METHOD FOR CHECKING THE PLAUSIBILITY OF INSULATION MONITORING OF A HIGH-VOLTAGE SYSTEM OF AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE DURING THE CHARGING OF A TRACTION BATTERY OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE

Abstract

A method is provided for checking the plausibility of insulation monitoring of a high-voltage system (100) of an electric vehicle during the charging of a traction battery of the electric vehicle. The electrical insulation of the high-voltage system (100) is monitored by an insulation monitoring device (101), and a check is carried out cyclically to determine whether a further insulation monitoring device is active on a high-voltage bus of the high-voltage system (100).

Claims

1. A method for checking the plausibility of insulation monitoring of a high-voltage system (100) of an electric vehicle when charging a traction battery of the electric vehicle, the method comprising: using an insulation monitoring device (101) to monitor electrical insulation of the high-voltage system (100); and cyclically carrying out a check as to whether a further insulation monitoring device is active on a high-voltage bus of the high-voltage system (100).

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: deactivating an active portion formed by switching elements or current injection means of the insulation monitoring device (101) during each checking cycle for a defined plausibility-check time; and carrying out a check during the defined plausibility-check time to determine whether a further insulation monitoring device is active on the high-voltage bus of the high-voltage system (100).

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the insulation monitoring device (101) is configured such that: (insulation monitoring device initiation time−plausibility check time)>insulation resistance determination time.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein a duration of the initiation time is selected to be 30 s to 150 s.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein three different potential differences are measured by the insulation monitoring device (101) using a three-voltmeter method and that insulation resistances of the high-voltage system (100) are calculated therefrom.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising continuing to measure the three potential differences after deactivating the active portion of the insulation monitoring device (101).

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising carrying out a check as to whether the three measured potential differences have a low-frequency, cyclic pattern.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a circuit diagram of a high-voltage system with an insulation monitoring device.

[0019] FIG. 2 is a schematic representation illustrating a time sequence of insulation monitoring of the high-voltage system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] FIG. 1 shows a circuit diagram of a high-voltage system 100 of an electric vehicle connected to a DC voltage charging apparatus 200 that enables a traction battery of the electric vehicle to be charged. The DC voltage charging apparatus 200 is part of a charging infrastructure comprising plural corresponding DC voltage charging apparatuses so that the traction batteries of plural electric vehicles can be charged simultaneously.

[0021] Galvanic insulation of the electric vehicle against ground is provided during charging. This insulation is monitored by an insulation monitoring device 101 of the high-voltage system 100, as described in detail below. The basic construction and operation of the insulation monitoring device 101 are known from DE 10 2018 116 055 B3.

[0022] After the traction battery of the electric vehicle has been connected to the DC voltage charging apparatus 200, a terminal voltage 104 (U1=UHV) is applied to the poles of the traction battery. A first pole of the traction battery has a first voltage value 110 (+HV), and a second pole of the traction battery has a second voltage value 120 (−HV). A first potential difference 118 results from a difference between the first voltage value 110 (+HV) and a ground potential, and a second potential difference 128 results from a difference between the ground potential and the second voltage value 120 (−HV).

[0023] The insulation monitoring device 101 carries out active insulation monitoring of the high-voltage system 100 and comprises a first voltage measuring apparatus 112, a second voltage measuring apparatus 122, a first series circuit with a first resistor 116 and a first semiconductor switch driven with a first pulse width modulation signal 114, as well as a second series circuit with a second resistor 126 and a second semiconductor switch driven with a second pulse width modulation signal 124. By modulating the respective pulse width modulation 114 and 124, an active symmetrization function ensures that the two potential differences 118 and 128 match and the following applies to the voltage values: U2=UHV/2 and U3=UHV/2. The potential curves then also apply to the portion 102 of the high-voltage system 100 shown on the right side in FIG. 1.

[0024] Pulse width modulation modulates a duty cycle of a respective rectangular pulse at constant frequency. With this respective rectangular pulse (pulse width modulation signal 114, 124), the respective semiconductor switch, which opens or closes, depending on the type, for a duration of the rectangular pulse so that various states of the high-voltage system 100 can be generated in this way. A variation in the respective duty cycle thus results in a variation in the respective resistance value of the respective series circuit and thus also in the respective potential difference determined by the respective voltage measurement. Similar to a three-voltmeter method, the insulation resistances then are calculated from the voltage measurements.

[0025] The first resistance value of the first series circuit is referred to as RS1, the second resistance value of the second series circuit is referred to as RS2, the first insulation resistance is referred to as Ri1, the second insulation resistance is referred to as Ri2, the first potential difference is referred to as V1, and the second potential difference is referred to as V2.

[0026] The following relationship results from the application of Kirchhoff's rules: V1/R1s+V1/R1i=V2/R2s+V2/R2i. The insulation resistances Ri1 and Ri2 can be obtained from the above equation by measuring the voltages of the potential differences twice. The pairs of values {V1(1), V2(1)} and {V1(2), V2(2)} are measured at various resistance values {RS1(1), RS2(1)} and {RS1(2), RS2(2)} respectively caused by pulse width modulation. The respective resistance value of a respective series circuit that results during the respective PWM of the respective semiconductor switch is determined in advance of carrying out the method.

[0027] When multiple electric vehicles are connected to the charging apparatuses of the charging infrastructure, there is the problem that two or more insulation monitoring devices 101 activated at the same time may affect one another and thus lead to an erroneous detection of insulation faults. Furthermore, ground interference couplings may also affect the above-described active three-voltmeter method for determining the insulation resistances Ri1 and Ri2 and may lead to erroneously reported insulation faults. Incorrectly detected insulation faults lead to termination of the charging process and thereby result in interoperability issues.

[0028] To remedy this problem, a check is carried out cyclically as to whether a further insulation monitoring device is active on the high-voltage bus of the high-voltage system 100 in addition to the insulation monitoring device 101. Thus, a determination can be made in a very simple manner as to whether or not the cause of an insulation fault detected by the insulation monitoring device 101 is a further insulation monitoring device that is active on the high-voltage bus of the high-voltage system 100. In the process, the active portion, formed in the present case by semiconductor switches, of the insulation monitoring device 100 is deactivated in each checking cycle for a defined plausibility-check time within which a check is carried out as to whether a further insulation monitoring device is active on the high-voltage bus of the high-voltage system 100. A corresponding time sequence is shown in FIG. 2. This results in: (insulation monitoring device initiation time t0−plausibility check time t1)>insulation resistance determination time t2. In FIG. 2, t3 denotes the response time to insulation monitoring. Preferably, the duration of the initiation time t0 can be selected to be 30 s to 150 s, preferably 60 s to 120 s.

[0029] The three potential differences continue to be measured after deactivating the active portion of the insulation monitoring device 101. By evaluating the measured data obtained in the process, it can be determined in a suitable manner whether a further insulation monitoring device is active on the high-voltage bus of the relevant high-voltage system 100. In the process, it is checked whether the three measured potential differences have a low-frequency, cyclic pattern. If so, this means that a further insulation monitoring device is active on the high-voltage bus of the relevant high-voltage system 100.

[0030] The method presented here thus makes it possible to easily and effectively prevent erroneous detections of insulation faults. Charging interruptions can thus be avoided so that improved charging availability is also achieved overall.