Method for producing hydrogen - containing gaseous fuel and thermal gas -generator plant

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing hydrocarbon-containing gaseous fuel comprises at least three stages.

In the first stage water is entered for heating and water steam forming

In the second stage hydrocarbon component is entered and mixed with water steam by injecting. The mixture is heated and directed to third and subsequent stages to additional heating for fuel producing.

Turbo generator is made as two cylinder tubes, divided on isolated sections. The first section is made with induction heat source for system start-up, the second section is made with injector type mixer. The inner tube cavity forms the firing chamber. In technological cylinder multistage components and mixture heated and additional heating in subsequent sections are realized until forming of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel. Burning system, worker burner, start-up burner are installed on the firing chamber inlet. Working torch forming element is installed on the firing chamber outlet.

Claims

1. A thermal gas plant with closed cycle for producing hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel comprising a corpus made as a two cylindrical tubes, imbedded in one another with a gap, said corpus forming a technological cylinder, said technological cylinder divided on three isolated sections so the section number correspond to number of stages of a process of making a fuel mixture, a first section with an independent induction source of heat, said section corresponds to vaporization stage, a second section with unit for components mixing and heating a steam and gas mixture, a third section of an additional heating stage for the fuel mixture producing a burner system, said burner system comprising a working burner, start-up burner with ignition device with spark ignition pulse source, a firing chamber forming in an inner tithe cavity, a pulse ignition unit, and a start-up system, said start-up system including independent induction heat source, start-up burner with a supply of combustible fuel, fuel tanks, made as separate sealed discharge containers for water and a hydrocarbon component, the unit for components mixing is made as an injector with separate inlets for water as a steam, and a hydrocarbon component, an outlet of the third section of the technological cylinder is connected to the inlet of the firing chamber, where the burner system is installed, while at the firing chamber outlet a working torch is installed forming an element as a restriction device, the discharge water container is connected to the inlet of the first section of the technological cylinder, an outlet of the first section is connected to a first inlet of the injector, the second inlet of the injector is connected to the discharge container of the hydrocarbon component, an injector outlet is connected to the second section, the second section connected to third section of technological cylinder.

2. The thermal gas plant according to claim 1, wherein ratio of radii of tubes, forming the technological cylinder for fuel mixture producing is:
0.3>(R1/r2)>0.1; where R1outer diameter of the inner tube, r2inner diameter of outer tube

3. The thermal gas plant according to claim 1, wherein the turbo charging unit is installed on the inlet of the burner system.

4. The thermal gas plant according to claim 1, wherein a constant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa is supported in the discharge containers.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] FIG. 1A shows block-diagram of the algorithm, realizing the method: generalized block-diagram of the algorithm

[0039] FIG. 1B shows block-diagram of the algorithm, realizing the method: detailed block-diagram with basic elements;

[0040] FIG. 2shows the scheme of three-section thermal gas-generator setup;

[0041] FIG. 3shows profile I-I in FIG. 2;

[0042] FIG. 4shows profile II-II in FIG. 2;

[0043] FIG. 5shows scheme of injection type mixer;

[0044] FIG. 6shows thermal temperature regime in the technological cylinder,

[0045] The following designations are used in all drawings:

