 was used instead of Compound A1 in the formation of the charge control layer, and Compound B7 was used instead of Compound B1 in the formation of the electron transport layer.

Comparative Example 1

(363) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound A1 was not used in the formation of the charge control layer.

Comparative Example 2

(364) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 10 was used instead of Compound 1, and Compound A1 was not used in the formation of the charge control layer.

Comparative Example 3

(365) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 1 was not used in the formation of the charge control layer.

Comparative Example 4

(366) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Compound 1 was not used, and Compound A12 was used instead of Compound A1 in the formation of the charge control layer.

Comparative Example 5

(367) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that Alq.sub.3 was used instead of Compound B1 and LiQ in the formation of the electron transport layer.

Comparative Example 6

(368) An organic light-emitting device was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the charge control layer was not formed.

Evaluation Example 1

(369) Current densities, efficiencies, and half-lives of the organic light-emitting devices prepared in Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 were measured by using a Kethley SMU 236 and a luminance meter PR650, and the results are shown in Table 1, below. The half-lives were defined as the time for the luminance of an organic light-emitting device to decline to 95% of its initial luminance after driving the organic light-emitting device.

(370) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Electron Current Lifespan transport density Efficiency (T95%) Charge control layer layer (mA/cm.sup.2) (cd/A) (h) Example 1 Compound 1 Compound A1 Compound 10 6.1 222 B1 + LiQ Example 2 Compound 1 Compound A12 Compound 10 5.6 264 B1 + LiQ Example 3 Compound 10 Compound A1 Compound 10 5.3 321 B1+ LiQ Example 4 Compound 10 Compound A12 Compound 10 5.5 300 B1 + LiQ Example 5 Compound 1 Compound A1 Compound 10 5.8 201 B7 + LiQ Example 6 Compound 1 Compound A12 Compound 10 5.1 253 B7 + LiQ Example 7 Compound 10 Compound A1 Compound 10 5.2 279 B7 + LiQ Example 8 Compound 10 Compound A12 Compound 10 5.0 337 B7 + LiQ Comparative Compound 1 Compound 10 4.1 210 Example 1 B1 + LiQ Comparative Compound 10 Compound 10 4.3 183 Example 2 B1 + LiQ Comparative Compound A1 Compound 10 5.4 105 Example 3 B1 + LiQ Comparative Compound A12 Compound 10 5.2 70 Example 4 B1 + LiQ Comparative Compound 1 Compound A1 Alq.sub.3 10 3.2 245 Example 5 Comparative Compound 10 4.7 167 Example 6 B1+ LiQ

(371) Referring to Table 1, it may be seen that efficiencies and half-lives of the organic light-emitting devices prepared in Examples 1 to 8 were improved, compared to those of the organic light-emitting devices prepared in Comoparative Examples 1 to 6.

(372) As described above, according to the one or more of the above exemplary embodiments, an organic light-emitting device may have high efficiency and long lifespan.

(373) Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art as of the filing of the present application, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.