[0046] 1discharge water container; 2discharge container for hydrocarbon component S.sub.nH.sub.2n+2; 3working burner; 4startup burner; 5external independent source-generator with pulsed spark igniter; 6turbocharger unit; 7induction (pin) heater of turbo generator startup; 8injection type mixer; 9fire chamber; 10first section of the technological cylinder; 11second section of the technological cylinder; 12third section of technological cylinder; 13zone of ignition; inflammation and fire torch formation; 14zone of technological burning of firing torch (firing torch zone); 15unit for forming the working torch, 16working torch zone, 17technological pipe for water supply by pumping from the discharge water container (1) into the first section (10) of technological cylinder; 18technological pipe for supply hydrocarbon component S.sub.nH.sub.2n+2 by pumping from the discharge hydrocarbon container (2) into the injection type mixer (8); 19technological pipe for steam supply from the first section (10) of technological cylinder into the injection type mixer (8); 20technological pipe for steam and hydrocarbons mixture supply from the mixer (8) into the second section (11) of technological cylinder; 21technological pipe for steam and hydrocarbons mixture supply from the second section (11) into the third section (12) of the technological cylinder; 22technological pipe for steam and hydrocarbons mixture supply from the second section (11) into the start-up burner (4) (return of fuel in the forced heating mode); 23technological pipe for fuel supply from the third section (12) of technological cylinder into working burner (3) (return of the fuel in the normal mode of self-heating); 24pipe of fuel take-off for external fuel consumer; 25control valve; 26the place of water loading into the discharge container (1); 27the place of hydrocarbon fuel loading into the discharge container (2): 28devices for control the head and the pressure in the technological pipes; 29water steam generation (realizing of process of water steam generation (1, 10) water supply from 1 into 10 for vaporization); 30fire torch formation; 31mixing and heating of the water steam and hydrocarbon mixture; 32heating of the steam and hydrocarbon mixture for fuel producinc; 33inner cylinder of thermal gas generator; 34outer cylinder of thermal gas generator: a)supply of steam and hydrocarbon mixture from the second section (11) of the technological cylinder for running process, b)supply of combustible mixture from an external source for running process, csupply of hydrocarbon component for running process; 35technological cylinder heating.

[0047] The essence of the proposed method consists in the following:

[0048] The method and the setup realizes the dependence of H.sub.2O+S.sub.nH.sub.2n+2=H.sub.n+CO.sub.2 in high-temperature multi-stage mode.

[0049] The thermal ability of carbon is best utilized at water gas.

[0050] On the vaporization of water gas of carbon it is requires 8% of its own resources, with all that the water gas consists mainly of CO (40-60%) and H2 (30-50%).

[0051] Water gas formation is a complex, at least two-stage process: at 500 C. it is a complete decomposition on hydrogen and carbon dioxide (C+2H2O=2H2+CO2, at 1000-1200 C.it is a decomposition on hydrogen and carbon monoxide (CO2+C=2CO).

[0052] If the water is taken in a steam state, the decomposition of water steam (C+H2O=CO+H2) is accompanied by heat losses, and therefore leads to cooling. In relation to these, to compensate heat losses, temperature of the first stage of heating must be higher than temperature of final stageit must be not less than 1300 C.

[0053] Presence of the turbo pumping (air, oxygen or other additional oxidant) gives a possibility to obtain so-called generator gas with a temperature of mixture burning of 1935 C., at actual absence on the output environmentally harmful components.

[0054] The essence of method is shown in the block-diagram of algorithm its realization (FIG. 1).

[0055] The method includes (FIG. 1A) a fire torch forming and providing of technological burning (30) for heating components and mixture in the technological cylinder (35).

[0056] To provide the process realization, and a claimed technical problem decision it envisage separation of the technological streams with separate supply (17-18) componentswater (1) and the hydrocarbon component (2).

[0057] Water is supplied for heating and vaporization (29) for subsequent steam supply (19) for mixing with the hydrocarbon component and subsequent heating of the steam and hydrocarbon mixture (31), which already at this stage may be a flammable mixture.

[0058] This mixture is used during start-up of system (22). Then, the mixture is sent to the next stages of processing (32)for additional warmup (20-21). The resulting fuel is sent to the system inlet for ignition (23), it used also to create a working torch at the setup outlet.

[0059] Heating of components and mixture (35) in normal mode is carried out by means of technological cylinder, having several sections, according to the stages number for implementing of the method.

[0060] Componentswater and hydrocarbon component are loaded into sealed containers (1, 2) under the constant pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa to ensure their uninterrupted supply to the system by pumping through control valves (25) (FIG. 1A, FIG. 2). Loading can be carried out periodically, as fast, as component discharge, or continuously.

[0061] Because the basis is taken in a three-stage process, in the first stage in the normal mode of self-heating, water is heated up to superheated steam with temperature of 500-550 C., and in the start-up mode with forced heating up to temperature of 450-500 C.

[0062] The resulting superheated steam is directed to the mixing with the hydrocarbon components. Mixing is provided by injection (8) of steam (FIG. 5).

[0063] Then the steam and hydrocarbon mixture is additionally heated in the second section of the technological cylinder (11) and in the third section (12) mixture is heated up to a temperature of formation of gaseous fuel, which in the normal mode of self-heating is directed to return (23) for igniting and flame torch formation.

[0064] In the start-up mode with forced heating (7) the steam and hydrocarbon mixture is directed (22) for ignition from the second section (11).

[0065] The efficiency of the method consists in increasing the stability of process of hydrogen-containing gaseous fuel and producing (with a significant reduction of failures number), a reduction of power consumption and hydrocarbon component discharge (increasing the value of indicator of water/diesel fuel ratio).

[0066] The table below shows the comparative characteristics of the known technical solutions and proposed method. These characteristics confirm the efficiency of proposed method and its possibility to solve the claimed technical problem.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE Example of a concrete implementation of the method and the technical characteristics of thermal gas generator plant, realizing the method Plant Plant Grantstroy Grantstroy type type VTPGU-1 VTTGU-700 series series of of 2009 2011 (implementation (implementation Technical Unit of of the of the characteristic measurement prototype) claimed solution) discharge of liters per 20-25 20-25 Water H2O hour Diesel fuel liters per 3.0-3.1 2.4-2.5 discharge in hour normal mode Water/diesel fuel (6.5:1)-(8.0:1) (8.0:1)-(10.4:1) ratio Average (7.25:1) Average (9.5:1) (87.9:12.1)% (90.5:9.5)% Setup outer mm 203 203 diameter Thermal power Gcal 1.0 1.0 Average frequency Flame 0.1 001 of the flame failure per failure on an hour operating time of 1,000 hours

[0067] Implementation of the Method

[0068] The method is implemented using the plant, including appropriate elements that are made as a single device, which has a complex multi section corpus, a burner system (30), the firing chamber (9), injection type unit for mixing the components (8), the puke ignition unit (5), pipes and start-up system, including start-up burner (4) with a supply of combustible fuel (a, b, or c).

[0069] The corpus is made single as two cylindrical tubes, imbedded in one another (33, 34), with a gap, forming technological cylinder.

[0070] Technological cylinder is heated by the firing torch, it is divided on hermetically isolated sections (10, 11, and 12)the section number corresponds to the stages number of the fuel mixture making process.

[0071] The first section (10) corresponds to vaporization stage. This section is equipped with an independent induction source of heat (7) for realizing the start-up process.

[0072] The second plant part, corresponding to stage of components mixing and heating of a water steam and gas mixture, includes a section 11 of technological cylinder, injection type mixer (8).

[0073] The third section (12) serves for final warming-up of mixture and producing of fuel.

[0074] Inner tube cavity (9) with an inner diameter r1 forms the firing chamber of firing torch formation (13, 14) for the technological cylinder heating.

[0075] Unit for mixing (8), of the second stage, is made as an injector with a separate entries (19) for water, in the steam form, and hydrocarbon component (18).

[0076] The plant is equipped with fuel tanks, which are made as separate, sealed, discharge containers for water (1) and the hydrocarbon component (2).

[0077] Discharge water container (1) is connected via pipe (17) to the inlet of the first section of the technological cylinder of vaporization chamber (10), the outlet of vaporization chamber is connected via pipe to the injector first inlet, the second inlet of which is connected to the hydrocarbon component discharge container, the injector outlet is connected via pipe to a section (11) for heating a steam and gas mixture, section (11) for heating a steam and gas mixture is connected via pipe (21) with a additional heating chamber (12) to form a fuel mixture, outlet this chamber is connected via pipe (23) to the inlet of the firing chamber (9), where the turbine burner system is installed, this system has ignition device with spark-ignition pulse source (5), working burner (3) start-up burner (4), on the firing chamber outlet is installed the working torch formation element (16), as a constrict unit, (15).

[0078] Ratio of radii of tubes, forming the technological cylinder for fuel mixture producing is:

0.3<(R1/r2)>0.1;

[0079] Where: R1is the outer diameter of the inner tube, [0080] r2is the inner diameter of outer tube,

[0081] At the turbine burner system inlet is installed turbocharger unit (6), and into the discharge containers (1.2) is maintained constant overpressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa.

[0082] The graph of FIG. 6 shows dependence of the temperature in the technological cylinder on its sections.